Journal articles: 'Epoxy-Phenol-Coating'

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Jasim, Haider Hadi. "Evaluation of Tensile, Impact and Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Epoxy Based Coatings used as a Lining for Crude Oil Storage Tanks." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.2.004.

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Fatigue is one of the main causes of failures in petroleum storage tanks. In order to assess the safety of the tank metal and coatings, the expected fatigue failure needs to be estimated. In this paper, the tensile, impact and fatigue resistance of three types of epoxy based coatings (pure, Phenol Novolac and reinforced by glass-flake) used as lining for crude oil storage tanks were studied using experimental method and finite elements method (FEM). Both experimental test and (FEM) were conducted on uncoated and coated ASTM A537 C1 steel in case of single and double layers. The test results showed that the applied coating improves the mechanical properties and increases of fatigue crack resistance. The fatigue crack growth rate is influenced by compositions of epoxy coating and an amine-adduct cured epoxy coating reinforced with glass-flakes show more resistance to fatigue cracks compare to amine cure by Novolac or pure epoxy. Microscopic observation of fatigue tests of specimens show the crack propagations is uniform, stable and linear types.

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Ahmed, Murtala Musa, Noor Shawal Nasri, Usman Dadum Hamza, Jibril Mohammed, Abdurrahman Garba, and Zain Husna Mohd. "Anticorrosion Performance of Zinc Ferrite Pigmented Lignin/Phenol Epoxy Novolac Resin Based Coating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.110.

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Corrosion in most processing equipment has always been a key research area. It is an important threat that needs to be prevented and controlled. Application of epoxy-based coatings on the surfaces of metallic parts is among the preventive measures but it is toxic and expensive. In this work, the anticorrosion performance of zinc ferrite pigmented bio-based epoxy-novolac coatings was studied. Initially, bio-based novolac resins were prepared by condensation from the reaction between phenol, bio-oil phenolic fractions and formaldehyde in an acidic medium. The prepared novolac was later transformed to epoxide with epichlorohydrine and 30 percent sodium hydroxide solution. The final coating formulation was obtained by mixing the prepared epoxy with zinc ferrite (a nontoxic anticorrosion pigment) and solvent. Anticorrosion tests using the formulated coatings and two other conventional coatings for comparison were conducted by simulating actual field conditions in a closed autoclave loop system that used 3 percent sodium chloride and water medium. The results showed that the zinc ferrite pigmented bio-based formulated coatings are very efficient in protecting the substrates since they exhibit similar protection ability with the conventional ones. The prepared epoxy can be said to be an eco-friendly and cheap source of resin for coating formulation that will reduce production cost and negative environmental effects as compared to conventional materials

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Rinaldi, Gilberto, Alessia Catalani, Giulio Rubini, and Daniele Surace. "Modified-Amine Cured Epoxy Formulation For The Encapsulation Of Electronic Circuits." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-2.1.55.

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The chemical modification of a polyalkylene-polyamine by reaction with phenol and formaldehyde allowed the obtainment of a series of curing agents tailored for an epoxy formulation suitable for the “conformal coating” of electronic assemblies. The mechanical, physical and above all electrical properties and durability of the coatings were measured; the presence of inorganic fillers (quartz and mica) into the formulation was also experimented with satisfactory results.

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Kumar, Hemant, S. K. Tripathi, Sukhen Mistry, and Ganeshdatt Bajpai. "Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Coatings Based on Epoxy Novolac and Liquid Rubber Blend." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 4 (2009): 1253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/826071.

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Phenol-based novolac resins were synthesized with different mole ratios of phenol-to-formaldehyde. These novolac resins were epoxidized with molar excess of epichlorohydrin at 120 °C in basic medium. Novolac and epoxy novolac resin were characterized by FTIR, NMR and GPC analysis. Molecular weight was found to be 838. The epoxidized novolac resins were separately blended with different weight ratios of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene liquid rubber ranging between 0-25 wt % with an interval of 5 wt %. All the blends were cured at 150 °C with 40 wt % polyamide. The cured films of blend samples were checked for use them in coating applications.

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Chen, Gang, Wei Dong Liu, and Qing Dong Zhong. "Semiconducting Behavior of Organic Polymer Coating during its Degradation in 5‰ Sulfuric Acid Solution." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1932.

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In this paper, the semiconducting behavior of No.20 carbon steel coated with different polymer coating in 5‰ sulfuric acid solution was studied by utilizing potential-capacitance and Mott-Schottky analysis. It showed that in the same testing condition, the phenol aldehyde resin and epoxy resin showed n-type semiconducting behavior in 5‰ sulfuric acid, whereas for the alkyd resin, it showed p-type semiconducting behavior in 5‰ sulfuric acid solution. It was suggested that the space charge layer of the polymer coating in 5‰ sulfuric acid solution might be asymmetry. It was suggested that at the early stage of immersion, the polymer coating behaved as an insulator, with increasing immersion time, the coating transferred to P-type semiconductor, then to N-type semiconductor.

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Zhu, Long Biao, Wei Dong Liu, and Qing Dong Zhong. "Novel Electrochemical Behavior of Organic Polymer Coating in Alkaline Solution." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1962.

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The semiconducting behavior of No.20 carbon steel coated with different polymer coating in 5% sodium hydroxide solution was studied by utilizing potential-capacitance and Mott-Schottky analysis. Results showed that the phenol aldehyde resin and alkyd resin behaved as bipolar film, showed p-type semiconducting behavior at the potential range of -0.3V ~ -0.1V vs. SCE and as an n-type semiconductor at the potential range of 0V ~ 0.4V vs. SCE in 5% sodium hydroxide, whereas for the epoxy resin, it showed as an insulator in 5% sodium hydroxide solution at the same condition.

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Fahim Ansari, Mohammad, Gautam Sarkhel, Dipendra Nath Goswami, and Bangali Baboo. "Coating properties of shellac modified with synthesised epoxidised-novolac resin." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2013-0111.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the properties of shellac by blending with epoxidised novolac resin for its use as coating material for metal surfaces. Design/methodology/approach – Epoxidised-novolac resin was synthesised by epoxidation of novolac resin, which in turn was synthesised by reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The epoxidised-novolac resin was blended with different weight ratios of shellac ranging 10-50 weight per cent with an interval of 10 weight per cent. Films of the blends were studied for different coating properties using standard procedure. Findings – Significant improvement in coating properties of shellac such as gloss, scratch hardness and impact resistance was observed on blending with epoxidised novolac resin. Resistance towards water and alkali increased, while acid resistance decreased, with the increase in concentration of epoxidised novolac resin in the blends. Contact angle measurement revealed that blends showed more resistance towards polar solvent than non-polar ones. Research limitations/implications – Epoxidised-novolac resin used in the study was synthesised of epoxy equivalent of 187. Epoxidised-novolac resin of different epoxy equivalent can also be synthesised and used for blending and studying the properties. Practical implications – Blending of shellac with epoxidised-novolac resin improved the coating properties of shellac, which was further enhanced with the treatment of butylated melamine formaldehyde resin. The formulation can be used as coating material for metal surfaces. Originality/value – Blending of shellac with epoxidised-novolac resin was done for the first time. The formulation can be utilised for developing coating material for metal surfaces.

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Kathalewar, Mukesh, Anagha Sabnis, and Gulzar Waghoo. "Investigation of novel tri-functional epoxy resin derived from cardanol as partial replacement of BPA based epoxy in zinc rich primer." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 6 (November 3, 2014): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2013-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of triglycidyl resin (TGC) prepared from cardanol as partial replacement of conventional bis-phenol A (BPA) based epoxy resin for zinc rich primers (ZRPs). Design/methodology/approach The synthesis of new platform chemicals that are based on renewable resources has been accepted as a strategy to contribute to sustainable development due to the anticipated depletion of fossil oil reserves and rising oil prices. We prepared a tri-functional epoxy resin from cardanol which can be used as partial replacement of BPA based epoxy. The ZRPs were prepared using 50:50 ratio of TGC:BPA epoxy, and the coatings were evaluated for mechanical, chemical and anticorrosive properties. Findings The 50 per cent replacement of BPA based epoxy by TGC resulted in at par mechanical, chemical and anticorrosive properties as evaluated by various methods. The successful implementation can thus contribute to sustainable development by “green chemistry” route. Research limitations/implications The prepared TGC resin in the current work was studied for application in ZRPs. This can also be explored for high performance coatings, adhesives and other engineering applications. Practical implications The TGC binder was prepared by simple two-step reaction. This can successfully be used as binder for coating application without any modifications. Originality/value A novel approach of using green and ecofriendly TGC resin as replacement of high cost BPA based epoxy was explored and can be implemented for numerous applications.

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Sharma, Amrita, Devendra Agarwal, and Jagabir Singh. "Study of Curing Kinetics and Thermal Degradation of UV Curable Epoxy Acrylate Resin." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 4 (2008): 904–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/697371.

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Blends of epoxy acrylate resins (acid values 3, 6.5 & 10 mg KOH/gm Solid) with monofunctional monomers (ethoxylated phenol monoacrylate) were prepared by physical mixing, having weight ratio 50:50. These blends were cured by using UV radiations in presence of photo initiator (Darocure 1173). The thermal degradation kinetics of these resin blends were studied, using thermo gravimetric analysis in nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min. by applying Coats-Red fern equation. According to the analysis, all the coating films degrade in two steps. In the first step of degradation kinetics, R2M follows 1.75 order (n=1.75) and all other coating films follow second order (n=2) kinetics. In second step, R2M & R3M follow half order (n=0.5) kinetics and R1M follow first order (n=1) degradation kinetics. Order of the reaction is obtained on the basis of best fit analysis, and all the parameters were confirmed by regression analysis. From the reaction order, value of activation energy (E) and pre exponential factor (Z) were calculated by the slop and intercept of the plot between X and Y, respectively.

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Abdus Samad, Ubair, Mohammad Asif Alam, El-Sayed M. Sherif, Manawwar Alam, Hamid Shaikh, Nabeel H. Alharthi, and Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. "Synergistic Effect of Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles on Polypyrrole-Incorporated Epoxy/2pack Coatings and Their Corrosion Performances in Chloride Solutions." Coatings 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050287.

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In this study, two formulae (F1 and F2) of epoxy/2pack coatings incorporated with polypyrrole (PPy)-conducting polymer were produced from bisphenol-A type of epoxy resin (DGEBA) with the addition of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles. The synergism effect of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles on the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties was reported. The curing agent 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (ARADUR 3282-BD) was used under optimized stoichiometry values. The nanoparticles ratio in different wt.% were first dispersed in solvent by the sonication process and then added to epoxy/PPy composition. All the coated steel panels were cured at room temperature in a controlled dust free environment for 7 days in order to obtain a hard and intact coating. The dispersion of nano-size ZnO and Ag pigments was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and its composition through an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique. Conventional techniques and nano-indentation were also performed to observe the effect of ZnO and Ag synergism content on the hardness and modulus of elasticity at nano scale. The corrosion behavior of the coated samples was investigated at room temperature in 3.5% NaCl solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The synergism effect of nanoparticles along with PPy resulted in an enhancement of mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.

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Ostapenko, R. "Research of tribotechnical properties of antifriction polymer compositions." Problems of tribology 99, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-99-1-33-42.

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The analysis of antifriction polymer compositions on the basis of polyamide, epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde, furan resins, and also on the basis of fluoroplastic with various fillers working in friction knots is made. The influence of fillers on the mechanisms of friction is little studied, so when creating antifriction compositions capable of working in conditions of lubrication in water, the following tasks were set: to justify the number and type of fillers; to investigate the influence of fillers on the process of wear of material and counterbody; determine the optimal composition of the antifriction composition that provides minimal wear of the coating and the counterbody. The object of study were: compositions based on phenol-formaldehyde resin and fluoroplastic, modified with antifriction fillers; details of submersible pumps. The basis of the study was the study of tribotechnical and technological properties of polymer compositions. Based on the analysis of literature data, the target fillers for the creation of antifriction compositions for radial plain bearings and thrust bearings of submersible pumps are selected, their number and composition are substantiated. The criterion for optimization was the mass wear of the polymer coating and the counterbody. The optimal composition of the antifriction composition for radial plain bearings, which contains: a mixture of colloidal graphite Cl and carbon fabric "TGN-2M"; molybdenum disulfide DM-1; powder polyamide 12 APN-B; crushed prepreg comprising a fiberglass filler impregnated with a modified phenol-formaldehyde resin P2M. For thrust bearings, the optimal composition of the fluoroplastic composition is determined, which includes: fluoroplastic F4; molybdenum disulfide; carbon fabric; powdered copper. The physical and mechanical properties of the optimal composition are presented. Technological equipment has been developed for the restoration and manufacture of plain bearings and submersible pump bearings. Molds are made for industrial implementation.

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Jadhav, Rajendra S., Dilip G. Hundiwale, and Pramod P. Mahulikar. "Synthesis and characterization of phenol-formaldehyde microcapsules containing linseed oil and its use in epoxy for self-healing and anticorrosive coating." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 119, no. 5 (September 21, 2010): 2911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.33010.

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13

Czekajło, Marcin, Krzysztof Zakowski, Stefan Krakowiak, and Sławomir Kierepa. "Analysis of the Possibility of Using New Types of Protective Coatings and Abrasion-Resistant Linings under the Operating Conditions of the Spiral Classifier at KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. Ore Concentration Plant." Coatings 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091138.

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A study was carried out to select the appropriate coatings for corrosion protection of the spiral classifier working at KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. Ore Concentration Plant. The abrasion resistance of selected protective coatings and wear-resistant linings was investigated using a DT-523 rotary abrasion tester with Taber CS-10 rubber abrasive discs. The average weight loss of the coatings after a cycle of 2000 revolutions was determined. Tests of protective coatings using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique were carried out to determine the suitability of coatings in the highly saline environment of the aqueous suspension of ground copper ore. During the measurements, changes in resistance, polarising current and capacitance were determined as a function of time for the tested coatings. The linings selected on the basis of laboratory tests were also tested under industrial conditions. Their degrees of wear were characterised. The results obtained indicated the highest abrasion resistance of materials from the polyolefin group (polyethylenes), where the average weight loss did not exceed 5 g/dm2. In the case of protective coatings, the highest durability was demonstrated by coatings with additives of ceramic aggregates, phenol-epoxy, and an elastomeric coating based on polyurea, whose average weight loss during the test cycle did not exceed 19 g/dm2. EIS measurements showed that the tested coatings were resistant to the aggressive environment of the feedstock. Tests under cathodic polarisation conditions of the samples at a potential below the protection potential showed that they were resistant to a highly saline environment and were also resistant to its alkalinisation resulting from the application of cathodic protection, which will be used to protect the classifier together with protective coatings. Tests carried out under industrial conditions using wear-resistant linings made of plastics have made it possible to analyse the mechanism and degree of wear of the various materials during the operation of the classifier. Measurements of lining wear were made in relation to baseline volumes. Polyurethane, a polymer lining based on MDI and PTMG, and those made of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene with anti-stick additives showed the lowest wear rates.

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Fan, Chang Ling, Shao Chang Han, Ling Fang Li, Yong Mei Bai, Ke He Zhang, Jin Chen, and Xiang Zhang. "Structure and Electrochemical Performances of LiFePO₄/C Composite Cathode Coating with Different Carbon Sources for Lithium Ion Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.865.

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Three kinds of carbon resources, poly(vinyl alcohol), phenol-formaldehyde resin and epoxy resin, were used to prepare the LiFePO4/C composite (LFPC-1, LFPC-2, LFPC-3). XRD patterns show that the LFPC composites possess the typical olivine structure. The particle size and the reunited degree of LFPC-1 are smaller than those of LFPC-2 and LFPC-3. The discharge capacities of LFPC-1 at different C-rates are also much higher than those of the other two samples. Its discharge capacities at 0.1 C and 1 C are 158.8 mAh g-1and 136.20 mAh g-1. Its discharge curve can maintain the stable potential platform of 3.3 V at the rate of 1 C. LFPC-1 possesses the highest electrical conductivity of 5.76×10-2S•cm-1. This is because the ID/IG value of 1.20 in Raman spectra is much lower than that of LFPC-2 and LFPC-3. The selected area electron diffraction in the TEM of LFPC-1 shows directly that the graphitized carbon is formed on the cover surface of LFPC-1 composite.

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Cheng, Hua-Chi, Yu-Rung Peng, Chao-An Chung, Wei-Hsin Hou, and Zing-Way Pei. "Organic Thin Film Transiators on Synthesis Paper." MRS Proceedings 965 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0965-s06-16.

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ABSTRACTWe have demonstrated organic thin-film transistor devices on synthesis paper of polypropylene (PP). All the fabrications are in solution-based processes except electrodes. As a barrier and smoother layer, photosensitive epoxy, 5μm-thich was coated on the paper substrate by using slit die coating. Polyvinyl phenol (PVP) was mixed with poly (melamine-co-formaldehyde) methylated, filmed by spin coating and ultraviolet (UV) cross linked to provide the gate dielectric layer. Using poly (3-hexylthiophene) as an active layer, a high-performance organic transistor with field effect mobility up to 0.006 cm2/ V s and an on/off ratio of 50 can be achieved. For the applications in flexible and disposable electronics, to built organic transistors on a cheap synthesis paper substrate can extremely lower the cost.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Epoxy-Phenol-Coating'

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