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Alansari, B., and T. Alali. "Psychometric properties of eysenck personality questionnaire-revised (EPQ-R) short scale in Arabic among undergraduates in Kuwait." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1990.
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IntroductionThe 48-item EPQR-S is a short version of EPQ-R widely used to assess neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), psychoticism (P) and Lie scale (L) for research purposes. The EPQR-S was chosen for the Arab population because it is a well-established Eysenck theory of personality.ObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic EPQR-S.MethodsThe EPQ-R S, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO–FFI-3) were administered to 1842 (538 males, 1304 females) Kuwait University undergraduates with a mean age = 20.42 ± 1.42. The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the EPQR-S with EPQ and NEO–FFI-3 were assessed.ResultsCronbach’s alpha was satisfactory for N (0.76), E (0.72), L (0.70) and low for P. (0.60). The results revealed significant gender differences in P & E with a favor for males and in N & L a favor with females. PCA showed that EPQR-S four factors explains 52.48% of the total variance. Moreover, the high correlations between the EPQR-S and EPQ scales, with coefficients of (0.92) for the N, (0.88) for the E, (0.78) for the L, and (0.76) for the P as the majority of items of the dimensions of the EPQR-S are the same with those of the EPQ. Furthermore, there were high correlations between the same scales of the EPQR-S and NEO–FFI-3, with coefficients of (0.67) for the N scales, and (0.52) for the E scales.ConclusionsThe findings support the psychometric properties N, E, L scales only.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Ruch, Willibald. "Die revidierte Fassung des Eysenck Personality Questionnaire und die Konstruktion des deutschen EPQ-R bzw. EPQ-RK." Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie 20, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0170-1789.20.1.1.
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Zusammenfassung: Der Bericht beschreibt die Konstruktion der deutschen Standard- und Kurzfassung des Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-revised (EPQ-R) von Eysenck und Eysenck (1991) . Eine Pilotform des EPQ mit 140 Items wurde 2914 Probanden vorgelegt. Eine Faktorenanalyse der 100 Items der englischen Fassung erbringt in zwei nach Geschlecht getrennten Analysestichproben (N ≅ 800) jeweils die Eysenck'schen Superfaktoren. Die Ladungen der P-Skala erweisen sich jedoch durch Unterschiede in der Itemschwierigkeit verzerrt, so daß eine Analyse mit maximumskorrigierten Koeffizienten durchgeführt wird. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse von Faktoren- und Itemanalysen werden die 102 bzw. 50 Items der deutschen Fassung bzw. deutschen Kurzfassung EPQ-RK ermittelt. Die Kennwerte werden in einer Replikationsstichprobe abgesichert. Die Skalen erweisen sich als reliabel; während die innere Konsistenz der P-Skala geringer ausfällt, sind die Retest- und Testhalbierungsreliabilitäten der Kurz- und Standardskala gut. Die Alters- und Geschlechtsunterschiede der englischen Fassung können reproduziert werden (N = 2600), wobei jedoch die Werte der P-Skala im Vergleich zur englischen Stichprobe deutlich erhöht sind. Die Äquivalenz der Skalen E, N und L mit der Vorgängerversion EPI kann belegt werden. Ferner bestehen auch die erwarteten Beziehungen zu Impulsivität und Abenteuerlust.
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García-González, Juan Manuel, Juan José Fernández-Muñoz, Esperanza Vergara-Moragues, and Luis Miguel García-Moreno. "Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated: invariance gender in Spanish university students." Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology 19, no. 53 (April 1, 2021): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v19i53.3527.
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Introduction. This article has two objectives: a) to examine the factorial structure of the Spanish version of the EPQR-A through an exploratory factor analysis and b) to perform a confirmatory factor analysis to determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the EPQR-A in terms of construct validity in an adult academic population. Method: The sample was 826 university undergraduate students volunteered to complete the Spanish version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated (EPQR-A) and to examine the concurrent validity of the EPQR-A, the Spanish version of the questionnaire Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX-Sp). We applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results. The instrument demonstrated good psychometric properties and reinforcing the original dimensional structure of the scale. The EPQR-A has psychometric characteristics comparable to longer questionnaires, such as the EPQ-R; therefore, it has great suitability when inserted into more extensive protocols. Conclusion. The differences between males and females allow us to affirm that in late adolescence and early youth, promotion, prevention, and intervention health strategies differentiated by gender should be conducted.
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Wray, Naomi R., Andrew J. Birley, Patrick F. Sullivan, Peter M. Visscher, and Nicholas G. Martin. "Genetic and Phenotypic Stability of Measures of Neuroticism Over 22 Years." Twin Research and Human Genetics 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.10.5.695.
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AbstractPeople meeting diagnostic criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders tend to score high on the personality scale of neuroticism. Studying this dimension of personality can therefore give insights into the etiology of important psychiatric disorders. Neuroticism can be assessed easily via self-report questionnaires in large population samples. We have examined the genetic and phenotypic stability of neuroticism, measured up to 4 times over 22 years, on different scales, on a data set of 4999 families with over 20,000 individuals completing at least 1 neuroticism questionnaire. The neuroticism scales used were the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire revised (EPQ-R), the EPQ-R shortened form, and the NEO 5 factor inventory personality questionnaire. The estimates of heritability of the individual measures ranged from .26 ± .04 to .36 ± .03. Genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations averaged .91, .42, and .57 respectively. Despite the range in heritabilities, a more parsimonious ‘repeatability model’ of equal additive genetic variances and genetic correlations of unity could not be rejected. Use of multiple measures increases the effective heritability from .33 for a single measure to .43 for mean score because of the reduction in the estimate of the environmental variance, and this will increase power in genetic linkage or association studies of neuroticism.
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Rawlings, David, and Brock Bastian. "Painting Preference and Personality, with Particular Reference to Gray's Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Approach Systems." Empirical Studies of the Arts 20, no. 2 (July 2002): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/73uq-50qu-uatw-ry5e.
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Gray's (1991) neurobiological systems–the behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS)–have been operationalized by Carver and White (1994) in their BIS/BAS Questionnaire. In the present study, 129 undergraduate students completed the BIS/BAS Questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised (EPQ-R), and Zuckerman's Impulsive Sensation Seeking Scale. They also rated 72 paintings previously divided into two stylistic (Abstract and Traditional) and five content (Erotic, Pleasant, Neutral, Violent, Unpleasant) categories. As hypothesized, scores on the BIS were negatively associated with liking for Unpleasant and Violent paintings; scores on the BAS predicted liking for Pleasant and Neutral paintings, though this was due almost entirely to the BAS Reward Responsiveness sub-scale. Sensation Seeking, EPQ-R Psychoticism, and the BAS Fun-Seeking sub-scale predicted liking for Abstract stimuli, and disliking for Unpleasant and Violent paintings. Our results provide evidence that Gray's constructs can be usefully applied to the area of aesthetic preference.
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Alexopoulos, D. S., and Ioannis Kalaitzidis. "Psychometric properties of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) Short Scale in Greece." Personality and Individual Differences 37, no. 6 (October 2004): 1205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.12.005.
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Ettinger, Ulrich, and Philip J. Corr. "The Frequency Accrual Speed Test (FAST): psychometric intelligence and personality correlates." European Journal of Personality 15, no. 2 (March 2001): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.403.
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Performance on a putative psychophysical measure of information processing related to intelligence (Vickers' 1995 Frequency Accrual Speed Test, FAST) was assessed in relation to two psychometric measures of intelligence (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices and the Mill Hill vocabulary test). Participants (N = 57) completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire — Revised (EPQ‐R), and performed the FAST task under either low (70 dB) or high (90 dB) levels of white noise. FAST correlated with Raven's (r = 0.56) and Mill Hill (r = 0.28), as expected. FAST total scores were not affected by personality or personality‐by‐noise interactions. However, a measure of consistency of FAST performance (i.e. the standard deviation) was correlated negatively with total FAST scores (r = −0.37) and positively with (EPQ‐R) extraversion (r = 0.34). The results are discussed in terms of the validity of the FAST to explicate the information processing variables in psychometric intelligence. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Martin, Neilson, Guy Goodwin, Christopher Fairburn, Rob Wilson, David Allison, Lon R. Cardon, and Jonathan Flint. "A population-based study of personality in 34 000 sib-pairs." Twin Research 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.3.4.310.
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AbstractSeveral theoretical studies have suggested that large samples of randomly ascertained siblings can be efficiently used to ascertain phenotypically extreme individuals and increase power to detect genetic linkage. Phenotypes that can be reliably measured by questionnaire are of obvious utility for such selection strategies, as large numbers of individuals can be contacted without laborious individual interview. As the first step in developing a large randomly-ascertained family cohort in southwest England, a sample of 88 000 individuals, including more than 34 000 sibling pairs in 20 000 sibships, was administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) by commercial mailing. The sample age ranges were 20–67 years and comprised 59% males and 41% females. Descriptive properties of the EPQ scales are similar to those reported from other large family cohorts. Test–retest correlations on 1681 probands in the sample are substantial for the N-scale (r = 0.93), but somewhat more modest for the other scales (range r = 0.70–0.88). Phenotypic and sibling correlations correspond quite closely to those of twin studies. Twin Research (2000) 3, 310–315.
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Almiro, Pedro Armelim, Octávio Moura, and Mário R. Simões. "Psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire — Revised (EPQ-R)." Personality and Individual Differences 88 (January 2016): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.050.
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Banasiewicz, Jolanta, Kornelia Zaręba, Hanna Rozenek, Michał Ciebiera, Grzegorz Jakiel, Joanna Chylińska, and Krzysztof Owczarek. "Adaptive capacity of midwives participating in pregnancy termination procedures: Polish experience." Health Psychology Open 7, no. 2 (July 2020): 205510292097322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102920973229.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted in 181 midwives working in hospitals in Poland. The midwives completed professional psychological tests (CISS questionnaire, EPQ-R questionnaire, OLBI questionnaire) and a questionnaire developed for this study. Midwives participating in pregnancy termination procedures most commonly used the task-oriented coping style. The emotion-oriented coping style was positively related to burnout in the group which performed pregnancy terminations. The analysis showed that the higher the indices of neuroticism, the greater the severity of burnout in both groups. The results indicate the need to conduct an initial assessment of personality resources when employing midwives to the wards.
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Ruch, Willibald, Alois Angleitner, and Jan Strelau. "The Strelau Temperament Inventory—Revised (STI‐R): Validity studies." European Journal of Personality 5, no. 4 (September 1991): 287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410050403.
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This study examines the construct validity of the revised version of the Strelau Temperament Inventory (STI‐R) and the short scale (STI‐RS), which were introduced by Strelau, Angleitner, Bantelmann and Ruch (1990). Hypotheses about the relationship between the content scales of the STI‐R, viz. Strength of Excitation (SE), Strength of Inhibition (SI), and Mobility (MO) of CNS properties, and (a) other personality/temperament dimensions referring to the level of arousal, (b) selected temperament inventories, and (c) selected personality scales are derived and tested in a total of four samples with altogether 420 Ss. The inventories investigated include, among others, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—Revised (EPQ‐R), Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), the I.7 Impulsiveness Questionnaire (I.7), the Affect‐Intensity‐Measure (AIM), the EASI, the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ), and the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS‐R). In general, the hypotheses regarding the place of the STI‐R in the temperament and personality domain were confirmed. A factor analysis of the STI‐R, EASI, and DOTS‐R yielded five factors: Emotional Stability, Rhythmicity, Activity/Tempo, Sociability, and Impulsivity versus Impulse Control.
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Twomey, David Rawlings Fionnuala, Elizabeth Burns, and Sharon Morris. "Personality, Creativity, and Aesthetic Preference: Comparing Psychoticism, Sensation Seeking, Schizotypy, and Openness to Experience." Empirical Studies of the Arts 16, no. 2 (July 1998): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/8gvj-erl3-hyum-eh88.
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Three studies examined the relationship between several measures of creativity and aesthetic preference and several established personality scales. Study 1 derived indices of Fluency, Originality, and Preference for Complexity and Meaningfulness using random polygons varying in complexity (turns); the scales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Revised) (EPQ-R), the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA), and the Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V (SSS-V) were the personality measures. Study 2 added Openness to Experience from the NEO Personality Inventory (Revised) to the personality measures; factors derived from the Litle and Zuckerman Music Preference Scale were added to the creativity/preference set. Study 3 replaced the polygons used in Study 2 with two Kogan-Wallach creativity tests, and added a word association task. Canonical correlations suggested a substantial relationship between SSS-V, Openness, and EPQ-R Psychoticism, and a creativity/preference set particularly represented by Preference for Complexity, dislike of “soft popular” music, and originality or number of divergent thinking responses. Subscale analyses implicated willingness to question conventional values as a major component of the “creative personality.”
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Novakovic, Milan. "Forensic importance of homicide." Medical review 62, no. 7-8 (2009): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0908358n.
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Introduction. This study encompassed the total number of homicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in the period from 1st January 1997 to 31st December 2006 and then analyzed homicidal behaviour. The aim is to assess the differences between the people who committed violent and those who committed accidental homicide in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Material and methods. In a multicentric, retrospective study of comparing the groups with equal number of respondents we analysed the individuals who had committed violent (n=135) and accidental homicides (n=135). The homicides were tested by using socio-demographic and psychosocial items. Measurement instruments were: General data list, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Emotions Profile Index (EPI). The descriptive and multivariable logistic analysis was done statistically. Results. In the descriptive analysis the socio-demographically violent murderers were: male gender (c2=3.340, P=0.009), more workers than officials (c2=7.340, P=0.011), fathers were more often workers/farmers (c2=1.430, P=0.046), gambling (c2 =13.100,P=0.001) and possible recidivism (c2 = 6.770, a P = 0.001). The accidental murderers were family people (c2 =4.100, P =0.041), with more frequent drug abuse (c2 =3.190, P= 0.012) and they would not repeat the delict. In the multivariate analysis the violent murderers were highly discriminated (P=0.001) from accidental ones by: war involvement r =0.1148, OR =2.971 (95%), CI=1.040-7.890; age, father's education, psychoticism (EPQ) r =-0.1085, OR= 0.291(95%), CI= 0.110-0870, HDRS-total r= -0.1797, OR= 0.830 (95%), CI=0.710 - 0.930, destructiveness r = 0.1270, OR =1.560 (95%), CI=1.197-2.032, and deprivation in the P. I. E. tests. Conclusion. By the violence of their acts murderers confirm micro-social model of transferring the violence, and transition and heredity confirm the ecological-developmental trans-generation model of violence. Accidental murderers commit homicide in anomy, with intoxications and prolonged psycho-traumatism.
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Dazzi, Carla. "The Eysenck personality questionnaire – Revised (EPQ-R): A confirmation of the factorial structure in the Italian context." Personality and Individual Differences 50, no. 6 (April 2011): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.032.
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Kontoangelos, K., A. E. Raptis, C. C. Papageorgiou, P. C. Tsiotra, G. N. Papadimitriou, A. D. Rabavilas, G. Dimitriadis, and S. A. Raptis. "Oxytocin and Psychological Factors Affecting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Experimental Diabetes Research 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/560864.
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Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of oxytocin with trait and state psychological factors in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods. OXT and psychological variables were analyzed from 86 controlled diabetic patients (glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7%) from 45 uncontrolled diabetic patients (HbA1c ≥ 7). Psychological characteristics were assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), while state psychological characteristics were measured with the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL 90-R). Blood samples were taken for measuring oxytocin in both subgroups during the initial phase of the study. One year later, the uncontrolled diabetic patients were reevaluated with the use of the same psychometric instruments.Results. During the first evaluation of the uncontrolled diabetic patients, a statistically significant positive relationship between the levels of OXT and psychoticism in EPQ rating scale (P<0.013) was observed. For controlled diabetic patients, a statistically significant negative relationship between oxytocin and somatization (P<0.030), as well as obsessive-compulsive scores (P<0.047) in SCL-90 rating scale, was observed. During the second assessment, the values of OXT decreased when the patients managed to control their metabolic profile.Conclusions. The OXT is in association with psychoticism, somatization, and obsessionality may be implicated in T2DM.
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Ruch, Willibald, and Lambert Deckers. "Do extraverts ‚like to laugh’︁?: An analysis of the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire (SHRQ)." European Journal of Personality 7, no. 4 (October 1993): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410070402.
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This study was an attempt to determine whether the degree of laughing in a variety of situations is related to Extraversion. In order to measure smiling and laughing, the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire (SHRQ) (Martin and Lefcourt, 1984) was given to 165 German university students and non‐students and to 118 American university students. Extraversion and also Psychoticism, Neuroticism, and Social Desirability were measured by the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ‐R; Eysenck, Eysenck and Barrett, 1985). SHRQ scores correlated 0.52 and 0.36 with Extraversion, 0.26 and 0.26 with Psychoticism, and negligibly with Neuroticism in the German and American samples, respectively. The positive correlations between Extraversion and laughing propensity were interpreted as confirming the hypothesis that the ‚tendency to laugh’︁ is a characteristic of extraverts. This tendency generalizes across situations and is not just limited to humorous ones. The SHRQ items correlating significantly with Psychoticism were interpreted as reflecting different evaluations of these particular situations by high and low P scorers rather than as determining a general tendency to laugh.
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Chatzi, L., K. Koutra, M. Vassilaki, A. Vardiampasis, V. Georgiou, A. Koutis, C. Lionis, P. Bitsios, and M. Kogevinas. "Maternal personality traits and risk of preterm birth and fetal growth restriction." European Psychiatry 28, no. 4 (April 24, 2012): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.11.006.
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AbstractBackground/AimsMaternal personality may increase vulnerability to stress, which could lead to an unfavourable intrauterine environment to the fetus. We sought to investigate the impact of maternal personality traits on adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction in the mother-child cohort study (RHEA Study) in Crete, Greece 2007–2009.MethodsFive hundred and eighty pregnant women participating in “Rhea” cohort study completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) at 28–32 weeks of gestation. Information on anthropometric measures at birth was obtained from the hospital delivery logs and medical records. Fetal growth restriction was based on a customized model, and multivariate logistic regression models were used adjusting for confounders.ResultsA per unit increase in the EPQ Neuroticism scale increased the risk for fetal weight growth restriction by 9% [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 percent CI: 1.01, 1.19)], and for fetal head circumference growth restriction by 6% [OR = 1.06, 95 percent CI: 1.01, 1.18] after adjusting for maternal age, education, origin, marital status, working status, pre-pregnancy BMI, delivery type, parity, smoking, and alcohol intake during pregnancy.ConclusionsMaternal neuroticism, which predisposes to negative mood, may be a risk factor for fetal growth restriction.
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Kontoangelos, K., C. C. Papageorgiou, A. E. Raptis, P. Tsiotra, V. Lambadiari, G. N. Papadimitriou, A. D. Rabavilas, G. Dimitriadis, and S. A. Raptis. "Homocysteine, Cortisol, Diabetes Mellitus, and Psychopathology." Journal of Diabetes Research 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/354923.
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Objective. This study investigates the association of homocysteine and cortisol with psychological factors in type 2 diabetic patients.Method. Homocysteine, cortisol, and psychological variables were analyzed from 131 diabetic patients. Psychological factors were assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL 90-R), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZDRS), and the Maudsley O-C Inventory Questionnaire (MOCI). Blood samples were taken by measuring homocysteine and cortisol in both subgroups during the initial phase of the study (T0). One year later (T1), the uncontrolled diabetic patients were reevaluated with the use of the same psychometric instruments and with an identical blood analysis.Results. The relation of psychoticism and homocysteine is positive among controlled diabetic patients (Pvalue =0.006<0.05)and negative among uncontrolled ones (Pvalue = 0.137). Higher values of cortisol correspond to lower scores on extraversion subscale(rp=-0.223,Pvalue = 0.010). Controlled diabetic patients showed a statistically significant negative relationship between homocysteine and the act-out hostility subscale(rsp=-0.247,P=0.023). There is a statistically significant relationship between homocysteine and somatization(rsp=-0.220,P=0.043).Conclusions. These findings support the notion that homocysteine and cortisol are related to trait and state psychological factors in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Mitrovic, Dusanka, Snezana Smederevac, and Petar Colovic. "Latent structure and construct validity of the reinforcement sensitivity questionnaire." Psihologija 41, no. 4 (2008): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0804555m.
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The Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory contains three basic systems: Behavioral inhibition system (BAS), Behavioral activation system (BIS) and the Fight/ Flight/ Freeze (FFF) system. In this model, BIS is a system for detection of potential conflict or threat, and FFFS differs three basic patterns of reaction to actual or perceived danger. In Study 1, which was aimed at the examination of the latent structure of the RSQ, was conducted on a sample of 472 participants of both genders. The best - fitting model suggests that, at the top level of hierarchy, three dimensions exist, which are analogous to the BIS, BAS and FFF. The last dimension contains three subordinate dimensions, which represent the subsystems of the FFF. Study 2, in which 203 subjects participated, was aimed at examination of the relations between the dimensions of the Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory and dimensions of the PEN model. Confirmatory factor analyses of the RSQ and EPQ-R dimensions revealed that the best-fitting model comprised three latent dimensions, the first one being analogous to the BIS - Neuroticism, the second one to the BAS - Extraversion, and the third to the Aggressiveness- Psychoticism. The structure of the latent dimensions is in accordance with the expectations. The results state that fear and anxiety (which neurophysiological distinction is emphasized by Gray), are substantively similar on the behavioral level. Also, the results suggest that the Freeze dimension is probably closer to the BIS system than to the FFF.
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Tian, Yali, Haojiang Zuo, Fang Wang, Ailin Wei, and Ka Li. "Application of Polystyrene Nanofiber in Detection of Anxiety-Related Bio-Marker Cortisol." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4107.
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This work aimed to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol level and the occurrence of anxiety through the polystyrene (PS) nano-fiber solid phase extraction technology. The PS nano-fibers were prepared, and its characterization was performed to detect its adsorption selectivity and blood compatibility. 32 anxiety patients treated in the hospital were recruited as the research subjects, with another 35 mentally healthy people as controls. The Hamilton Anxiety (HAMA) Scale, Symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale, and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) were used to analyze the anxiety degree, psychological disorder degree, and personality of the two groups. The plasma cortisol level was detected by PS nano-fiber solid phase extraction technology. Finally, the Pearson correlation test was performed to analyze the correlation between the plasma cortisol level and the scores of HAMA scale, SCL-90 scale, and EPQ scale in anxiety patients. It was revealed that the HAMA scale and SCL-90 scale scores of anxiety patients were superior to those of healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The “neuroticism” factor score in EPQ were obviously higher than that of healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The diameter of the prepared PS nano-fiber was within 200~900 nm, with a small specific surface area (BET), pore volume, and pore size, and the cellular structure was noted on the fiber surface. The PS nano-fiber demonstrated relatively good adsorption performance for benzene hydrocarbon compounds and had excellent anti-protein adsorption capacity. It was found that the plasma cortisol level of anxiety patients was higher than that of healthy subjects (P < 0.05), and the plasma cortisol level was positively correlated with HAMA scale, SCL-90 scale, and EPQ scale scores (r = 0.996, 0.993, and 0.971, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the PS nano-fiber solid phase extraction technology can be applied to identify the plasma cortisol level, which was with a good anti-interference property. An increased plasma cortisol level can be used as an indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of anxiety.
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García-Torres, Francisco, and Rosario Castillo-Mayén. "Differences in Eysenck’s Personality Dimensions between a Group of Breast Cancer Survivors and the General Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071240.
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Cancer may influence personality in patients and survivors. However, the possible relations between the treatments that the patients have undergone and the personality in survivors are not clear. This study aimed to establish the differences in personality between a group of breast cancer survivors and a control group, and to test the predictive utility of the treatments on the personality traits in survivors. Thirty breast cancer survivors and thirty participants from the general population completed the Eysenck personality questionnaire-revised (EPQ-R) and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Survivors had lower scores on extraversion and higher scores on neuroticism than the control group, but these differences were not significant. However, differences in psychoticism were significant, with higher scores in the survivor group. Breast-conserving therapy predicted extraversion while breast reconstruction predicted psychoticism. These results suggest that the physical consequences of surgery may lead to social and psychological impairments in this group of patients.
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Syusyuka, V. G. "Estimation of connection of trait and state anxiety with temperament type of pregnant women." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 3(119) (May 3, 2017): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2017.119.69.
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Certain level of anxiety is required for effective adaptation to reality. According to the scale «neuroticism – emotional stability» anxiety is one of the measuring parameters of the person which reflect individual reaction on stress. The objective: estimate temperament types of pregnant women and their connection with trait and state anxiety. Patients and methods. Pregnant 392 women were examined in ІІ and ІІІ trimesters. Individual and psychological features of pregnant women and their psychoemotional state were studied using the complex of psychodiagnostic methods: Personality Questionnaire of Bekhterev University, Spielberger-Hanin scale, Eysenck EPQ questionnaire. Variation and statistical processing of results was performed with STATISTICA 6.0 analysis programs. Results. According to Eysenck Circle, among the main temperament types, conformity to sanguine type was found more frequently and was determined in 139 examined pregnant women: it made 35.46%. Choleric temperament was determined in 94 (23.98%), melancholic – in 88 (22.45%) pregnant women and phlegmatic type was determined in 71 (18.11%) pregnant women. During estimation of questioning results by means of Eysenck EPQ, taking into account anxiety level, there was found that index of neuroticism increased statistically and reliably (р<0.05) to the level of both trait anxiety (TA) and state anxiety (SA). Above mentioned results are confirmed by available positive correlation of neuroticism with SA level (r=+0.347; p<0.05) and more significant correlation with TA level (r=+0.666; p<0.05). Conclusions. According to results of performed research the statistically reliable (р > 0.05) difference was determined both under the TA level and SA level among pregnant women which temperament type corresponded to sanguine comparing to choleric and melancholic types; and also which corresponded to phlegmatic type comparing to choleric and melancholic. Comparing sanguine persons to phlegmatic ones and choleric persons to melancholic ones there was found statistically reliable (р>0.05) difference only under TA level. Key words: pregnancy, psychoemotional state, neuroticism, temperament type, anxiety.
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Ishfaq, Nimrah, and Anila Kamal. "Empirical Evidence of Multi-Facets of Delinquency in Pakistan: Revised Self-Reported Delinquency Scale." Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 34, Spring 2019 (March 30, 2019): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2019.34.1.7.
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Juvenile delinquency is a major societal issue of Pakistan, but measuring it through self-reported indigenously developed questionnaire is limited to a few progresses like Self-Reported Delinquency Scale (SRDS; Naqvi & Kamal, 2008). The purpose of the present study was to explore factor structure of SRDS through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and to address multi-facets of delinquency by modifying SRDS. Cross-sectional research design was used. Data were collected through purposive sampling from 508 respondents which included 232 juvenile delinquents and 276 students from Bahawalpur and Faisalabad. Study was aimed to explore and establish dimensionality, reliability, convergent, and discriminant validities along with usefulness of the Revised Self-Reported Delinquency Scale (R-SRDS). Findings of the study reported emergence of six internally-consistent factors including: (a) risk taking, (b) sex related, (c) stealing related, (d) police encountering, (e) drugs related, and (f) attention seeking delinquent tendencies. Convergent validity of these subscales was established through positive association of R-SRDS with Short version of Physical and Verbal Aggression Scale (Caprara & Pastorelli, 1993), and Lying Scale of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1976). Discriminant validity was established by inverse relationship of R-SRDS with Prosocial Behavior Scale (Eisenerg, Eggum, & Di-Giunta, 2010) and Positivity Scale (Caprara et al., 2012). R-SRDS not only discriminated between juvenile delinquents and students, but also discriminated between delinquents committing different types of crimes, thus, providing more comprehensive picture of R-SDS measuring different levels of delinquent tendencies in Pakistan.
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Ortet, Generós, Manuel Ignacio Ibáñez, Adrián Llerena, and Rafael Torrubia. "The Underlying Traits of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP)." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 18, no. 2 (May 2002): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.18.2.139.
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Summary: This research studies the factor structure of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and its location within Eysenck's three broad dimensions of personality: psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism. A series of factor analyses and structural equations with the KSP and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) scales were carried out. The relationships between KSP and other biologically rooted personality traits (Zuckerman's sensation seeking and Gray's sensitivity to punishment) were also investigated. The results showed four underlying traits of the KSP: negative emotionality, aggressive nonconformity, impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking, and social withdrawal. Negative emotionality was mainly related to neuroticism; aggressive nonconformity was associated with psychoticism and, to a lesser degree, with neuroticism; impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking was correlated with both psychoticism and extraversion; and social withdrawal was principally related to low extraversion.
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Pačesová, Petra. "Cognitive and Executive Functions of Young Men regarding Sport Activity and Personality Traits." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 11752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111752.
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Sport activity can be a moderator of change in the level of cognitive and executive functions. This research sample consisted of 71 men aged 22.66 ± 1.91 years. This group was split into two subgroups: nonathletes (n = 26) and athletes (n = 45). The athletes included open skill sport athletes (n = 21) and closed skill sport athletes (n = 24). We used a standardized S-test to detect the level of cognitive functions, a standardized EPQ-R questionnaire to find out the degree of neuroticism and a standardized IVE questionnaire to measure the level of impulsivity. For data processing, we used the Kruskal–Wallis test following the Mann–Whitney test. To calculate the effect of size differences we used the coefficients η2 and r. Our research showed a higher level of cognitive function of athletes compared to nonathletes. More detailed data analysis showed that open skill sport disciplines are influential. There is also a negative relationship between the level of cognitive function and the degree of impulsivity and neuroticism. It seems that sport activity, specifically open skill sport disciplines, has the potential to increase the cognitive functions of young adult men. Personality traits—neuroticism and impulsivity—have a negative relationship with the level of cognitive functions of young men.
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Munoz, Fernando, Giuseppe Sanguineti, Andrea Bresolin, Domenico Cante, Vittorio Vavassori, Justina Magdalena Waskiewicz, Giuseppe Girelli, et al. "Predictors of Patient-Reported Incontinence at Adjuvant/Salvage Radiotherapy after Prostatectomy: Impact of Time between Surgery and Radiotherapy." Cancers 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 3243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133243.
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Background: Baseline urinary incontinence (UI) strongly modulates UI recovery after adjuvant/salvage radiotherapy (ART/SRT), inducing clinicians to postpone it “as much as possible”, maximizing UI recovery but possibly reducing efficacy. This series aims to analyze the trend of UI recovery and its predictors at radiotherapy start. Methods: A population of 408 patients treated with ART/SRT enrolled in a cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02803086) aimed at developing predictive models of radiation-induced toxicities. Self-reported UI and personality traits, evaluated by means of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R) questionnaires, were assessed at ART/SRT start. Several endpoints based on baseline ICIQ-SF were investigated: frequency and amount of urine loss (ICIQ3 and ICIQ4, respectively), “objective” UI (ICIQ3 + 4), “subjective” UI (ICIQ5), and “TOTAL” UI (ICIQ3 +4 + 5). The relationship between each endpoint and time from prostatectomy to radiotherapy (TTRT) was investigated. The association between clinical and personality variables and each endpoint was tested by uni- and multivariable logistic regression. Results: TTRT was the strongest predictor for all endpoints (p-values ≤ 0.001); all scores improved between 4 and 8 months after prostatectomy, without any additional long-term recovery. Neuroticism independently predicted subjective UI, TOTAL UI, and daily frequency. Conclusions: Early UI recovery mostly depends on TTRT with no further improvement after 8 months from prostatectomy. Higher levels of neuroticism may overestimate UI.
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Corulla, William J. "A further psychometric investigation of the sensation seeking scale form-v and its relationship to the EPQ-R and the I.7 impulsiveness questionnaire." Personality and Individual Differences 9, no. 2 (1988): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(88)90089-x.
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Mandic-Gajic, G., M. Dolic, A. Eror, and Z. Spiric. "Personality traits and tobacco smoking among male alcoholics with secondary depression." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S311—S312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.215.
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IntroductionAfter alcohol withdrawal, secondary depression may persists and might be a risk factor for relapse among primary alcoholics.ObjectivesThe differences between male alcoholics with secondary depression (D) and without depression (wD) regarding the personality dimensions and tobacco smoking were explored.AimsThe aim was to investigate risk factors for secondary depression.MethodsOne hundred male primary alcoholics were recruited during inpatient treatment, and 86 completed the study. The assessment of depression by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAMD (Hamilton, 1960), the pattern of cigarette use and personality dimensions assessment by Eysenck personality questionnaire – EPQ (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) were performed for all participants on admission. After four weeks according HDRS cut off score, they were divided into D group (n = 43) and wD (n = 43) group. The differences between groups were tested by Student t-test and Pearson's correlation test was applied.ResultsThe personality traits showed difference between D and wD alcoholics’ subgroups for neuroticism 15.07 ± 4.89 vs. 10.37 ± 4.40 (P < 0.01) and for extraversion 11.74 ± 5.05 vs. 14.30 ± 4.24 (P < 0.05) respectively. The positive correlation between the mean HDRS score and neuroticism (r = 0.487, P < 0.001), without significant correlation between other EPQ dimensions and depression was recorded. The D group started smoking earlier, but without differences of cigarettes daily.ConclusionsThe group of alcoholics with depression started smoking earlier. They were characterized by higher neuroticism and lower extraversion on admission, which could predict persistent secondary depression. Screening on personality traits among alcoholics on admission could improve prevention of secondary depression after alcohol withdrawal.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Vives, Jaume, Cristina Morales, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, and Sergi Ballespí. "Emotional Comprehension Is Not Related to Duration of Distress from Daily Life Events." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020459.
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The main aim of this paper is to analyze to what extent insight (i.e., mentalization referring to one’s own mental state) moderates recovering from daily life events. A total of 110 participants (84.5% women; mean age: M = 21.5; SD = 3.2) filled in the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), and were interviewed about impairment derived from daily life events (everyday life stresses) during the past year. Multivariate regression models were adjusted for neuroticism, sex, and socioeconomic status to analyze whether different degrees of insight moderated the relationship between the intensity and the duration of emotional distress. Results showed that the global measure of insight did not moderate recovering from daily-life distress. Regarding the subdimensions, attention to emotional reactions was related to an increased duration of distress. Results showed that, against our hypothesis, deeper comprehension of emotional reactions, operationalized here as “true insight”, was not associated to faster recovery. Limitations and recommendations for further studies are discussed considering these results.
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Vives, Jaume, Cristina Morales, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, and Sergi Ballespí. "Emotional Comprehension Is Not Related to Duration of Distress from Daily Life Events." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020459.
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The main aim of this paper is to analyze to what extent insight (i.e., mentalization referring to one’s own mental state) moderates recovering from daily life events. A total of 110 participants (84.5% women; mean age: M = 21.5; SD = 3.2) filled in the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), and were interviewed about impairment derived from daily life events (everyday life stresses) during the past year. Multivariate regression models were adjusted for neuroticism, sex, and socioeconomic status to analyze whether different degrees of insight moderated the relationship between the intensity and the duration of emotional distress. Results showed that the global measure of insight did not moderate recovering from daily-life distress. Regarding the subdimensions, attention to emotional reactions was related to an increased duration of distress. Results showed that, against our hypothesis, deeper comprehension of emotional reactions, operationalized here as “true insight”, was not associated to faster recovery. Limitations and recommendations for further studies are discussed considering these results.
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Burdzicka-Wołowik, Joanna, and Katarzyna Góral-Radziszewska. "Selected Personality Traits of Women Training Combat Sports." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2014-0001.
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Abstract Introduction. Contemporary women are more and more independent nowadays and emancipation of women is also visible in sports. The aim of the study was to present certain personality traits of female athletes training selected combat sports. The authors claim that taking up the aforementioned activity is an attempt at overcoming stereotypical attitude to a social role of women. The analysis of results revealed psychological profiles of female athletes. Material and methods. The research included women aged 17 to 36 (N=199). The first group (N=94) consisted of athletes training boxing, judo, wrestling and taekwon-do, the majority of whom had a master sports class. The second group included women not training any sports (N=105). The research was conducted with the use of the following tools: Psychological Gender Inventory, Temperament Inventory, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), Creative Behaviour Questionnaire and personal questionnaire created by the authors. Conclusions. The analysis of the material showed that female athletes training combat sports contest traditional femininity since they have more personality traits traditionally attributed to men (high level of masculinity). High psychoticism of the athletes is also perceived as a tendency to break conventions. As highly non-conformist individuals, they live according to their own system of values training sports which are stereotypically treated as masculine. Combat sports are trained by women with low emotional and sensory reactivity, which gives them advantageous position in sports competition.
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Hamid, Abdalla A. R. M. "PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF HEALTH OUTCOMES IN SUDANESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 32, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.4.321.
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Individual differences play a salient and vital role in the person's responses to different stressors. Hence, various individuals are expected to differ in health outcome resulting from encountering stressful situations. This study aimed at identifying personality traits in Sudanese university students and investigating the nature of the relationship between these traits and psychological disturbances measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28-item version, Goldberg & Williams, 1988). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R, 48 items, Eysenck, Eysenck,& Barrett, 1985) was used to assess personality traits. One hundred psychology students (mean age 23.7) participated in the study. The majority (80%) of the students were females. The results revealed a strong positive relationship between neuroticism (N) on one hand and somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression on the other hand. Extraversion (E) was negatively related to anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social dysfunction. No significant sex or age difference was found in psychological disturbances measured by the GHQ or in personality traits – apart from a positive association between E and age. Unlike studies carried out in other countries which showed females to be more anxious and more neurotic, the present study did not find sex differences in anxiety and neuroticism. When a cutoff point of 4 was used, 20% of the students were classified as psychiatric cases. This may indicate the widespread prevalence of psychological disorders amongst Sudanese university students.
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Machado, Tiago, João Serrano, H. Mesquita, and Sérgio J. Ibañez. "Ansiedade, Traços de Personalidade e Carga Interna Objetiva em praticantes de paraquedismo: Revisão Sistemática." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.422471.
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Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo resumir la literatura publicada anteriormente sobre la modalidad de paracaidismo, centrada en las áreas de psicología, fisiología y psicofisiología. Las plataformas y bases de datos electrónicas utilizadas para la investigación bibliográfica fueron: Web of Science, MEDline y Scopus. Se seleccionaron 21 artículos después de pasar por los criterios de selección. Teniendo en cuenta el área de estudio, encontramos tres artículos en el campo de la fisiología, ocho artículos en el campo de la psicología y 10 artículos en el campo de la psicofisiología. Los instrumentos utilizados para recopilar datos relacionados con la medición de la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) fueron principalmente los monitores Polar HR y ECG Holter. En los estudios de ansiedad, el instrumento más utilizado fue STAI - State Trait- Anxiety Inventory, complementado con la recolección de muestras salivales a través de la prueba de cortisol. Para estudiar los rasgos de personalidad se utilizaron: SSS- Sensation Seeking Scale - V, NEO PI-R, EPQ-R - Cuestionario de personalidad revisado de Eysenck y TAS 20 - Toronto Alexitimia Scale. En general, predominaban las muestras de hasta 25 sujetos con experiencia en la modalidad y hombres. A pesar del uso predominante de algunos instrumentos, los procedimientos utilizados fueron bastante diversificados y no hubo una metodología unánime y consensuada. This systematic review aimed to summarize the previously published literature on the modality of parachuting, centered on the areas of Psychology, Physiology and Psychophysiology. The platforms and electronic databases used for bibliographic research were: Web of Science, MEDline and Scopus. 21 articles were selected after going through the selection criteria. Taking into account the study area, we found three articles in the field of Physiology, eight articles in the field of Psychology and 10 articles in the field of Psychophysiology. The instruments used to collect data related to the measurement of heart rate (HR) were mainly the Polar HR and ECG Holter monitors. In anxiety studies, the most used instrument was STAI - State Trait- Anxiety Inventory, complemented with the collection of salivary samples through the cortisol test. To study the personality traits were used: SSS- Sensation Seeking Scale - V, NEO PI-R, EPQ-R - Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and TAS 20 - Toronto Alexitimia Scale. In general samples up to 25 subjects with experience in the modality and male were predominant. Despite the predominant use of some instruments, the procedures used were quite diversified and there was no unanimous and consensual methodology. Esta revisão sistemática teve o objetivo de sumariar a literatura publicada anteriormente acerca da modalidade de paraquedismo, centrados nas áreas da Psicologia, Fisiologia e Psicofisiologia. As plataformas e bases de dados eletrónicas utilizadas para a pesquisa bibliográfica foram: Web of Science, MEDline e Scopus. Foram selecionados 21 artigos, após passarem pelos critérios de seleção. Tendo em conta a área de estudo, encontramos três artigos no âmbito da Fisiologia, oito artigos no âmbito da Psicologia e 10 artigos no âmbito da Psicofisiologia. Os instrumentos utilizados na recolha de dados relacionados com a medição da frequência cardíaca (FC) foram sobretudo os monitores de FC Polar e ECG Holter. Nos estudos de ansiedade o instrumento mais usado foi STAI - State Trait- Anxiety Inventory, complementado com recolha de amostras salivares através do teste de cortisol. Para estudar os traços de personalidade foram utilizados: SSS- Sensation Seeking Scale – V, NEO PI-R, EPQ-R -Questionário de Personalidade de Eysenck revisto e TAS 20 - Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto. Na generalidade amostras até 25 sujeitos com experiência na modalidade e do sexo masculino foram predominantemente utilizados. Apesar da utilização preponderante de alguns instrumentos, os procedimentos utilizados foram bastante diversificados não existindo uma metodologia unanime e consensual.
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van Ockenburg, S. L., P. de Jonge, P. van der Harst, J. Ormel, and J. G. M. Rosmalen. "Does neuroticism make you old? Prospective associations between neuroticism and leukocyte telomere length." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 4 (July 9, 2013): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001657.
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BackgroundTelomere attrition, causing accelerated aging, might be one of the mechanisms through which neuroticism leads to somatic disease and increased all-cause mortality. In the current study we investigated whether neuroticism is prospectively associated with shorter telomere length (TL), a biological marker of aging.MethodParticipants were 3432 adults (mean age 52.9 years, range 32–79). Data were collected at baseline (T1) and at two follow-up visits after 4 years (T2) and 6 years (T3). Neuroticism was assessed using the 12-item neuroticism scale of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) at T2 and T3. TL was measured by a monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay at T1, T2 and T3. A linear mixed model was used to assess whether neuroticism could predict TL prospectively after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), frequency of sports, smoking status, presence of chronic diseases and level of education.ResultsNeuroticism was a significant negative predictor of TL at follow-up (B = −0.004, p = 0.044) after adjusting for sex, age, baseline TL and various biological and lifestyle factors.ConclusionsHigh neuroticism is significantly and prospectively associated with telomere attrition independent of lifestyle and other risk factors.
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Dehbozorgi, G. R. "A survey of the demographic, personality and psychopatology characteristics of the runaway girls." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71985-x.
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The problem of runaway girls is one of the social problems having become more prevalent and common subject for families, welfare centres and government in Iran.Escaped girls from their home, which have been prevalent, recently have been the problematic social subject for family, aid agencies and government.ObjectiveThis study aimed at determining the demographic, personality and psychopathology characteristic of runaway girls from home in Shiraz.MethodFifty girls who escaped from home and referred to the Women's Social Emergency and Rehabilitant Centre were compared with fifty girls who lived with their parents. They were assessed by semi-structured interview based on DSMIV-TR criteria, demographic questionnaire, GHQ-28 and EPQ-R-106.ResultsThe results showed that %86 of the runaway girls were resident in cities, and %40 of them was the first child of the family. Considering the familial stability, addicted parents, death and divorce of parents; the runaway girls did not have significant differences with control group, although they had significant differences in psychiatric disorders and physical abuse. Also they had more problems in social function and extroversion, lying, addiction and crime seeking.ConclusionThe high prevalence of psychopathology and social victims of the runaway girls demands serious attention by the non-governmental and governmental organizations for increasing their mental health and social supports.
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Zarbo, Ignazio Roberto, Eleonora Minacapelli, Monica Falautano, Silvia Demontis, Giovanni Carpentras, and Maura Pugliatti. "Personality traits predict perceived health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22, no. 4 (July 10, 2015): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458515594045.
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Background: Personality traits can affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in different disorders. In multiple sclerosis (MS), personality traits can determine patients’ willingness to take on more risky treatment options, predispose to neuropsychiatric symptoms and affect coping strategies. Objectives: We investigated the role of personality traits as possible predictors of HRQoL in a large cohort of persons with MS (PwMS). Methods: In total, 253 consecutively recruited PwMS were screened for intellectual deficits with Raven Colour Progressive Matrices (RCPM), state anxiety with STAI-X1 and major depression on a clinical basis. PwMS’ self-perceived mental and physical health status was measured with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the personality profile with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R). The correlation between HRQoL and personality traits was investigated by means of analysis of variance, adjusting for possible confounders. Results: Of the 253 MS patients, 195 (F:M=2.75), aged 41.7±10.2 years were included in the analysis. The variance of SF-36 mental and physical composite score was largely explained by extraversion and neuroticism. Conclusions: Our data confirm that PwMS’ HRQoL is largely influenced by personality traits, which may therefore act as predictors of perceived quality of life and should be included in clinical and experimental settings focusing on HRQoL.
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Szcześniak, Dorota, Agnieszka Kobyłko, Marta Lenart, Maciej Karczewski, Agnieszka Cyran, Piotr Musiał, and Joanna Rymaszewska. "Personality Factors Crucial in Internalized Stigma Understanding in Psychiatry." Healthcare 9, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040456.
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Objective: The main purpose of this research was to establish the relationship between personality traits and internalized stigma in individuals living with severe mental illness. Additionally, the study aimed to identify individual differences that could be used to develop the theoretical socio-cognitive-behavioral equation model of internalized stigma. Methods: A total of 114 patients with diagnosis of nonorganic psychotic disorder or uni- or bipolar affective disorder took part in this study. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised (EPQ-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were administrated among all participants. Results: Patients presenting higher levels of neuroticism scored higher on the ISMI scale. Otherwise, those with higher levels of extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness had lower ISMI scores. With the use of multivariate linear regression, neuroticism, openness to experience and conscientiousness showed the strongest associations with internalized stigma. Conclusions: Intrapersonal factors such as personality traits might explain individual differences in responses to the stigmatization process. Moreover, sociodemographic conditions such as the place of residence and level of education can play a mediating role in reducing the level of internalized stigma. Adequate psychosocial interventions should consider demographics and personality traits when engaging patients with mental illnesses in activities aimed at understanding and accepting the disorders.
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Basiaga-Pasternak, Joanna, Tadeusz Ambroży, Krzysztof Wrześniewski, and Dariusz Mucha. "Psychological determinants of motivation in coaches of martial arts." Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts 2, no. 8 (December 29, 2017): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8673.
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Introduction. Motivation is one of the key topics in sport psychology. The majority of researches concerning sport motivation are focused on the motivation of sport competitors. The present study concentrates on the motivation of coaches The aim of the present study was to investigate the type of sport motivation (based on distinction of types of sport achievement orientation by Gill and Deeter: competitiveness, win orientation, goal orientation) in coaches of martial arts, and to determine temperamental and personality-related determinants of motivation. Material and methods. The participants comprised 37 male trainers of martial arts (25 boxing coaches, 12 karate coaches). The average age was 36,8 years. The study employed various research tools including: The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) by Gill & Deeter in the Polish adaptation by Marcin Krawczyński, EPQ-R – Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in the Polish adaptation by Brzozowski and Drwal, and FCB-TI – Formal Characteristic of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory by Zawadzki and Strelau. Results. The study has shown statistically significant differences in win orientation between the coaches of boxing and karate. Higher levels of win orientation were observed in the karate coaches. The correlations between goal oriented motivation and neuroticism, and between goal orientation and such temperamental dimensions as emotional reactivity or endurance were also noted in this group. Among the boxing coaches the correlation between sensory sensitivity and goal orientation was found. Conclusions. The results indicate that most differentiating type of motivation between the coaches is the goal orientation, which shows correlations with temperamental and personality variables.
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Małyszczak, K., P. Pacan, T. Pawłowski, and A. Kiejna. "Psychodynamic group psychotherapy reduces severity of depressive symptoms indepedently of personality trait neuroticism." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73024-3.
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This study assessed whether decrease in depressive symptoms after group psychodynamic psychotherapy was due to change in neuroticism score.Patients were treated with group psychodynamic psychotherapy lasting 12 weeks. Every working day patients had 2 therapeutic sessions of 1,5 hour each. Personality trait neuroticism was measured with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R), depressive symptoms with Depression Scale of Symptoms Checklist 90 - Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire.Of 139 patients included in the study, 110 patients (79.1%) completed it. They were 37 men and 78 women, all with mean age of 34.25 years old. 64 patients were diagnosed with a neurotic disorder (ICD-10/F4), 28 with a personality disorder (F6), 15 with both a personality and a neurotic disorder and 3 with depression (F32) with personality disorder. In total 53 patients were on medication, mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Initial mean neuroticism score was 18.9, and after treatment it was 17.6. This difference is statistically significant as a change (t = 2.88, p = 0.005), but not as an independent mean value (t = 1.9, p = 0.06). Difference in severity of depressive symptoms is far more considerable: before treatment 2.08, after treatment 1.61, and it is statistically significant in comparison as dependent (t = 5.29, p = 0.000001), as well as independent (t = 3.53, p = 0.0005).Looking at proportion of the change, neuroticism score dropped by 7%, whereas depressive symptoms score dropped by 22.6%. We can say that change of depressive symptoms severity is caused mainly by other factors than change in personality trait neuroticism score.
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Skoczek, Adrianna, Paweł Prochownik, Natalia Podolec, Urszula Gancarczyk, Piotr Podolec, and Monika Komar. "PERSONALITY TRAITS OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM PFO AND ASD AND INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TIME FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 9 (2020): 1926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202009206.
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Introduction: The work presents a research project carried out in John Paul II Hospital in Cracow in Clinical Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases with the Intensive Cardiac Supervision Subdivision, with participation of 100 (50 F, 50 M) patients with congenital heart defects. The purpose of the work is to resolve the issue of personality specifics, and thus the different characteristics of people who suffer from congenital heart defects. Therefore, the following questions should be answered: Is there a relationship between personality traits and the occurrence of a congenital heart defect? What personality traits are characteristic for patients with congenital heart defects? The aim: We aimed to assess personality traits of clients suffering from PFO and ASD. The article also talks about how coronavirus pandemic affects patients with congenital heart disease Materials and methods: The research was conducted by psychologist Adrianna Skoczek. We performed a psychological clinical assessment and conducted the psychological tests like Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Version [EPQ-R(S)] and Eysenck’s Impulsivity Inventory [IVE] by Hans J. Eysenck and Sybil G. Eysenck, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI] by C. D. Spielberger, R. L. Gorsuch, R. E. Lushene describing personality traits of patients. Patients (F=50, M=50), with ASD (n=70) and with PFO (n=30). Results: In people suffering from ASD, the level of declared empathy was statistically significantly higher than the levels of impulsiveness and tendency to risk-taking. In people suffering from PFO, a statistically significant difference was observed only between the level of psychoticism and other variables. The level of declared empathy was statistically significantly higher than the levels of impulsiveness and tendency to risk-taking, a statistically significant difference was found between the analyzed variables - anxiety as a trait and anxiety as a condition. Conclusions: The results of the study allowed us to isolate the specific personality traits of patients suffering from congenital heart defects.
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Zaitsev, Dmitriy Viktorovich, and Yuliya Viktorovna Selivanova. "Interrelation between personal traits and coping strategies of the young Internet workers." Психолог, no. 5 (May 2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8701.2020.5.33889.
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This article proves the results of the original research of psychological aspects of Internet employment of the youth. The subject of this study is interrelation between personal traits and coping strategies of the young Internet workers. Research methodology is based on perception of Internet work as a virtual remote labor activity, in the context of the Internet space, via its resources, and directly affecting the psycho-emotional and psychophysiological state of the employees. Methodological framework contains Ways of Coping Questionnaire by R. Lazarus, Failure Avoidance Motivation by T. Ehlers, Method of Diagnostics of Personal Creativity by E. Tunik, and EPQ methodology by G. Eysenck. The research involved 104 respondents. The novelty of the conducted psychological research consists in acquisition of the fundamentally new empirical results on specificity of personal traits of the young Internet employees that are important for the Russian and foreign science. The main conclusion lies in establishment of correlations between the scales: “Positive Revaluation” and “Extraversion”, “Confrontational Coping” and “Complexity” (of the activity. It is empirically proven that majority of young Internet employees are extraverts, with relative mental stability, of choleric and sanguine temperament, average motivation towards avoiding failures, and low proneness to conflict. Practical implementation of the obtained results increases the effectiveness of screening procedures and psychological support in the area of Internet employment.
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Al Alawi, M., H. Al Sinawi, and S. Al Huseini. "Personality Traits and Specialty Choice Among Oman Medical Specialty Board Residents." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1266.
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IntroductionUnderstanding factors that determine the choice of a specialty among junior doctors are crucial for career counseling and candidates selection. Most studies focused on working hours, income and other lifestyle factors. However, few studies have explored the role of personality traits of the doctors in influencing specialty choice.AimsTo examine the relation between personality traits and specialty choice among residents at Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB).MethodologyResidents from different specialties were invited to participate in this study by completing Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised (EPQ-R) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) & Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scale.ResultsA total of 255 residents participated in the study (M = 40%, F = 60%). Surgical residents scored significantly higher on the Psychoticism sub-scale (P-value, 0.002) and the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scale compared to nonsurgical residents (P-value, 0.05). On the other hand, medical residents scored higher in Behavioral Inhibition System sub-scale suggesting a tendency towards avoidance of anxiety-provoking situation (P = 0.023). Concerning neuroticism trait, psychiatrists had the lowest score indicating more emotional stability. Residents from diagnostic specialties score the highest in BAS–Fun seeking with a difference reaching the level of statistical significance.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest a possible correlation between career choice and personality traits. Therefore, adapting a well-constructed, efficient and standardized selection approach is of great importance. A reasonable framework for conceptualizing specialty choice would be recognizing one's own personality traits along with exploring social and technical factors related to a particular specialty.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kumari, Veena, Elena Antonova, and Mark A. Geyer. "Prepulse inhibition and “psychosis-proneness” in healthy individuals: An fMRI study." European Psychiatry 23, no. 4 (June 2008): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.11.006.
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AbstractObjectivePrepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response provides an operational index of sensorimotor gating that is reliably demonstrable in both human and animal subjects. Patients with schizophrenia, first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, patients with schizotypal personality disorder and healthy individuals scoring high on psychometric measures of psychosis-proneness display reduced PPI. This study examined associations between individual differences in “psychosis-proneness” and brain activity during a tactile prepulse inhibition paradigm previously found to reveal activation in controls and deficient activation in schizophrenia patients in the striatum, thalamus, insula, hippocampal, temporal, inferior frontal, and inferior parietal regions.MethodsFourteen right-handed healthy men underwent psychophysiological testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a 15-min tactile PPI paradigm involving the use of tactile stimuli as both the pulse (a 40-ms presentation of 30 psi air-puff) and the prepulse (a 20-ms presentation of 6 psi air-puff presented 30-ms or 120-ms before the pulse). Individual differences in “psychosis-proneness” were assessed with Psychoticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R).ResultsHigh psychosis-proneness was associated with lower PPI and reduced activity in the inferior frontal gyrus, insula extending to putamen and thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus, and inferior parietal and middle temporal regions. No regional activity correlated positively with psychosis-proneness.ConclusionsThe present observations extend the findings observed previously in people with schizophrenia to people with high psychosis-proneness, providing support to continuum theories of psychosis with implications for understanding trait-related neural deficits in schizophrenia.
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Zeppegno, P., A. Gogliani, M. Antona, S. Gili, D. Ponzetti, and E. Torre. "Analysis of correlations among theory of mind, symptoms and personologic traits in university students." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72297-0.
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IntroductionTheory of mind represents the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others and to use these mental representations to decide one's own and predict others’ behavior. In our study, ToM is investigated in a non-psychiatric setting: a university students sample.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of subthreshold alterations in our sample and, on the other hand, if altered cognitive functioning can worsen study performance. Moreover it investigates a possible correlation between the faculty chosen and cognitive functioning. We considered 228 students attending the Faculty of: Economy (n = 26), Dental hygienists(n = 7), Law(n = 16), Medicine (n = 54), Pharmaceutics(n = 27), Physiotherapy(n = 15), Mathematics, Physics and Biology (n = 12), Midwifery (n = 14), Chemistry and Pharmaceutical techniques (n = 17), Liberal Arts (n = 3), Nursing (n = 37).MethodsWe administered the following tests to 228 university students: EYSENCK PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE (EPQ-R): evaluating some personality dimensions including psychoticism, neuroticism, introversion, extroversion;SCL-90-R: self-evaluation scale of some symptom dimensions as somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism; TEST OF EMOTION ATTRIBUTION: composed of 58 short scenes concerning seven emotions (sadness, fear, shame, disgust, happiness, anger, envy) that the student must identify.TEST OF ToM: consists of 13 short stories describing social and family situations; the student must identify why the protagonist behaved in a certain manner.ResultsThe statistical analysis is still in progress. Preliminary data suggest that people with subthreshold symptoms belonging to the depression, obsessive-compulsiveness, anxiety and phobic-anxiety clusters show deficits of theory of mind. Data concerning the correlation between cognitive functioning and faculty chosen and between cognitive functioning and poor study performance will be examined in a further work.ConclusionsOur results together with data from literature suggest the chance to apply this set of tests to screen deficit of Theory of Mind in a non mentally ill population.
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Mulianga, Caroline, Sylvia Sirai, and Juliana Mutinda. "WORKING CONDITIONS AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN OPERATING SUGAR MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN IN WESTERN KENYA." Journal of Human Resource and Leadership 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jhrl.1443.
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Purpose: The study aimed at determining the relationship between working conditions and employee performance in the operating sugar manufacturing firms in Western Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach in which the explanatory correlation method was utilized. The study’s target population was 3818 permanent employees of operating sugar manufacturing firms in Western Kenya. Yamane’s formula for determining sample size obtained 362 respondents from the target population. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to get a representative sample from each of the sugar firms with simple random sampling used to select the study participants. Data were collected by use of a self-administered employee performance questionnaire (EPQ). Content and construct validity were ensured by expert judgement and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin technique and Bartlett’s tests respectively. Reliability of the instrument was established by Cronbach Alpha Coefficient at 0.7 level. Descriptive statistics and inferential models (Pearson correlation and linear regression) were utilized in analysis of data. Findings were presented using frequency tables, percentages and narration.
Findings: The Correlation results show a strong positive correlation between employee performance and working conditions as indicated by; r = 0.623, p-value= 0.000 < 0.05. The study findings under regression coefficients showed that the unstandardized beta coefficient for working conditions was significant, r = 0.546, p = 0.000 < 0.05; the study therefore rejected the null hypothesis and concluded that working conditions had a statistically significant positive relationship with employee performance among operating sugar manufacturing firms in Western Kenya.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Findings contribute new knowledge to existing theories of motivation, HR practitioners can make decisions based on the study findings and adopt working conditions as a strategy of improving employee performance in order to enhance overall organization performance. Policy formulators can develop policy guidelines on working conditions based on the findings especially for the sugar manufacturing sector which would guarantee a conducive work environment for the employees to enhance performance.
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Mandic-Gajic, Gordana, Aleksandar Eror, Natasa Pjescic, Mirko Dolic, Danilo Jokovic, and Gordana Nikolic. "The assessment of personality dimensions, tobacco smoking and depression among tretment-seeking male alcoholics." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 4 (2018): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160719290m.
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Background/Aim. The co-occurrence of depression and tobacco smoking among treated alcoholics is frequent, but understudied. Some findings suggest that there are some shared etiological factors, but a few clinical researches of personality dimensions among patients with these comorbidities were done. The personality dimensions, the pattern of cigarette use and depression and correlation of personality and depression among inpatient alcoholics were explored. Methods. One hundred primary male inpatient alcoholics were consecutively recruited. The eighty-six of them completed study and were compared with 30 age-matched, healthy male subjects. A semi-structured clinical interview related to sociodemographics, the pattern of cigarette and alcohol use and family history data was applied. According to cut-off on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the alcoholics were divided into depressive and non-depressive subgroups resulting in half of alcoholics in each subgroup. The Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) was completed. Student's t-test for differences and Pearson's test for correlation were used. Results. There were no significant sociodemographic differences between groups. Alcoholics were more frequent smokers (86% vs. 50%). They did not start drinking earlier, but they started smoking earlier, with higher daily cigarettes use than controls. On average, alcoholics had mild depression after detoxification. The personality dimensions did not show differences between groups, except neuroticism. The neuroticism showed significantly higher level among alcoholics vs. controls (12.72 ? 5.19 vs. 5.00 ? 3.36 respectively) and among depressive vs. non-depressive alcoholics (15.07 ? 4.89 vs. 10.37 ? 4.40 respectively). The depression correlated only with neuroticism (r = 0.487, p < 0.001). Conclusions. The majority of detoxified alcoholics were smokers who started smoking earlier, with mild depression and higher neuroticism compared to controls. Our results suggest that the alcoholics with high neuroticism may experience higher depression and may require more intensive integrative treatment.
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Smith, D. J., V. Escott-Price, G. Davies, M. E. S. Bailey, L. Colodro-Conde, J. Ward, A. Vedernikov, et al. "Genome-wide analysis of over 106 000 individuals identifies 9 neuroticism-associated loci." Molecular Psychiatry 21, no. 6 (April 12, 2016): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.49.
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Abstract Neuroticism is a personality trait of fundamental importance for psychological well-being and public health. It is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and several other psychiatric conditions. Although neuroticism is heritable, attempts to identify the alleles involved in previous studies have been limited by relatively small sample sizes. Here we report a combined meta-analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) of neuroticism that includes 91 370 participants from the UK Biobank cohort, 6659 participants from the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) and 8687 participants from a QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute (QIMR) cohort. All participants were assessed using the same neuroticism instrument, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R-S) Short Form’s Neuroticism scale. We found a single-nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability estimate for neuroticism of ∼15% (s.e.=0.7%). Meta-analysis identified nine novel loci associated with neuroticism. The strongest evidence for association was at a locus on chromosome 8 (P=1.5 × 10−15) spanning 4 Mb and containing at least 36 genes. Other associated loci included interesting candidate genes on chromosome 1 (GRIK3 (glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 3)), chromosome 4 (KLHL2 (Kelch-like protein 2)), chromosome 17 (CRHR1 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1) and MAPT (microtubule-associated protein Tau)) and on chromosome 18 (CELF4 (CUGBP elav-like family member 4)). We found no evidence for genetic differences in the common allelic architecture of neuroticism by sex. By comparing our findings with those of the Psychiatric Genetics Consortia, we identified a strong genetic correlation between neuroticism and MDD and a less strong but significant genetic correlation with schizophrenia, although not with bipolar disorder. Polygenic risk scores derived from the primary UK Biobank sample captured ∼1% of the variance in neuroticism in the GS:SFHS and QIMR samples, although most of the genome-wide significant alleles identified within a UK Biobank-only GWAS of neuroticism were not independently replicated within these cohorts. The identification of nine novel neuroticism-associated loci will drive forward future work on the neurobiology of neuroticism and related phenotypes.
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Argyropoulos, S. "Association of Personality Traits and Generalised Anxiety, as Measured by the EPQ and the GADI." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70748-5.
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We explored the question of whether generalised anxiety is mainly defined by individual personality characteristics or by contextual influences. To that end, we analysed data obtained by a sample of 150 healthy volunteers subjected to a series of 7.5% and placebo inhalations. The participants completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GADI), a new tool that has shown good reliability, convergent and divergent validity in the measurement of generalised anxiety, and comprises three factors relating to cognitive, somatic and sleep symproms of GAD (Argyropoulos et al, 2007, J Psychopharmacology, 21: 145-152). We found that the neuroticism trait was associated with all three factors of the GADI, anxiety & worry (r=0.59), sleep problems (r=0.29) as well as somatic symptoms (r= 0.33), and the total GADI score (r=0.59). We concluded that GAD, as quantified by the GADI, is partly a stable trait, but there remains substantial variation that cannot be explained by personality alone.
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Wallingford, Sarah C., Suzanne M. Pilkington, Karen A. Massey, Naser M. I. Al-Aasswad, Torukiri I. Ibiebele, Maria Celia Hughes, Susan Bennett, Anna Nicolaou, Lesley E. Rhodes, and Adèle C. Green. "Three-way assessment of long-chain n-3 PUFA nutrition: by questionnaire and matched blood and skin samples." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 4 (May 23, 2012): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001997.
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The long-chain n-3 PUFA, EPA, is believed to be important for skin health, including roles in the modulation of inflammation and protection from photodamage. FFQ and blood levels are used as non-invasive proxies for assessing skin PUFA levels, but studies examining how well these proxies reflect target organ content are lacking. In seventy-eight healthy women (mean age 42·8, range 21–60 years) residing in Greater Manchester, we performed a quantitative analysis of long-chain n-3 PUFA nutrition estimated from a self-reported FFQ (n 75) and correlated this with n-3 PUFA concentrations in erythrocytes (n 72) and dermis (n 39). Linear associations between the three n-3 PUFA measurements were assessed by Spearman correlation coefficients and agreement between these measurements was estimated. Average total dietary content of the principal long-chain n-3 PUFA EPA and DHA was 171 (sd 168) and 236 (sd 248) mg/d, respectively. EPA showed significant correlations between FFQ assessments and both erythrocyte (r 0·57, P< 0·0001) and dermal (r 0·33, P= 0·05) levels, as well as between erythrocytes and dermis (r 0·45, P= 0·008). FFQ intake of DHA and the sum of n-3 PUFA also correlated well with erythrocyte concentrations (r 0·50, P< 0·0001; r 0·27, P= 0·03). Agreement between ranked thirds of dietary intake, blood and dermis approached 50 % for EPA and DHA, though gross misclassification was lower for EPA. Thus, FFQ estimates and circulating levels of the dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA, EPA, may be utilised as well-correlated measures of its dermal bioavailability.
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De Carolis, Antonella, and Stefano Ferracuti. "Correlation Between the Rorschach Test Coded and Interpreted According to the Comprehensive Exner System and the Eysenck Personality Inventory." Rorschachiana 27, no. 1 (January 2005): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604.27.1.63.
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The relationships between the Rorschach test and the self-reported personality questionnaires are an important and unresolved issue in confirming structural and clinical hypotheses. In a sample of healthy volunteers (n = 47) we conducted a study to investigate the correlation between the Italian version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck Personality Inventory, EPI) and some selected Rorschach variables defined according to the Exner Comprehensive System. The results showed that the Extroversion Scale of the EPI corresponds with the calculated difference between the Human Movement responses and the Weighted Sum of the Color response (M-WSumC, r = –.42, p < .01), the Weighted Sum of Color responses (WSumC, r = .40, p < .01) as a single variable, and the Sum of Shading responses (SumShd, r = .29, p < .05), but had no relationship with the Human Movement responses. None of the hypothesized Rorschach variables showed a significant correlation with the Neuroticism scale of the EPI. Furthermore, the Psychoticism scale of the EPI was negatively correlated with the Rorschach index Zsum (r –.33, p < .05). Finally, the comparison between the subgroups defined by the Erlebnistypus categories showed that Rorschach Extratensive subjects scored higher on the Extroversion scale of the EPI than Introversive (Mann-Whitney U = 30.5, p < .01) or Ambitent subjects (Mann-Whitney U = 76, p < .01). These results indicate that Rorschach’s concept of Erlebnistypus as a holistic dimension and Eysenck’s construct of Extroversion-Introversion are sufficiently homogeneous for psychometric assessment, but the single determinants of Rorschach responses have no correspondence with the EPI scores.