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1
DISTEFANO, Stefania, M. José PALMA, Manuel GÓMEZ, and A. Luis del RÍO. "Characterization of endoproteases from plant peroxisomes." Biochemical Journal 327, no. 2 (1997): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3270399.
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In this work, the characterization of endoprotease (EP) isoenzymes in peroxisomes is reported for the first time in cell organelles purified from pea leaves (Pisum sativum L.). A comparative analysis of the endo-proteolytic activity in peroxisomes purified from young (15-day-old) and senescent (50-day-old) leaves was carried out. Peroxisomes purified from senescent leaves showed a much higher endo-proteolytic activity than organelles from young plants. A 16 h incubation with exogenous substrates was the threshold time for the detection of a linear increase in the endo-proteolytic activity of peroxisomes from senescent leaves. Three EP isoenzymes (EP2, EP4 and EP5), having molecular masses of 88, 64 and 50 kDa respectively, were found in young plants by using SDS/polyacrylamide-gradient gels co-polymerized with gelatin. However, four additional isoenzymes (EP1, EP3, EP6 and EP7), with molecular masses of 220, 76, 46 and 34 kDa respectively, were detected in senescent plants. All the isoenzymes detected in peroxisomes from both young and senescent leaves were neutral proteases. By using different class-specific inhibitors, the electrophoretically separated EP isoenzymes were characterized as three serine-proteinases (EP1, EP3 and EP4), two cysteine-proteinases (EP2 and EP6) and a metallo-proteinase (EP7), and EP5 might be a metal-dependent serine-proteinase. Moreover, a peroxisomal polypeptide of 64 kDa was recognized by an antibody against a thiol-protease. The serine-proteinase isoenzymes (EP1, EP3 and EP4), which represent approx. 70% of the total EP activity of peroxisomes, showed a notable thermal stability, not being inhibited by incubation at 50 °C for 1 h.
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Iliev, Atanas, Grzegorz Kapustka, Michał Kapustka, and Kristian Ranestad. "EPW cubes." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2019, no. 748 (2019): 241–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2016-0044.
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Abstract We construct a new 20-dimensional family of projective six-dimensional irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds. The elements of this family are deformation equivalent with the Hilbert scheme of three points on a K3 surface and are constructed as natural double covers of special codimension-three subvarieties of the Grassmannian G(3,6) . These codimension-three subvarieties are defined as Lagrangian degeneracy loci and their construction is parallel to that of EPW sextics, we call them the EPW cubes. As a consequence we prove that the moduli space of polarized IHS sixfolds of K3 -type, Beauville–Bogomolov degree 4 and divisibility 2 is unirational.
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O’Grady, Kieran G. "EPW-sextics: taxonomy." Manuscripta Mathematica 138, no. 1-2 (2011): 221–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00229-011-0472-7.
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Kim, Hye-Mi, Peter J. Webster, and Judith A. Curry. "Modulation of North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity by Three Phases of ENSO." Journal of Climate 24, no. 6 (2011): 1839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3939.1.
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Abstract Tropical Pacific Ocean warming has been separated into two modes based on the spatial distribution of the maximum sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly: an east Pacific warming (EPW) and a central Pacific warming (CPW). When combined with east Pacific cooling (EPC), these three regimes are shown to have different impacts on tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the North Pacific by differential modulation of both local thermodynamic factors and large-scale circulation patterns. In EPW years, the genesis and the track density of TCs tend to be enhanced over the southeastern part and suppressed in the northwestern part of the western Pacific by strong westerly wind shear. The extension of the monsoon trough and the weak wind shear over the central Pacific increases the likelihood of TC activity to the east of the climatological mean TC genesis location. In CPW years, the TC activity is shifted to the west and is extended through the northwestern part of the western Pacific. The westward shifting of CPW-induced heating moves the anomalous westerly wind and monsoon trough through the northwestern part of the western Pacific and provides a more favorable condition for TC landfall. The CPW, on the other hand, produces a large suppression of TC activity in the eastern Pacific basin. In EPC years, all of the variables investigated show almost a mirror image of the EPW.
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Sobti, Bhawna, Khulood Jaber Jasim Alnuaimi, Dema Saeed Bakhit Alneyadi, Osha Obaid Essa Almheiri, and Manwa Abdulla Mutaia Alefari. "Characterization and bioactive potential of epicuticular wax from date fruits." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 36 (June 28, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.121959.
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Date fruits (DFs) are lucrative fruits with both nutritional and medicinal benefits. Although DF byproducts have gained interest as potential functional food ingredients, the functional role of DF waxes remains unexplored. Most plant fruits, including DFs,had a lipophilic cuticular layer; and constitutes of epicuticular wax (EPW), which has an important role in respiration losses, mechanical support, fruit softening, and pathogen resistance. In this study, the compositional and antioxidant properties of EPW from Majdool, Khalas, and Fard DFs were investigated. Moreover, thermal transitions of EPW were examined. Results revealed the highest EPW yield in Majdool (16.62 ± 1.68 mg wax/cm2) and the lowest in Khalas (0.075 ± 0.008 mg wax/cm2). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed maximum absorptivity at 250 and 290 nm across all varieties, corresponding to conjugated dienes and trienes, respectively. Fourier transform infrared peaks confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, methylene, and carbonyl groups, including specific domains of phenolic compounds. Khalas and Fard EPWs reported more total phenolic content and scavenging activity than Majdool EPW. The variations were observed in the melting temperatures of EPW, ranging from 60 °C to 85 °C. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for the potential application of DF EPW in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Sobti, Bhawna, Khulood Jaber Jasim Alnuaimi, Dema Saeed Bakhit Alneyadi, Osha Obaid Essa Almheiri, and Manwa Abdulla Mutaia Alefari. "Characterization and bioactive potential of epicuticular wax from date fruits." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 36 (June 28, 2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.121959.
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Date fruits (DFs) are lucrative fruits with both nutritional and medicinal benefits. Although DF byproducts have gained interest as potential functional food ingredients, the functional role of DF waxes remains unexplored. Most plant fruits, including DFs,had a lipophilic cuticular layer; and constitutes of epicuticular wax (EPW), which has an important role in respiration losses, mechanical support, fruit softening, and pathogen resistance. In this study, the compositional and antioxidant properties of EPW from Majdool, Khalas, and Fard DFs were investigated. Moreover, thermal transitions of EPW were examined. Results revealed the highest EPW yield in Majdool (16.62 ± 1.68 mg wax/cm2) and the lowest in Khalas (0.075 ± 0.008 mg wax/cm2). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed maximum absorptivity at 250 and 290 nm across all varieties, corresponding to conjugated dienes and trienes, respectively. Fourier transform infrared peaks confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, methylene, and carbonyl groups, including specific domains of phenolic compounds. Khalas and Fard EPWs reported more total phenolic content and scavenging activity than Majdool EPW. The variations were observed in the melting temperatures of EPW, ranging from 60 °C to 85 °C. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for the potential application of DF EPW in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Schweda, Frank, Jürgen Klar, Shuh Narumiya, Rolf M. Nüsing, and Armin Kurtz. "Stimulation of renin release by prostaglandin E2 is mediated by EP2 and EP4 receptors in mouse kidneys." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 287, no. 3 (2004): F427—F433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2004.
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PGE2 is a potent stimulator of renin release. So far, the contribution of each of the four PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1–EP4) in the regulation of renin release has not been characterized. Therefore, we investigated the effects PGE2 on renin secretion rates (RSR) from isolated, perfused kidneys of EP1−/−, EP2−/−, EP3−/−, EP4−/−, and wild-type mice. PGE2 concentration dependently stimulated RSR from kidneys of all four knockout strains with a threshold concentration of 1 nM in EP1−/−, EP2−/−, EP3−/−, and wild-type mice, whereas the threshold concentration was shifted to 10 nM in EP4−/− mice. Moreover, the maximum stimulation of RSR by PGE2 at 1 μM was significantly reduced in EP4−/− (12.8-fold of control) and EP2−/− (15.9-fold) compared with wild-type (20.7-fold), EP1−/− (23.8-fold), and EP3−/− (20.1-fold). In contrast, stimulation of RSR by either the loop diuretic bumetanide or the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol was similar in all strains. PGE2 exerted a dual effect on renal vascular tone, inducing vasodilatation at low concentrations (1 nmol/) and vasoconstriction at higher concentrations (100 nmol/) in kidneys of wild-type mice. In kidneys of EP2−/− as well as EP4−/− mice, vasodilatation at low PGE2 concentrations was prevented, whereas vasoconstriction at higher concentrations was augmented. In contrast, the vasodilatatory component was pronounced in kidneys of EP1 and EP3 knockout mice, whereas in both genotypes the vasoconstriction at higher PGE2 concentrations was markedly blunted. Our data provide evidence that PGE2 stimulates renin release via activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors, whereas EP1 and EP3 receptors appear to be without functional relevance in juxtaglomerular cells. In contrast, all four receptor subtypes are involved in the control of renal vascular tone, EP1 and EP3 receptors increasing, and EP2 as well as EP4 receptors, decreasing it.
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Kamaraj, Deepan C., Brad E. Dicianno, and Rory A. Cooper. "A Participatory Approach to Develop the Power Mobility Screening Tool and the Power Mobility Clinical Driving Assessment Tool." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541614.
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The electric powered wheelchair (EPW) is an indispensable assistive device that increases participation among individuals with disabilities. However, due to lack of standardized assessment tools, developing evidence based training protocols for EPW users to improve driving skills has been a challenge. In this study, we adopt the principles of participatory research and employ qualitative methods to develop the Power Mobility Screening Tool (PMST) and Power Mobility Clinical Driving Assessment (PMCDA). Qualitative data from professional experts and expert EPW users who participated in a focus group and a discussion forum were used to establish content validity of the PMCDA and the PMST. These tools collectively could assess a user’s current level of bodily function and their current EPW driving capacity. Further multicenter studies are necessary to evaluate the psychometric properties of these tests and develop EPW driving training protocols based on these assessment tools.
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Waciński, Witold, Ksawery Kuligowski, Małgorzata Olejarczyk, et al. "Recycling of Industrial Waste as Soil Binding Additives—Effects on Soil Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties during Its Stabilisation before Road Construction." Materials 17, no. 9 (2024): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17092000.
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To improve the in situ soil stabilization, different chemical additives are used (ion exchange compounds, additives based on H2SO4 or vinyl polymers, and organic additives using lignosulfonates). One interesting alternative is the production of additives from various waste materials. The extensive testing of waste-based blends with soil was performed; the mechanical (unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) and hydraulic (capillary rise, water absorption, and frost resistance (FR)) soil properties were measured. The optimization process led to obtaining additive compositions ensuring high strength and sealing properties: by-pass ash from the ceramics industry, waste H2SO4, pyrolytic waxes/oils from waste mixed plastics, waste tires and HDPE, and emulsion from chewing gum waste. For sandy soil, the following additives were the most promising: emulsion from pyrolytic wax (EPW) from waste PE foil (WPEF) with the addition of waste H2SO4, pyrolytic-oil emulsion from waste tires, EPW from waste mixed plastics with the addition of “by-pass” waste ash and NaOH, EPW from WPEF with the addition of NaOH, and EPW from WPEF reaching up to 93% FR, a 79.6% 7-day UCS increase, and a 27.6% of 28-day UCS increase. For clay: EPW from WPEF with the addition of NaOH, EPW from WPEF with the addition of waste H2SO4, and solely EPW from WPEF reaching up to 7.5% FR, an 80.7% 7-day UCS increase, and a 119.1% 28-day UCS increase.
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Cao, Qing, Zhenchun Hao, Feifei Yuan, et al. "Impact of ENSO regimes on developing- and decaying-phase precipitation during rainy season in China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 11 (2017): 5415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5415-2017.
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Abstract. This study investigated the influence of five El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) types on rainy-season precipitation in China: central Pacific warming (CPW), eastern Pacific cooling (EPC), eastern Pacific warming (EPW), conventional ENSO and ENSO Modoki. The multi-scale moving t test was applied to determine the onset and withdrawal of rainy season. Results showed that the precipitation anomaly can reach up to 30 % above average precipitation during decaying CPW and EPW phases. Developing EPW could cause decreasing precipitation over large areas in China with 10–30 % lower than average precipitation in most areas. Conventional El Niño in the developing phase had the largest influence on ENSO-related precipitation among developing ENSO and ENSO Modoki regimes. Decaying ENSO also showed a larger effect on precipitation anomalies, compared to decaying ENSO Modoki. The difference between rainy-season precipitation under various ENSO regimes may be attributed to the combined influence of anti-cyclone in the western North Pacific and the Indian monsoon. Stronger monsoon and anti-cyclone are associated with enhanced rainy-season precipitation. The results suggest a certain predictability of rainy-season precipitation related to ENSO regimes.
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PUROHIT, GUNJAN, PRERANA SHARMA, and R. P. SHARMA. "Filamentation of laser beam and suppression of stimulated Raman scattering due to localization of electron plasma wave." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 1 (2011): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377811000419.
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AbstractThis paper presents the effect of laser beam filamentation on the localization of electron plasma wave (EPW) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in unmagnetized plasma when relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities are operative. The splitted profile of the laser beam is obtained due to uneven focusing of the off-axial rays. The semi-analytical solution of the nonlinearly coupled EPW equation in the presence of laser beam filaments has been found. It is observed that due to this nonlinear coupling between these two waves, localization of EPW takes place. Stimulated Raman scattering of this EPW is studied and back reflectivity has been calculated. Further, the localization of EPW affects the eigenfrequency and damping of plasma wave. The new enhanced damping of the plasma wave has been calculated and it is found that the SRS process gets suppressed due to the localization of plasma wave in laser beam filamentary structures.
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Heerwan, P. M., M. A. Shahrom, M. I. Ishak, H. Kato, and T. Narita. "Investigation of the Performance of Plugging Braking System as a Hill Descent Control (HDC) for Electric-Powered Wheelchair." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 4 (2023): 10906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.20.4.2023.08.0843.
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Recently, a study on Electric Powered Wheelchairs (EPWs) has become significant because they can enhance the mobility of individuals with disabilities. One of the issues on EPW is during descending on a slope because it is difficult to control the speed and prevent it from slipping. Moreover, the manual braking system is frequently used for speed control by pressing the brake lever. The complexity of the task increases significantly when dealing with elderly or paralyzed users with physical limitations. Consequently, the risk of collisions and injuries is elevated. This research seeks to develop a hill descent control (HDC) system for an EPW to address these challenges. By implementing HDC into EPW, the EPW's speed can be controlled, thus increasing the safety of the EPW while descending on the slope. In this study, the plugging brake system is introduced as a hill descent control (HDC) mechanism to inhibit the acceleration of the EPW and ensure it maintains a constant speed during downhill descents. The plugging voltage will be controlled based on the desired speed of 0.6 m/s. To maintain the speed of the EPW, the PID control is used as a control strategy for HDC. The simulation work in Matlab Simulink has analyzed the performance of the plugging brake system with HDC. The results obtained from the simulation reveal that, despite starting with a high initial braking speed of 2.5 m/s, the Electric Powered Wheelchair (EPW) can consistently maintain its velocity at the desired target value of v_d = 0.6 m/s during the descent on the slope. Furthermore, the amplitude response for the PID control shows the settling time is 2.3 s, and the steady-state error is ±0.05. Based on the simulation results, it can be approved that the proposed HDC in the plugging brake system can prevent the EPW from accelerating while descending on the slope and improve the safety of the EPW.
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Baharun, Azhaili, Siti Halipah Ibrahim, Mohammad Omar Abdullah, and Ooi Koon Beng. "Experimental Validation of EnergyPlus® Simulation of a Single Storey Building." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (2011): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.82.2011.
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EnergyPlus® simulated indoor temperatures of a single storey building at the east campus of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, for April and June, are validated with measurements taken in 2007.The measured local outdoor temperature was used together with the global solar radiation, wind velocity, relative humidity and cloud cover measured at the Kuching airport to replace the typical meteorological year (TMY) values in the EnergyPlus® weather (EPW) file to fonn a Modified EPW weather file at the time/date of experiments. The remaining fields of the Modified EPW contain TMY data including the direct and diffuse solar radiations and the 'sky's' infrared radiation, which is also present at night.Analysis of the temperatures at the windows simulated with the EPW and Modified EPW weather files for the April and June experiments show the strong influence of the outdoor temperature and importance of the global solar radiation in the weather file and local outdoor temperature is used in the Modified EPW.Day time peak mismatches between the measured indoor air temperature and the indoor air temperature simulated with the Modified EPW is 2 to 3 deg C. These are due to the use of the TMY direct and diffuse solar radiations in the heat balance algorithms at the outside surfaces. The corresponding night time mismatches are less than 1 deg C because the TMY values of the long wave infra-red radiation emitted from molecules and particles in the atmosphere in the Modified EPW are used in simulation.
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Hernandez-Ossa, Kevin A., Eduardo H. Montenegro-Couto, Berthil Longo, et al. "Simulation System of Electric-Powered Wheelchairs for Training Purposes." Sensors 20, no. 12 (2020): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123565.
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For some people with severe physical disabilities, the main assistive device to improve their independence and to enhance overall well-being is an electric-powered wheelchair (EPW). However, there is a necessity to offer users EPW training. In this work, the Simcadrom is introduced, which is a virtual reality simulator for EPW driving learning purposes, testing of driving skills and performance, and testing of input interfaces. This simulator uses a joystick as the main input interface, and a virtual reality head-mounted display. However, it can also be used with an eye-tracker device as an alternative input interface and a projector to display the virtual environment (VE). Sense of presence, and user experience questionnaires were implemented to evaluate this version of the Simcadrom in addition to some statistical tests for performance parameters like: total elapsed time, path following error, and total number of commands. A test protocol was proposed and, considering the overall results, the system proved to simulate, very realistically, the usability, kinematics, and dynamics of a real EPW in a VE. Most subjects were able to improve their EPW driving performance in the training session. Furthermore, all skills learned are feasible to be transferred to a real EPW.
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Gaur, B., P. Rawat, and G. Purohit. "Effect of self-focused cosh Gaussian laser beam on the excitation of electron plasma wave and particle acceleration." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 4 (2016): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000525.
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AbstractThis work presents an investigation of the self-focusing of a high-power laser beam having cosh Gaussian intensity profile in a collissionless plasma under weak relativistic-ponderomotove (RP) and only relativistic regimes and its effect on the excitation of electron plasma wave (EPW), and particle acceleration process. Nonlinear differential equations have been set up for the beam width and intensity of cosh Gaussian laser beam (CGLB) and EPW using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin and paraxial-ray approximations as well as fluid equations. The numerical results are presented for different values of decentered parameter ‘b’ and intensity parameter ‘a’ of CGLB. Strong self-focusing is observed in RP regime as compared with only relativistic nonlinearity. Numerical analysis shows that these parameters play crucial role on the self-focusing of the CGLB and the excitation of EPW. It is also found that the intensity/amplitude of EPW increases with b and a. Further, nonlinear coupling between the CGLB and EPW leads to the acceleration of electrons. The intensity of EPW and energy gain by electrons is significantly affected by including the ponderomotive nonlinearity. The energy of the accelerated electrons is increased by increasing the value of ‘b’. The results are presented for typical laser and plasma parameters.
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Gaur, Bineet, Priyanka Rawat, and Gunjan Purohit. "Particle acceleration by beating of two intense cross-focused cosh-Gaussian laser beams in plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 36, no. 1 (2018): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000817.
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AbstractThe effect of two intense cross-focused cosh-Gaussian laser (CGL) beams on the generation of electron plasma wave (EPW) and particle acceleration in collisionless plasma has been investigated under the relativistic–ponderomotive regime. Due to mutual interaction of two laser beams, cross-focusing takes place in plasma. The EPW is generated by the beating of two cross-focused CGL beams of frequencies ω1 and ω2. An analytical expression for the beamwidth of laser beams and EPW as well as the power of the generated EPW has been evaluated using Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin and paraxial approximations. The energy of the accelerated electrons by the beat-wave process has also been calculated. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of typical laser plasma parameters on the power of excited EPW and acceleration of electrons. The results are compared with only relativistic nonlinearity and the Gaussian profile of laser beams. It is observed that CGL beams focused earlier than Gaussian beams, which significantly affected the dynamics of plasma wave excitation and particle acceleration. Numerical results indicate that there is a remarkable change in the power of generated EPW and electron acceleration in the relativistic–ponderomotive case in comparison with only relativistic case.
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Rocco, S. V. R., E. S. Lavine, J. T. Banasek, W. M. Potter, and D. A. Hammer. "Applying Thomson scattering to diagnosing turbulent density and velocity fluctuations in a gas-puff z-pinch." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 11 (2022): 110703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102312.
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The electron plasma wave feature (EPW) in the time-resolved Thomson scattering spectrum is used to obtain the local electron density in imploding high energy density gas-puff z-pinch plasmas. The optical setup was optimized to allow the relatively weak EPW feature obtained from 1 MA imploding neon gas-puff z-pinches to be seen above the continuum emission as well as the brighter ion acoustic wave (IAW) feature. Using a frequency-doubled Nd:YLF laser (E = 10 J, λ = 526.5 nm, Δt= 2.3 ns, spot size ∼ 250 μm) and two visible light streak cameras, we determined the average electron density in the imploding plasma sheath 40 ns prior to stagnation to be [Formula: see text]/cm3. At pinch time, it reached [Formula: see text]/cm3. The electron temperature during implosion measured via the IAW (approximately 50 eV) was four times lower than the implosion electron temperature measured via the EPW (approximately 200 eV), assuming that neither feature is affected by turbulent fluctuations in the plasma. In order for the electron temperatures inferred from the EPW and IAW spectral features to be self-consistent, we find that it is necessary to include velocity fluctuations in the analysis of the IAW feature peaks and corresponding density fluctuation in the peak widths of the EPW feature.
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Zhang, Xiaochen, Lanxin Hui, Linchao Wei, Fuchuan Song, and Fei Hu. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Human-Machine Interaction Methodology for Electric-Powered Wheelchairs Driving from 1998 to 2020." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (2021): 7567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147567.
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Electric power wheelchairs (EPWs) enhance the mobility capability of the elderly and the disabled, while the human-machine interaction (HMI) determines how well the human intention will be precisely delivered and how human-machine system cooperation will be efficiently conducted. A bibliometric quantitative analysis of 1154 publications related to this research field, published between 1998 and 2020, was conducted. We identified the development status, contributors, hot topics, and potential future research directions of this field. We believe that the combination of intelligence and humanization of an EPW HMI system based on human-machine collaboration is an emerging trend in EPW HMI methodology research. Particular attention should be paid to evaluating the applicability and benefits of the EPW HMI methodology for the users, as well as how much it contributes to society. This study offers researchers a comprehensive understanding of EPW HMI studies in the past 22 years and latest trends from the evolutionary footprints and forward-thinking insights regarding future research.
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Breyer, Matthew D., and Richard M. Breyer. "Prostaglandin E receptors and the kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 279, no. 1 (2000): F12—F23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.1.f12.
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Prostaglandin E2 is a major renal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonate and interacts with four G protein-coupled E-prostanoid receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. Through these receptors, PGE2modulates renal hemodynamics and salt and water excretion. The intrarenal distribution and function of EP receptors have been partially characterized, and each receptor has a distinct role. EP1 expression predominates in the collecting duct where it inhibits Na+ absorption, contributing to natriuresis. The EP2 receptor regulates vascular reactivity, and EP2 receptor-knockout mice have salt-sensitive hypertension. The EP3 receptor is also expressed in vessels as well as in the thick ascending limb and collecting duct, where it antagonizes vasopressin-stimulated salt and water transport. EP4 mRNA is expressed in the glomerulus and collecting duct and may regulate glomerular tone and renal renin release. The capacity of PGE2 to bidirectionally modulate vascular tone and epithelial transport via constrictor EP1 and EP3 receptors vs. dilator EP2 and EP4 receptors allows PGE2 to serve as a buffer, preventing excessive responses to physiological perturbations.
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Wang, Jing, Jingluan Wang, Chongde Wu, Jun Huang, Rongqing Zhou, and Yao Jin. "Characteristics and Valorization Potential of Fermentation Waste of Greengage (Prunus mume)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188296.
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Greengage wine is gaining increasing attention in Asia for its rich nutritional elements and medicinal value. However, the treatment of the fermentation waste after brewing is a problem that remains unsolved. This work proposed to valorize the fermentation waste extract by a simple centrifugation. The bioactive compounds of the fermentation waste were investigated, including total flavonoids, total phenols, specific phenols and volatile compounds. The antioxidant and antibacterial capacities of the waste extract were also evaluated. The results revealed that the total phenol (1.34 mg GAE/g EPW) and total flavonoid (1.17 mg RE/g EPW) of the fermentation waste extract were still considerable. The fermentation waste also showed high DPPH radical scavenging capacity (5.39 μmol TE/g EPW) and high ABTS radical scavenging capacity (9.80 μmol TE/g EPW). Both GC-MS and LC-MS analysis identified key bioactive compounds, such as linalool, terpineol, β-ionone, neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid, which have high antioxidant capacity and strong, thermal-stable antibacterial capacity. All these characteristics show a promising future for valorized fermentation waste, for example, in food additives or mouthwash.
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GUPTA, RUCHIKA, PRERANA SHARMA, R. P. SHARMA, and M. RAFAT. "Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering at ultra relativistic laser power: Effect of localization." Journal of Plasma Physics 77, no. 3 (2010): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377810000231.
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AbstractThe filamentation of the high-power laser beam is investigated by taking off axial contribution when relativistic nonlinearity is considered. The effect of filamentation of the laser beam is studied on the localization of the electron plasma wave (EPW) and on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The semi-analytical solution of the nonlinearly coupled EPW equation in the presence of laser beam filaments has been found. It is observed that due to this nonlinear coupling between two waves, localization of EPW takes place. This localization of EPW affects the Eigen frequency and damping of plasma wave. The new enhanced damping of the plasma wave has been calculated and it is found that the SRS process gets suppressed due to the localization of plasma wave in laser beam filamentary structures. For typical laser beam and plasma parameters with wavelength λ (=1064 nm), power flux (=1018 W cm−2) and plasma density n/ncr (=0.2); the SRS back reflectivity is found to be suppressed by a factor of approximately 8%.
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O'Grady, Kieran. "Double covers of EPW-sextics." Michigan Mathematical Journal 62, no. 1 (2013): 143–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1307/mmj/1363958245.
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BELL, J. S. "EPR Correlations and EPW Distributions." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 480, no. 1 New Technique (1986): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb12429.x.
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O’Grady, Kieran. "Moduli of double EPW-sextics." Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society 240, no. 1136 (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/memo/1136.
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Laterveer, Robert. "Algebraic cycles and EPW cubes." Mathematische Nachrichten 291, no. 7 (2018): 1088–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mana.201600518.
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Ferretti, Andrea. "Special subvarieties of EPW sextics." Mathematische Zeitschrift 272, no. 3-4 (2012): 1137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00209-012-0980-5.
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O’Grady, Kieran G. "Periods of double EPW-sextics." Mathematische Zeitschrift 280, no. 1-2 (2015): 485–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00209-015-1434-7.
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Singh, Arvinder, and Naveen Gupta. "Electron plasma wave excitation by beating of two q-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 2 (2016): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461500097x.
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AbstractThis paper presents a scheme for excitation of an electron-plasma wave (EPW) by beating two q-Gaussian laser beams in an underdense plasma where ponderomotive nonlinearity is operative. Starting from nonlinear Schrödinger-type wave equation in Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation, the coupled differential equations governing the evolution of spot size of laser beams with distance of propagation have been derived. The ponderomotive nonlinearity depends not only on the intensity of first laser beam, but also on that of second laser beam. Therefore, the dynamics of one laser beam affects that of other and hence, cross-focusing of the two laser beams takes place. Due to nonuniform intensity distribution along the wavefronts of the laser beams, the background electron concentration is modified. The amplitude of EPW, which depends on the background electron concentration, is thus nonlinearly coupled with the laser beams. The effects of ponderomotive nonlinearity and cross-focusing of the laser beams on excitation of EPW have been incorporated. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of laser and plasma parameters on cross-focusing of the two laser beams and further its effect on EPW excitation.
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Liu, Lu. "Impact of Different Types of ENSO Years on Intensity Changes of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones over China." Atmosphere 10, no. 3 (2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030161.
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This study examines whether there are significant differences in intensity and destructiveness of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over China in central Pacific warm (CPW), eastern Pacific warm (EPW) and La Niña (LA) years. By analyzing different seasons and locations of TCs making landfall over China, it was found that TCs in LA years generally had a larger power dissipation index (PDI) and may cause more disasters in China, while TCs in EPW years had a larger PDI over South China in autumn. A larger PDI of TCSC (landing location in Southern China) usually occurred in EPW years and a larger PDI of TCEC (landing location in Eastern China) occurred in LA years, compared with CPW years. The TCs in LA years were generally stronger, more frequent, and of longer duration over China, because of the positive relative humidity (RH) anomalies, the significant anomalous cyclone that occupied the South China Sea (SCS), and the easterly wind anomalies providing a beneficial steering flow for TCs making landfall. In EPW years, although TCs were less frequent, they had stronger intensity when making landfall and a longer lifetime over land which was mainly caused by a broad band of anomalous westerlies over the SCS giving rise to a belt of positive relative vorticity anomalies, as well as the slow translation speed of TCs before landfall supplying more energy for TCs to survive over land. Overall, we conclude that greater caution is warranted when TCs occur in LA and EPW years, as they may result in more serious disasters in China.
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Hegyi, Bradley M., Yi Deng, Robert X. Black, and Renjun Zhou. "Initial Transient Response of the Winter Polar Stratospheric Vortex to Idealized Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the NCAR WACCM." Journal of Climate 27, no. 7 (2014): 2699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00289.1.
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Abstract Perpetual winter simulations using the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) are conducted to document the differences of the initial transient response of the boreal winter Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex to central (CPW) and eastern Pacific warming (EPW) events. Idealized patches of positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are superimposed onto a climatological SST field to mimic canonical CPW and EPW forcings. A 20-member ensemble was created by varying initial atmospheric conditions for both CPW and EPW cases. In the ensemble average, the vortex weakens under both CPW and EPW forcing, indicated by a negative zonal mean zonal wind tendency. This tendency is mainly tied to changes in the eddy-driven mean meridional circulation (MMC). A negative anomaly in the eddy momentum flux convergence also plays a secondary role in the weakening. The vortex response, however, differs dramatically among individual ensemble members. A few ensemble members exhibit initial vortex strengthening although weaker in magnitude and shorter in duration than the initial weakening in the ensemble average. The initial state and the subsequent internal variation of the extratropical atmosphere is at least as important as the type of SST forcing in determining the transient response of the stratospheric polar vortex. Interactions between the internal variability of the vortex and SST-driven wave anomalies ultimately determine the nature of the initial transient response of the vortex to EPW and CPW forcing. This sensitivity to the initial atmospheric state has implications for understanding medium-range forecasts of the extratropical atmospheric response to emerging tropical SST anomalies, particularly over high-latitude regions.
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Ono, K., T. Akatsu, T. Murakami, et al. "Important role of EP4, a subtype of prostaglandin (PG) E receptor, in osteoclast-like cell formation from mouse bone marrow cells induced by PGE2." Journal of Endocrinology 158, no. 3 (1998): R1—R5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.158r001.
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Of various PGs, PGE1 and PGE2 are shown to be the most potent stimulators of osteoclastogenesis in vitro. PGE receptors have been classified into four subtypes, EP1-EP4. Little is known about PGE receptors functioning in bone cells. In this study, using mouse marrow culture, we investigated which PGE receptors are important in osteoclast-like cell (OCL) formation induced by PGE. 11-deoxy-PGE1 (EP2, EP3 and EP4 agonist) stimulated OCL formation potently. Butaprost (EP2 agonist) stimulated it slightly, while sulprostone (EP1 and EP3 agonist) and ONO-AP-324-01 (EP3 agonist) did not. AH23848B (EP4 antagonist) inhibited PGE2-induced OCL formation in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of EP4 mRNA in mouse bone marrow was confirmed by RT-PCR. The results indicate an important role of EP4 in PGE2-induced OCL formation in marrow cultures and suggest therapeutic potential of EP4 antagonists in some clinical conditions with accelerated bone resorption.
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Hattori, Youichiro, Takashi Ohno, Takako Ae, et al. "Gastric mucosal protection against ethanol by EP2 and EP4 signaling through the inhibition of leukotriene C4 production." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 294, no. 1 (2008): G80—G87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00292.2007.
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Prostaglandin (PG)E derivatives are widely used for treating gastric mucosal injury. PGE receptors are classified into four subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. We have tested which EP receptor subtypes participate in gastric mucosal protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury and clarified the mechanisms of such protection. The gastric mucosa of anesthetized rats was perfused at 2 ml/min with physiological saline, agonists for EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, or 50% ethanol, using a constant-rate pump connected to a cannula placed in the esophagus. The gastric microcirculation of the mucosal base of anesthetized rats was observed by transillumination through a window made by removal of the adventitia and muscularis externa. PGE2 and subtype-specific EP agonists were applied to the muscularis mucosae at the window. Application of 50% ethanol dilated the mucosal arterioles and constricted the collecting venules. Collecting venule constriction by ethanol was completely inhibited by PGE2 and by EP2 and EP4 agonists (100 nM) but not by an EP1 or an EP3 agonist. Ethanol-induced mucosal injury was also inhibited by EP2 and EP4 agonists. When leukotriene (LT)C4 levels in the perfusate of the gastric mucosa were determined by ELISA, intragastric ethanol administration elevated the LTC4 levels sixfold from the basal levels. These elevated levels were significantly (60%) reduced by both EP2 and EP4 agonists but not by other EP agonists. Since LTC4 application at the window constricted collecting venules strongly, and an LTC antagonist reduced ethanol-induced mucosal injury, reductions in LTC4 generation in response to EP2 and EP4 receptor signaling may be relevant to the protective action of PGE2. The present results indicate that EP2 and EP4 receptor signaling inhibits ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through cancellation of collecting venule constriction by reducing LTC4 production.
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Blikslager, Anthony T., Susan M. Pell, and Karen M. Young. "PGE2 triggers recovery of transmucosal resistance via EP receptor cross talk in porcine ischemia-injured ileum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 2 (2001): G375—G381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.2.g375.
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16,16-Dimethyl-PGE2 (PGE2) may interact with one of four prostaglandin type E (EP) receptors, which signal via cAMP (via EP2 or EP4 receptors) or intracellular Ca2+ (via EP1 receptors). Furthermore, EP3 receptors have several splice variants, which may signal via cAMP or intracellular Ca2+. We sought to determine the PGE2 receptor interactions that mediate recovery of transmucosal resistance ( R) in ischemia-injured porcine ileum. Porcine ileum was subjected to 45 min of ischemia, after which the mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers. Tissues were pretreated with indomethacin (5 μM). Treatment with the EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 agonist PGE2 (1 μM) elevated R twofold and significantly increased tissue cAMP content, whereas the EP2 and EP4 agonist deoxy-PGE1 (1 μM) or the EP1 and EP3 agonist sulprostone (1 μM) had no effect. However, a combination of deoxy-PGE1 and sulprostone stimulated synergistic elevations in R and tissue cAMP content. Furthermore, treatment of tissues with deoxy-PGE1 and the Ca2+ ionophore A-23187 stimulated synergistic increases in R and cAMP, indicating that PGE2 triggers recovery of R via EP receptor cross talk mechanisms involving cAMP and intracellular Ca2+.
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Ocholla, Alphayo Abacha, Catherine Muhonja Aurah, and Raphael Ong'unya Odhiambo. "Lab Modality and Measurement Accuracy." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences 8, no. 1 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v8i117.
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This article sought to assess the impact of using an Electronics Practical Workbench (EPW) on the accuracy of students’ measurements in KCSE Physics practical exams, which evaluate skills in mechanics, electricity and optics. A quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent groups was employed, using pre-tests, post-tests, observation checklists and teacher interviews. The focus was on measuring students’ precision in recording voltage, current and resistance. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test and Ordinal Logistic Regression. Findings showed that students using the EPW achieved significantly higher accuracy and better overall performance in practical assessments compared to those using traditional lab setups. The article concludes that digital tools like the EPW enhance measurement precision and practical understanding, suggesting that integrating such technology in school labs can mitigate challenges related to outdated equipment. These improvements have important implications for strengthening physics education and student performance in Kenyan secondary schools.
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Thust, A., and C. L. Jia. "Atomic Structure Determination Using the Focal-Series Reconstruction Technique." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600027501.
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During the last five years the technique focal-series reconstruction has evolved to a powerful tool for investigating materials science problems in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Compared to the conventional interpretation of one single high-resolution image, the quantum mechanical electron wave function at the exit plane of the object (exit-plane wave function, EPW) is in many cases a better starting point for the materials analysis. The retrieval of the EPW is achieved on a routine basis by applying automated numerical procedures to a series of images taken from the same specimen area at different objective lens defocus values. The application of the reconstruction procedure allows one to remove numerically all the well known instrumental artifacts, such as nonlinear contrast formation or delocalisation effects due to spherical aberration and other parasitic aberrations. The reconstructed EPW gives thus direct insight into the atomic structure in the case of sufficiently thin objects and renders tedious image simulations of complicated defects unnecessary in many cases.
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Johansen, Lars M. "EPR correlations and EPW distributions revisited." Physics Letters A 236, no. 3 (1997): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(97)00784-6.
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Nadugala, Mahesha N., Prasad H. Premaratne, and Charitha L. Goonasekara. "Systematic Bioinformatic Approach for Prediction of Linear B-Cell Epitopes on Dengue E and prM Protein." Advances in Bioinformatics 2016 (September 1, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1373157.
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B-cell epitopes on the envelope (E) and premembrane (prM) proteins of dengue virus (DENV) were predicted using bioinformatics tools, BepiPred, Ellipro, and SVMTriP. Predicted epitopes, 32 and 17 for E and prM proteins, respectively, were then characterized for their level of conservations. The epitopes, EP4/E (48–55), epitope number 4 of E protein at amino acids 48–55, EP9/E (165–182), EP11/E (218–233), EP20/E (322–349), EP21/E (326–353), EP23/E (356–365), and EP25/E (380–386), showed a high intraserotype conservancy with very low pan-serotype conservancy, demonstrating a potential target as serotype specific diagnostic markers. EP3 (30–41) located in domain-I and EP26/E (393–409), EP27/E (416–435), EP28/E (417–430) located in the stem region of E protein, and EP8/prM (93–112) from the prM protein have a pan-serotype conservancy higher than 70%. These epitopes indicate a potential use as universal vaccine candidates, subjected to verification of their potential in viral neutralization. EP2/E (16–21), EP5/E (62–123), EP6/E (63–89), EP19/E (310–329), and EP24/E (371–402), which have more than 50% pan-serotype conservancies, were found on E protein regions that are important in host cell attachment. Previous studies further show evidence for some of these epitopes to generate cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, indicating their importance in antiviral strategies for DENV. This study suggests that bioinformatic approaches are attractive first line of screening for identification of linear B-cell epitopes.
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Rodionova, Elena V., and Tatiana V. Konyukhova. "Emotional and personal well-being of students: dynamic assessment in the conditions of unstable external environment." Perspectives of Science and Education 61, no. 1 (2023): 356–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.1.21.
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Introduction. The socio-political conditions of the last decade have provided the “digital natives” with greater opportunities to unleash their potential. However, the ongoing changes in today’s BANI world pose challenges to their constructive attitude towards the reality, leading to continual psycho-emotional strain. This tells negatively on their sense of well-being, life satisfaction and activity in significant areas. The lack of harmony between the internal and external world, along with the instability of social systems, can provoke a person’s emotional/personal ill-being. The volatility of external environment associated with the pandemic and the special military operation underlay the article’s purpose of identifying the dynamics of change in assessing the existing situation in the country and the world as affecting the emotional and personal well-being (EPW) of students. Materials and methods. The target audience was represented by 152 full-time students of Tomsk Polytechnic University aged 18-21. The data collection took place in September 2021 – July 2022. The used materials included the authors’ questionnaire “Students’ view of emotional and personal well-being”; the emotional and personal well-being model by L.V. Karapetyan; Spielberger-Khanin anxiety test. Results. The comparative data analysis showed that the content of EPW concept and the factors influencing its level are changeable. There is a registered shift in the emphasis from “inner confidence” to “inner peace”, complemented by the context of “tranquility in the country/the world”. The trigger situations in the external environment are reflected in the respondents’ emotional reaction and have a significant impact on perception and experience of well-being, assessment of life quality and satisfaction. They provoked a 28% increase in situational anxiety. An increase in the share of young people who are at risk in terms of personal anxiety is registered. A highly significant statistically negative relationship was found between the EPW level and the level of situational anxiety (r=-0.224; p≤0.01), along with the statistically significant negative relationship between the EPW level and the level of personality anxiety (r=-0.360; p≤0.05). Conclusion. The comparative analysis of the 2021 and 2022 results showed an increase in situational anxiety. The political situation in the country and in the world proved to be the key factor. The identified correlation between the EPW level and the levels of personal and situational anxiety confirmed the hypothesis that the lower the (personal and situational) level of anxiety, the higher the EPW level of young people.
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Zhu, Zhan Fei, Quan Shi, Guang Yan Wang, and Hang Lu. "Analysis on Damage Effect of EPW Blasting in Certain Deepness of Blindage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.365.
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In order to study the influence of charge weight and blast position on damage effect of EPW (Earth Penetrating Weapon), theoretic analysis was combined with experiment data, the model of volume of funnel pit formed by blast was set up based on supposing that the warhead was instantaneous spherical explosion and the fragments’ destructive effect could be neglected, then the model was discussed in detail. The results are helpful to the launch and control of the EPW and have reference value for the building of contravallation and underground blindage.
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Bouayad, Asmàa, Hiroki Kajino, Nahid Waleh, et al. "Characterization of PGE2 receptors in fetal and newborn lamb ductus arteriosus." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 5 (2001): H2342—H2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.5.h2342.
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Although the role of PGE2 in maintaining ductus arteriosus (DA) patency is well established, the specific PGE2 receptor subtype(s) (EP) involved have not been clearly identified. We used late gestation fetal and neonatal lambs to study developmental regulation of EP receptors. In the fetal DA, radioligand binding and RT-PCR assays virtually failed to detect EP1 but detected EP2, EP3D, and EP4 receptors in equivalent proportions. In the newborn lamb, DA total density was one-third of that found in the fetus and only EP2 was detected. Stimulation of EP2 and EP4 increased cAMP formation and was associated with DA relaxation. Though stimulation of EP3 inhibited cAMP formation, it surprisingly relaxed the fetal DA both in vitro and in vivo. This EP3-induced relaxation was specifically diminished by the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel blocker glibenclamide. In conclusion, PGE2 dilates the late gestation fetal DA through pathways that involve either cAMP (EP2 and EP4) or KATP channels (EP3). The loss of EP3 and EP4receptors in the newborn DA is consistent with its decreased responsiveness to PGE2.
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Mohammed, Mecifi, Boumediene Abdelmadjid, and Boubekeur Djamila. "Comparative Study Between Integrator Backstepping and Fuzzy Logic Control Applied to an Electric Powered Wheelchair." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 3 (2021): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.230301.
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The aim of this paper is the control of electric powered wheelchairs (EPW) which was made for people suffering of temporary or permanent disabilities due to illnesses or accidents. The EPW is powered by two Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) that are characterized by high efficiency, high torque, low noise and robustness; hence the dynamic model of the both EPW-motors is presented in the first. After that, a comparative study is made between two nonlinear command theory; Integrator Backstepping based on the second method of Lyapunov which combine the choice of the energy function with the laws control, and, fuzzy logic introduced to approach human reasoning with the help of an adequate representation of knowledge. To evaluate the performance of the two controls, numerical simulations are presented to show the evolution of electrical and mechanical quantities, the energy consumed and the squared error of the displacement and velocity. However, the reference trajectory used is that generated by the fifth-degree polynomial interpolation, which ensures a regular trajectory that is continuous in positions, velocities and accelerations.
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Singh, Arvinder, and Naveen Gupta. "Beat wave excitation of electron plasma wave by coaxial cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisional plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 4 (2015): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615000646.
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AbstractThis paper presents a scheme for beat wave excitation of an electron plasma wave (EPW) by cross-focusing of two intense cosh-Gaussian (ChG) laser beams in an under dense collisional plasma. The plasma wave is generated on account of beating of two ChG laser beams of frequencies ω1 and ω2. Starting from Maxwell's equations, coupled differential equations governing the evolution of spot size of laser beams with distance of propagation have been derived by using Moment theory approach in Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation. The collisional nonlinearity depends not only on the intensity of first laser beam, but also on that of second laser beam. Therefore, dynamics of first laser beam affects that of other and hence cross-focusing of the two laser beams takes place. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of laser as well as plasma parameters on cross-focusing of laser beams and further its effect on power of excited EPW. It has been found that decentered parameters of the two laser beams have significant effect on power of EPW.
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McGrath, Kathleen E., Paul D. Kingsley, Eli T. Rust, et al. "Erythroid Progenitor Cells in the Murine Bone Marrow: Parallels with Human Counterparts and Response to Acute Anemia." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-187741.
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In mammals, the erythron consists of lineage-specific progenitor cells that transition to morphologically identifiable precursors that ultimately enucleate to become mature red blood cells. Early- and late-stage erythroid progenitors, BFU-E and CFU-E respectively, were originally defined by their capacity to generate colonies of erythroid cells in semisolid media. We have refined a flow cytometry-based strategy based on Pronk, et al. (2007) and Tusi, et al. (2018) that parallels similar strategies developed for human erythroid progenitor cells (Yan et al., 2021) to facilitate identification and isolation of progressive stages of primary murine erythroid progenitors, termed EP1 to EP4, in the bone marrow. Sorted erythroid progenitor (EP1 to EP4) populations were cultured in colony-forming assays. EP1 consists almost entirely of BFU-E, while EP4 was highly enriched in CFU-E, and the intermediate EP2 and EP3 populations progress from immature to more mature erythroid colony-forming progenitors. Global RNA-Seq studies were performed on three replicates of primary bone marrow EP1-4 from 9-12 week old outbred mice. EP1/2 and EP3/4 each shared the most similarities, consistent with the enrichment of BFU-E in the former and CFU-E in the latter. We also analyzed the global transcriptome of EP1-4 derived from in vitro culture of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to compare with the murine counterparts. Approximately two-thirds of differentially expressed genes displayed similar patterns as murine and human EP1 transition progressively to EP4. The largest transition in gene expression occurred between EP2 and EP3. Analysis of genes differentially expressed between EP2 and EP3 both in human and in mouse (adj. p-value <0.05, 361 down and 242 up) revealed marked downregulation of transcription factors expected from previous studies of erythroid progenitors (Gata2, Cd34), as well as those associated with multipotential, myeloid, and megakaryocyte lineages (Sp1 and Runx1). Upregulated transcription factors included prototypical factors associated with erythropoiesis (Klf1, Gata1 and Tal1), as well as Srebf1, a central regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. In both species the transition from EP2 to EP3 was characterized by downregulation of the gene ontology terms associated with myeloid and megakaryocyte development, and the upregulation of gene ontology terms associated with erythrocyte development, cell cycle, heme metabolism, and VLDL particle assembly. Interestingly, cholesterol content increases as EP1/2 transition to EP3/4 in both primary murine and human bone marrow. These data indicate a shared progression of erythroid progenitors can be proactively delineated in human and mouse systems. To better define the response of erythroid progenitors to stress, we established an acute anemia model in mice, reproducibly lowering the hematocrit by half via phlebotomy. Induction of acute anemia leads to a marked expansion of EP3 and EP4 at 48 hours both in the bone marrow and in the spleen. Additionally, these expanded EP3/4 populations were characterized by an increase percentage of the cells in S-phase. Principal component analysis of global transcriptomic studies of EP1-4 isolated from the marrow 48 hours after the induction of anemia revealed parallel differentiation programs when compared to their steady-state murine counterparts. 70% of the shared genes upregulated in the transition from EP2 to EP3 were upregulated to a greater extent in response to anemia. Upregulated genes, particularly in EP3/4, included known EPO-responsive genes (Pim1, Socs2, Tfrc, and Cited4), as well as hypoxia-associated genes. Interestingly, key cholesterol biosynthesis genes (Hmgcr, Hmgcs1, and Sqle) were also further upregulated in anemic versus steady-state EP3/4. This latter finding suggests that cholesterol homeostasis may play a key role in the erythroid progenitor response to stress. We conclude that late-stage erythroid progenitor (EP3/4) expansion is a specific and integral component of regenerative erythropoiesis. The identification and isolation of stage-specific murine erythroid progenitor cells that are highly analogous to their human counterparts will facilitate an improved understanding of normal and disordered erythropoiesis.
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Ferretti, Andrea. "The Chow ring of double EPW sextics." Algebra & Number Theory 6, no. 3 (2012): 539–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/ant.2012.6.539.
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O'Grady, Kieran G. "Dual Double EPW-sextics and Their Periods." Pure and Applied Mathematics Quarterly 4, no. 2 (2008): 427–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/pamq.2008.v4.n2.a6.
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Xue, Rui, Zhankui Jia, Xiaomu Kong, Guofu Pi, Shengli Ma, and Jinjian Yang. "Effects of PGE2 EP3/EP4 receptors on bladder dysfunction in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 305, no. 12 (2013): F1656—F1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2013.
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To investigate the expression of four subtypes of PGE2 E-prostanoid (EP) receptors (EP1–EP4) and the effects of EP3/EP4 on bladder dysfunction in a new neurogenic bladder model induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of EAE was induced using a previously established method, and bladder function in mice with different defined levels of neurological impairment was then examined, including micturition frequencies and voiding weight. Bladders were then harvested for analysis of EP receptor expression by Western blot. Activities of agonists/antagonists of EP3 and EP4 receptors as well as PGE2 were also evaluated at different stages of EAE. The results showed that EAE mice developed profound bladder dysfunction characterized by significantly increased micturition and significantly decreased urine output per micturition. EAE-induced upregulation of EP3 and EP4 receptors in the bladder was accompanied by bladder dysfunction. However, EAE had no significant effect on EP1 and EP2 receptors. Moreover, PGE2 and agonists/antagonists of EP3 and EP4 receptors significantly affected bladder dysfunction in EAE mice. Thus, we believe that EAE mice are useful for investigations of the neurogenic bladder. In addition, EP3 and EP4 receptors play a role in EAE-induced bladder dysfunction, providing us with a new target for the treatment of neurogenic bladders.
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Rahmayenti, Selvia. "Pengaruh berbagai Konsentrasi Ekstrak Pisang Raja terhadap Pertumbuhan Eksplan Tanaman Pisang Barangan (Musa acuminata L)." Agriculture and Biological Technology 2, no. 1 (2024): 31–33. https://doi.org/10.61761/agiotech.2.1.31-33.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak pisang raja terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan tanaman pisang barangan (Musa acuminata L) pada media MS. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di laboratorium kultur jaringan balai penelitian buah tropika, solok. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial, yaitu berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak pisang raja (Faktor EP) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan EP0 = kontrol (tanpa ekstrak pisang), EP1 = 50 g/L media MS, EP2 = 100 g/L media MS, EP3 = 150 g/L media MS, EP4 = 300 g/L media MS. maka terdapat 20 unit percobaan, setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 4 eksplan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak pisang raja memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter umur muncul tunas. Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan EP1 = 50 g/L media MS, yaitu umur muncul tunas 7.25 hari
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Simeni Simeni, M., A. S. Davies, and A. Diallo. "Toward streaked collective Thomson scattering measurements on an extreme ultraviolet plasma light source." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 4 (2023): 043501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131598.
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We show through forward modeling calculations that streaked collective Thomson scattering measurements are feasible on laser-produced tin plasmas generated under conditions relevant for extreme ultraviolet lithography. Using a 532 nm probe laser beam, the feasibility of simultaneous measurements of electron plasma wave (EPW) and ion acoustic wave (IAW) spectra is investigated. Absolute photon counts for laser scattering off both waves are calculated. Probe laser electron heating and bremsstrahlung background radiation effects are accounted for. While a large spatiotemporal region can be successfully probed based on the IAW feature, only one measurement location can be accessed through the EPW as a result of the low signal to noise ratio. A portable/traveling tabletop system is proposed.
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Sharma, R. P., and P. Sharma. "Effect of laser beam filamentation on second harmonic spectrum in laser plasma interaction." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 1 (2009): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609000226.
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AbstractThis paper presents the laser beam filamentation at ultra relativistic laser powers, when the paraxial restriction on the beam is relaxed during the filamentation process. On account of laser beam intensity gradient and background density gradients in filamentary regions, the electron plasma wave (EPW) at pump wave frequency is generated. This EPW is found to be highly localized because of the laser beam filaments. The interaction of the incident laser beam with the EPW leads to the second harmonic generation. The second harmonic spectrum has also been studied in detail, and its correlation with the filamentation of the laser beam has been established. Starting almost with a monochromatic component of laser beam propagation, the second harmonic spectrum becomes more complicated, and broadened when the laser beam propagates further, and filamentation takes place. For the typical laser beam and plasma parameters: laser beam with wave length of 1064 nm, power flux of 1018 W/cm2, and plasma with temperature 1 KeV, we found that the conversion efficiency equals about (E2/E0) = 8 × 10−3, and the spectrum is quite broad, which depends upon the laser beam propagation distance. The results (specifically, the second harmonic spectral feature) presented here may be used for the diagnostics of laser produced plasmas.
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Hayashi, Yoshinori, Saori Morinaga, Xia Liu, et al. "An EP2 Agonist Facilitates NMDA-Induced Outward Currents and Inhibits Dendritic Beading through Activation of BK Channels in Mouse Cortical Neurons." Mediators of Inflammation 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5079597.
Full textAbstract:
Prostaglandin E2(PGE2), a major metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by cyclooxygenase pathways, exerts its bioactive responses by activating four E-prostanoid receptor subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. PGE2enables modulatingN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated responses. However, the effect of E-prostanoid receptor agonists on large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+(BK) channels, which are functionally coupled with NMDA receptors, remains unclear. Here, we showed that EP2 receptor-mediated signaling pathways increased NMDA-induced outward currents (INMDA-OUT), which are associated with the BK channel activation. Patch-clamp recordings from the acutely dissociated mouse cortical neurons revealed that an EP2 receptor agonist activatedINMDA-OUT, whereas an EP3 receptor agonist reduced it. Agonists of EP1 or EP4 receptors showed no significant effects onINMDA-OUT. A direct perfusion of 3,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) through the patch pipette facilitatedINMDA-OUT, which was abolished by the presence of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Furthermore, facilitation ofINMDA-OUTcaused by an EP2 receptor agonist was significantly suppressed by PKA inhibitor. Finally, the activation of BK channels through EP2 receptors facilitated the recovery phase of NMDA-induced dendritic beading in the primary cultured cortical neurons. These results suggest that a direct activation of BK channels by EP2 receptor-mediated signaling pathways plays neuroprotective roles in cortical neurons.