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Heinze, Aren Nathaniel. "Planets Around Solar-Type Stars: Methods for Detection and Constraints on their Distribution from an L' and M Band Adaptive Optics Survey." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196022.
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We have attempted adaptive optics (AO) imaging of planets around nearby stars in the L' and M bands, using the Clio instrument on the MMT. The MMT AO system, with its deformable secondary mirror, offers uniquely low background AO-corrected images in these bands. This allowed us to explore a wavelength regime that has not been well utilized in searches for extrasolar planets, but offers some advantages over the more commonly used shorter-wavelength H band regime. We have taken deep L' and M band images of the interesting debris disk stars Vega and ϵ Eri. Our observations of ϵ Eri attain better sensitivity to low mass planets within 3 arcseconds of the star than any other AO observations to date. At 1.7 arcsec, the maximum separation of the known planet ϵ Eri b, our M band sensitivity corresponds to objects only 9-16 times brighter than the predicted brightness of this planet. M is by far the most promising band for directly imaging this planet for the first time, though Clio would require a multi-night integration. We have carried out a survey of 50 nearby stars, using mostly the L' band. The survey objective was to determine whether power law fits to the statistics of planet mass m and orbital semimajor axis a from radial velocity (RV) surveys apply when extrapolated to orbital radii beyond the outer limits of RV sensitivity. Given dN/dm ~ m^{-1.44}, our survey null result rules out dN/da ~ a^{-0.2} extending beyond 155 AU, or dN/da constant extending beyond 70 AU, at the 95% confidence level. We have not placed as tight constraints on the planet distributions as the best H band surveys. However, we have probed older planet populations and by using a different wavelength regime have helped diversify results against model uncertainties. We have developed careful and well-tested observing, image processing, sensitivity analysis, and source detection methods, and helped advance L' and M band AO astronomy. These wavelengths will become increasingly important with the advent of new giant telescopes sensitive to interesting, low-temperature planets with red H-L' and H-M colors.
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Nilsson, Jenny, and Ramkvist Erika Peltonen. "Hållbara transporter : En intervjustudie kring arbetet med hållbara transporter i Norrköpings och Linköpings kommun." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93918.
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Trots en förbättrad luftkvalité och en minskning av luftföroreningar ökar fortfarande transportsektorns utsläpp, vilket gör det svårt att uppfylla bland annat de svenska miljömålen. Kommuner i Sverige har en stor roll gällande planering och beslutsfattande i arbetet med hållbara transporter. Transportfrågan är en komplex fråga och som även sträcker sig utanför kommunernas gränser. Linköpings och Norrköpings kommun håller på att utveckla en fjärde storstadsregion och samarbetar en del med varandra. Det som undersöks i studien är vad tjänstemännen upplever hindrar och möjliggör arbetet med implementeringen av åtgärder gällande hållbara transporter i de båda kommunerna. Studien bygger på tre intervjuer i vardera kommun. Det vi ser hindrar arbetet är kommunikation mellan olika nivåer internt hos kommunen och mellan kommunen och andra aktörer, beteendet hos kommuninvånarna, målkonflikter, tid, resurser, ekonomi och bristande tydlighet i mål. Det som möjliggör är det ökade fokus miljöfrågor har fått genom klimatdebatten samt engagemang och intresse hos de tjänstemän som specifikt arbetar med transportpolitiska frågor.
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Jackson, Marilyn E. "Relating creation spirituality to Lutheranism : viewed from the perspective of education for social change : this dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the faculty and board of the Western Institute for Social Research (WISR), Berkeley, California /." Electronic access available at, 2004. http://www.peacehost.net/EPI-Calc/Marilyn/.
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Alstermark, Carola. "Personlighet och val av utbildning." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Psykologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5427.
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Påverkar vår personlighet de utbildningsval vi gör i livet? Denna fråga ligger till grund för studien som gjordes på ekonom- och sjuksköterskestudenter på Uppsala Universitet. I studien deltog 120 personer och undersökningsdeltagarna (Ud) var jämnt fördelademellan ekonomer/sjuksköterskor och kvinnor/män. Studien genomfördes genom att Ud fick svara på 48 stycken påståenden som utgick från Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). Tidigare forskning har påvisat skillnader i personlighet mellan ekonom- och vårdstudenter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad i personlighet mellan ekonom- och sjuksköterskestudenter. Studien visade inga signifikanta skillnader i personlighet mellan studentgrupperna. Den slutsats som drogs i denna studie, var att vår personlighet inte påverkar utbildningsvalen ekonom- och sjuksköterska.
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Bencsik, Martin. "M.R.I. studies of fluid flow distribution in macroscopic glass bead packs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267674.
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Söderberg, Charlotta. "Environmental policy integration in bioenergy : policy learning across sectors and levels?" Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-42810.
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A central principle within UN and EU policy is environmental policyintegration (EPI), aiming at integrating environmental aspirations, targetsand requirements into sector policy in order to promote sustainabledevelopment. The focus of this study is EPI in bioenergy policy. Bioenergy isa renewable energy source of increasing importance in the EU and Swedishenergy mix. At the same time, it is debated how environmentally friendlybioenergy really is. Furthermore, bioenergy can be considered both a multisectorand a multi-level case, since bioenergy is produced in many differentsectors and bioenergy policy is formulated and implemented on differentlevels. Therefore, EPI in bioenergy policy is here analysed over time in twosectors (energy and agriculture) and on three levels (EU, national, subnational).A cognitive, policy learning perspective on EPI is adopted, tracingEPI through looking for reframing of policy towards incorporatingenvironmental objectives in policy rhetoric and practice. Furthermore,institutional and political explanations for the development are discussed.Paper I analyses EPI in Swedish bioenergy policy within energy andagriculture. Paper II analyses institutional conditions for multi-sector EPI inSwedish bioenergy policy. Paper III analyses EPI in EU bioenergy policywithin energy and agriculture. Paper IV analyses sub-national EPI in thecase of the Biofuel Region in north Sweden. The material examined consistsof policy documents complemented by semi-structured interviews. Together, the four papers provide a more complex and holistic picture ofthe EPI process than in previous research, which mainly has focused onstudying EPI in single sectors and on single levels. The study shows thatpriorities are different on different levels; that EPI has varied over time; butthat EPI today is detectable within bioenergy policy in both studied sectorsand on all levels. Policy learning in bioenergy is found to be mainly a topdownprocess. Furthermore, policy coherence between sectors and levels;long-term goals; and concrete policy instruments are found to be importantboth for the EPI process as such and for the outcomes from this process.However, when attempting to marry different goals, such as growth, securityand sustainability, in line with the three-tiered (economic, social, ecologic)sustainable development concept, environmental aspects risks not to beprioritised when goal conflicts arise. The study proposes that future researchboth continues the analysis of multi-sector and multi-level EPI, and furtherexplores to what extent ecological sustainability is improved by EPI.
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Olsson, Maria. "Matproblem och personlighet." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Psykologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3246.
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The purpose of this study was to examine by means of Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the relationship between Neuroticism, and self-rated eating problems. Altogether 105 respondents, mean aged 42,3 years, including 11 men and 94 women, participated by answering an Internet-based questionnaire comprising three different sections. Neuroticism correlated with self-rated eating problems (r=,468, p<0,01). By means of multiple regression analysis it was indicated that both Neuroticism (p<.001) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (p<.001) contributed significantly to the prediction of self-rated eating problems (multiple correlation (ß=.594). The study indicated that the personality only partly explained the variation of eating problems. The result was discussed in terms of significance of biological factors stressing changes in 5-HT levels triggering eating problems.
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Hafstad, Ulrika, and Amanda Lundén. "Jämförelse av CKD-EPI och MDRD ekvationsformler för estimerad glomerulär filtrationshastighet." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72648.
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Bakgrund: Inom yrket som röntgensjuksköterska används dagligen kontrastmedel i samband med undersökningar. För att räkna ut hur mycket kontrastmedel som patienter ska erhålla för att förebygga kontrastinducerade njurskador används ekvationsformler för att räkna ut njurfunktionens glomerulära filtrationshastighet. Två formler som jämfördes var CKD-EPI och MDRD. Syfte: I denna litteraturstudie var syftet att jämföra vilken av de två mest förekommande ekvationsformler är mest optimal att använda för att räkna ut estimerat GFR. Metod: Denna studie genomfördes i form av en litteraturstudie där 11 artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och sammanställdes. Resultat: CKD-EPI-formeln uppvisade generellt bättre prestationsförmåga för noggrannhet, precision och avvikelse än MDRD-formeln för estimering av GFR. Dock hade båda ekvationerna svagheter och är inte universella då MDRD och CKD-EPI-formlerna inte är lämpliga att använda på alla individer. Slutsats: I dagsläget är CKD-EPI-formeln den som ter sig vara mest användbar, dock behövs det mer forskning för att kunna utveckla ekvationsformler som passar för alla typer av patienter.Background: In the profession as radiology nurse contrast media is used daily in radiologic examinations. In order to determine the volume of contrast media that patients should be administered and to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy equation formulas are applied to calculate the kidney function glomerular filtration rate. Two formulas were compared the CKD-EPI and MDRD. Aim: In this literature study the aim was to compare which of the two most commonly used equation formulas is the most optimal for calculating estimated GFR. Methods: This study was conducted as a literature study, where 11 articles were quality assessed and compiled. Results: The CKD-EPI formula generally showed better performance for estimating GFR in accuracy, precision and bias than the MDRD formula. However, both equation formulas present inadequacies and are not universal as they are not applicable to all individuals. Conclusions: At the moment the CKD-EPI formula appears to be the most applicable, although more research is required in order to develop equation formulas which cater to all types of patients.
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Pierron, Alix. "Toxicity of three biological derivatives of deoxynivalenol : deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, 3-epi-deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside on pigs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30096/document.
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Les mycotoxines sont des métabolites secondaires de moisissures contaminant de façon naturelle de nombreuses denrées alimentaires, notamment les céréales. Le déoxynivalénol (DON), produit par Fusarium sp., est la mycotoxine la plus répandue dans le monde. Du fait de sa grande stabilité chimique, le DON est difficile à éliminer, et se retrouve dans les céréales et les produits finis ou il induit des effets toxiques pour l'homme et l'animal. De nouvelles stratégies de lutte sont mises en places, telle la transformation biologique utilisant des bactéries ou des plantes. En effet certaines bactéries possèdent des enzymes capables de transformer le DON en de nouveaux composés, le déepoxy-déoxynivalénol (DOM-1) et le 3-épi-déoxynivalénol (3-epi-DON). De plus, certaines plantes sont naturellement capables de transformer le DON dans le but de l'éliminer et de le détoxifier, formant ainsi le deoxynivalénol-3-ß-D-glucoside (D3G). L'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer la toxicité de ces dérivés du DON au niveau de l'intestin et du système immunitaire par le biais d'analyses in silico, in vitro, ex vivo et in vivo. Les tests de toxicité in vitro sur la lignée humaine intestinale cellulaire Caco-2 montrent que le DOM-1, le 3-epi-DON et le D3G n'étaient pas cytotoxiques, ils ne modifiaient ni la viabilité, ni la fonction de barrière des cellules, mesurée par la résistance électrique transépithéliale. Les tests de toxicité ex vivo sur des explants jéjunum porcin ont montré que le DOM-1, le 3-epi-DON ou le D3G n'induisaient pas de modifications histomorphologiques. En revanche, les explants exposés au DON montraient des lésions morphologiques et une régulation positive de l'expression des cytokines pro-inflammatoires. L'impact de ces trois dérivés a été également analysé sur l'expression de l'ensemble des gènes du tissu, avec une analyse microarray. Ceci a montré que ces dérivés du DON n'induisaient aucun changement dans l'expression des gènes par rapport au groupe contrôle. Le DON quand a lui exprimait différentiellement 747 sondes, correspondantes à 333 gènes impliqués dans l'immunité, la réponse inflammatoire, le stress oxydatif, la mort cellulaire, le transport moléculaire et la fonction mitochondriale. L'analyse in silico a montré que le D3G, contrairement au DON était incapable de se lier au site-A du ribosome, principale cible de la toxicité pour le DON. Les deux dérivés microbiens eux, étaient capables de se fixer au site-A au sein du ribosome, mais contrairement au DON ils ne formaient que deux liaisons hydrogènes au lieu de trois. De plus, ces trois dérivés n'induisaient pas de stress ribotoxique, d'activation des MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), et de réponse pro-inflammatoire. Une étude complémentaire a été menée in vivo pour évaluer la toxicité du DOM-1 chez le porc (gavage pendant 21 jours avec .0.14mg / kg de poids vif). Les résultats ont montré que le DOM-1, contrairement au DON n'induisait pas les effets toxiques du DON au niveau des paramètres zootechniques (pas de vomissements, aucune diminution de la consommation alimentaire ou de perte de poids), sur l'intestin et le foie (pas de dommages tissulaires), ou sur la réponse immunitaire (pas de réponse inflammatoire induite). En conclusion, nos résultats montrent l'efficacité de ces transformations enzymatiques. La déepoxydation et l'épimérisation bactérienne, ainsi que la glycosylation par les plantes permettent de sensiblement diminuer la toxicité du DON, passant par une absence de toxicité sur le ribosome avec une absence d'activation des MAPKs et de réponses inflammatoires. Dans ce contexte de contamination par les mycotoxines, ces méthodes de luttes alternatives semblent être des approches prometteusesThe Fusarium sp. mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most frequently widespread mycotoxin worldwide. Due to its high structural stability, the elimination of DON, once present in cereals or feed materials, becomes difficult. Thereby, it is present in many cereals and final feed products, inducing several toxic effects on human and animals, and causing big economic losses. New strategies of to fight against mycotoxins were developed, as biological transformation, either by the use of bacteria or plants. Indeed, some microorganisms are able to transform DON in new products, by enzymatic reaction, forming the deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) and the 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON). Moreover, some plants naturally own the capacity to glycosylate DON in the aim to detoxify it, forming the deoxynivalenol-3-ß-D-glucoside (D3G). The aim of this thesis was to assess the toxicity of these DON derivatives, on the intestine and immune response, using several approaches such as in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. On the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line, DOM-1, 3-epi-DON and D3G were not cytotoxic; they did not alter its viability and barrier function, as measured by the trans epithelial electrical resistance. The expression profile of DOM-1, 3-epi-DON and D3G-treated jejunal explants was similar to that of controls and these explants did not show any histomorphology alteration. On the other hand, the treatment of intestinal explants with DON, induced morphological lesions and upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The impact of these three derivatives was also studied on intestinal explants with a pan-genomic transcriptomic analysis. Results show that the derivatives of DON did not induce any change on the gene expression in comparison to the control-treated explants. In contrary, DON-treated explants differentially expressed 747 probes, representing 323 genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cell death, molecular transport and mitochondrial function. In silico analysis revealed that D3G, opposing to DON, was unable to bind to the A site of the ribosome, which is the main target for DON toxicity. Both DOM-1 and 3-epi-DON were able to fit into the pockets of the A site of the ribosome but only by forming two hydrogen bonds, while in this position, DON forms three hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the three derivatives do not elicit a ribotoxic stress, MAPKinase activation, and inflammatory response. Then, an in vivo study was carried out to assess the toxicity of DOM-1 on pig (feed forced during 21 days at 0.14 mg/Kg BW). The results showed that DOM-1 does not have as much toxic effects as DON on zootechnical parameters (no emesis induced, no decrease of food consumption or weight loss observed), on intestine and liver (no tissues damages), or on the immune response (no inflammatory response induced). Our data demonstrate that bacterial de-epoxidation or epimerization of deepoxy-DON modified its interaction with the ribosome, leading to an absence of MAPKinase activation and toxicity; and that the glycosylation of DON suppresses its ability to bind to the ribosome and decreases its intestinal toxicity. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) remains an important challenge in many regions in the world. Thus, these biological detoxifications of DON seem to represent a new promising approach helping manage the problem of its contamination
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Shrestha, Manoj. "Application of center-out k-space trajectories to three-dimensional imaging of structure and blood transport in the human brain." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-211022.
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A novel non-invasive imaging method of unique k-space trajectory named “3D center-out EPI with cylindrical encoding” was developed and implemented for fast imaging of the human brain. The method based on a variant of 3D hybrid EPI combines advantages of the Cartesian and the radial encoding to achieve ultra-short echo time independent of spatial
resolution and reasonably short echo train length yielding a quality image of high signal-to-noise ratio. Unlike rectilinear sampling, the method offers not only less motion and flow artifacts but enables also the undersampling capability. As a result, the method improves temporal resolution by shortening the measurement time. Nonetheless, artifacts induced from
long-term drifts of the magnetic field as well as geometrical distortions caused by B0 inhomogeneity were removed with the average phase of the k-space center lines and an additional field map scan. Compared to other cylindrical k-space trajectories based on echo-planar imaging, which lead to progressively increasing echo time upon increasing the spatial resolution, the proposed method offers more benefits. As a significant application, imaging readout of the novel technique was applied to true 3D cine imaging which was later used in the combination of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling module in order to track a short arterial spin labeling (ASL) bolus of well-defined length along the fast passage through the large vessel compartment of the brain. Parametric maps of ASL signal change, estimated time-to-peak and ASL bolus width were extracted in order to characterize the macrovascular compartments of the brain-feeding arteries. Consequently, bolus dispersion within a single arterial branch was also assessed.
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Kaulicke, Peter. "El Periodo Formativo en el sur: introducción." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113424.
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Souza, Cristiane Natalício de. "Corpo, trabalho braçal e equipamento de proteção individual: os significados sobre segurança e risco entre trabalhadores da construção civil." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9393.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Apesar do progresso científico e tecnológico ter criado métodos e dispositivos altamente “sofisticados”, a luta contra os acidentes ocupacionais não tem alcançado resultados satisfatórios. A incidência desses acidentes tem sido relacionada ao conjunto de ações que o próprio sujeito desempenha em interação com o trabalho. Essas ações visíveis no plano da prática são orientadas em grande parte pelo quadro de representações construídas, pela posição que ocupa o trabalhador no mundo. Diante dessa realidade, a presente pesquisa buscou entender, a partir de um setor da construção civil do Município de Viçosa/MG, o grau de eficácia do equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) como medida de prevenção de acidentes. Além de entender a realidade objetiva dos riscos ocupacionais e dos EPIs, procurou-se compreender como os trabalhadores, enquanto “homens”, responsáveis pelo trabalho realizado em “obra”, percebem e utilizam esse equipamento que protege o corpo, articulando o processo de risco e de prevenção. Na construção dos dados recorreu-se à observação direta e à entrevista semi-estruturada, buscando acessar o quadro de representações sociais que informam as práticas, definidoras da validade do EPI, de determinados “homens” oriundos de “classes populares”. Os dados apreendidos permitiram nos compreender os significados como socialmente construídos pela experiência da ação dos corpos dos sujeitos sociais e de suas escolhas possíveis. Enfim, problematizou-se o sentido da atividade humana como um domínio decisivo no processo de adoção das medidas preventivas de acidentes.
Despite the scientific and technological progress having bred highly “sophisticated” methods and devices, the struggle of human being against occupational accidents has not reached satisfactory results. The incidence of these accidents has been related to the set of actions that the human being, itself, plays in interaction with work. These actions, visible in a practical way, are vastly guided by the square of representations constructed by the position that the worker occupies in the world. Ahead this reality, in this present research it was searched to understand, in an edification of the civil construction sector in the city of Viçosa / MG, the degree of effectiveness of an individual protection equipment (IPE) as a measure for accidents prevention. Besides understanding the objective reality of the occupational risks, it was looked to understand how workers, as “men”, responsible for the work carried through in a “workmanship”, perceive and use this equipment that protects the body, articulating the prevention and risk process. During the data construction it was appealed to a direct observation and to a half-structuralized interview, searching to access the square of social representations that informed about the practices, defining of the validity of IPE, of determined “men” who are originated from “popular classes”. The apprehended data had allowed to understand the representations as socially constructed by the social citizens’ bodies’ action experience and by their possible choices. At last, the meaning of the human being activity was taken as a decisive domain in the process of adoption of accidents prevention writs.
Dissertação importada do Alexandria
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Kořínek, Radim. "Rychlé MRI metody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218408.
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This thesis deals with comparison of rapid and conventional methods used in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). There is a description of imaging methods such as EPI (Echo Planar Imaging), Ultra-fast GRE, FSE (Fast spin echo) as well as a snapshot-FLASH and FISP (Fast Imaging with Steady Precession). Experimental part of this thesis deals with the rapid FSE (Fast Spin Echo) method. Especially is explained and assembled an algorithm for proper compilation of data from the FSE method. This algorithm allows us to evaluate the images from the FSE method. This method is examined in detail (in terms of impact parameters) and compared with traditional conventional methods. Finally, the individual images are evaluated, and the best parameters for FSE method are identified.
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Pérez, Aros Pedro Antonio. "Subdifferential calculus in the framework of Epi-pointed variational analysis, integral functions, and applications." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150762.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Modelación MatemáticaLa investigación de esta tesis es presentada en seis capítulos, desde el Capítulo 2 al Capítulo 7. El capítulo 2 proporciona una demostración directa de una caracterización reciente de convexidad dada en el marco de los espacios de Banach en [J. Saint Raymond, J. Convexo no lineal Anal., 14 (2013), pp. 253-262]. Estos resultados también extienden esta caracterización a espacios localmente convexos bajo condiciones más débiles y se basa en la definición de una función epi-puntada. El Capítulo 3 proporciona una extensión del Teorema Br{\o}ndsted-Rockafellar, y algunas de sus importantes consecuencias, a las funciones convexas semicontinuas inferiores definidas en espacios localmente convexos. Este resulado es demostrado usando un nuevo enfoque basado en un principio variacional simple, que también permite recuperar los resultados clásicos de una manera natural. El Capítulo 4 continúa el estudio de la epi-puntadas no convexas, bajo una definición general de subdiferencial. Este trabajo proporciona una generalización del teorema del valor medio de Zagrodny. Posteriormente este resultado es aplicado a los problemas relacionados con la integración de subdiferenciales y caracterización de la convexidad en términos de la monotonicidad del subdiferencial. El Capítulo 5 proporciona una fórmula general para $\epsilon$-subdiferencial de una función integral convexa en términos de $\epsilon$-subdiferenciales de la funcion integrante. Bajo condiciones de calificación, esta fórmula recupera los resultados clásicos en la literatura. Además, este trabajo investiga caracterizaciones del subdiferencial en términos de selecciones medibles que convergen al punto de interés. El Capítulo 6 proporciona fórmulas secuenciales para subdiferenciales bornológicos de un funcional integral no convexo. También son presentadas fórmulas exactas para el subiferencial Limiting/Mordukhovich, el subdiferencial Geometrico de Ioffe y el subdiferencial de Clarke-Rockafellar. El Capítulo 7 proporciona fórmulas para el subdiferencial de funciones de probabilidad bajo distribuciones Gaussianas. En este trabajo la variables de decisión esta tomada en un espacio infinito dimensional. Estas fórmulas se basan en la descomposición esférico-radial de vectores aleatorios Gaussianos.
CONICYT-PCHA/doctorado Nacional / 2014-21140621 y CMM - Conicyt PIA AFB170001
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FONSÊCA, Rodrigo Bezerra. "Avaliação da eficácia do avental equivalente a 0,5 mm de chumbo em tomografia por emissão de Pósitrons através de simulações Monte Carlo." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9717.
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Previous issue date: 2008Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Em Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons (PET), os profissionais de saúde estão expostos a fótons de 511 keV, resultante do processo de aniquilação pósitron-elétron. Este valor é cerca de quatro vezes superior à energia média dos fótons com 140 keV, normalmente emitida em ambiente envolvendo Tomografia por Emissão de Fóton Único (SPECT). Apesar disso, aventais equivalentes a 0,5 mm de chumbo que já vem sendo utilizados em tarefas envolvendo a SPECT são empregados, também, na PET, independentemente da energia dos fótons emitidos. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia dos aventais equivalentes a 0,5 mm de chumbo na radioproteção individual de profissionais envolvidos em procedimentos para exames por PET. Para tanto, a energia média depositada por partícula foi calculada utilizando o método Monte Carlo, com auxílio do código MCNP4C, nas regiões correspondentes às grandezas operacionais Hp(10) e Hp(0,07), em duas situações de exposição individual: com e sem o uso do avental. Os resultados obtidos indicam que na região Hp(10) a dose absorvida com avental é estatisticamente igual a sem o uso do avental. Em relação à região Hp(0,07), o uso do avental acarreta um aumento de até 26% para a dose absorvida. Com base neste trabalho, aventais equivalentes a 0,5 mm de chumbo não oferecem proteção adequada aos profissionais de saúde envolvidos em procedimentos com Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons
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Santos, Sofia Catarina Jones Pêtas dos. "Insuficiência pancreática exócrina em gato." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15939.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA insuficiência pancreática exócrina tem sido uma doença pouco estudada em gatos, com poucos artigos científicos publicados acerca do tema, o que muito contribuiu para que esta doença continue a ser considerada rara nesta espécie. Esta síndrome ocorre devido a uma síntese e secreção inadequadas de enzimas digestivas produzidas pelo pâncreas exócrino. A inespecificidade da sintomatologia, que muitas vezes difere do quadro clínico típico da doença apresentado pelo cão, associada aos achados imagiológicos inconsistentes e às análises laboratoriais, geralmente, normais torna o seu diagnóstico difícil de estabelecer, e constitui um desafio na prática clínica. Não existe cura para a IPE e na maior parte dos casos o tratamento com suplementação enzimática prolonga-se por toda a vida do paciente. Este trabalho visa relatar dois casos clínicos de felinos com insuficiência pancreática exócrina, demonstrando a importância de considerar esta doença no diagnóstico diferencial em gatos de qualquer idade que apresentem sintomatologia digestiva vaga e inespecífica, de modo a realizar um diagnóstico correto, assim como um tratamento e monotorização adequados.
ABSTRACT - EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY IN THE CAT - Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency has been not much studied disease in cats, with few published scientific articles regarding the topic. That was highly contributed for this condition to be considered rare in this species. This syndrome occurs due to an inadequate synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes produced by the exocrine pancreas. The non-specificity of this clinical condition, which very often differs from the typical condition present in dogs, associated with the inconsistent imaging findings and laboratorial analysis that are often normal, make its diagnosis hard to determine, turning it into a challenge in clinical practice. There is no known cure for EPI and in the majority of cases, enzymatic supplementation treatment is extended throughout the patient's lifespan. The aim of this study is to report two clinical cases of felines with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, demonstrating the importance of considering this disease as a part of the differential diagnosis in cats of any age that show vague and unspecific digestive symptomatology, so as to perform an accurate diagnosis and correct treatment and monitoring.
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Otrebska-Machaj, Ewa. "The search for new inhibitors of bacterial efflux pumps among amine derivates of 5-Arylidenehydantoin." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5010.
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L’objet de ces recherches était de trouver de nouveaux EPIs du système d’efflux AcrAB-TolC dans les groupes de dérivés d’amine de la 5-arylidenehydantoine et de la 5-arylideneimidazolone. Dans la première étape de recherche, 32 nouveaux dérivés ont été obtenus après modification de la structure lead P2.Un screening théorique du risque toxique et la prédiction des propriétés médicamenteuses des composés ont été réalisés en utilisant le programme OSIRIS qui calcule différentes propriétés médicamenteuses pertinentes basées sur la structure planaire de la molécule.Dans l’étape suivante de la recherche, l’activité des composés a été évaluée par des études microbiologiques sur souches d’Enterobacter aerogenes avec différentes expressions de la pompe d’efflux AcrAB. La première étude effectuée était un test de sensibilité pour déterminer les CMI des composés afin de trouver une concentration à laquelle les utiliser avec des antibiotiques sans avoir l’influence de leur activité intrinsèque. Puis l’effet des composés sur la sensibilité des antibiotiques tels que l’acide nalidixique, le chloramphénicol, la doxycycline et l’érythromycine a été étudié. Après, le type de coopération avec les antibiotiques a été déterminé par la construction d’isobologrammes et le calcul de l’index de FIC. Les dernières études microbiologiques réalisées sont des tests d’efflux en temps réel qui utilisent un colorant fluorescent 1,2’-dinaphthylamine et ont permis de suivre directement le fonctionnement de la pompe. L’étude des relations structure-activité souligne le rôle essentiel de la nature amphiphile des EPIs dérivés de groupes arylidene de l’hydantoine et de l’imidazoloneThe purpose of this research was to find new EPIs of the AcrAB-TolC efflux system in groups of amine derivatives of 5-arylidenehydantoin and 5-arylideneimidazolone. In the first stage of the research 32 new derivatives of 5-arylidenehydantoin were obtained as a result of modifications of the lead structure P2. Theoretical screening of the toxicity risk as well as the prediction of drug-like properties of hydantoins/imidazolones synthesised were performed by using the OSIRIS program which calculates various drug-relevant properties based on a planar structure of the molecule.In the next stage of the research the activity of compounds was evaluated in microbiological studies. Strains of Enterobacter aerogenes with different expressions of the AcrAB efflux pump were used. The first study carried out was a susceptibility test determining the MICs of compounds in order to find a concentration that could be used in combination with antibiotics without the influence of an intrinsic antibacterial activity of the compounds. Then the effect of the compounds on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics such as nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, doxycycline and erythromycin was examined. After, the type of cooperation with antibiotics was determined based on isobolograms and the FIC index calculated. The last of microbiological studies was the real-time efflux (RTE) assay which used the fluorescent dye 1,2’-dinaphthylamine and allowed the functioning of the pump to be monitored directly. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis emphasized the essential role of the amphiphilic nature of the EPIs from the group of arylidene derivatives of hydantoin and imidazolone
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Merino, Barragán Vicente, Gómez Fernando Jiménez, and Crespo Guadalupe Sánchez. "Analysis of mental health factors in women who have undergone rubal sterilization." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102636.
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Using the Eysenk Personality Inventory and the Psychological Research Test by Bemot, Dumonr. Laurent and Philonenko, the authors have analysed diffetent personality lacrors in women who asked for rubal sterilization as irreversible birth-control method. A comparative study of 100 women (mean age of 35, a mean of 13 years of marriage and a mean of 4 childten) who underwent a rubal sterilization (experimental group) and 100 women (mean age of 31, 8 years of marriage and a mena of 2 children) who underwent a reversible birth control method (control group). Results showed no sign6cant differences between the experimental and the control groups with respect to Neuroticism {N-EPI) and Psychopathology Levels (PSY).Este trabajo ha analizado diferentes factores de personalidad en la mujer que solicita esterilización tubárica como método anticonceptivo irreversible, a través del Cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenk (EPI) y del Test de Investigación Psicológica de Bemot, Dumont, Laurent y Philooenlco {PSY). Se hace un análisis comparativo de 100 mujeres (con una edad promedio de 35 :años, 13 años de matrimonio en promedio y un promedio de 4 hijos) a las que se les ha realizado la esterilización rubárica (grupo experimental), y 100 mujeres (con una edad promedio de 31 años, 8 años de matrimonio y un promedio de 2 hijos) que solicitan un método anticonceptivo reversible (grupo control). Los resultados no muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos, con respecto a las variables de Neuroticismo (N-EPI) y de Balance Psicoparológico (PSY).
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Kovářová, Anežka. "Porovnání a optimalizace měření single-echo a multi-echo BOLD fMRI dat." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377659.
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This master’s thesis deals with functional magnetic resonance and monitoring of the effect of acquisition acceleration methods on the quality of functional images and observed BOLD signal. The basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging, the explanation of the specifics of functional magnetic resonance and the formation and scanning of BOLD signal are described here. Subsequently, there is the definition of fMRI experiment and description of sequences used for fMRI, focusing on aquisition acceleration techniques. The influence of sequence parameters on image quality and the data processing methods are explained aftewards. The practical part describes the parameters of used sequences, the acquisition procedure and the task for the subject during aquisition. Data from 26 healthy volunteers were obtained and analyzed afterwards. Based on this, the differencesbetween the different sequence variants were evaluated and the initial assumption that the multi-echo acquisition yields better results with faster measurements than single-echo was confirmed.
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Hedberg, Maria. "Personlighet, datorerfarenhet och upplevelseav datorfrustration." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Psykologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2113.
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I och med informationsteknologins snabba framväxt i samhället ställs vi också inför problem som hur vi ska handskas med denna utveckling. Forskning visar att fenomenet datorrädsla kan bero på faktorer som exempelvis erfarenhet, personlighet, attityd eller kön. Syftet med denna studie är dock att undersöka eventuella samband mellan datorrädsla, personlighet samt datorerfarenhet. Nittio studenter vid Högskolan Dalarna agerade undersökningsdeltagare (UD) genom att svara på en enkät bestående av tre delar; bakgrundsfrågor, ett personlighetstest sammansatt av Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) samt åtta scenarier, där UD fick skatta sin självupplevda stressnivå i olika situationer. Studien visar att såväl neuroticism som datorerfarenhet skulle kunna predicera datorrädsla. Starkast effekt på den självskattade stressnivån hade dock variabeln kön. Man kan även dra slutsatsen att fenomenet datorrädsla inte är en specifik slags rädsla, utan till viss del hänger samman med andra fobier.
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Ma, Yaning. "Characterization of Membrane Permeability and Polymer-Stabilized Model Membranes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193347.
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The permeability of lipid bilayer membranes to glucose and carboxyfluorescein has been studied in model membranes. Using an enzyme assay, the permeability of glucose was monitored spectrometrically with both large and giant unilamellar vesicles (LUVs and GUVs). The permeability of carboxyfluorescein was studied by entrapping the dye and monitoring its leakage over time from a single GUV. Permeability study using GUVs may provide new information that cannot be obtained from LUVs.The stability of lipid membranes was enhanced by incorporating polymer scaffold. LUVs were prepared with hydrophobic monomers partitioned and then polymerized inside the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayers. The sizes of the formed polymers were characterized using gel permeation chromatography and mass spectrometry. This study suggests that large molecular weight polymers were formed inside the lipid bilayers and that the stability of the membranes is related to the size of the polymers.
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Loughlin, Michael L. "EL MESÓN REGIONAL SURVEY: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY IN THE EASTERN PAPALOAPAN BASIN, VERACRUZ, MEXICO." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/2.
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This dissertation examines settlement patterns and political and economic organization at the archaeological site of El Mesón, located in the Eastern Lower Papaloapan Basin, in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Monumental art from the site indicated that the primary occupation dated to the Late Formative (400 B.C.-A.D. 1) or Protoclassic period (A.D. 1-300), however aside from a small surface collection of ceramic sherds, the area remained uninvestigated archaeologically. The Recorrido Arqueológico was initiated in 2003 to provide data about the development of settlement in the area around El Mesón, and to examine how the area was organized politically and economically.
The settlement data indicate that over the course of the Formative period El Mesón expanded from a medium sized village to become a secondary center to Tres Zapotes during the Late Formative period. The replication of Tres Zapotes’s civicceremonial architecture in the core of El Mesón indicates its subordinate status to the larger center. Over the course of the Protoclassic period, El Mesón was abandoned and a series of new architectural complexes proliferated in the area until the Late Classic period (A.D. 600-900), settlements in the El Mesón area declined.
In assessing the political organization I focus on how exclusionary strategies that focus of the personal prestige of the leader were combined with corporate strategies that promote group solidarity. I argue that based on the architectural layouts and internal organization of the civic-ceremonial complexes that exclusionary strategies predominated in the area, but corporate strategies were also promoted to reinforce group solidarity among factions.
This work complements ongoing work at Tres Zapotes by providing a perspective on the use of exclusionary and corporate strategies within secondary centers. This work contributes to the study of political systems more broadly by focusing on how different political strategies were integrated within political systems at the regional and local scale.
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Paz, Majluf Joshua. "PREVALENCIA DE ENFERMEDAD PÉLVICA INFLAMATORIA EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADAS EN EL SERVICIO DE GINECOLOGÍA DEL HOSPITAL CENTRAL DE LA POLICÍA LUIS N. SÁENZ EN EL PERIODO 2013 A 2014." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/718.
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Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria (EPI) en pacientes hospitalizadas en el servicio de ginecología del Hospital PNP Luis N. Sáenz en el periodo 2013 a 2014.
Materiales Y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, donde se revisó el cuaderno de egresos del servicio de ginecología y se recogieron los casos de pacientes hospitalizadas en el servicio de ginecología con diagnóstico de EPI entre los meses de Enero del 2013 a Diciembre del 2014.
Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de 4.07% para enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria, de un total de 958 hospitalizaciones ginecológicas en dicho periodo de tiempo. También se evidenció un error diagnóstico del 28,6% para EPI. La edad promedio de diagnóstico fue de 37.59 años (±9) con una edad máxima de 55 años. Mientras que los días promedio en que la paciente permaneció hospitalizada fue de 5,4 días.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia concuerda con la descrita en otras literaturas. El error diagnóstico y el promedio de edad de presentación de EPI, resultó ser un poco mayor que la otros autores. Los días de estancia hospitalaria promedio están dentro de lo esperado, pero con posibilidad de acortar este tiempo de permanencia en el hospital.
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Dutta, Shubhankar. "TOWARDS THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF 7-EPI-CLUSIANONE." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/79.
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Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are plant- (Guttiferae) derived natural products. They have fascinating bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione or [3.2.1]nonane-2,4,8-trione cores decorated with prenyl or geranyl groups. More than 200 PPAPs have been isolated, but only a few of them have been synthesized, although most of the synthesized PPAPs are of type A and have an exo substituent at C (7). Here, we are trying to make a type B 7-endo PPAP, 7-epi-clusianone. The synthetic plan involves an alkynylation–aldol strategy to construct the bicyclic core. Having established the bicyclic core, the synthesis presents a new challenge: the oxidation of a very hindered 2-alkenone to the β-hydroxy 2-alkenone.
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Viale, Laurence. "Contribution de la fonction achats dans le processus d'innovation des industries agro-alimentaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG001/document.
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Dans un contexte où l'injonction d’innover atteint son paroxysme, les différentes fonctions de l’entreprise sont à la recherche de processus susceptibles de renforcer leur capacité d’innovation. Notre recherche a pour objectif d’apporter un éclairage sur l’implication et la contribution de la fonction Achats dans le processus d’innovation des entreprises Agro-Alimentaires en construisant, d’une part, une typologie des acheteurs et en identifiant, d’autre part, certains facteurs organisationnels déterminants du succès de l'implication de cette fonction. Sur la base de nos résultats, l’implication réussie de la fonction Achats dans le processus d’innovation n’est pas l’affaire d’une performance particulière des facteurs inter-organisationnels mais plutôt le fruit d’une performance équilibrée sur un ensemble de composantes comme l’alignement des services et organisations en interne et externe, les compétences métacognitives des acheteurs, l’implication dans l’idéation, ainsi que l’attractivité interne et externeAt the heart of the company's strategy for a long time, and compounded by globalisation, innovation is becoming increasingly collaborative, open to external organisations such as suppliers who can play a prominent role in innovations (product or service design, organisational or technical). As Purchasing is the internal/external interface, this function may have an impact on the companies' ability to innovate. Beyond the suppliers' contribution, and within the other departments, the purpose of this thesis is to help clarify and characterise innovation by the Purchasing department, a multi-faceted notion, as well as identify the endogenous and exogenous factors conducive to innovation
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Gasull, Casanova Xavier. "Mecanismos adrenérgicos en la evacuación del humor acuoso." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1143.
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DE LA TESIUno de los fármacos que se sigue utilizando en el tratamiento del glaucoma es la EPI, debido a su acción hipotensora (I lOP). Los efectos de la EPI han sido estudiados en diferentes preparaciones tanto in vitro como in vivo y se ha descrito en detalle su mecanismo de acción a nivel de la formación del humor acuoso. Sin embargo, se desconoce su mecanismo de acción sobre la evacuación del humor acuoso. Es necesario, por tanto, estudiar los efectos de la EPI sobre la evacuación del humor acuoso y caracterizar los mecanismos celulares específicos activados por la EPI.
A pesar de que se han identificado diferentes tipos de receptores adrenérgicos en las células trabeculares no se conocen los subtipos farmacológicos implicados. Cabe suponer que cada subtipo de receptor adrenérgico (ai, ai, ßi, ß2, ßa, ß4) puede tener funciones diferentes en la regulación del la evacuación del humor acuoso. Por ello, deben establecerse los subtipos de receptores adrenérgicos presentes en las células trabeculares y cuáles de éstos están implicados en la evacuación del humor acuoso.
La activación de los receptores adrenérgicos de las células trabeculares debe, al igual que en otros tipos celulares, iniciar diferentes vias de señalización intracelular. Queda por estudiar en estas células, que vías intracelulares se activan por los adrenérgicos, que modificaciones producen sobre la facilidad de evacuación del humor acuoso, y cuáles son los segundos mensajeros implicados.
Se ha establecido que la estimulación adrenérgica modula, en las células trabeculares y en otros tipos celulares, los niveles de AMPc, aunque se desconocen los efectos de este segundo mensajero sobre evacuación del humor acuoso. En consecuencia, deben caracterizarse los efectos del AMPc sobre la facilidad de evacuación del humor acuoso.
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Merrifield, Gavin David. "Assessment of MRI scanner performance for preclinical functional studies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17888.
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) based studies are rapidly expanding in the field of preclinical research. The majority of these studies use Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) to measure Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal contrasts in the brain. In such studies the magnitude and statistical significances of these contrasts are then related to brain function and cognition. It is assumed that any observed signal contrast is ultimately due to differences in biological state and that scanner performance is stable and repeatable between subjects and studies. However, due to confounding issues introduced by in vivo subjects, little work has been undertaken to test this basic assumption. As the BOLD signal contrasts generated in such experiments are often very low, even small changes in scanner performance may dominate the BOLD contrast, distorting any biological conclusions drawn. A series of fMRI phantoms were produced to measure scanner performance independent of biological subjects. These phantoms produce specified signal contrast levels on demand during an fMRI scan by means of current-induced magnetic field gradients. These were used to generate data sets that emulated the BOLD signal contrast of in vivo imaging. Two studies examining scanner performance were then conducted on high-field preclinical MRI scanners. Firstly, in a longitudinal study on a single scanner, measurements were taken over a number of days across a week long period and then every two months over a year long period. Secondly, the behaviour of four preclinical scanners (three at 7T, one at 9.4T) was comparatively assessed. Measurements of several imaging parameters including contrast generated and functional contrast to noise ratio (fCNR) were obtained in both studies. If the scanners involved are truly comparable then they should generate similar measurement values. Across both studies parameter measurements showed significant differences for identical contrast settings on the phantom. Although signal contrast itself proved very comparable across the studies fCNR proved to be highly variable. As well as these measurements of longer tem behaviour proving variable, short and mid-term signal stability displayed a wide range of variability. Variations in the level and quality of both signal and noise were observed. Modelling of signal changes based on fundamental physical principles was also performed for comparison. The impact of these behaviours and variations on in vivo studies could result in skewed biological conclusions at any single site, with some sites exhibiting greater problems than others. The multisite results suggest potential difficulties when comparing biological conclusions between sites, even when using identical imaging parameters. In summary, these results suggest that a cautious approach should be taken with the conclusions of both fMRI and associated resting state connectivity studies that use EPI as their acquisition sequence. Improvements to both the experimental design of studies and regular quality monitoring of scanners should be undertaken to minimise these effects. Clinical MRI scanners should also be assessed for similar aberrations in behaviour.
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Dormer, Mia Emilie. "A hidden life : how EAS (Era Appropriate Science) and professional investigators are marginalised in detective and historical detective fiction." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33257.
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This by-practice project is the first to provide an extensive investigation of the marginalisation of era appropriate science (EAS) and professional investigators by detective and historical detective fiction authors. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse specific detective fiction authors from the earliest formats of the nineteenth century through to the 1990s and contemporary, selected historical detective fiction authors. Its aim is to examine the creation, development and perpetuation of the marginalisation tradition. This generic trend can be read as the authors privileging their detective’s innate skillset, metonymic connectivity and deductive abilities, while underplaying and belittling EAS and professional investigators. Chapter One establishes the project’s critique of the generic trend by considering parental authors, E. T. A Hoffmann, Edgar Allan Poe, Émile Gaboriau and Wilkie Collins. Reading how these authors instigated and purposed the downplaying demonstrates its founding within detective fiction at the earliest point. By comparing how the authors sidelined and omitted specific EAS and professional investigators, alongside science available at the time, this thesis provides a framework for examining how it continued in detective fiction. In following chapters, the framework established in Chapter One and the theoretical views of Charles Rzepka, Lee Horsley, Stephen Knight and Martin Priestman, are used to discuss how minimising EAS and professional investigators developed into a tradition; and became a generic trend in the recognised detective fiction formula that was used by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Freeman Wills Crofts, H. C. Bailey, R. Austin Freeman, Agatha Christie, Ruth Rendell and P. D. James. I then examine how the device transferred to historical detective fiction, using the framework to consider Ellis Peters, Umberto Eco and other selected contemporary authors of historical detective fiction. Throughout, the critical aspect considers how the trivialisation developed and perpetuated through a generic trend. The research concludes that there is a trend embedded within detective and historical detective fiction. One that was created, developed and perpetuated by authors to augment their fictional detective’s innate skillset and to help produce narratives using it is a creative process. It further concludes that the trend can be reimagined to plausibly use EAS and professional investigators in detective and historical detective fiction. The aim of the creative aspect of the project is to employ the research and demonstrate how the tradition can be successfully reinterpreted. To do so, the historical detective fiction novel A Hidden Life uses traditional features of the detective fiction formula to support and strengthen plausible EAS and professional investigators within the narrative. The end result is a historical detective fiction novel. One that proves the thesis conclusion and is fundamentally crafted by the critical research.
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Cordeiro, Maria Teresa. "Uso de Equipamento de Proteção Individual e suas Repercussões no Cuidar em Enfermagem no Serviço de Urgência." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/6156.
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Relatório de Trabalho de Projeto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Enfermagem Médico-CirúrgicaEste trabalho visa apresentar o Projeto de Intervenção em Serviço (PIS) e Projeto de Aprendizagem Clínica (PAC) realizados no Serviço de Urgência Geral (SUG) de um Centro Hospitalar da Margem Sul do Tejo, em contexto de estágio integrado no plano de estudos do 1º Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica da Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, e fazer uma análise reflexiva sobre as aprendizagens adquiridas à luz das competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Pessoa em Situação Crítica e Mestre em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica. No PIS, abordámos uma temática relacionada com o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) no SUG. Cientes da importância do uso de EPI na prevenção e controlo de infeção, aplicámos uma grelha de observação e um questionário à equipa de enfermagem do serviço. Após análise dos dados obtidos, fundamentámos a perceção inicial de que os enfermeiros por vezes não usavam EPI ou usavam-no de forma inadequada, potenciando a infeção associada aos cuidados de saúde (IACS). A IACS constitui um problema de saúde devido à elevada morbilidade e mortalidade e o uso de EPI faz parte integrante das precauções básicas garantindo a segurança dos profissionais e dos clientes (Pina et al, 2010). Propusemo-nos, então, divulgar boas práticas no uso de EPI desenvolvendo atividades como, formação/treino dos enfermeiros no uso de EPI, atualização do Procedimento Geral de Seleção de EPI e elaboração de instrumento de auditoria às práticas. Após deteção de necessidades através de entrevistas não estruturadas com a equipa de enfermagem e observação na prática, desenvolvemos o PAC. Elaborámos procedimento sobre cuidados de enfermagem ao cliente com entubação endotraqueal, assim como tabela de compatibilidades de medicamentos administrados por via intravenosa e desenvolvemos estratégias relacionadas com evacuação de clientes do SUG.
Abstract: This paperwork aims to present Service Intervention Project (SIP) and the Clinic Apprenticeship Project (CAP) made in the General Urgency Service (GUS) of an Hospital Centre on the South Side of Tejo, in context of internship integrated in the study plan of the 1st Masters Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing of the Superior School of Health of the Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, and to do a reflexive analysis of the learning acquired under the Specialist Nurse common and specific skills in a Critical Situation person and Master in Medical-Surgical Nursing. In the SIP, we approach a thematic related with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the. Aware of the importance of the use PPE in the prevention and control of infection, we applied an observation grill and a questionnaire to the service nursing team. After analysis of the obtained data we substantiated our initial perspective that nurses sometimes didn’t wear the PPE nor used it in the proper way, enhancing the Health Care Associated Infection (HCAI). The HCAI constitutes a health problem due to the high morbility and mortality and the use of PPE is an integrant part of the basic precautions guaranteeing the professionals and the clients’ safety (Pina et al, 2010). So we proposed to spread good practices in the use of PPE developing activities like formation/training of the nurses in the use of PPE, updating the Selection of PPE General Proceeding and elaboration of auditing instruments to the practices. After detecting the necessities trough non structed interviews with the nursing team and observation in practice, we developed a CAP. We prepared a proceeding about nursing cares to the endotracheal intubation and a compatibilities table of drugs administrated intravenously and developed strategies related with clients’ evacuation of the GUS.
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Debeb, Bisrat Godefay. "Molecular characterization of oct4-expressing yolk sac endoderm stem cell lines." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2657.
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Šumaj, Boris. "Návrh informačního systému pro správu nemovitostí pro Dolfin AM, s. r. o." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225116.
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Content of my diploma thesis is to set light to basics of database information systems. This thesis provides a summary of information system architectures. These information systems are analysed with focus on their effectiveness and efficient use in the enterprise oriented on real estate management. After analyzing these IS architectu-res, analysis of the selected company´s IS and company as such, follows the creation of design of an information system according to the estabilished facts, specifications and requirements for the particular company.
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Barbieri, Silvio Fernando. "Bancos de dados hierárquicos em inquéritos epidemiológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-11092008-140644/.
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Introdução - A preocupação com a qualidade e disseminação dos dados em inquéritos é crescente no mundo. A integração entre banco de dados, planejamento da amostra, questionário e entrada de dados é fundamental para que resultados observados sejam válidos e precisos. A bibliografia pesquisada apontou que os inquéritos raramente produzem arquivos organizados, padronizados e prontos para disseminação, o que impossibilita estudar diferentes objetos de investigação com base em informações já coletadas. Objetivos - Implementar modelo hierárquico para entrada de dados em inquéritos epidemiológicos. Métodos - Foi utilizada a UML (Linguagem de Modelagem Unificada) para o projeto lógico e o Makeview do Epi Info para obtenção das estruturas de dados. Os testes foram feitos em um setor censitário do inquérito Acesso a Medicamentos - FAPESP. A documentação foi gerada no Makeview com ajuda de uma macro do Excel. Resultados - O modelo permite criar arquivos relacionais flexíveis, conforme a necessidade do objeto de estudo, com unidades estatísticas escolhidas dentre os 4 níveis hierárquicos: setor censitário, domicílios, indivíduos e questões específicas. Conclusão - A possibilidade de criar infinitas visões sobre os dados representa um avanço em comparação com o modelo plano. Deve ser usado como padrão em inquéritos epidemiológicos, pois permite estudar o efeito de conglomeração das unidades de análise, além de viabilizar a disseminação com dados organizados. O Epi Info pode ser usado para implementar modelos hierárquicos que considerem as variáveis do plano amostral.Introduction - Concern about the quality and data dissemination in surveys is growing in the world. The integration between database, sample planning, questionnaire and data entry is fundamental to the accuracy and validity of the results. The bibliography showed that investigations rarely produce organized files, standardized and ready to dissemination, which makes impossible the study of various investigation objects based on information already collected. Goals - Implement hierarchical model for data entry in epidemiological surveys. Methods - It was used the UML (Unified Modeling Language) for the logical project and the Epi Info Makeview to obtain the data files. The tests were made in a census block of the Access to Medicines - FAPESP survey. The documentation was generated in Makeview with help of an Excel macro. Results - The model allows you to create flexible relational files, as the need to study subject, with statistical units chosen amongst the 4 hierarchical levels: census blocks, households, individuals and specific issues. Conclusion - The ability to create infinite views on the data represents a breakthrough in comparison to the flat files. It should be used as standard in epidemiological surveys, it allows studying the effect of conglomeration of analysis\' units, besides enabling the dissemination with organized data. The Epi Info can be used to implement hierarchical models that consider the variables of a sampling plan.
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Delbany, Maya. "Acquisition IRM optimisée en vue du dépistage du cancer du sein." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0018/document.
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L’imagerie pondérée en diffusion (DWI) représente un outil prometteur pour augmenter la spécificité de l’IRM mammaire en vue du dépistage du cancer du sein. L’épaisseur de coupe pour une acquisition ayant un rapport signal sur bruit suffisant et couvrant les seins dans un temps compatible avec un examen clinique, reste égale ou supérieur à 3 mm, limitant la possibilité de dépistage. Dans ce travail, une méthode DWI isotrope a été développée pour obtenir des images haute résolution isotropes (1x1x1 mm3) couvrant entièrement les seins. Ces images sont obtenues en combinant : (i) une séquence à train de lecture segmenté (rs-EPI) qui correspond à plusieurs segments de lecture EPI avec écho navigation, permettant d’obtenir de hautes résolutions dans le plan, (ii) une stratégie de super-résolution (SR) consistant à acquérir trois jeux de données avec des coupes épaisses (3 mm) et des décalages de 1 mm dans le sens de coupe entre chaque acquisition et (iii) une méthode de reconstruction dédiée pour obtenir des données isotropes 1x1x1 mm3. Plusieurs schémas de reconstruction basés sur différentes régularisations ont été étudiés. La SR proposée a été comparée aux acquisitions natives de 1x1x1 mm3 sans algorithme SR sur huit sujets sains et des fantômes synthétiques. Pour valider la méthode SR, nous avons utilisé plusieurs méthodes : des simulations Monte-Carlo, des mesures de SNR et des métriques de netteté et enfin le coefficient de diffusion apparent (ADC). Ces validations ont aussi été confirmées par des mesures expérimentales sur fantômes contenant des objets de dimensions et diffusion calibrées. Un nouveau protocole de recherche clinique est proposé pour évaluer l’efficacité de la séquence de diffusion à haute résolution sur le dépistage d’un cancer mammaire, dans le but de remplacer la séquence de perfusion avec injection de produit de contraste utilisée en IRM mammaireDiffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a promising tool to increase the specificity of MRI for breast cancer screening. However, the field of view covering the breasts makes the DWI at high resolution difficult and the images obtained have low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The current DWI techniques are limited by the spatial resolution, mainly a slice thickness greater than or equal to 3 mm. In this work, an isotropic DWI method was developed to obtain high resolution isotropic images (1x1x1 mm3) covering the entire breast. These images are obtained by combining: (i) a readout-segmented DW-EPI sequence (rs-EPI), with several segments of k-space and echo navigator providing high in-plane resolution, (ii) a super-resolution (SR) strategy, which consists of acquiring three datasets with thick slices (3 mm) and 1mm-shifts in the slice direction, (iii) and combining them into a 1x1x1 mm3 dataset using a dedicated reconstruction. Several SR reconstruction schemes were investigated, based on different regularizations. The proposed SR strategy was compared to native 1x1x1 mm3 acquisitions (i.e. with 1 mm slice thickness) on eight healthy subjects, and synthetics phantoms. To validate the SR method, we used several methods: Monte Carlo simulations, SNR measurements and sharpness metrics, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in normal breast tissue and breast diffusion/resolution phantom were also compared. A new clinical research protocol is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the high resolution diffusion sequence on breast cancer screening. The aim of this protocol is to replace the contrast-enhanced perfusion by the diffusion sequence for screening
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Jovana, Francuz. "Nove izostere i bioizostere prirodnih stiril-laktona: dizajn, sinteza i antiproliferativna aktivnost." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=93661&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U radu su ostvarene višefazne sinteze većeg broja analoga prirodnih stiril-laktona (+)-goniofufurona i 7-epi-(+)-goniofufurona polazeći iz D-glukoze.Ispitana je in vitro citotoksičnost sintetizovanih analoga prema devetmalignih i jednoj zdravoj ćelijskoj liniji. Uspostavljeni su korelacioni odnosiizmedju strukture i antiproliferati vne aktivnosti sintetizovanih proizvoda, pored toga uradjeni su i dodatni biološki testovi koji se odnose na dokazivanje mehanizma citotoksičnog dejstva pomenutih stiril-laktona i analoga.Multistep synthesis of a number of natural styryl lactones goniofufurone and 7-epi-goniofufurone analogues was achieved starting f rom D-glucose. In vitro cytotoxicity of newly synthetized analogues against nine human tumour cell lines and against a single normal cell line was evaluated. Structure-activity relationships were established for both natural products and analogues. Some additional biological tests related to the cell mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of the mentioned styryl lactones and analogues, were also carried out.
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AL-Bayati, Ammar Sami. "Breeding for Tomato Resistance to Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/114.
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Cultivated tomato plants are extremely susceptible to the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Selection for pest resistance is usually a crucial step required to achieve successful genetic resistance transfer from wild into cultivated tomato genotypes. S. habrochaites LA2329, a wild relative of tomato, is highly resistant to arthropods. Its resistance has been attributed to the presence of a high density of type IV and type VI trichomes and abundant production of 7-epi-zingiberene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon. The interspecific backcross hybrids used in this research were derived from the cross between the wild relative tomato, S. habrochaites LA2329, and the cultivated tomato, S. lycopersicum ‘Zaofen 2’ (ZH2). This population has been directly selected for type IV trichome density and zingiberene. The arthropod resistance status of the backcross hybrids was unknown when this research was initiated. Thus, the main objective of the research was to verify the transfer of arthropod resistance from S. habrochaites to cultivated tomato. The effects of glandular trichome densities and leaf zingiberene contents on spider mite behavior and biology were also explored. Also, the chemical composition of the trichome secretions in the wild tomato donor is segregating for presence and abundance of sesquiterpenoids related to zingiberene. The bioactivity of these sesquiterpenoids was explored in this research.
To evaluate the relative bioactivities of zingiberene alcohol and 7-epizingiberene, extracted from glandular trichomes of Solanum habrochaites accession LA2329, as well as alpha-zingiberene obtained from ginger oil, these were purified by silica gel chromatography and bioassayed with two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) using a bean leaf disc bioassay. Zingiberene alcohol was most efficacious and alpha-zingiberene, was least efficacious, while the efficacy of 7-epizingiberene was intermediate. Thus, tomato breeders should consider introgression of the genes responsible for the oxidation of 7-epizingiberene into zingiberene alcohol to potentially improve the spider mite resistance of cultivated tomato. Also, it is possible that this compound may be exploited as eco-biopesticide approach for integrated pest management against a broad spectrum of herbivorous pests.
To verify transfer of arthropod resistance, a bioassay utilizing whole leaves was employed. Nine hybrids (BC3F3 and BC3F4) were chosen for this bioassay, based on variation of type IV trichome density and zingiberene concentration among the hybrids. The experiment also included three susceptible and three resistant control plants. Mite responses on some of the hybrids were similar to those on the resistant wild donor parent, S. habrochaites, as indicated by number of leaflet surfaces infested by mites, degree of mite webbing and feeding damage. Egg density on four backcross hybrids was similar to that on the S. habrochaites resistant controls. Based these results, we concluded that resistance had been successfully transferred from the wild accessions to the hybrids by deployment of backcrossing and indirect selection. There was a significant negative correlation of almost all mite behavioral and biological responses with Type IV trichome density and zingiberene content. This bioassay illuminated behavioral variations of mites associated with presence or absence of leaf compounds and glandular trichome densities. Also, the results support the idea that introgression of type IV trichomes and zingiberene has led to effective spider mite resistance.
In another bioassay-based experiment to verify transfer of resistance, seven interspecific backcross hybrids (BC3F2), the resistant parent LA2329, and two susceptible cultivated tomato lines, the recurrent parent ZH2 and ‘Small Roma’, were used in thumbtack bioassays. Mite movement was measured by imaging bioassayed leaves at 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min intervals. In addition to confirming transfer of spider mite resistance, other objectives included determination of the relative contributions of type IV and VI trichome densities and leaf compounds to mite behavior over time intervals. Our findings confirmed the transfer of mite repellency from the wild resistant parent to advanced backcross hybrids. Several backcross hybrids performed similarly to the wild donor parent, displaying shorter distances traveled on the leaves after 15 and 30 min. The type IV and type VI trichome densities as well as zingiberene contents had a significant positive correlation with the number of spider mites remaining on tack. There was a significant negative correlation of type IV density and zingiberene concentration with the total distance travelled by mites for both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces across most time intervals. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the type IV trichome density was the most critical factor, and zingiberene content was a secondary factor across over most time intervals. T. urticae remained longer on the thumbtack heads and traveled shorter distances on the leaf surface of the wild donor parent LA2329 and the interspecific hybrids compared to S. lycopersicum leaves. These results indicated that introgression of genetic resistance, especially repellence, against spider mite from the wild relative into cultivated tomato varieties has been successfully achieved.
In conclusion, trichome type IV and/or zingiberene content has been successfully transferred from the wild relative into interspecific tomato hybrids, and the hybrids show significant adverse impact on spider mite behavior and/or biology in whole leaf and thumbtack bioassays. Type IV trichome density is the most crucial factor in mite deterrence while zingiberene seemed to be a second key factor across most of time durations for both surfaces. Collectively, several backcross hybrids had similar leaf characteristics to the S. habrochaites LA2329, also may be a potential source of resistance to other insect pests.
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Kvita, Lukáš. "Analýza podnikových procesů, výběr a návrh implementace ERP systému ve vybrané společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318597.
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This master thesis focuses on the analysis of business processes and information flows in a small manufacturing company. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to theoretical bases which are necessary for understanding the problem. The second part focuses on the current situation in the company, its processes and the use of IS/ICT technology. The evaluation of an appropriate ERP systems and the implementation process of the ERP system are mentioned in the last part of this thesis.
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Koudri, Ahmed. "Efficacite des entreprises publiques et dynamique industrielle en algerie." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11021.
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La restructuration des entreprises publiques industrielles (e. P. I. ) amorcee en 1980 par l'etat algerien vise a leur redonner efficacite et rentabilite et a redynamiser le secteur public industriel. Notre these se propose d'etudier l'efficacite des e. P. I. Pour la periode anterieure a la restructuration. L'etude des performances intrinseques des e. P. I. , au moyen d'indicateurs techniques, economiques et financiers, s'avere utile mais limitee. Il apparait necessaire d'examiner les resultats des e. P. I. En fonction des moyens qui leur avaient ete alloues et des objectifs qui leur etaient assignes par la politique d'industrialisation menee par l'etat. Cette analyse permet de nuancer le jugement d'ensemble negatif porte sur les performances des e. P. I. . Cette these se propose aussi d'analyser dans quelle mesure l'operation de restructuration et les differentes mesures d'accompagnement (introduction de mecanismes de regulation par le marche) peuvent imprimer une dynamique reelle et simultanee des e. P. I. Et du systeme productif algerienThe reorganization of industrial public enterprises (i. P. E. ) undertaken in 1980 by the algerian state tends to give them back profitability, efficiency and dynamics to the industrial public sector. Our thesis intends to study the i. P. E. 's efficiency before 1980. The study of the intrinsic performances of the i. P. E. , by means of technical, economic and financial indicators, proves useful but limited. Its seems necessary to examine the i. P. E. 's results according to the allocated devices and to the purposes which were assigned by the industrialization policy of the state. This analysis allows us to moderate the negative judgement carried on the i. P. E. 's performances. This thesis also intends to analyse to what extent the operation of reorganization and the measures resulting from this (introduction of mechanisms of market regulation) can impart a dynamics to the i. P. E. And at the same time to the algerian productive system
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Ribeiro, Sofia Mariz. "Clínica e cirurgia de animais de companhia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/22459.
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Este relatório realizou-se no âmbito do estágio curricular na Associação Zoófila Portuguesa que decorreu no período de três de outubro de 2016 a três de abril de 2017. A primeira parte incide na casuística acompanhada ao longo do estágio nas diferentes áreas médicas. A segunda parte consiste na revisão bibliográfica sobre insuficiência pancreática exócrina em gatos, completada com um caso clínico acompanhado durante o estágio.
A insuficiência pancreática exócrina é uma condição caracterizada pela má assimilação de nutrientes devido à síntese e secreção insuficiente de enzimas digestivas e outros componentes pela porção exócrina do pâncreas. Em gatos é considerada rara e a principal causa é a pancreatite crónica. O diagnóstico implica a mensuração da concentração sérica de TLI. O tratamento baseia-se inevitavelmente na suplementação com enzimas pancreáticas e vitamina B12. Embora seja uma condição irreversível os pacientes conseguem ter uma boa qualidade de vida com um tratamento e monitorização adequados; Abstract:
Clinical and Surgery of Small Animals
This report was elaborated following an internship at the Associação Zoófila Portuguesa from October 3rd, 2016 to April, 3rd, 2017. The first part focuses on the case load followed during the internship in the different medical areas. The second part consists of a review on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats, along with the report of a case followed during the internship.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a condition characterized by the poor assimilation of nutrients due to insufficient synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes and other components by the exocrine portion of the pancreas. In cats, it is considered rare and its main etiology is chronic pancreatitis. The diagnosis implies the measurement of the serum concentration of TLI. The treatment is inevitably based on supplementation with pancreatic enzymes and vitamin B12. Although it is an irreversible condition, patients can achieve a good quality of life with adequate treatment and monitoring.
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Zardoya, Igllesias Raquel. "El catalanisme del Postfranquisme als nostres dies (1976-2003).Una història comparada del nacionalisme polític català: Els casos de CiU i d´ERC." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/359387.
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En paraules de Josep Termes el catalanisme històric és un moviment de defensa de la identitat i de lluita per aconseguir un autogovern per a Catalunya, lluny del centralisme i de l´uniformisme. Ha estat, i és, un moviment complex i plural en el qual conviuen doctrines, estratègies i polítiques molt diferents, en què combreguen catòlics i ateus, separatistes i indiferents a les formes de govern, gent conservadora i de l´esquerra, homes de cultura i d´altres de poc lletrats. És considerat també interclassista. Per tant, com bé diu Termes, <The principal objective of my doctoral thesis is the evolution of catalanism through the principals Catalan political parties (PSC, PSUC, ERC, CDC, UDC, AP, CC, UCD) and through the civil society, from post-Franco stage (1976), to the final of the Pujolisme stage (2003). Ultimately, reflect as during Transition the principal Catalan political parties defended the Catalonia´s political reconstruction from national axis, I mean, defending the Catalonia´s self-government, and from 1980 they developed to left- right axis. Only CiU and ERC continued to defend national reconstruction policies in their electoral program as main objective. The rest of the Catalan political parties prioritized socials policies although continued to defend the Catalonia´s self-government, each from their ideological convictions: federalists, confederalists, etc. The doctoral thesis to reflect also the parallel evolution between CiU and ERC through a comparative analysis of their national projects observing points of divergence and convergence. This analysis finish in 2003 when CiU lost The Government of Catalonia after twenty-three years, and ERC, after getting a big rise from 1996, get come to Catalonia´s Government through the Tripartit. Finally, this thesis to reflect also the beginning of the internal evolution from CDC to right to decide. This evolution hasn´t happened, unlike as some think, from the constitutional judgment in july 2010 about Estatut de Catalunya, but it´s an idea that the current President of Catalonia Artur Mas began to defend first publicly the January 20th 2002 when he was introduced as an official candidate for the regional elections 2003, pushed by a new context did he change the way he thinks Catalonia and overcome autonomy defended until then by the ex-president of Catalonia Jordi Pujol. Furthermore, it should be emphasized the evolution of a new generation inside of CDC from the JNC as for example Carles Campuzano, Meritxell Borràs, Josep Rull, etc, belonging to the Sinepsi´s group, it´s a post-pujolista group that from 90´s were coming to power and they helped change the course of CDC.
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Santos, Silvana dos. "A busca pelo parto natural e motivações para o preparo do assoalho pélvico com o epi-no." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3282.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-26This work entitled "The search for natural childbirth and motivations to prepare the pelvic diaphragm with the epi-no" has as main objectives: to understand the elements involved in the choice of women for natural childbirth, identify motivations for the preparation of the pelvic diaphragm with the epi-no, seeking natural childbirth and identify the components that facilitate and those that hinder this choice. Was carried out with women who were part of the Epi-no Program, Health Laboratory initiative of Women of University of São Paulo, between 2013 and 2014. This is a qualitative research, for which we used as theoretical and methodological approach, Feminism Dialogic proposed by Lygia Puigvert (2001) and the Critical Communicative Methodology (MCC) proposed by Gomez et al (2006), both anchored in theoretical frameworks of Dialogic Learning, which in turn are based on concept of Communicative Action Habermas (1999) and dialogical of Paulo Freire (1994; 2005). The MCC seeks to identify the transformative dimensions, that is, those that promote or facilitate, in this case, a pleasurable experience of childbirth and cause difficulties dimensions, that is, those that represent a barrier to this experience, both relating to the categories of life and world system. Data collection began in November / 2013, and the analysis was organized as the basic level of analysis proposed by the MCC. Eight women were interviewed, seven of them completed the two phases of the communicative account, according to the methodology and there was canceling an interview, due to loss of material. The women were between 22 and 38 years with predominance of age above 30 years, all had a partner, five were primiparous (1st pregnancy) and two multiparous (2 or more pregnancies), with a history of cesarean section and abortion and all performed in childbirth hospital environment. The results showed that the discovery of pregnancy urged to talk with family, friends and health professionals about natural childbirth; aroused the personal search for information (books, magazines, internet, support groups natural childbirth); motivated to prepare the pelvic diaphragm with epi-no, among others. Childbirth, previously seen as traumatic and surrounded interventions (oxytocin, episiotomy, Kristeller) and suffering, in general gained a new meaning, exchanging a traumatic experience for a autonomous, self-control, fulfilling and unforgettable experience. The dimensions that transformed the labor context were linked to the experience of women and were related to world of life category. The analysis showed that they were more promising than category system, in other words , institutions, spaces, organization systems and guidelines governed by power or money. The processing dimensions were represented by groups who take the initiative to provide the dissemination of knowledge to women or who brought innovations (epi-no equipment, for example). In the case of cause difficulties dimensions, it was observed that the elements that related to the system and those related to the world of life is presented in similar numbers, showing that the woman is motivated to prepare the natural birth is difficult, both in his personal / family life, as in institutions. This work demonstrated that the changes initiated in the world of life category and that women rethought their way to see the birth, overcame their fears and naturelly tried to "convince" people around them. In the population studied was noted that the epi-no reduced lacerations, episiotomies warned, however in some cases did not prevent lacerations 1st degree. It is hoped that this work contribute to reflections on the delivery care model in order to rescue the female autonomy in childbirth and reduce myths and anxiety around the issue, reaffirming the importance, both from a personal point of view as a social and epidemiological , to follow the recommendations of the World Health Organization, as regards the issue of labor and birth.
O presente trabalho intitula-se A busca pelo parto natural e motivações para o preparo do assoalho pélvico com o epi-no e teve como principais objetivos: compreender os elementos envolvidos na escolha da mulher pelo parto natural, identificar motivações para o preparo do assoalho pélvico com o epi-no, visando o parto natural e identificar as dimensões que facilitam e aquelas que dificultam essa escolha. Foi realizado com gestantes que faziam parte do Programa de Epi-no, iniciativa do Laboratório de Saúde da Mulher de uma Universidade do interior de São Paulo, entre os anos 2013 e 2014. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, para a qual se utilizou como referencial teórico-metodológico, o Feminismo Dialógico proposto por Lygia Puigvert (2001) e a Metodologia Comunicativa Crítica (MCC) proposta por Gomez et al (2006), ambos ancorados nos referenciais teóricos da Aprendizagem Dialógica, que por sua vez se baseiam no conceito da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas (1999) e na Dialogicidade de Paulo Freire (1994; 2005). A MCC busca identificar as dimensões facilitadoras, ou seja, aquelas que promovem, neste caso, uma vivência prazerosa do parto e as dimensões dificultadoras, ou seja, aquelas que representam uma barreira à esta vivência, relacionando ambas às categorias mundo da vida e sistema. A coleta de dados foi iniciada em novembro/ 2013 e a análise foi organizada conforme o nível básico de análise proposto pela MCC. Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres, sete delas concluíram as duas fases do relato comunicativo, de acordo com a metodologia e houve cancelamento de uma entrevista, devido à perda de material. As mulheres tinham entre 22 e 38 anos com predominância de idade acima dos 30 anos, todas tinham companheiro, cinco eram primíparas (1ª gestação) e duas multíparas (2 ou mais gestações), com histórico de cesárea e abortos e todas realizaram o parto no ambiente hospitalar. Os resultados mostraram que a descoberta da gravidez incitou, nessas mulheres, curiosidade em dialogar com familiares, amigos e profissionais da saúde sobre o parto natural; despertou a busca pessoal por informações (livros, revistas, internet, grupos de apoio ao parto natural); motivou para o preparo do assoalho pélvico com o epi-no, entre outros. O parto, visto anteriormente como traumático e cercado de intervenções (ocitocina, episiotomia, Kristeller) e sofrimento, em geral ganhou um novo significado e passou de uma experiência traumatizante para uma experiência autônoma, de autocontrole, realizadora e inesquecível. As dimensões que facilitam o contexto do parto estavam ligadas à vivência das mulheres e se relacionaram a categoria mundo da vida. A análise mostrou que foram mais promissoras do que aquelas que se apresentaram a categoria sistema, ou seja, as instituições, espaços, sistemas de organização e diretrizes reguladas pelo poder ou dinheiro. As dimensões facilitadoras foram representadas por grupos que tomam a iniciativa de proporcionar a difusão de conhecimento para as mulheres ou que trouxeram inovações (equipamento epi-no, por exemplo). No caso das dimensões dificultadoras, observou-se que, os elementos que se relacionaram ao sistema e os que se relacionaram ao mundo da vida se apresentaram em números equiparados, demonstrando que a mulher que se motiva para o preparo do parto natural encontra dificuldades, tanto em sua vida pessoal/familiar, quanto nas instituições. Este trabalho demonstrou que as mudanças iniciaram no mundo da vida e que as mulheres repensaram sua forma de ver o parto, superaram seus medos e tentaram contagiar as pessoas em seu entorno. Na população estudada notou-se que o epi-no reduziu as lacerações, preveniu episiotomias, porém em alguns casos não evitou lacerações de 1º grau. Espera-se com este trabalho contribuir para reflexões acerca do modelo de atenção ao parto, de forma a resgatar a autonomia feminina no parto e reduzir mitos e ansiedade em torno do tema, reafirmando a importância, tanto do ponto de vista pessoal como social e epidemiológico, de atender as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, no que se refere às questões do parto e nascimento.
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Rifai, Khaldoun. "Etude des modifications épigénétiques en fonction de l'agressivité du cancer sporadique du sein : l'implication de l'histone désacétylase SIRT1 dans la progression tumorale." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS011/document.
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Avec 59 000 nouveaux cas en 2017, le cancer du sein est le cancer le plus fréquemment diagnostiqué chez les femmes françaises, et pose un réel problème de santé publique en France, mais aussi au niveau mondial. Il est bien établi que la complexité de la carcinogenèse implique des modifications épigénétiques profondes qui contribuent au processus du développement tumoral. La dérégulation des marques d'histones acétylées H3 et H4 font partie de ces modifications. L'acétylation et la désacétylation des protéines sont des modifications posttraductionnelles majeures qui régulent l'expression des gènes liés au cancer et à l'activité d'une myriade d'oncoprotéines. Ainsi, une activité désacétylase aberrante peut alors favoriser ou supprimer la tumorigenèse dans différents types de cancers humains, y compris le cancer du sein. La désacétylase SIRT1 et l’acétyltransférase TIP60 sont 2 enzymes épigénétiques antagonistes qui sont impliquées dans l'apoptose, la régulation des gènes, la stabilité génomique, la réparation de l'ADN, et le développement du cancer. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons étudié la dérégulation des profils d’acétylation des histones H3 et H4 dans les différents sous-types moléculaires du cancer du sein, et investigué l’implication de SIRT1 et de TIP60 dans la progression tumorale de cancer du sein. Tout d’abord, nous avons signalé les rôles de SIRT1 et de TIP60 comme des biomarqueurs pronostiques potentiels en révélant leurs expressions différentielles en fonction de l’agressivité du cancer. Ensuite, nous avons montré leur régulation épigénétique différentielle des cibles histones en fonction du sous-type moléculaire, ainsi que leur modulation de la marque activatrice H3K4ac. En outre, l’inhibition de ces 2 enzymes par des Épidrogues s’est avérée comme une stratégie efficace dans le traitement du cancer. Ces travaux mettent en relief alors, SIRT1 et TIP60 comme des cibles thérapeutiques potentielles du cancer sporadique du seinWith 59,000 new cases in 2017, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among French women, and poses a real public health problem in France, but also worldwide. It is well established that the complexity of carcinogenesis involves profound epigenetic deregulations that contribute to the tumorigenesis process. Deregulated H3 and H4 acetylated histone marks are amongst those alterations. Acetylation and deacetylation are major post-translational protein modifications that regulate gene expression and the activity of a myriad of oncoproteins. Aberrant deacetylase activity can promote or suppress tumorigenesis in different types of human cancers, including breast cancer. The deacetylase SIRT1 and the acetyltransferase TIP60 are 2 antagonistic epigenetic enzymes that are well implicated in apoptosis, gene regulation, genomic stability, DNA repair, and cancer development. In this manuscript, we identified the dysregulation of the histones H3 and H4 acetylation profiles in different molecular subtypes of sporadic breast cancer, and investigated the involvement of SIRT1 and TIP60 in breast tumorigenesis. First, we highlighted the roles of SIRT1 and TIP60 as potential prognostic biomarkers by revealing their differential expression patterns depending on breast cancer aggressiveness. Then, we demonstrated their differential epigenetic regulation of histone targets according to molecular subtype, and revealed their modulation of the H3K4ac epigenetic marker. Moreover, Epi-drugs mediated inhibition of these 2 enzymes has proven to be an effective strategy in the treatment of cancer. Thus, this work highlights the potential use of SIRT1 and TIP60 as epigenetic therapeutic targets for sporadic breast cancer
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Tejiokem, Mathurin Cyrille. "Prise en charge précoce de l’infection VIH chez les nourrissons dans un pays d’Afrique Subsaharienne à moyenne prévalence du VIH." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T058/document.
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Les recommandations de l’OMS sur la prise en charge des enfants nés de mères infectées par le VIH évoluent en fonction des nouvelles données scientifiques souvent issues d’essais thérapeutiques. Leur application en routine, surtout dans les pays à ressources limitées, devrait prendre en compte les contraintes opérationnelles locales pour guider les pratiques. Ce travail de thèse a été développé dans cette optique, avec pour objectif d’évaluer l’ensemble du processus de prise en charge de ces enfants avant l’âge de sept mois, depuis le dépistage précoce de l’infection VIH jusqu’à la mise en œuvre du traitement antirétroviral (ARV) systématiquement proposé dès le diagnostic de l’infection VIH, et leurs réponses aux vaccins administrés dans le Programme Elargi de Vaccination (PEV). Ce travail est issu de l’analyse des données collectées dans deux enquêtes : la cohorte ANRS-PEDIACAM initiée en 2007 et toujours en cours, menée dans trois hôpitaux urbains du Cameroun, et l’enquête transversale ACIP-EPIPEV, menée de novembre 2004 à Mai 2005 dans cinq hôpitaux du Cameroun et de la République Centrafricaine. Nos résultats ont montré que le diagnostic précoce du VIH et l’initiation des ARV chez les nourrissons étaient faisables et largement acceptés en routine dans les services de pédiatrie urbains. Parmi les nourrissons nés de mères séropositives inclus dans PEDIACAM, 89,7% ont été ramenés pour le test VIH à un âge médian de 1,5 mois (IQ : 1,4-1,6) et 83,9% ont complété le processus de diagnostic en revenant chercher les résultats du test avant l’âge de 7 mois. Les facteurs associés au processus incomplet reflétaient plus la qualité des soins prénataux et l’urgence du contexte obstétrical que les conditions environnementales. Parmi les nourrissons infectés par le VIH, 83,5% ont initié les ARV avant l’âge de 7 mois. Mais le processus d’initiation précoce des ARV a été considéré comme suboptimal chez environ un tiers d’entre eux. Les facteurs associés à ce retard étaient liés au système de soins, à la gestion des prélèvements et des résultats du test VIH. Enfin, dans l’étude EPIPEV, nous avons observé des proportions plus faibles de réponses vaccinales adéquates chez les enfants infectés que non infectés par le VIH, nés de mères séropositives. Cette différence était plus marquée pour le vaccin contre la rougeole (20% vs 60%). Le niveau de réponse observé chez les enfants non infectés nés de mères séropositives était néanmoins faible par rapport à celui attendu chez les enfants en population générale. Ce dernier résultat suggérerait que l’exposition au VIH pendant la grossesse pourrait entrainer un dysfonctionnement immunologique, même en l’absence de transmission du VIH à l’enfant. L’ensemble de ces travaux nous ont permis de cibler certains aspects pour améliorer le processus de prise en charge précoce des nourrissons exposés au VIH, portant sur l’organisation des sites, l’application effective des recommandations établies et la mise en place d’une coordination activeThe world health organization (WHO) recommendation updates regarding care of HIV-infected children reflects new scientific findings in clinical trials. Their implementation in routine practice, especially in resource-limited countries, should consider local operational constraints in order to direct good clinical practice guidelines. We put in place this work in order to evaluate the early care process of HIV-exposed infants aged less than 7 months including: early diagnosis of HIV, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and immune responses to vaccines administered by the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Our data were collected from two surveys: the current ANRS-PEDIACAM cohort which started in 2007, in three urban hospitals located in Cameroon, and the ACIP-EPIPEV cross sectional study conducted from November 2004 to May 2005, in five urban hospitals based in Cameroon and the Central African Republic. Our results strongly suggested that both early HIV diagnosis and initiation of ART in infants were feasible and well accepted in “real pediatric world urban settings”. Among HIV-exposed infants enrolled in the PEDIACAM study, 89.7% were tested for HIV at a median age of 1.5 months and 83.9% completed the process by returning for the result before 7 months of age. Incomplete process was associated to factors related to the quality of antenatal care and obstetrical emergency than environmental ones. Among HIV-infected infants identified, 83.5% started ART before 7 months of age. However, ART initiation was considered as suboptimal in approximately one third of them. Risk factors associated with this delay were related to the care delivery system, including delays in sample collection and turn around procedures. Finally, the EPIPEV study showed that antibody levels to EPI vaccines in HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers were higher compared to levels in HIV-infected children (60% vs 20% concerning measles vaccine), but lower than the levels described for children born to HIV-uninfected mothers. This result suggested an immunological dysfunction of HIV-exposed children which occurred during pregnancy and could affect their survival. Overall, our studies contributed in providing findings that could help in improving early care in HIV-exposed infants. These include the structural and functional organization of health structures, the effective implementation of current recommendations, and of active coordination
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Deau, Emmanuel. "Synthèse asymétrique de l’épi-jasmonate de méthyle et de son énantiomère (ent-épi-jasmonate de méthyle) par voie chimique et enzymatique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS326/document.
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Les jasmonates de méthyle sont des oxylipines asymétriques impliquées dans les mécanismes de défense, de développement et de régulation des organismes photosynthétiques terrestres ou marins face à des stress biotiques et abiotiques. Parmi les quatre stéréoisomères, seuls l’épi-jasmonate et l’ent-épi-jasmonate de méthyle possèdent de bonnes propriétés organoleptiques mais aussi une forte activité phytohormonale permettant l’élicitation de métabolites secondaires bioactifs. En ciblant spécifiquement une hexokinase mitochondriale régulant le métabolisme des cellules cancéreuses, les jasmonates de méthyle constituent d’excellents candidats pour de nouveaux agents thérapeutiques. Dans la recherche constante de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques issues du milieu naturel, notre laboratoire s’est donc focalisé sur la synthèse énantiosélective de l’épi-jasmonate et l’ent-épi-jasmonate de méthyle, au départ de diols bicycliques homochiraux monoprotégés dérivant du cyclooct-1,5-diène.Afin d’obtenir ces diols bicycliques énantiopurs, une stratégie innovante a consisté en l’étude de la réaction d’électrocyclisation du méso-époxyde dérivé du cyclooct-1,5-diène assistée par des ligands chiraux métallés diversement fonctionnalisés, les catalyseurs de Jacobsen. En mettant à profit notre savoir-faire sur les désymétrisations enzymatiques, une stratégie parallèle optant pour la résolution énantiosélective de diols homochiraux monocycliques, ou de diols bicycliques C2-symétriques nous a permis d’accéder à des silanyloxyindèn-5-ones chirales, précurseurs clé des cis-jasmonates de méthyle énantiopurs. Enfin, la synthèse racémique de deux jasmonoïdes clé, la (±)--jasmolactone, puis le (±)-épi-jasmonate de méthyle a été validée en 15 étapes à partir du cyclooct-1,5-dièneMethyl jasmonates are asymmetric oxylipins involved in defensive, developmental and regulative mechanisms of terrestrial and marine photosynthetic organisms in response to biotic and abiotic challenges. Among the four stereoisomers, only methyl epi-jasmonate and ent-epi-jasmonate show good organoleptic properties but also phytohormonal activity allowing the elicitation of bioactive secondary metabolites. Because they specifically target a mitochondrial hexokinase regulating the metabolism of cancer cells, methyl jasmonates have become excellent candidates as new therapeutic agents. With a constant attention on new therapeutic agents derived from the natural environment, our laboratory has focused on the enantioselective synthesis of methyl epi-jasmonate and ent-epi-jasmonate using monoprotected homochiral diols derived from cyclooct-1,5-diene.In order to obtain these chiral bicyclic diols, an innovative strategy has involved the study of the chemo-stereoselective electrocyclization of the cyclooct-1,5-diene-derived meso-epoxide assisted by chiral metallated ligands known as Jacobsen’s catalysts. Taking advantage of our knowledge of enzymatic desymmetrization, a second strategy opting for the enantioselective resolution of monocyclic homochiral diols or C2-symmetric bicyclic diols led access to chiral silanyloxyinden-5-ones, key precursors to chiral methyl cis-jasmonates. Meanwhile, the racemic synthesis of (±)--jasmolactone and methyl (±)-epi-jasmonate was validated in 15 steps starting from cyclooct-1,5-diene
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Godoy, Fernanda Ribeiro. "ANÁLISE MOLECULAR DOS POLIMORFISMOS DOS GENES GSTM1 E GSTT1 EM INDIVÍDUOS OCUPACIONALMENTE EXPOSTOS A AGROTOXICOS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2372.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-15The impact of pesticide on agricultural workers is an issue that has received attention from the scientific community worldwide. Occupational exposure of agricultural workers occurs due to lack of information or lack of skilled technical resources. These workers are exposed to pesticides in crops and this exposure may be responsible for genetic damage causing a health issue. A problem with the use of pesticides is the genotoxicity, which may lead to the onset of diseases. Little is known about the relationship between genotoxicity and genetic polymorphisms xenobiotics metabolism that can modify individual susceptibility. Therefore, there is a need to study genes as glutathione-S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and glutathione-Stransferase theta (GSTT1) encoding detoxification enzymes. These enzymes promote the conjugation of glutathione facilitating removal of xenobiotics. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the variability of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides in Goias municipalities that present intense agricultural activity. We evaluated 235 individuals which 120 were rural workers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 115 individuals were not exposed to pesticides, forming the control group. The exposed group consisted of 111 men and 9 women only getting an average of 39 + 9 years old. These workers were form 12 rural municipalities situated at Goias state with intense agricultural activity. It was found that 18% of the exposed individuals had the GSTT1 null genotype and 49% had the GSTM1 null genotype, and 10% had both null genotypes. Data as intoxication (41%), use of Personal Protection Equipment (52%) and if the worker handled the pesticide (7%), or if just applied the pesticide (22%) or if the worker manipulated and applied (71%) have all been correlated with genetic polymorphisms. There were no statistically significant differences between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms between control and exposed groups. Thus, the study of genetic polymorphisms as biomarkers of susceptibility is of fundamental importance in understanding the processes involved in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and could help minimize the risk to susceptible individuals who are exposed to pesticides.
O impacto do uso de agrotóxicos sobre os trabalhadores rurais é um problema que tem merecido atenção da comunidade científica em todo o mundo. A exposição ocupacional de trabalhadores agrícolas ocorre por falta de informação ou pela ausência de recursos técnicos qualificados. Esses trabalhadores estão constantemente expostos aos agrotóxicos que utilizam nas lavouras, e esta exposição pode ser responsável por danos genéticos causando um risco para a saúde. Um dos problemas da utilização de agrotóxicos é a genotoxicidade, que pode levar ao aparecimento de doenças. Pouco se sabe sobre a relação entre a genotoxicidade e a variação de polimosfismos genéticos de metabolização de xenobióticos que podem modificar a suscetibilidade individual aos efeitos genotóxicos dos agrotóxicos. Neste sentido, há a necessidade do estudo de genes como a glutationa-S-tranferase mu (GSTM1) e glutationa-S transferase teta (GSTT1) que codificam enzimas de detoxificação de compostos genotóxicos. Tais enzimas promovem a conjugação da glutationa facilitando remoção dos xenobióticos. Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade polimórfica de GSTT1 e GSTM1 em indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos a pesticidas, em municípios goianos com intensa atividade agrícola. Foram avaliados 235 indivíduos sendo que 120 eram trabalhadores rurais, ocupacionalmente expostos a agrotóxicos e 115 eram indivíduos não expostos a agrotóxicos, formando o grupo controle. O grupo exposto consistiu de 111 homens e apenas 9 mulheres obtendo uma média de idade 39 + 9 anos. Estes trabalhadores rurais eram de 12 municípios goianos com intensa atividade agrícola. Verificou-se que 18% dos indivíduos expostos possuíam o genótipo GSTT1 nulo e 49% apresentaram o genótipo GSTM1 nulo, e que 10% apresentaram ambos os genótipos nulos. Os dados como intoxicação (41%), uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI´s) [52%] e se o trabalhador apenas manipulava o agrotóxico (7%), ou se apenas aplicava o agrotóxico (22%) ou se manipulava e aplicava (71%), foram todos correlacionados com os polimorfismos genéticos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os polimorfismos dos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 entre os grupos exposto e controle (p = ˃ 0,05) . Dessa forma, o estudo de polimorfismos genéticos como biomarcadores de suscetibilidade é de importância fundamental na compreensão dos processos de distribuição genotípica envolvidos na mutagênese e carcinogênese e poderia ajudar a minimizar os riscos para indivíduos suscetíveis que são expostos a agrotóxicos.
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Sales, Bianca Rocha. "Potencial antitumoral do composto 7-epi-clusianona em linhagens celulares de câncer de mama humano cultivadas como monocamadas e esferoides." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-08122015-194807/.
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A biodiversidade de plantas brasileiras é uma fonte muito rica de moléculas bioativas, dentro da proposta da busca por novas drogas antitumorais, avaliamos neste estudo o potencial antiproliferativo do composto 7-epi-clusianona. Foram utilizadas duas linhagens celulares derivadas de tumor de mama humana, Hs 578T e MCF-7, cultivadas em monocamada e como esferoides. O IC50 após 48 horas de tratamento das células é de 20 μM para Hs 578T e 6 μM para MCF-7. A análise do ciclo celular mostrou que o composto é capaz de reter as células em fase G1/G0 em ambas as linhagens em 2D, mas não em 3D. O composto é capaz de induzir as células a senescência celular, como mostrado pelo ensaio de detecção de β-galactosidase. Esses dados indicam que o composto 7-epi-clusianona é uma molécula promissora, que demonstrou potencial antitumoral em células de tumor de mama. A cultura tridimensional se mostrou mais resistente ao tratamento com 7-epi-clusianona, portanto estudos mais abrangentes são necessários para melhor entendimento dos efeitos do composto sobre esse tipo de cultura.Brazilian flora is considered one of the most diverse in the world and natural products are some of the important sources of new antitumoral compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative potential of 7-epi-clusianone. Two cell lines derived from human breast tumor were used, Hs 578T and MCF-7, cultured in monolayer and as spheroids. The IC50 after 48 hours of treatment is 20 μM to Hs 578T cells and 6 μM to MCF-7 cells. Cell cycle analysis showed induction of cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase in cells cultured in monolayers, but not in spheroids. The amount of cells in senescence after the treatment with 7-epi-clusianone is higher than the control group, as seen by the senescence β-galactosidase staining assay. These data suggest that 7-epi-clusianone is a promising molecule against breast cancer cells. We show that 3D culture was more resistant to treatment than 2D culture, therefore more comprehensive studies are needed to better understand the effects of 7-epi-clusianone on this kind of culture.
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Ren, Yan. "L’apport alimentaire en iode, sélénium dans les ongles, et risque du cancer différencié de la thyroïde : analyses d’études cas-témoins du consortium Epi-Thyr." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS120/document.
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Contexte: L’iode est un micronutriment provenant des aliments. Il est établi que, dans les régions d'endémie goitreuse caractérisées par un apport d'iode insuffisant, l’incidence des goitres et des cancers différenciés de la thyroïde (CDT) de type folliculaire est plus élevée qu'ailleurs. En revanche, l’influence de l’apport alimentaire en iode sur le risque de CDT de type papillaire, forme représentant actuellement plus de 80% des CDTs dans la plupart des pays, ne fait pas l’objet d’un consensus. Il semble cependant que cette incidence soit plus élevée dans les îles du pacifique qu’ailleurs. Par ailleurs, les propriétés de protection redox du sélénium pourraient protéger la glande thyroïdienne et aider à maintenir la production d'hormones thyroïdiennes, mais la relation entre l’apport en sélénium et le CDT n’avait été que très peu étudiée.Objectifs: L’objectif général de ce travail de thèse était d'explorer la relation entre l'apport alimentaire en iode et le risque de CDT. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agissait 1) d’étudier la relation entre l’apport alimentaire en iode et le risque de CDT dans les cinq études cas-témoins du consortium Epi-Thyr, conduites en Nouvelle Calédonie, en Polynésie Française, en France métropolitaine (deux études) et à Cuba; 2) d’étudier l’interaction entre cet apport et quatre polymorphismes nucléotidiques (SNP) identifiés dans la plupart des études d’association pangénomiques (GWAS) comme associés au risque de CDT, ainsi qu’avec les facteurs de risque environnementaux connus ; et 3) d’évaluer l’intérêt du sélénium présent dans les ongles comme un bio-marqueur potentiel du risque de CDT.Matériel et Méthodes: La régression logistique conditionnelle a été utilisée pour analyser la relation entre l'apport alimentaire en iode et le risque de CDT d’abord dans l’étude Cuba incluant 203 cas et 212 témoins, puis dans l’ensemble des cinq études incluant au total 2162 cas et 2571 témoins. Les questionnaires alimentaires de ces cinq études étaient dérivés de ceux de l’étude de cohorte E3N. Les mesures de l’iode et du sélénium dans les aliments traditionnels polynésiens et cubains avaient été réalisées spécialement pour cette étude. Quatre SNPs avaient été génotypés, dont deux sur le gène FOXE1, un sur le gène ATM et un autre près du gène NKX2-1. Les mesures de l’iode, du sélénium et des autres oligoéléments métalliques avaient été réalisées dans les ongles des sujets de l’étude Polynésie Française.Résultats: Il n’a pas été observée, une association significative entre l’apport alimentaire en iode et le risque de CDT dans l’étude réalisée à Cuba. Dans l'ensemble des cinq études, la majorité des cas et des témoins ont été considérée comme présentant une carence légère en iode selon la classification du Réseau Mondial d'Iode (IGN). Bien que le risque de CDT ne soit pas lié à l'apport alimentaire en iode, ce risque était significativement réduit avec l’augmentation de la consommation de poisson, ceci de manière plus importante dans l'étude réalisée à Cuba que dans les autres. En outre, une augmentation de l’apport alimentaire en iode a été significativement associée à une diminution du risque de CDT uniquement dans l’étude réalisée en Polynésie Française et chez les Polynésiens. Une augmentation significative du risque de CDT associée au nombre de l'allèle mineur (A) du SNP rs965513 près de FOXE1 parmi les sujets qui ont consommé moins d'iode que la médiane dans l'étude réalisée à Cuba. Pour les femmes qui ont eu un nombre de grossesses élevé et qui étaient déficitaires en iode, l'augmentation de l'apport alimentaire en iode réduisait leur risque de CDT. Par ailleurs, il n’a pas été possible de mettre en évidence un intérêt du sélénium dans les ongles comme bio-marqueur prédictif du risque de CDTContext: Iodine is a trace element derived from food. In endemic goiter areas characterized by dietary iodine deficiency, it is established that the incidence of goiter and differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) of follicular type is higher than elsewhere. On the other hand, the influence of dietary iodine intake in the risk of papillary thyroid cancer which currently representing more than 80% of DTCs in most countries, has not achieved a consensus. It appears, however, that this incidence is higher in the Pacific islands than elsewhere. In addition, the redox protection properties of selenium could protect the thyroid gland and help to maintain the production of thyroid hormones, but few studies evaluated the relationship between selenium intake and DTC.Objectives: The general objective of this thesis was to explore the relationship between dietary iodine intake and DTC risk. More specifically, it was 1) to study the relationship between dietary iodine intake and the risk of DTC in five case-control studies of Epi-Thyr consortium, carried out in New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Metropolitan France (two studies) and Cuba; 2) to investigate the interaction between this intake and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified in most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as associated with DTC risk, as well as the interaction with the well-established environmental risk factors; and 3) to evaluate the benefit of selenium present in fingernails as a potential bio-marker of DTC risk.Materials and Methods: Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary iodine intake and DTC risk first in the Cuba study including 203 cases and 212 controls, and then in the pooled analysis of the five studies including a total of 2162 cases and 2571 controls. The dietary questionnaires of these five studies were derived from those in the E3N cohort study. Measurements of iodine and selenium in traditional Polynesian and Cuban foods were specifically carried out for this pooled analysis. Four SNPs were genotyped, including two of FOXE1 gene, one of ATM gene and another near NKX2-1 gene. Measurements of iodine, selenium and other metal trace elements were made in the fingernails of the participants of the French Polynesia study.Results: There was no significant association between dietary iodine intake and DTC risk in the Cuba study. In the pooled analysis of the five studies, the majority of the cases and the controls was considered as being in mild dietary iodine deficiency according to the IGN classification. Although DTC risk was not found to be linked to dietary iodine intake, this risk significantly decreased with high fish consumption, this reduction in DTC risk per quartile of fish consumption was more important in the Cuba study than in the other studies. Additionally, higher dietary iodine intake significantly associated with lower DTC risk only in the French Polynesia study and in Polynesians. A strong increase in DTC risk associated with the number of the minor allele (A) of the SNP rs965513 near FOXE1, among participants who consumed less iodine than the median value in the Cuba study. For the women who had a high number of full term pregnancies and who were iodine deficient, increasing dietary iodine intake may reduce their risk of suffering from DTC. Moreover, it was not possible to demonstrate an interest in fingernail selenium as a biomarker that predicts DTC risk
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Burešová, Ivana. "Analýza stavu připravenosti ČR na přijetí jednotné evropské měny." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257942.
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The Thesis Analysis of preparedness of the Czech Republic to adopt the single European currency is focused on integration process of the Czech Republic into the Eurozone. The Thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on the history of monetary cooperation in Europe, the European Central Bank and its instruments and also on the European currency. The practical part is dedicated to fulfilling the Maastricht convergence criteria and to procedures that are strictly related to adoption of the European currency, such as selection of scenarios and legislative preparations for euro adoption.
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Rion, Sylvain. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de tri automatique d'épis de mais, en temps réel, par visionique." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10357.
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Le travail présenté dans ce rapport concerne l'étude et la réalisation d'un système de tri automatique d'épis de maïs, en temps réel, par visionique. Le système traite des informations de couleur issues d'une camera CCD couleur matricielle. Les signaux couleur sont numérisés et codés en mode y, r-y, b-y. L'image numérique obtenue est ensuite segmentée pour aboutir à une représentation binaire ou trois bits attestent de la classe d'appartenance des pixels couleur. Les informations de segmentation sont alors utilisées pour comptabiliser les largeurs des épis ligne par ligne, pour les trois critères colorimétriques épi, vert et jaune. Ces largeurs sont extraites des épis par l'utilisation d'histogrammes temps réel en ligne. Le logiciel applicatif utilise les valeurs précédentes pour reconstituer les caractéristiques des épis utilisées pour aboutir à une décision de tri. L'extraction des surfaces connexes se fait en testant les différentes largeurs acquises. La reconstitution permet ensuite d'effectuer une série de tests dont la priorité tient compte des impératifs de la production. La décision de tri est concrétisée par un aiguillage mécanique de l'épi. Une tache est dédiée à la gestion des éjections, tandis qu'une deuxième est dédiée à la récupération des décisions. Enfin, une interface operateur permet de modifier les paramètres de tri en cours de production, sans arrêt du processus
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Clément, Thomas. "Recherche de liens entre expression d'ARN non codants et physiopathologies articulaires, utilisation des microARN comme biomarqueurs du phénotype chondrocytaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0113/document.
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L’arthrose est la pathologie articulaire la plus répandue et, avec l’allongement de l’espérance de vie, sa prévalence ne cesse d’augmenter. Elle se caractérise par une dégénérescence du cartilage articulaire associée à une inflammation synoviale et un remodelage anormal de l’os sous-chondral, qui résultent en une perte progressive de mobilité et des douleurs très handicapantes. Dans le cartilage, le chondrocyte est le seul type cellulaire et il est responsable de la synthèse des composants de la matrice extracellulaire (collagènes, protéoglycanes). Au cours de l’arthrose, le phénotype du chondrocyte est altéré et la balance synthèse/dégradation des composants matriciels est déséquilibrée en faveur de la dégradation du cartilage. Il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement permettant de ralentir efficacement l’évolution du processus arthrosique, de sorte que la recherche de biomarqueurs pertinents et de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles est en pleine effervescence depuis l’explosion de l’étude des microARNs. Les microARNs sont des petits ARNs non codants régulant négativement l’expression des gènes. On estime que 50% des gènes sont potentiellement régulés par les miARNs. Les miARNs semblent impliqués dans tous les processus biologiques majeurs tels que la différenciation cellulaire, l’apoptose ou encore la cancérisation. Ces petits ARN non codants sont donc des biomarqueurs potentiels très intéressants. Au cours de ces travaux de thèse l’implication des miARN dans la régulation du phénotype chondrocytaire a été étudiée. A partir d’un modèle de perte du phénotype chondrocytaire différencié, provoquée par des repiquages successifs ou une stimulation par l’IL-1β les variations du profil d’expression des miARNs ont été analysées par l’utilisation de puces dédiées. Ces données ont permis de mettre en évidence 43 miARNs candidats dont le cluster miR-23~27b~24-1 et miR-29b. L’étude de la régulation de la production différentielle des miARNs de ce cluster a été entreprise, sans que nous parvenions toutefois à apporter une réponse formelle sur les mécanismes impliqués. Néanmoins, nous avons identifié miR-29b comme un régulateur négatif de l’expression du gène codant Col-IIa1 au cours de la perte du phénotype différencié, ainsi que chez les chondrocytes « arthrosiques ». Enfin, comme il a été montré au laboratoire que l’équilibre entre les concentrations extracellulaires de pyrophosphate/phosphate inorganique (ePi/ePPi) était essentiel au maintien du phénotype chondrocytaire différencié, nous nous sommes intéressés à la régulation des gènes codant les acteurs protéiques impliqués dans cette balance (ANK, PC1, Pit-1 et TNAP). A partir de prédictions de cibles par analyse in silico, un panel de 4 miARNs candidats a été établi : let7e, miR-9, miR-188 et miR-219. Nos travaux avec des systèmes rapporteurs ont démontré l’implication de miR-9 en tant que régulateur négatif de l’expression des gènes PC-1, Pit-1 et TNAP, de façon cohérente ou non avec les prédictions bio-informatiquesOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent joint disease and its prevalence still grows with the increase in lifespan. OA is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, together with synovitis and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, leading to progressive loss of mobility and pain. Chondrocyte is the unique cell type in cartilage which accounts for the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagens, proteoglycans). During OA, chondrocyte phenotype is altered and the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation is impaired towards cartilage degradation. To date no treatment can efficiently reduce OA progression so that the search for reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets is very active, particularly since the discovery of microRNAs. miRNAs are estimated to regulate 50% of cellular genes. They contribute to major cellular processes such as cell differentiation, apoptosis or tumorigenesis. Therefore, miRNAs are interesting putative biomarkers. During this PhD thesis, we studied the contribution of miARNs to the control of chondrocyte phenotype. Using a model of chondrocyte differentiated phenotype loss induced by extensive subculturing or IL-1β challenge we studied changes in miRNAs profile with microarrays. We determined a panel of 43 varying miRNA including the miR-23~27b~24-1 cluster and miR-29b. The differential production of miRNAs from this cluster has been investigated, but we didn’t succeed in identifying the underlying mechanisms. However, we identified miR-29b as a negative post-transcriptional regulator of Col-IIa1 during differentiated phenotype loss and OA. Finally, as equilibrium between extracellular levels of inorganic phosphate and pyrophosphate (ePi/ePPi) was previously shown in the laboratory to be crucial for the maintenance of a differentiated chondrocyte phenotype, we studied the regulation of the genes encoding the 4 proteins regulating this balance (ANK, PC1, Pit-1 and TNAP). From in silico analysis, we selected a panel of 4 miRNAs: let7e, miR-9, miR-188 and miR-219. Using reporter assays, we showed that miR-9 was a negative regulator of PC-1, Pit-1 and TNAP, according or not to bioinformatics prediction
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Thomas, Mònica. "Factors emocionals associats a la conducta alimentària en adolescents. Adaptació i validació de l'EES-C i de l'EPI-C." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84094.
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Study of the impact of some emotional factors related to food intake. The research is based on the design and observational cross-cultural adaptation and validation of assessment tools for emotional eating (EES-C) and eating behavior (EPI-C) in 379 non-pathological adolescents (14 -18 years old).
The factorial structure, the concurrent validity, the discriminant and reliability of the original scales were maintained.
The girls showed a higher emotional intake in AAF in the EES-C and higher scores in DIER and EEAT in the EPI-C. The boys showed the higher scores in PAR.
We found significant differences between different types of emotional eating and sex in the AAF, and DEP subscales. A higher percentage of girls belonged to the type II and obtained the highest scores in Diet ChEAT and depressive symptoms by CDI assessment.
Diet restriction increased 3 times the risk of eating disorders, and greater parental control increased the risk of TCA twice.Estudi de la incidència de factors emocionals relacionats amb ingesta alimentaria. Disseny descriptiu, observacional i transversal d’adaptació i validació cultural dels instruments d’avaluació de la ingesta emocional (EES-C) i de la conducta alimentària (EPI-C) en 379 adolescents no clínics (14 -18 anys). Es mantingué estructura factorial, validesa concurrent, discriminant i fiabilitat de les escales originals. Les noies presentaren major ingesta emocional en AAF i UNS de l’EES-C i puntuacions més elevades en DIER i EEAT en l’EPI-C. Els nois presentaren puntuacions més elevades en PAR. Es trobaren diferències significatives entre tipologies d’ingesta emocional en AAF, DEP i UNS i diferències de sexe. Un percentatge més elevat de noies pertanyien a la tipologia II i obtingué puntuacions més elevades en DIETA mesurada pel ChEAT i simptomatologia depressiva avaluada pel CDI. La restricció dietètica augmentà 3 vegades el risc de TCA, i un major control parental n'augmentà el risc 2 vegades.