Academic literature on the topic 'EPSP-synthase'

The enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase catalyzes the sixth step of the seven-step shikimate pathway. Chorismate, the product of the pathway, is a precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, siderophores and metabolites such as folate, ubiquinone and vitamin K. The shikimate pathway is present in bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and apicomplexan parasites, but is absent in humans. The EPSP synthase enzyme produces 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and phosphate from phosphoenolpyruvate and shikimate 3-phosphateviaa transferase reaction, and is the target of the herbicide glyphosate. TheAcinetobacter baumanniigene encoding EPSP synthase,aroA, has previously been demonstrated to be essential during host infection for the growth and survival of this clinically important drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogen. Prephenate dehydrogenase is also encoded by the bifunctionalA. baumannii aroAgene, but its activity is dependent upon EPSP synthase since it operates downstream of the shikimate pathway. As part of an effort to evaluate new antimicrobial targets, recombinantA. baumanniiEPSP (AbEPSP) synthase, comprising residues Ala301–Gln756 of thearoAgene product, was overexpressed inEscherichia coli, purified and crystallized. The crystal structure, determined to 2.37 Å resolution, is described in the context of a potential antimicrobial target and in comparison to EPSP synthases that are resistant or sensitive to the herbicide glyphosate.

The target site of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] inhibition in plants and bacteria is 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase. Our strategy for developing glyphosate-resistant crops has been to genetically engineer plants with a gene that codes for EPSP synthase with low sensitivity in glyphosate. We cloned such a gene from thearoAlocus of a glyphosate-resistant mutagenized strain ofSalmonella typhimurium.The enzyme encoded by this gene has a single amino acid change resulting in lower affinity for glyphosate and higher affinity for substrates than either plant or wild-type bacterial counterpart. A chimaeric gene containing the mutantaroAgene behind the octopine synthase promoter was constructed and integrated intoAgrobacteriumT-DNA vectors. Analysis of gall tissue fromBrassica campestrisL. (turnip rape) infected withA. tumefaciensK12 containing this chimaera showed mRNA and protein expressed from the bacterial gene; 50% of the total EPSP synthase activity present had kinetic properties of the mutant bacterial enzyme. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL. ‘Xanthi′) plants have been regenerated from cocultivation withA. rhizogenescontaining the same construct; analysis indicates expression of the gene and enhanced tolerance to glyphosate.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Paracoccidioides spp. are thermodymorphic fungi that when inhaled by humans, these conidia find a favorable environment, changing to the yeast phase and becoming pathogenic causing paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), one of the most prevalent systemic mycoses in Brazil. Some antifungals are used in the treatment of PCM. Treatment depends on the patient's progression and tolerability of each drug, but their treatment may be for long periods and cause various side effects in the patient. The chiquimate pathway is coordinated by 7 enzymes that perform consecutive steps to convert erythrose-4-phosphate and phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) into chorismate. In microorganisms, this pathway is involved in the production of the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan; These amino acids are essential to the maintenance of these organisms. In this work, pGEX4T3 vector cloning and heterologous expression of Pb18 EPSP synthase belonging to the chiquimate pathway were performed. This protein was expressed in E. coli (DE3) strain and purified. Antibodies were produced for expression analysis of the protein in Western blot. The modeling of EPSP synthase was performed aiming to identify the amino acids involved in the active site. The pull down-GST assay with soluble Pb18 proteins allowed the identification of 40 proteins that interact with EPSP synthase. These proteins belong to different functional categories, which are involved with the availability of phosphoenol pyruvate, the substrate necessary for the functioning of the chiquimate pathway.
Paracoccidioides spp. são fungos termodimórficos que ao serem inalados pelo ser humano, esses conídios encontram um ambiente propício, mudando para a fase de levedura e tornando-se patogênico causando a paracoccidioidomicose (PCM), umas das micoses sistêmicas de maior prevalência no Brasil. Alguns antifúngicos são empregados no tratamento da PCM. O tratamento depende do avanço da doença e da capacidade de tolerância do paciente a cada medicamento, mas o seu tratamento pode ser por longos períodos e causando diversos efeitos colaterais no paciente. A via do chiquimato é coordenada pela ação de 7 enzimas que realizam passos consecutivos para transformar a eritrose-4-fosfato e fosfoenol piruvato (PEP) em corismato. Em micro-organismos, esta via está envolvida com a produção dos aminoácidos fenilalanina, tirosina e triptofano; estes aminoácidos são essenciais à manutenção desses organismos. Neste trabalho foi realizado a clonagem em vetor pGEX4T3 e expressão heteróloga da EPSP–sintase de Pb18 pertencente à via do chiquimato. Essa proteína foi expressa em linhagem E. coli (DE3) e purificada. Os anticorpos foram produzidos para análise da expressão da proteína em Western blot. A modelagem da EPSP-sintase foi realizada visando identificar os aminoácidos envolvidos no sítio ativo. O ensaio de pull down-GST com proteínas solúveis de Pb18 possibilitou a identificação de 40 proteínas que interagem com EPSP-sintase. Essas proteínas pertencem a diferentes categorias funcionais, as quais estão envolvidas com a disponibilidade de fosfoenol piruvato, substrato necessário para o funcionamento da via do chiquimato.