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Journal articles on the topic 'Epoxy resins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Zhao, Yixin, Rui Xu, Yao Xiao, Hailou Wang, Wei Zhang, and Guangyu Zhang. "Mechanical Performances of Phenolic Modified Epoxy Resins at Room and High Temperatures." Coatings 12, no. 5 (2022): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050643.

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Epoxy is an important resin matrix and has been widely applied in laminated composites as a coating or adhesive material. In this article, the phenolic was applied to modify the mechanical properties of epoxy resin. The phenolic modified epoxy resins with various phenolic content were prepared via a polytetrafluoroethylene mould, and the phenolic modified epoxy-based plain woven laminated composites (PWLCs) were manufactured via vacuum assisted resin transfer method for further study of phenolic modified epoxy resins’ mechanical properties. The compression tests were performed perpendicularly

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2

Raj, Mahendrasinh, Jaykumar Maheta, and Lata Raj. "Synthesis characterization and application of hexafunctional epoxy resin and comparison against commercial epoxy resin." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221076721.

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Current study compares the various analytical results of hexafunctional epoxy resins based on bisphenol-A with conventional epoxy resins. Reaction of bisphenol-A, formaldehyde, and epichlorohydrin produces hexafunctional epoxy resin. The curing properties of commercial epoxy resin and hexafunctional epoxy resin were determined using a variety of hardeners, including diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, phenalkamine, polyamido amines, and polyamides. The epoxy equivalent weight (EEW), hydrolyzable chlorine content, volatile content, Brookfield viscosity, weight average molecular weight, el

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3

Deng, Lianli, Zehua Wang, Bailu Qu, Ying Liu, Wei Qiu, and Shaohe Qi. "A Comparative Study on the Properties of Rosin-Based Epoxy Resins with Different Flexible Chains." Polymers 15, no. 21 (2023): 4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214246.

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This study aims to reveal the effects of flexible chain lengths on rosin-based epoxy resin’s properties. Two rosin-based epoxy monomers with varying chain lengths were synthesized: AR-EGDE (derived from ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-modified acrylic acid rosin) and ARE (derived from acrylic acid rosin and epichlorohydrin). Diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with different flexible chain lengths were used as curing agents. The adhesion, impact, pencil hardness, flexibility, water and heat resistance, and weatherability of the epoxy resin

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4

Tian, Xiu Juan. "Thermal Stabilities and the Thermal Degradation Kinetics Study of the Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.263.

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Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of epoxy resins with 2-(Diphenylphosphinyl)-1, 4-benzenediol were investegated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates of 5 K/min, 10 K/min, 20 K/min and 40 K/min. The thermal degradation kinetic mechanism and models of the modified epoxy resins were determined by Coast Redfern method.The results showed that epoxy resins modified with the flame retardant had more thermal stability than pure epoxy resin. The solid-state decomposition mechanism of epoxy resin and the modified epoxy resin corresponded to the controlled dece

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5

Panthakkal Abdul Muthalif, Mohammed, and Youngson Choe. "Influence of Maleinized Polybutadiene on Adhesive Strength and Toughness of Epoxy Resins." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (December 28, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9517467.

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This study explored the effect of maleinized polybutadiene (MPB) on the mechanical properties of epoxy resins. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, an epoxy resin, was modified by incorporating MPB having different molecular weights in order to improve the fracture toughness and peel strength. MPB was mixed with epoxy resin at several concentrations (5, 10, and 15 phr), with the epoxy resin as the major phase and MPB as the minor phase. A comparative study was performed to investigate the influence of MPB on epoxy resins based on their molecular weight difference. Lap shear test results showed tha

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6

Jianwen, Zhou, Yi Rongjun, and Wang Hong. "Practical Technology of Toughening Epoxy Resin (II): Modification Effects of Special Engineering Plastics on Epoxy Resin." American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing 9, no. 1 (2024): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20240901.12.

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The effects of Special engineering plastics (SEP) such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polysulfone (PSF), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyaromatic (PAR) on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of epoxy resins were studied in this paper. The engineering plastics with rigid and active elements produce differential phase in the epoxy curing process, which can absorb energy under stress, prevent micro-crack diffusion, and improve the mechanical properties of epoxy resin, including tensile, compression and

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7

Shen, Dejian, Xueran Pi, Lili Cai, Xin Wang, Chunying Wu, and Ruixin Liu. "Investigation of Adsorption and Young’s Modulus of Epoxy Resin–Sand Interfaces Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Applied Sciences 14, no. 22 (2024): 10383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142210383.

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Epoxy resins exhibit outstanding curability, durability, and environmental compatibility, rendering them extensively utilized in the realm of engineering curing. Nevertheless, the current curing mechanism of epoxy-based resins in cohesion with sand remains inadequately elucidated, significantly impeding their applicability within the domain of soil curing. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the adsorption behavior of three distinct types of epoxy resins on the sand surface: diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin (DGEBA), diglycidyl ether 4,4′-dihydroxy diphe

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8

YÜKSEL, Orçun, Eren YILDIRIM, Oğuz YÜCEL, and Serkan EMİK. "Synthesis and Investigation of Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Urethane-Containing Epoxy Resins." Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering 6, no. 2 (2023): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.58692/jotcsb.1309480.

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This study aims to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy-based materials. For this purpose, the structure of epoxy resins was changed by chemical modification and epoxy resin containing urethane was synthesized. The synthesized resin was blended with commercial epoxy resin at the ratios of 25%, 50%, 75% by weight and hardened by curing. The thermal and mechanical properties of urethane-containing epoxy materials prepared in different proportions were compared with those produced from commercial epoxy resin. The structural characterization of the prepared materials was investig

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9

Su, Linna, Changfa Fang, and Huanzhong Luo. "Functionalized montmorillonite/epoxy resin nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties." RSC Advances 14, no. 42 (2024): 31251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra03125c.

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The poor interaction between the hydrophilic montmorillonite and hydrophobic epoxy resins leads to agglomeration of montmorillonite within epoxy resins, which finally results in poor macro properties of the epoxy resin nanocomposites.

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10

Chen, Chunfu. "Sustainable Bio-Based Epoxy Technology Progress." Processes 13, no. 4 (2025): 1256. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13041256.

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Sustainable bio-based epoxy technology is developed by using bio-based epoxy materials instead of conventional fossil-derived ones. Significant progress in new bio-based epoxy material development on bio-based epoxy resins, curing agents, and additives, as well as bio-based epoxy formulated products, has been achieved recently not only in fundamental academic studies but also in industrial product development. There are mainly two types of bio-based epoxy resins: conventional epoxy resins and novel epoxy resins, depending on the epoxy resin building-block type used. Bio-based conventional epox

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11

Agbo, Philip, Abhijeet Mali, Dongyang Deng, and Lifeng Zhang. "Bio-Oil-Based Epoxy Resins from Thermochemical Processing of Sustainable Resources: A Short Review." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 9 (2023): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7090374.

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Epoxy is the most prevalent thermosetting resin in the field of polymer composite materials. There has been a growing interest in the development of bio-based epoxy resins as a sustainable alternative to conventional petrochemical epoxy resins. Advances in this field in recent years have included the use of various renewable resources, such as vegetable oils, lignin, and sugars, as direct precursors to produce bio-based epoxy resins. In the meantime, bio-oils have been produced via the decomposition of biomass through thermochemical conversion and mainly being used as renewable liquid fuels. I

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12

Bratychak, Michael, Olena Shust, Olena Astakhova, and Olena Shyshchak. "Chemical Modification of Dianic Epoxy Resin by Fluorine-Containing Alcohols." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 3 (2009): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.03.191.

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New epoxy resins with fluorine atoms have been synthesized via chemical modification of dianic epoxy resin with fluorine-containing alhocols-telomers C7, C9 and C13, using benzyltriethylammonium chloride and KOH as a catalyst system. Their characteristics have been examined. The structure of synthesized products has been confirmed by IR-spectroscopy. It has been shown that new epoxy resins may be used as active plasticizers for industrial epoxy resin.

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13

Yao, Da Hu, Yu Qing Zhang, and Joong Hee Lee. "Increasing Cryogenic Strength of Epoxy Resin Modified by Reactive Macroglycol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 2056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.2056.

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A bisphenol-A glycidol ether epoxy resin was toughened in cryogenic temperature using reactive macroglycol as modifiers. The properties of modified epoxy resin were characterized by SEM and DMA. Phase-separated structure formed during curing process in the PPG and PTMG modified epoxy resins system, and did not occurred in the PEO modified epoxy resins system. The impact strength of epoxy resin increased at both room temperature (RT) and cryogenic temperature (CT, 77 K) using PEO as modifier. The DMA results confirm that the introduction of PEO chains in the structure of the epoxy increases the

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14

Huang, Ruodong, Chao Gao, Fusheng Zhou, Jiahe Yu, and Hao Yang. "Mechanical properties analysis of cross-linked epoxy resin." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2783, no. 1 (2024): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2783/1/012054.

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Abstract For this study, bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) was used as the resin matrix, and 3,3’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (33DDS) was used as the curing agent. The effects of different cross-linking densities on the mechanical properties of epoxy resins were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and the changes in the mechanical properties of epoxy resins under five different cross-linking density levels were predicted [1]. The results showed that as the cross-linking density of the epoxy resin increased, the mechanical parameters (such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulu

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15

Sun, Jia Ying, Yan Qing Li, Wei Tian, and Cheng Yan Zhu. "Study on the Resin Curing Time and the Mechanical Properties of the Composites." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.33.

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In order to study the curing characteristics of common resins including bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester resin, phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin and unsaturated polyester resin, the curing time of three resins was tested using cobalt naphthenate as accelerator and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as curing agent. The results showed that the resin curing time reduces with the experimental temperature rising; in order to control the curing time at about 25 minutes when the experimental temperature is 23°C, the curing agent adding proportion of bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester resin, unsaturated polyester

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16

Zhang, Kun, Jinrui Huang, Yigang Wang, Wenbin Li, and Xiaoan Nie. "Eco-Friendly Epoxy-Terminated Polyurethane-Modified Epoxy Resin with Efficient Enhancement in Toughness." Polymers 15, no. 13 (2023): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132803.

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Polyurethane is widely used to toughen epoxy resins due to its excellent comprehensive properties and compatibility. However, some demerits of polyurethanes limit their applications, such as the harsh storage condition of isocyanate-terminated polyurethane (ITPU), the limited amount of ITPU in epoxy resin, and using solvents during the preparation of polyurethane-modified epoxy resins. To address these issues, in this study, we reported a facile and green approach for preparing epoxy-terminated polyurethane (EPU)-modified epoxy resins with different EPU contents. It was found that the toughnes

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17

Kobayashi, Masahiko, Kyoko Tukamoto, and Bunichiro Tomita. "Application of Liquefied Wood to a New Resin System—Synthesis and Properties of Liquefied Wood/Epoxy Resins." Holzforschung 54, no. 1 (2000): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2000.014.

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Summary A new resin system was developed by reacting liquefied wood with various epoxy compounds. Examination of the optimum conditions for the synthesis of the resins, and the behavior of liquefied wood in the cured resins were undertaken. Generally, the compatibility and film forming performance of liquefied wood/epoxy resins became better as the wood content increased. The presence of only one broad dispersion peak, due to the glass transition, was observed during dynamic mechanical measurement of resin films suggesting that the different components of the resin were compatible. The glass t

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18

Tuohedi, Nuerjiamali, and Qingyue Wang. "Preparation and Evaluation of Epoxy Resin Prepared from the Liquefied Product of Cotton Stalk." Processes 9, no. 8 (2021): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081417.

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Liquefaction of waste lignocellulosic biomass is a viable technology for replacing fossil fuels and meeting sustainable development goals. In this study, bio-based epoxy resins were prepared from polyhydric-alcohol-liquefied cotton stalk by glycidyl etherification. The cotton stalk was liquefied in a polyethylene glycol/glycerol cosolvent under H2SO4 catalysis. Epon 828 and cotton-stalk-based epoxy resins could be cured using methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride as the curing agent, and the curing process was exothermic. The thermal properties and tensile strength of cured resins were investigate

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19

Feofilovs, Maksims, Kriss Spalvins, and Karlis Valters. "Bibliometric Review of State-of-the-art Research on Microbial Oils’ Use for Biobased Epoxy." Environmental and Climate Technologies 27, no. 1 (2023): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2023-0012.

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Abstract Epoxy resins are widely used polymers from which a variety of products are derived and applied in many industries. Most epoxy resins are still obtained from mainly fossil feedstocks, such as epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, which are also highly toxic. Additionally, fossil derived epoxy resin products are forming non-biodegradable waste at their end of life. Recently the number of studies aiming to find solutions and other raw materials for the replacement of fossil derived epoxy resins has increased, showing that bio-based epoxy resins are a promising alternative. An interesting alte

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20

Matykiewicz, Danuta, and Katarzyna Skórczewska. "Characteristics and Application of Eugenol in the Production of Epoxy and Thermosetting Resin Composites: A Review." Materials 15, no. 14 (2022): 4824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144824.

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The review article presents an analysis of the properties of epoxy and thermosetting resin composites containing eugenol derivatives. Moreover, eugenol properties were characterized using thermogravimeters (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of using eugenol derivatives in polymer composites based on thermoset resins, which can be used as eco-friendly high-performance materials. Eugenol has been successfully used in the production of epoxy composites as a component of coupling agents, epoxy monomers, flame retardants,

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21

Kobayashi, M., Y. Hatano, and B. Tomita. "Viscoelastic Properties of Liquefied Wood/Epoxy Resin and its Bond Strength." Holzforschung 55, no. 6 (2001): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.108.

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Summary A new resin system, in which liquefied wood was reacted with various epoxy compounds, was previously developed. This paper reports the syntheses of two types of liquefied wood/epoxy resins with the ratio of liquefied wood to epoxy compounds (L/E ratio) of either 1/0.5 or 1/1. Furthermore, the viscoelastic properties obtained from the dynamic mechanical measurements of the cured resins and their adhesive bond properties measured as tensile shear strength are reported. The results from dynamic mechanical measurements indicated that the resins with a L/E ratio of 1/0.5 could be cured at 9

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22

Panthakkal Abdul Muthalif, Mohammed, and Youngson Choe. "Adhesive and Impact-Peel Strength Improvement of Epoxy Resins Modified with Mono and Diamine Functionalized Elastomers." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2309235.

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Epoxy resins are widely applied in the automotive and electronic industries. However, pure epoxy resins are brittle and thus possess poor mechanical properties. Herein, we report a facile method for improving the impact-peel and adhesive strengths of epoxy resins via the incorporation of two different types of polyether amines (monoamine-based and diamine-based prepolymers). A comparative study was performed to investigate the potential advantages of incorporating a prepolymer into an epoxy resin matrix. It was discovered that the incorporation of a diamine prepolymer significantly improved th

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23

Jang, Jeong Beom, Tae Hee Kim, Taeyoon Kim, et al. "Modified Epoxy Resin Synthesis from Phosphorus—Containing Polyol and Physical Changes Studies in the Synthesized Products." Polymers 11, no. 12 (2019): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122116.

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Epoxy resins are commonly used to manufacture the molding compounds, reinforced plastics, coatings, or adhesives required in various industries. However, the demand for new epoxy resins has increased to satisfy diverse industrial requirements such as enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability, or electrical properties. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized new epoxy resin (PPME) by modifying phosphorous-containing polyol. The prepared resin was analyzed and added to epoxy compositions in various quantities. The compositions were cured at high temperatures to obtain plastics to furthe

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24

Das, Abhishek, and Gautam Sarkhel. "Effect of stoichiometric ratios for synthesized epoxy phenolic novolac (EPN) resins on their physicochemical, thermomechanical and morphological properties." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 4 (2016): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2014-0060.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of various stoichiometric ratios for synthesised epoxy phenolic novolac (EPN) resins on their physicochemical, thermomechanical and morphological properties. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, EPN (EPN-1, EPN-2, EPN-3, EPN-4 and EPN-5) resins were synthesised by varying five types of different stoichiometric ratios for phenol/formaldehyde along with the corresponding molar ratios for novolac/epichlorohydrin. Their different physicochemical properties of interest, thermomechanical properties as well as morphological propert

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25

Ahmed, Murtala Musa, Noor Shawal Nasri, Rahmat Mohsin, Usman Dadum Hamza, and Jibril Mohammed. "Preparation of Epoxy-Novolac Resin Binder Using Phenolic Rich Fractions of Biomass Pyrolytic Oil as Partial Substitute of Phenol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.101.

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Epoxy resins are among the basic components for coatings manufacture but because of their cost and environment effects, some environmental protection regulations have restricted the use of chemicals considered toxic. The potential of using phenolic rich fractions of bio-oil derived from the pyrolysis of a sustainable agricultural waste for epoxy resin synthesis was investigated. Epoxy resins with different concentration of water-insoluble heavy fraction were synthesized. The bio-oil, heavy fraction and prepared resins were later characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Gas Chrom

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Wen, Yong, Xudong Liu, and Lang Liu. "Improving Epoxy Resin Performance Using PPG and MDI by One-Step Modification." Processes 10, no. 5 (2022): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050929.

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The toughening modification of epoxy resin by polyurethane prepolymer (PU) can effectively solve the disadvantage of high brittleness in its application. In this study, a convenient way to toughen epoxy resins was explored, and the monomers PPG and MDI for the synthesis of polyurethane prepolymers were used for a one-step modification of epoxy resins. The test results of viscosity and elongation at break showed that P-M reduced the viscosity of the epoxy resin and improved the toughness. Especially when the content of P-M was 25%, the elongation at the break of the modified EP reached 196.56%.

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27

Tang, Xinyuan, Ming Hu, Xiaoran Liu, Yanyun Li, Junying Zhang, and Jue Cheng. "Preparation of Chiral Epoxy Resins and the Optically Active Cured Products." Advances in Polymer Technology 2023 (October 14, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6612220.

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Chirality is one of the most common and significant phenomenon in nature, and epoxy resin is one of the most widely used and researched thermosetting resins, however the influences of chiral carbon in epoxy group on the performances of the cured epoxy resins have ever been hardly studied, therefore it is crucial and meaningful to explore the structure–function relationship of chirality and performance of epoxy resins. Herein, from the analysis of synthesis mechanism, the different chiral configuration with high percent enantiomeric excess (>99%) and racemic bisphenol A epoxy resins were sim

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Li, Qian, Yujie Li, Yifan Chen, Qiang Wu, and Siqun Wang. "An Effective Method for Preparation of Liquid Phosphoric Anhydride and Its Application in Flame Retardant Epoxy Resin." Materials 14, no. 9 (2021): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092205.

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A novel liquid phosphorous-containing flame retardant anhydride (LPFA) with low viscosity was synthesized from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) and further cured with bisphenol-A epoxy resin E-51 for the preparation of the flame retardant epoxy resins. Both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements revealed the successful incorporation of DOPO on the molecular chains of MeTHPA through chemical reaction. The oxygen index analysis showed that t

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Tosti, Antonella, Liliana Guerra, Colombina Vincenzi, and Anna Maria Peluso. "Occupational Skin Hazards from Synthetic Plastics." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 3 (1993): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900308.

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Epoxy and acrylic resins have numerous industrial applications but are also widely used in the household environment. These compounds are presently one of the most important sources of occupational contact dermatitis. Contact sensitization to epoxy resins is usually caused by the resin itself but hardeners or other additives, such as reactive diluents, plasticizers, fillers and pigments, can occasionally be responsible. Since completely cured epoxy resins are not sensitizers, epoxy resin sensitization is always due to the presence, in the final polymer, of uncured allergenic low molecular weig

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The use of Some Aliphatic Halorgano antimony Compounds as combustion Retarding agents of Unsaturated Polyester and Epoxy Resins." Baghdad Science Journal 7, no. 4 (2010): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.7.4.1389-1394.

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Four antimony compounds were used in this inves as additives to retard combustion of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins, namely: 1. Tetraethyl ammonium tribromoethylantimonates (additive I). 2. Tetraethyl ammonium chlorodibromoethylantimonates (additive II). 3. Tetraethyl ammonium trichloroethylantimonates (additive III). 4. Tetraethyl ammonium bromodichloroethylantimonates (additive IV). The effects of these additives on flammability of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins have been studied by using sheets of the resins with weight percentages of (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5&3.0%) of the ad

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Dabagh, Areej Kamal A. AL. "The use of Some Aliphatic Halorgano antimony Compounds as combustion Retarding agents of Unsaturated Polyester and Epoxy Resins." Baghdad Science Journal 7, no. 4 (2010): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2010.7.4.1389-1394.

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Four antimony compounds were used in this inves as additives to retard combustion of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins, namely: 1. Tetraethyl ammonium tribromoethylantimonates (additive I). 2. Tetraethyl ammonium chlorodibromoethylantimonates (additive II). 3. Tetraethyl ammonium trichloroethylantimonates (additive III). 4. Tetraethyl ammonium bromodichloroethylantimonates (additive IV). The effects of these additives on flammability of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins have been studied by using sheets of the resins with weight percentages of (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5&3.0%) of the ad

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Song, Lingxia, Yeyun Meng, Peng Lv, Weiqu Liu, and Hao Pang. "Preparation of a Dmap-Catalysis Lignin Epoxide and the Study of Its High Mechanical-Strength Epoxy Resins with High-Biomass Content." Polymers 13, no. 5 (2021): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050750.

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The depletion of limited petroleum resources used for the fabrication of epoxy resins calls for the development of biomass-based epoxides as promising alternatives to petroleum-derived epoxides. However, it is challenging to obtain an epoxy resin with both high lignin content and excellent mechanical performance. Herein, a 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-lignin epoxide with a certain epoxy value and a small molecular weight is obtained by the catalysis of DMAP for the macromolecular lignin. It was discovered that compared to the prepared composite resin of benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC

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Jiang, Jianliang, Jingbo Shen, Xiao Yang, Dongqi Zhao, and Yakai Feng. "Epoxy-Functionalized POSS and Glass Fiber for Improving Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042461.

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To improve the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resins, epoxy-functionalized POSS (E-POSS) and glass fiber (GF) were used to reinforce epoxy resin (E51) composites. The tensile, thermo-mechanical, fractured, and thermal tests were carried out to characterize these hybrid materials. The results show that E-POSS and GF could significantly improve the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy resins due to high crosslink density of resin matrix and synergistic interaction between the epoxy resin, E-POSS, and GF. Compared with the pure E51 resin, the tensile strength of the E51 + E-POSS

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Nguyen, Huu Hieu, Dae Woo Lee, Quang Trung Troung, et al. "Effects of Graphene on a Resin Transfer Molding Process Using Bisphenol A Based Epoxy Resin." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.535.

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Resin transfer molding is a popular process to fabricate polymer composites reinforced with a large amount of glass or carbon fibers. In general, fiber reinforcements are put in a mold, and a liquid resin such as epoxy resin is injected into the mold after preheating. For successful production of polymer composites via a resin transfer molding process, the filling and curing stages of the liquid resin as well as the mold design should be optimized. Recently, polymer composites reinforced with nanoparticles are attracting attention of researchers in academia and industries because efficient rei

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Starovoitova, Irina, and Rustem Nizamiev. "Epoxy and epoxy novolac adhesive binders for structural reinforcement systems of building structures." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127404012.

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Today, along with the conventional materials and technologies for reinforcement of building structures, structural reinforcement systems based on polymer composites are on the rise. A structural reinforcement system consists of reinforcing filler (normally, carbon fiber fabric or cloth) and adhesive binder. This paper investigated the modification of epoxy nobake adhesive binders to provide a higher thermal resistance and mechanical strength. The influence of epoxy novolac resins on the processing and physical mechanical properties of adhesives, thermal resistance is studied. It is found that

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Eliaz, Noam, Eliora Ron, Michael Gozin, Sara Younger, Dvora Biran, and Noam Tal. "Microbial Degradation of Epoxy." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112123.

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Epoxy resins have a wide range of applications, including in corrosion protection of metals, electronics, structural adhesives, and composites. The consumption of epoxy resins is predicted to keep growing in the coming years. Unfortunately, thermoset resins cannot be recycled, and are typically not biodegradable. Hence, they pose environmental pollution risk. Here, we report degradation of epoxy resin by two bacteria that are capable of using epoxy resin as a sole carbon source. These bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from areas around an epoxy and polyurethanes manufacturing

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Liu, Weibo, Caiyun Wang, Yu Feng, et al. "Novel Reactive Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Reinforced and Toughened Epoxy Resins for Advanced Composites." Polymers 16, no. 13 (2024): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16131877.

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Most toughening methods for epoxy resins are usually used at the expense of other properties. Some polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) with both a rigid Si-O-Si structure and flexible organic chain segments could be expected to be effective toughening agents. In this study, three reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes with a thiol group (OMPPS), a carboxyl group (OCOPS), and an epoxy group (OGCPS) were synthesized and characterized. They were utilized as modifiers to toughen 3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-N,N-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)aniline (AFG-90MH)/4,4′-methylenebis(2-ethylaniline)

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Zhang, Yuan, Xuemei Liu, Mengting Wan, Yanjie Zhu, and Kan Zhang. "Recent Development of Functional Bio-Based Epoxy Resins." Molecules 29, no. 18 (2024): 4428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184428.

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The development of epoxy resins is mainly dependent on non-renewable petroleum resources, commonly diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA)-type epoxy monomers. Most raw materials of these thermoset resins are toxic to the health of human beings. To alleviate concerns about the environment and health, the design and synthesis of bio-based epoxy resins using biomass as raw materials have been widely studied in recent decades to replace petroleum-based epoxy resins. With the improvement in the requirements for the performance of bio-based epoxy resins, the design of bio-based epoxy resins with uniqu

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Rahmah, Mohammad, Syuhaimi Ab Rahman Mohammad, Mohamed Shaktur Khaled, Nawi Norwimie, and Faiza Mohd Ahmad. "Degradation Behaviour and Kinetics of UV Cured Epoxidised Soybean Oil Derivatives." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.94.

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Green resins based from sustainable resources are a requirement nowadays to replace non environmental coatings. Low (VOC) content epoxy which competes with conventional well established coating and high price could be derived from oil. UV curable resin is typically low VOC systems and offer advantages of rapid ambient cross linking and more energy efficient. Epoxy resins must have fast curing and low shrinkage upon cure which will give advantages to devices performance but epoxy resins are expensive and hence renewable resources from vegetable or non food oil can be used as raw materials.

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Iadarola, Andrea, Pietro Di Matteo, Raffaele Ciardiello, et al. "Mechanical Characterization of Cardanol Bio-Based Epoxy Resin Blends: Effect of Different Bio-Contents." Polymers 17, no. 3 (2025): 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17030296.

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This study investigates the impact of an increased bio-content on the mechanical properties of bio-based epoxy resins. Cardanol-based epoxy and novolac resins (65% and 84% bio-content, respectively) were combined with two commercial cardanol-based epoxy systems to achieve higher total bio-contents. Quasi-static tensile tests showed that resin blends with up to 40% bio-content maintain tensile properties comparable to traditional formulations, with a glass transition temperature (Tg) suitable for automotive requirements. The results highlight that an increased bio-content enhances flexibility a

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OTA, Kazumasa. "Epoxy Resins." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 95, no. 8 (2022): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.95.244.

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TANAKA, Ryohei. "Epoxy Resins." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 64, no. 10 (1991): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.64.655.

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Lorero, Isaac, Blanca Rico, Mónica Campo, and Silvia G. Prolongo. "Novel Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets by Blending with Reversible Diels–Alder Epoxy Resin." Polymers 16, no. 22 (2024): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16223205.

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The introduction of Diels–Alder (D-A) bonds into epoxy resins is a promising pathway to convert these unrecyclable materials into sustainable materials. However, D-A bonds make epoxy resins extremely brittle materials and hinder their practical usability. Nonetheless, the reversibility of D-A bonds allows the transition of the material to a de-crosslinked network formed by separated oligomers that can melt above 90–100 °C. This means that D-A epoxy resins can be reprocessed after being cured like thermoplastics. In the present work, a thermoset blend is made by adding spent epoxy particles to

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Sprenger, Stephan. "Nanosilica-Toughened Epoxy Resins." Polymers 12, no. 8 (2020): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081777.

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Surface-modified silica nanoparticles are available as concentrates in epoxy resins in industrial quantities for nearly 20 years. Meanwhile, they are used in many epoxy resin formulations for various applications like fiber-reinforced composites, adhesives or electronic components; even in space vehicles like satellites. Some of the drawbacks of “classic” epoxy toughening using elastomers as a second phase, like lower modulus or a loss in strength can be compensated by using nanosilica together with such tougheners. Apparently, there exists a synergy as toughness and fatigue performance are in

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Zhang, Lichen, Deqi Yi, and Jianwei Hao. "Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complex as flame retardant for char-forming epoxy resins." Journal of Fire Sciences 38, no. 4 (2020): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904120911722.

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The flame retardant poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complex and the curing agent m-Phenylenediamine were blended into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-type epoxy resin to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resin thermosets. The effects of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate on fire retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of epoxy resins (EP)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate composites were tested by Limiting Oxygen Index, UL-94, cone calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric analysis and compared with pure EP. The results showed t

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Liang, Huan, Wendi Tian, Hongtu Xu, et al. "Reprocessable Epoxy–Anhydride Resin Enabled by a Thermally Stable Liquid Transesterification Catalyst." Polymers 16, no. 22 (2024): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16223216.

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Introducing dynamic ester bonds into epoxy–anhydride resins enhances the reprocessability of the crosslinked network, facilitated by various types of transesterification catalysts. However, existing catalysts, such as metal salts and organic molecules, often struggle with dispersion, volatility, or structural instability issues. Here, we propose to solve such problems by incorporating a liquid-state, thermally stable transesterification catalyst into epoxy resins. This catalyst, an imidazole derivative, can be uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin at room temperature. In addition, it shows hi

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Zhang, Daijun, Gang Liu, Hui Zhang, et al. "Rheological Properties of Al2O3 Nanoparticle Toughened Epoxy Resins." Advanced Composites Letters 22, no. 5 (2013): 096369351302200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351302200502.

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The effect of nanoparticle content on the rheological properties of toughened epoxy resins was studied by measuring the isothermal viscosity-time curves of Al2O3 nanoparticle toughened epoxy resin at different temperatures. The chemorheological properties of toughened epoxy resin systems were analysed using the Dual-Arrhenius equation and a corresponding chemorheological model was established. The model agrees well with the experimental results and provides a theoretical basis for rational development of parameters for Al2O3 nanoparticle toughened epoxy resin based composite molding processes.

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Poloz, O. Yu, O. V. Prosyanik, O. K. Farat, and Yu R. Ebich. "Evaluation of the activity of amine hardeners of epoxy resins." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 2 (April 2024): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2024-153-2-83-89.

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With the appearance of new epoxy resins and amines, which are widely used for hardening epoxy compositions using energy-saving technology (at "ordinary" temperatures), on the world market, the targeted selection of these materials to provide the desired technological and operational properties becomes relevant. In order to predictively choose amine hardeners for epoxy resins, their quantum-chemical calculations were performed using the semi-empirical parameterized 3 (PM3) method. The energy value of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of amines and the absolute value of the energy ga

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Sukanto, Heru, Wijang Wisnu Raharjo, Dody Ariawan, Joko Triyono, and Mujtahid Kaavesina. "Epoxy resins thermosetting for mechanical engineering." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (2021): 797–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0078.

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Abstract This review presents various types of epoxy resins and curing agents commonly used as composite matrices. A brief review of cross-linking formation and the process of degradation or decomposition of epoxy resins by pyrolysis and solvolysis is also discussed. Mechanical engineers are given a brief overview of the types of epoxy resin, which are often applied as composite matrices considering that they currently play a large role in the research, design, manufacturing, and recycling of these materials.

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Atta, Ayman M. "Epoxy Resin Based on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste: Synthesis and Characterization." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 19, no. 1 (2003): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060301900102.

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Aromatic epoxy resin based on poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, was synthesised by glycolysis of PET with different ratios of diethanolamine or triethanolamine and manganese acetate as a catalyst. The glycolyzed products were reacted with epichlorohydrine to prepare a series of di- and tetraglycidyl epoxy resins with different molecular weights. P-Phenylene diamine and diaminodiphenylether were used as curing agents. The curing reactions and thermal properties of cured aromatic epoxy resins were investigated. Curing and post cure peaks were observed in dynamic DSC thermograms. The crosslinked

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