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Journal articles on the topic 'Epoxide ring opening by amines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Devkate, Santosh S., Arvind S. Burungale, Ashok S. Pise та Sunil D. Jadhav. "Active Copper Catalyzed Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides by Heterocyclic Amines: An Efficient Protocol for Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols". Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 4, № 3 (2019): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2019.ajomc-p213.

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The regioselective epoxide ring opening at less substituted carbon atom of epoxide were reported by nucleophiles like heterocyclic amines which gives well known 1,2-difunctionalized amino alcohols. These are present in many synthetic as well as natural products. The ring opening of epoxide is achieved by cleavage with amines in presence of copper(0) as a catalyst. It is observed that the lithium napthalenide reduction of copper(I) produces a highly reactive form of copper(0) that acts as a catalyst for ring opening of epoxides with an amine.

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2

Larin, Evgeni A., Valeri S. Kochubei, and Yuri M. Atroshchenko. "Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of new diaminocyclopentanols." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (October 28, 2014): 2513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.262.

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The optimal conditions for regio- and stereoselective epoxide ring opening of N,N-disubstituted 1,2-epoxy-3-aminocyclopentanes by different nucleophilic reagents have been developed. The substituents on the nitrogen atom in the epoxide precursor and the orientation of the oxirane ring are crucial for the reaction outcome. Thus, treatment of (1RS,2SR,3SR)-1,2-epoxy-3-(N,N-dibenzylamino)cyclopentane (3b) with amines gave a mixture of C1 and C2 regioadducts, while the use of (1RS,2SR,3SR)-1,2-epoxy-3-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)cyclopentane (3a) led ultimately to C1 adducts. Base-catalyzed aminolysis

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3

Azizi, Najmodin, та Mohammad R. Saidi. "Solid lithium perchlorate as a powerful catalyst for the synthesis of β-aminoalcohols under solvent-free conditions". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, № 5 (2005): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-062.

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Lithium perchlorate catalyzed the ring opening of epoxides with amines to provide the corresponding β-aminoalcohols in excellent yields with high regioselectivity. The reaction proceeds rapidly under mild and neutral conditions and worked well with primary, secondary, aliphatic, aromatic, and hindered amines in short times at room temperature, in the absence of solvent.Key words: epoxide, lithium perchlorate, β-aminoalcohols, solvent-free.

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4

Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona. "Synthesis of β-amino alcohols using MgO as a new catalyst under solvent-free conditions". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, № 1 (2008): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-135.

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MgO catalyzed efficiently the ring opening of epoxides with a range of aromatic and aliphatic amines to produce β-substituted alcohols in high yields under solvent-free conditions. Exclusive trans stereoselectivity is observed for cyclic epoxide.Key words: MgO, β-amino alcohols, solvent-free, epoxide, amine.

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5

Acocella, M. R., C. Esposito Corcione, A. Giuri, M. Maggio, A. Maffezzoli, and G. Guerra. "Graphene oxide as a catalyst for ring opening reactions in amine crosslinking of epoxy resins." RSC Advances 6, no. 28 (2016): 23858–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00485g.

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6

Weidlich, Tomáš, and Barbora Kamenická. "Utilization of CO2-Available Organocatalysts for Reactions with Industrially Important Epoxides." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (2022): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030298.

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Recent knowledge in chemistry has enabled the material utilization of greenhouse gas (CO2) for the production of organic carbonates using mild reaction conditions. Organic carbonates, especially cyclic carbonates, are applicable as green solvents, electrolytes in batteries, feedstock for fine chemicals and monomers for polycarbonate production. This review summarizes new developments in the ring opening of epoxides with subsequent CO2-based formation of cyclic carbonates. The review highlights recent and major developments for sustainable CO2 conversion from 2000 to the end of 2021 abstracted

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7

Laayati, Mouhsine, Ali Hasnaoui, Nayad Abdallah, et al. "M-Type SrFe12O19 Ferrite: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Amino Alcohols under Solvent-Free Conditions." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (July 11, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7960648.

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Magnetically separable strontium hexaferrite SrFe12O19 was prepared using the chemical coprecipitation method, and the nanostructured material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and BET analysis. The SEM images showed the homogeneity of the chemical composition of SrFe12O19 and uniform distribution of size and morphology. The pore size of the nanomaterial and its specific area were determined by BET measurements. Strontium hexaferrite SrFe12O19 exhibited a strong magnetic field, which is highly suitable in the heter

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8

Kumar, S. Ramesh, and P. Leelavathi. "Cadmium chloride-catalyzed regioselective opening of oxiranes with aromatic amines — An improved protocol for the synthesis of 2-amino alcohols." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 1 (2007): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-186.

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Epoxides undergo rapid CdCl2-catalyzed ring-opening reaction with aromatic amines in mild reaction conditions (room temperature), affording the corresponding 2-amino alcohols with high regioselectivity.Key words: epoxides, aromatic amines, cadmium chloride, 2-amino alcohols.

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9

Laayati, Mouhsine, Ayoub Abdelkader Mekkaoui, Lahcen Fkhar, et al. "Synergistic effect of GO/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ as magnetic hybrid nanocatalyst for regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with amines under eco-friendly conditions." RSC Advances 12, no. 18 (2022): 11139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00984f.

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Highly efficient magnetically separable hybrid GO/SrFe12O19 nanocomposite was synthesized, as catalyst for epoxide ring-opening, via dispersing M-type strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) on graphene oxide (GO) sheets.

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10

Rani, Poonam, and Rajendra Srivastava. "Nucleophilic addition of amines, alcohols, and thiophenol with epoxide/olefin using highly efficient zirconium metal organic framework heterogeneous catalyst." RSC Advances 5, no. 36 (2015): 28270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00921a.

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11

Li, Dong, Jing Wang, Shibo Yu та ін. "Highly regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with amines: a metal- and solvent-free protocol for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols". Chemical Communications 56, № 15 (2020): 2256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09048g.

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12

Onaka, Makoto, Motomitsu Kawai, and Yusuke Izumi. "ZEOLITE-CATALYZED RING-OPENING OF EPOXIDES WITH AMINES." Chemistry Letters 14, no. 6 (1985): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1985.779.

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13

Li, Ailing, Fuping Dong, and Yuzhu Xiong. "Nitrogen-Rich Porous Organic Polymers from an Irreversible Amine–Epoxy Reaction for Pd Nanocatalyst Carrier." Molecules 28, no. 12 (2023): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124731.

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Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers were fabricated through a nonreversible ring-opening reaction from polyamines and polyepoxides (PAEs). The epoxide groups reacted with both primary and secondary amines provided by the polyamines at different epoxide/amine ratios with polyethylene glycol as the solvent to form the porous materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the occurrence of ring opening between the polyamines and polyepoxides. The porous structure of the materials was confirmed through N2 adsorption–desorption data and scanning electron microscopy images. The polym

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14

Tanaka, Koichi, Maya Kinoshita, Jun Kayahara, et al. "Asymmetric ring-opening reaction of meso-epoxides with aromatic amines using homochiral metal–organic frameworks as recyclable heterogeneous catalysts." RSC Advances 8, no. 49 (2018): 28139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05163a.

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Asymmetric ring-opening reactions of meso-epoxides by aromatic amines were achieved by using some chiral metal–organic frameworks. The corresponding β-amino alcohols were obtained with good yields and enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee).

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15

Doitomi, Kazuki, Kai Xu, and Hajime Hirao. "The mechanism of an asymmetric ring-opening reaction of epoxide with amine catalyzed by a metal–organic framework: insights from combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics calculations." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 11 (2017): 3470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04745a.

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16

Meany, Fiach B., Sarah O’Rourke, and Paul V. Murphy. "1-Tosyl-6-vinyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-benzo [d] imidazole-2-amine." Molbank 2021, no. 3 (2021): M1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1262.

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The alkene functionalised 2-aminobenzimidazole ring found in terrazoanthine natural products was synthesized in 3 steps from 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane via epoxide ring opening with toluenesulphonamide yielding 2 regioisomeric, separable amino alcohols. One isomer was oxidized to the corresponding ketone and subsequently condensed with cyanamide to furnish the title compound, which was characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.

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17

Fu, Gregory C. "Applications of "planar-chiral" heterocycles in asymmetric catalysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 7 (2001): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173071113.

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Planar-chiral derivatives of pyridine function as efficient catalysts for processes such as the kinetic resolution of primary amines and the desymmetrization/ring-opening of meso epoxides. Planar-chiral pyrrolyl and phospholyl derivatives serve as effective chiral ligands for a range of metal-catalyzed reactions, including the copper-catalyzed ring-expansion of oxetanes and the rhodium-catalyzed isomerization of allylic alcohols.

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18

Carrée, Fabien, Richard Gil, and Jacqueline Collin. "Samarium iodides catalyzed meso-epoxides ring opening by aromatic amines." Tetrahedron Letters 45, no. 41 (2004): 7749–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.08.048.

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19

Kamal, Ahmed, R. Ramu, Mohd Ameruddin Azhar, and G. B. Ramesh Khanna. "Copper(II) tetrafluoroborate-catalyzed ring-opening of epoxides by amines." Tetrahedron Letters 46, no. 15 (2005): 2675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.073.

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20

Raghavendra Swamy, N., G. Kondaji, and K. Nagaiah. "Bi3+CATALYZED REGIOSELECTIVE RING OPENING OF EPOXIDES WITH AROMATIC AMINES." Synthetic Communications 32, no. 15 (2002): 2307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-120006000.

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21

Bansal, Shobha, Yogendra Kumar, Parveen Pippal, Dipak K. Das, Panchanan Pramanik, and Prabal P. Singh. "An efficient method for regioselective ring opening of epoxides by amines under microwave irradiation using Bi(NO3)3·5H2O as a catalyst." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 7 (2017): 2668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj03701a.

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Bi(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O a highly efficient environmentally benign catalyst, is used for the nucleophilic ring opening of epoxides with aromatic, aliphatic and heteroaromatic amines under solvent free microwave conditions to afford the corresponding β-amino alcohols in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity.

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22

Cossar, Peter J., Jennifer R. Baker, Nicholas Cain та Adam McCluskey. "In situ epoxide generation by dimethyldioxirane oxidation and the use of epichlorohydrin in the flow synthesis of a library of β-amino alcohols". Royal Society Open Science 5, № 4 (2018): 171190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171190.

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The flow coupling of epichlorohydrin with substituted phenols, while efficient, limits the nature of the epoxide available for the development of focused libraries of β-amino alcohols. This limitation was encountered in the production of analogues of 1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-3-((2-((4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)propan-2-ol 1 , a potential antibiotic lead. The in situ (flow) generation of dimethyldoxirane (DMDO) and subsequent flow olefin epoxidation abrogates this limitation and afforded facile access to structurally diverse β-amino alcohols. Analogues of 1 were readily access

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23

Swamy, N. Raghavendra, T. Venkateshwar Goud, S. Malla Reddy, P. Krishnaiah, and Y. Venkateswarlu. "Zirconium (IV) Chloride Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxides with Aromatic Amines." Synthetic Communications 34, no. 4 (2004): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-120027721.

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24

Suresh Babu, K., B. China Raju, S. Praveen Kumar, Shanta G. Mallur, S. Venkat Reddy, and J. Madhusudana Rao. "Tungstophosphoric Acid (H3PW12O40)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides with Amines." Synthetic Communications 35, no. 6 (2005): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-200051047.

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25

Azoulay, Stéphane, Kei Manabe, and Shū Kobayashi. "Catalytic Asymmetric Ring Opening ofmeso-Epoxides with Aromatic Amines in Water." Organic Letters 7, no. 21 (2005): 4593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol051546z.

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26

De, Surya K., and Richard A. Gibbs. "Ruthenium(III) Chloride–Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxides with Aromatic Amines." Synthetic Communications 35, no. 20 (2005): 2675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910500214284.

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27

Saddique, Furqan Ahmad, Ameer Fawad Zahoor, Sadia Faiz, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Muhammad Usman, and Matloob Ahmad. "Recent trends in ring opening of epoxides by amines as nucleophiles." Synthetic Communications 46, no. 10 (2016): 831–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2016.1170148.

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28

Fleming, Matthew J., and David M. Hodgson. "Allylic alcohols and amines by carbenoid eliminative cross-coupling using epoxides or aziridines." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (September 10, 2021): 2385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.155.

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α-Lithiated terminal epoxides and N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)aziridines undergo eliminative cross-coupling with α-lithio ethers, to give convergent access to allylic alcohols and allylic amines, respectively. The process can be considered as proceeding by selective strain-relieving attack (ring-opening) of the lithiated three-membered heterocycle by the lithio ether and then selective β-elimination of lithium alkoxide.

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29

K Tandon, V., and Animesh Chandra. "Regio- and stereoselective epoxide ring opening reactions of 4,5-epoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepines with secondary amines." Tetrahedron Letters 34, no. 27 (1993): 4403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79364-6.

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30

Bhuyan, Diganta, Lakshi Saikia, and Dipak Kumar Dutta. "Modified Montmorillonite clay catalyzed regioselective ring opening of epoxide with amines and alcohols under solvent free conditions." Applied Catalysis A: General 487 (October 2014): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.09.020.

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31

Halimehjani, Azim Ziyaei, Hadi Gholami, and Mohammad R. Saidi. "Boric acid/glycerol as an efficient catalyst for regioselective epoxide ring opening by aromatic amines in water." Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 5, no. 1 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2011.572297.

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32

Krishna, Chintalapudi Rama, K. Aparna Seetharam та T. N. V. S. S. Satyadev. "Synthesis of β-amino alcohols by ring opening of epoxides with amines catalyzed by sulfated tin oxide under mild and solvent-free conditions". Current Chemistry Letters 13, № 2 (2024): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.11.004.

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One significant and elegant method for creating β-amino alcohols, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of many different natural and synthetic pharmaceutical compounds, is to open the rings of epoxides with amines. When sulfated tin oxide catalyst (2 mol%) is present, epoxides can open their rings and react with amines to produce corresponding β-amino alcohols in good to high yields under mild circumstances. Under clean circumstances and in a short amount of time, the reaction demonstrated high regioselectivity and functioned well with both aromatic and aliphatic amines at room tem

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33

Dadfar, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi, Sylwia Sekula‐Neuner, Vanessa Trouillet, and Michael Hirtz. "Protein Microarray Immobilization via Epoxide Ring‐Opening by Thiol, Amine, and Azide." Advanced Materials Interfaces 8, no. 10 (2021): 2002117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.202002117.

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34

Wosińska-Hrydczuk, Marzena, and Jacek Skarżewski. "2-Oxiranyl-pyridines: Synthesis and Regioselective Epoxide Ring Openings with Chiral Amines as a Route to Chiral Ligands." Heteroatom Chemistry 2019 (October 9, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2381208.

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New epoxides, derivatives of pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline, were synthesized from the respective α-methylazaarenes. The obtained racemic 2-oxiranyl-azaarenes along with styrene oxide and trans-stilbene oxide were submitted to the ring opening with chiral primary amines as a chiral auxiliary. The most effective reaction was run in the presence of Sc(OTf)3/diisopropylethylamine for 7 days at 80°C, affording a good yield of the amino alcohols. Except for styrene oxide which gave both α- and β-amino alcohols, the reactions led regioselectively to the corresponding diastereomer

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35

Zhu, Yue, Wenteng Chen, Donghong Zhao, Guolin Zhang та Yongping Yu. "One-Pot Three-Component Strategy for Polysubstituted 2-Aminothiazoles via Ring Opening of α-Nitro Epoxides". Synthesis 51, № 09 (2019): 2023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612101.

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Polysubstituted 2-aminothiazoles have been synthesized via a one-pot three-component reaction of α-nitro epoxides, potassium thiocyanate, and primary amines without the need for any additives. This reaction proceeds smoothly in a highly efficient and eco-friendly manner with good to excellent yields. A possible mechanism is also proposed.

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36

TSUJIMOTO, Munekazu, Yoshio MATSUBARA, Jun-ichi ASAKURA, Seisir^ ^ocirc; IT^|^Ocirc;, Masakuni YOSHIHARA, and Toshihisa MAESHIMA. "Ring-Opening Reaction of Epoxides with Amines in the Presence of Clays." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 64, no. 8 (1991): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.64.502.

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37

Meguro, Masaki, Naoki Asao, and Yoshinori Yamamoto. "Ytterbium triflate and high pressure-mediated ring opening of epoxides with amines." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 18 (1994): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19940002597.

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38

Sun, Jiangtao, Chengjian Zhu, Zhenya Dai, Minghua Yang, and Xu Pan. "Vanadium-Salan Catalyzed Enantioselective Ring Opening of meso-Epoxides with Aromatic Amines." Synthesis 2008, no. 13 (2008): 2100–2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1067109.

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39

Fagnou, Keith, and Mark Lautens. "Rhodium-Catalyzed Ring Opening of Vinyl Epoxides with Alcohols and Aromatic Amines." Organic Letters 2, no. 15 (2000): 2319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol0060782.

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40

Swamy, N. Raghavendra, G. Kondaji, and K. Nagaiah. "ChemInform Abstract: Bi3+ Catalyzed Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides with Aromatic Amines." ChemInform 33, no. 46 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200246050.

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41

Karimian, Ramin, Farideh Piri, Babak Karimi, and Moghimi Abolghasem. "Silica Chloride Nano Particle Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxides by Aromatic Amines." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 29, no. 5 (2011): 955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.201190195.

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42

Theis, Julia, та Helmut Ritter. "Formation of epoxide-amine oligo-adducts as OH-functionalized initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 6 (1 жовтня 2010): 938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.6.105.

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Epoxide-amine oligo-adducts were synthesized via a one-pot microwave assisted heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Accordingly, 4-nitroanisole was reduced under microwave conditions to give 4-aminoanisole which reacted immediately with the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A in an addition polymerization reaction to yield oligo(amino alcohol)s. The hydroxy groups of the new formed oligomers were used as the initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone to produce a graft copolymer.

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43

Chakraborti, Asit K., Atul Kondaskar, and Santosh Rudrawar. "Scope and limitations of montmorillonite K 10 catalysed opening of epoxide rings by amines." Tetrahedron 60, no. 41 (2004): 9085–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2004.07.077.

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44

Kobayashi, Shū. "Asymmetric catalysis in aqueous media." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 2 (2007): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779020235.

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Lewis acid catalysis has attracted much attention in organic synthesis because of unique reactivity and selectivity attained under mild conditions. Although various kinds of Lewis acids have been developed and applied in industry, these Lewis acids must be generally used under strictly anhydrous conditions. The presence of even a small amount of water handles the reactions owing to preferential reactions of the Lewis acids with water rather than the substrates. In contrast, rare earth and other metal complexes have been found to be water-compatible. Several catalytic asymmetric reactions in aq

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45

Kumar, Sumit, Charu Upadhyay, Meenakshi Bansal, et al. "Experimental and Computational Studies of Microwave-Assisted, Facile Ring Opening of Epoxide with Less Reactive Aromatic Amines in Nitromethane." ACS Omega 5, no. 30 (2020): 18746–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01760.

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46

TANDON, V. K., and A. CHANDRA. "ChemInform Abstract: Regio- and Stereoselective Epoxide Ring Opening Reactions of 4,5-Epoxy- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepines with Secondary Amines." ChemInform 24, no. 47 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199347250.

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47

Bhatt, Suchitra, and Sandip K. Nayak. "Anhydrous Titanium(III) chloride as a New Lewis-Acid Catalyst for Ring Opening of Epoxides with Aromatic Amines." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 2 (2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200217.

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Anhydrous titanium(III) chloride was found to be a simple and efficient Lewis acid catalyst for ring opening of epoxides at ambient temperature. The reaction proceeded smoothly with anilines as well as azide ion as nucleophiles to give the corresponding β-amino alcohols and β-azido alcohols in moderate to good yields.

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48

Talybov, A. G., V. M. Abbasov, E. G. Mamedbeili, and K. A. Kochetkov. "Regioselective ring opening in epoxides under the action of amines in water medium." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 80, no. 9 (2010): 1819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363210090173.

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49

Hosseini-Sarvari, M., and H. Sharghi. "Sulfamic acid catalyzed ring opening of epoxides with amines under solvent-free conditions." Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 5, no. 3 (2008): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03245992.

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50

Sreedhar, B., P. Radhika, B. Neelima, and Neha Hebalkar. "Regioselective ring opening of epoxides with amines using monodispersed silica nanoparticles in water." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 272, no. 1-2 (2007): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2007.03.040.

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