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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '"equal value for all"'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Ramsberg, Joakim. "Are all lives of equal value? : studies on the economics of risk regulation." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Centrum för Riskforskning (CFR), 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1766.

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2

Henriksson, Erika. "Förskollärares arbete med alla människors lika värde : En studie om förskollärares arbetssätt och bemötande." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43609.

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The aim of this study is to contribute knowledge of how preschool teachers work with equal value. My questions has been about how preschool teachers do to show children every humans equal value and how they do to meet all children based of this idea. I have used individual qualitative interviews whit 4 preschool teachers as the method for this study. In my result I have found that the preschool teachers worked a lot with equal values. Some preschool teachers worked in different ways every day using different methods like valuational and themelike activities. Common for all the preschool teachers is that they all say that it is extremely important to use the everyday interactions with the children to make them learn the importance of and meaning of every humans equal rights. Previous research and literature shows that it is important to work as a role model for the children. This is something that the preschool teachers I interviewed talk about as well.
Syftet med detta arbete är att bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärare arbetar med allas lika värde. Mina frågeställningar har handlat om hur förskollärare gör för att visa på allas lika värde samt hur förskollärarna gör för att bemöta barnen utifrån denna tanke. Jag har använt mig av kvalitativa intervjuer med 4 förskollärare som metod för arbetet. I mitt resultat fann jag att förskollärarna arbetade mycket med allas lika värde, på några av avdelningarna dagligen med hjälp av bland annat värderings- och temainriktade aktiviteter. Gemensamt för mitt resultat är att förskollärarna på alla avdelningar betonar vikten av samspelet med barnen för att få ut kunskap om allas lika värde. Att vara en förebild är även något jag kan se förskollärarna jag intervjuat och tidigare forskning samt litteratur jag läst lägger stort fokus vid.

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3

Tolentino, Anna Lissa. "Are All Good Soldiers Created Equal? Examining The "Why" That Underlies Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Development of an OCB Motives Scale." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002859.

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4

Chiriac, Jenny. ""Hallsituationer kan vara stressiga med många barn på liten yta" : Förskollärares perspektiv på interaktioner vid utgång." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik (DLP), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101601.

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Genom en skriftlig intervju med strukturerade och öppna frågor samlasförskollärares perspektiv på interaktioner i tamburen in. Tolkning av förskollärarnassvar visar att det, som är viktigt för att en bra interaktion ska ske mellan barn ochvuxen i en tambursituation, krävs tid för kommunikation genom en väl utveckladarbetsstrategi. Bidraget av denna studie kan användas som inspiration förreflektionsarbete för att förbättra för alla som har förskolan som sin arbetsmiljö,vuxen som barn.

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5

Bell, Jessica. "All Things Being Equal." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32958.

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Jessica Bell’s MFA thesis exhibition, All things being equal., presents the very idea of constructing a painting as a way of making sense of the world. Simple materials and formal devices make allusions to ordinary events and experiences. The works bear the marks of incidental studio occurrences, which conjure a conversation between the will of objects and the artist’s intention to activate them. Canvas and stretchers appear like characters, assuming the posture of active participants instead of subservient structure. The pieces engage with and resonate in one another, emphasizing the temporal relationship with the physical space. The forms are deliberately abstract and minimal, drawing our attention to subtle differences in the surfaces of material, gentle play with volume and light, and the quiet passage of time. All things being equal. was exhibited at the Ottawa Art Gallery’s Firestone Gallery in Ottawa from August 21 through September 13, 2015.

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6

Zanger, Maggy. "Not All Bulls Are Born Equal." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295689.

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7

Caldwell, Anita M. "Not All Fat Is Created Equal." Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295738.

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8

Borade, Shashibhushan Prataprao 1981. "When all information is not created equal." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45883.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-196).
Following Shannon's landmark paper, the classical theoretical framework for communication is based on a simplifying assumption that all information is equally important, thus aiming to provide a uniform protection to all information. However, this homogeneous view of information is not suitable for a variety of modern-day communication scenarios such as wireless and sensor networks, video transmission, interactive systems, and control applications. For example, an emergency alarm from a sensor network needs more protection than other transmitted information. Similarly, the coarse resolution of an image needs better protection than its finer details. For such heterogeneous information, if providing a uniformly high protection level to all parts of the information is infeasible, it is desirable to provide different protection levels based on the importance of those parts. The main objective of this thesis is to extend classical information theory to address this heterogeneous nature of information. Many theoretical tools needed for this are fundamentally different from the conventional homogeneous setting. One key issue is that bits are no more a sufficient measure of information. We develop a general framework for understanding the fundamental limits of transmitting such information, calculate such fundamental limits, and provide optimal architectures for achieving these limits. Our analysis shows that even without sacrificing the data-rate from channel capacity, some crucial parts of information can be protected with exponential reliability. This research would challenge the notion that a set of homogenous bits should necessarily be viewed as a universal interface to the physical layer; this potentially impacts the design of network architectures. This thesis also develops two novel approaches for simplifying such difficult problems in information theory. Our formulations are based on ideas from graphical models and Euclidean geometry and provide canonical examples for network information theory. They provide fresh insights into previously intractable problems as well as generalize previous related results.
by Shashibhushan Prataprao Borade.
Ph.D.

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9

Basson, Devon. "Equal pay for equal work and work of equal value : bridging the gender pay gab." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73163.

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Bridging the gender wage gap-South African history on women and the disadvantages suffered-South African legislation governing discrimination-international instruments governing equal pay between genders-international instruments on how to bridge the gender wage gap-consider international instruments in South Africa to bridge the gender wage gap
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted

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10

Grönkvist, Stefan. "All CO2 molecules are equal, but some CO2 molecules are more equal than others." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-452.

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This thesis deals with some challenges related to the mitigation of climate change and the overall aim is to present and assess different possibilities for the mitigation of climate change by: • Suggesting some measures with a potential to abate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, • Discussing ideas for how decision-makers could tackle some of the encountered obstacles linked to these measures, and • Pointing at some problems with the current Kyoto framework and suggesting modifications of it. The quantification of the net CO2 effect from a specific project, frequently referred to as emissions accounting, is an important tool to evaluate projects and strategies for mitigating climate change. This thesis discusses different emissions accounting methods. It is concluded that no single method ought to be used for generalisation purposes, as many factors may affect the real outcome for different projects. The estimated outcome is extremely dependent on the method chosen and, thus, the suggested approach is to apply a broader perspective than the use of a particular method for strategic decisions. The risk of losing the integrity of the Kyoto Protocol when over-simplified emissions accounting methods are applied for the quantification of emission credits that can be obtained by a country with binding emissions targets for projects executed in a country without binding emission targets is also discussed. Driving forces and obstacles with regard to energy-related co-operations between industries and district heating companies have been studied since they may potentially reduce net GHG emissions. The main conclusion is that favourable techno-economic circumstances are not sufficient for the implementation of a co-operation; other factors like people with the true ambition to co-operate are also necessary. How oxy-fuel combustion for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) purposes may be much more efficiently utilised together with some industrial processes than with power production processes is also discussed. As cost efficiency is relevant for the Kyoto framework, this thesis suggests that CCS performed on CO2 from biomass should be allowed to play on a level playing field with CCS from fossil sources, as the outcome for the atmosphere is independent of the origin of the CO2.
QC 20101015

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11

Mintz-Cole, Rachael A. "Mold Induced Asthma: Not all Molds are Created Equal." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353951649.

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12

Knuutinen, Jyrki Kalevi. "The equal value of shares in company law." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444760/.

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This thesis is about the value of shares. The focus is on analysing the norms of company law governing shares, shareholders' rights, and share value. A central point is that according to company law the value of shares is merely a matter of fact and opinion. In brief, shareholders decide about their shares thus, share value is more a question of markets than of law. On the other hand, law has a role in setting the value for shares. The law determines which opinion should prevail if there is disagreement about valuation furthermore, company law sets restrictions on shareholders' power. The equality of shares is one of the general principles of company law. Overall, when shares in a company have similar rights, these shares rank equally. This study emphasizes equality its aim is to clarify what the equality of shares means in company law. My conclusion is that English company law supports the equality of shares although that cannot be an absolute principle of law. Several commentators regard Short v Treasury Commissioners as a ruling stating that majority shares are more valuable than minority shares. This study explains case law differently. I consider that fair share value is generally determined on a pro rata basis, which view is expressed, for example, in O'Neill v Phillips. In sum, I propose that the governing idea is the equal value of shares. Yet, as share value is mainly beyond the scope of company law, this equality prevails only when the value is determined by the power of law.

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13

Hlongwane, Nomagugu. "Commentary on South Africa's position regarding equal pay for work of equal value: a comparative perspective." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This paper compared the South African concepts of pay equity and equal pay for work of equal value with those of industrialised countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. The study considered how South Africa recognized the right to promote equal pay, in the absence of a proper legal framework which expressly includes such a right. The paper also focused on the impact of statutes and case law on the developments of equal pay in the aforementioned industrialized countries. It also considered the impact of the decisions of the European Court of Justice on such developments as well as it impact on the interpretation of equal pay in these industrialised countries. The purpose of such comparison was not to transplant the legal system of these industrialised countries but to assist South Africa in remedying its weaknesses by creating legal rules for the promotion of equal pay for work of equal value.

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Mamashela, Ntsoaki Lydia. "A comparison of the implementation of equal pay for work of equal value with Canadian law." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18332.

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The consolidation of 22 years of democracy and 20 years of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa entrenched the need to eradicate social and economic inequalities, particularly those that stem from our history of colonialism, apartheid and patriarchy, which brought pain and suffering to the great majority of our people, in particular Black people. Therefore, the passing of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Constitution)1 20 years ago, marked a turning point in our history by giving expression firstly, to the Freedom Charter and secondly, by upholding the values of human dignity, equality, freedom and social justice in a united, non-racial and nonsexist society where every South African may flourish. However, despite the fact that the Bill of Rights in the Constitution provides that everyone is equal before the law and that equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedom, discriminatory practices, in particular, pay inequalities, are still rife in our country. It is against this backdrop that the historical background of the employment discrimination law in South Africa, which over a period of time, contributed significantly to the high levels of inequalities in pay experienced by the previously disadvantaged groups, such as Black people, women and people with disabilities becomes critical. This aspect points to the importance of understanding the context within which the principle of “Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value” has been and should be implemented in South Africa compared to Canada. Therefore, drawing from the review of the legislation and the implementation processes of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value, the following best practices/ lessons learned were identified: 108 of 1996. The Canadian Ontario Pay Equity Act states that the value of job classes be based on factors such as skill, effort, responsibility and working conditions. This Act also requires the employer to take proactive steps to institute a jobevaluation scheme, and the participation of the social partners and the affected workers is crucial. It is submitted that there are similarities in these requirements with those contained in the Employment Equity Regulations, 2014, which implies that the South African legislative framework draws on this best practice. The Ontario Employment Standards Act allows the comparison to be drawn with the establishment of the same employer in the same municipality, as well as with establishments to which a worker can be transferred. In this regard, it is observed that the new provisions on equal pay in section 6(4) of the Employment Equity Amendment Act, 2013, limits only the comparison with the employees of the “same employer” without elaborating further into the same municipality or with establishments to which a worker can be transferred. Under Ontario Pay Equity Act, even if there is no precise comparator in the establishment doing work of equal value, the employer must ensure that the worker’s pay is proportionate to others doing work of proportionate value. In the context of South African legislation, a comparison on the basis of proportionate value is not catered for. The meaning of “work of equal value” refers to the work that is the same (identical or interchangeable), substantially the same (sufficiently similar), or of equal value (accorded the same value) when compared to an appropriate comparator. In justifying equal pay, the Ontario statute provides that formal seniority systems and performance-related pay can justify unequal pay only if they do not discriminate on the grounds of gender. This is similar to the South African statute, in particular, regulation 7 of the Employment Equity Regulations, 2014, which include seniority and performance as some of the factors that may justify unequal pay only if they do not unfairly discriminate on one or combination of the listed grounds, and on any other arbitrary ground as prescribed by section 6(1) of the EEA as amended. As per the Ontario legislation, the employer cannot reduce the rate of remuneration in order to comply with the principle of equal pay for work of equal value. Similarly, in the South African legislation, in particular, regulation 7 of the Employment Equity Regulations, 2014, it prevents levelling down of pay in instances of demotions and in transfer of contracts (section 197 of the LRA). There is a requirement in terms of the Ontario Pay Equity Act, that employers must establish and maintain pay equity in their establishment in consultation with the bargaining agent (trade unions); and after the agreement, post a Pay Equity Plan in its workplace. In terms of South African legislation, the EEA does not have a requirement for a Pay Equity Plan, however, designated employers (those required to comply with Chapter III of the EEA) are required in terms of sections 19(1) and 20 of the EEA to conduct a review of their workplace policies, practices and procedures, inclusive of remuneration and benefits; and develop and implement affirmative-action measures to address any unfair discrimination practices by including these measures in their Employment Equity Plans. Furthermore, in terms of section 27 of the EEA, designated employers are then required to submit their annual Income Differential Statements to the Employment Conditions Commission (ECC) on the remuneration and benefits received in each occupational level of that employer’s workforce. In relation to dealing with pay-equity disputes, the Ontario Pay Equity Act, establishes a Pay Equity Commission, which consists of a Pay Equity Office, inclusive of Review Officers and the Hearings Tribunal that are mandated to specifically enforce the equal-pay-for-work-of-equal-value principle. Contrary, in South Africa, the legislation does not cater for the establishment of a Pay Equity Commission with exclusive mandate to deal with pay-equity cases. In this regard, the various courts and the CCMA which are mandated to deal with equal-pay disputes are also mandated to deal with other labour disputes emanating from other labour legislation, e.g. the LRA, BCEA, EEA, UIA, OHSA, COIDA, etc. The Review Officers in the Pay Equity Office in Ontario are mandated to monitor the implementation and maintenance of the Pay Equity Plans as per section 34 of the Pay Equity Act in Ontario. In South Africa, the EEA makes provision for DG Review process in terms of section 43, where the DG of Labour can subject any organization for a review to assess its compliance with the requirements of the EEA as whole, and not specifically to assess the implementation of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value. Notably, assessment of income differentials to promote equal pay may form part of the DG review process. In light of the above best practices / lessons learned, the following recommendations are made to inform the improvement plans of the implementation of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value in the South African labour market: Conducting of continuous advocacy campaigns to raise awareness and educate all stakeholders, i.e. employers, employees and trade unions on the principle of equal pay for work of equal value. Development of further policy guidelines in relation to equal pay consultations within the workplace between the employer and the employees, including where applicable registered trade unions. A policy directive on the “equal-pay consultation” will promote not only transparency around pay and benefit structures, but will encourage proactive measures from employers to develop pay/remuneration policies, including establishing remuneration committees; conducting job evaluations; implementing job-grading systems and performance-evaluation systems to promote the implementation of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value. 2 SS 115(4) and 158(1)(j) of 66 of 1995. Minimum wage-setting bodies should have the duty to apply the principle of equal pay for work of equal value in the setting of minimum wages. Collective bargaining structures such as bargaining councils should have a duty to apply and enforce the principle of equal pay for work of equal value in the wage-negotiation process and conclusion of collective agreements. Given the importance of collective bargaining in wage-setting in South Africa, there should be a duty on the social partners to include the principle of equal pay for work of equal value in all collective agreements. Industry-wide comparisons should be utilized, particularly in sectors in which collective bargaining operates at a sectoral level. Alternatively, the “Proxy” method as developed in Ontario, should be considered. Proportionate pay, as developed in Ontario, should be considered in cases where there is no comparator doing work of equal value, employed by the same employer. Possible legislative amendments to section 27 of the EEA to include a new provision, requiring employers to develop and implement a Pay Equity Plan outlining how they intend complying with the principle of equal pay for work of equal value. Then an annual progress report must be submitted to the Director General of Labour on how the Pay Equity Plan has been implemented instead of the current submission of an Income Differential Statement to the ECC. Finally, compliance with the principle of equal pay for work of equal value is required as a condition for accessing State Contracts under section 53 of the EEA when this section is promulgated in the near future. It can be deduced from the review process that the principle of equal pay for work of equal is a complex and specialized area. However, it was also clear that in both South Africa and Canada, the issue of equal pay is seen, not only as a workplace issue, but as an important Constitutional fundamental human-right imperative to the achievement of equality in a society as a whole.

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15

Shebib, Joseph David Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Skill and wages; the implementation of equal pay for work of equal value in the Federal Public Service." Ottawa, 1992.

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16

Kaliss, Gregory John Kasson John F. "Everyone's all-Americans race, men's college athletics, and the ideal of equal opportunity /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1684.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.

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17

Keen, Diana M. "All computations are created equal, but some are more equal than others : novel designs and uses of communication in auxiliary processing systems /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Bragg, Caleb Braxton. "Not All Forms Of Misbehavior Are Created Equal: Perpetrator Personality AndDifferential Relationships With CWBs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1440185224.

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19

Neumann, Bradley C. "Is All Open Space Created Equal? A Hedonic Application within a Data-Rich GIS Environment." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NeumannBC2005.pdf.

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Crawford, Lauren Anne. "Are All P53s Created Equal? Uncovering the Function of Soft-shell Clam (Mya arenaria) p53." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CrawfordLA2005.pdf.

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21

Bernloehr, Annette. "Antenatal care in the European Union : equal chances for all new citizens of the Community." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441872.

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Gallagher, Eamon. "All Recessions Are Not Equal: The Effect of Sectoral Shifts on Unemployment Using Regional Data." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2261.

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This thesis investigates the effect that variation in employment between industries has had on the depth of recession faced by Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the United States. This analysis is limited to the previous two national recessions. I use regression analysis to find that increases in variation in employment has a significant effect on the maximum increase in unemployment rate in MSAs after controlling for relevant MSA characteristics. In this framework I also find that increases in education could mitigate the negative effects of this variation. I include several other measures of depth of recession including the fall in economic conditions and length for real GDP to recover to its pre-recession levels. I find that the measure of variation is significant in explaining falls in the economic conditions, but not so in explaining the length it takes for each MSA to recover its real GDP.

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Rogerson, Jonathan J. "Not all models are created equal: assessing parameterisations of iron dynamics in ocean biogeochemical models." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32342.

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Iron is one of the most commonly studied trace metals as it exerts a significant influence on ocean productivity, carbon sequestration as well as modulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations. As iron is such a vital nutrient for biogeochemical processes it is often included as a variable in ocean biogeochemical models. In representing the iron cycle, biogeochemical models must parameterise the major processes of uptake by phytoplankton, remineralisation and scavenging. However, there is no generally accepted set of equations to represent iron dynamics and thus a variety of different parameterisations are employed across the modelling community. The thesis work focussed on the inorganic iron parameterisations with an emphasis on the scavenging formalisms which are employed in current biogeochemical models. Using an open-source numerical model (Biogeochemical Flux Model, BFM) as a background model, a more advanced inorganic iron parameterisations that simulates free iron scavenging and ligands linked to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (from the open-source model PISCES) was included and compared to assess the implications on iron cycling and plankton community structure. The parameterisations were compared by running box models (0D) in four different regions: Southern Ocean, Equatorial Pacific, North Atlantic gyre and North-east Pacific, representing different types of iron dynamics. The free scavenging model (FePISCES) resulted in dissolved iron concentrations being two to three times greater than with the standard formulation (FeBFM), which used a simpler formalism for scavenging. Consequently, the elevated iron concentrations in FePISCES resulted in altered community compositions for phytoplankton which impacted the seasonal cycle of macronutrients and chlorophyll concentrations. Furthermore, the prognostic appreciation of ligand dynamics in FePISCES lead to a decoupling of dissolved iron from its organic species with the DOC content for a region being indirectly implicated in driving the iron system by affecting the scavenging regime. Therefore, using a different set of iron parameterisations will alter the biogeochemical behaviour of a model. The results suggest that the testing of parameterisations should be initially done within 0D models in order to assess any non-linear behaviours and ultimately embedded in 3D models to study how they interact with physics.

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Ehrling, Gabriel. "All linkages are equal, but some linkages are more equal than others : Does the number of institutional linkages predict fundraising among aid organisations in Sweden?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302446.

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Several theorists have argued that organisations can increase performance through formalised cooperation with other important organisations (Baum & Oliver 1991). This notion of “institutional linkages” is appealing as it uses linkages as a proxy for legitimacy awarded to organisations for adherence to exogenous expectations. However, this operationalization also has its limitations. For what is the role of institutional linkages in groups of organisations where a majority of them – or all – are linked? Baum & Oliver (1991) provide meagre advice for what is to expect beyond the point of organisations being legitimate (linked) or not. But if organisations that hold (at least) one institutional linkage perform better than unlinked organisations, should not organisations that have multiple linkages also perform better than those who have but a single one? Intuitively, this seems reasonable. But considering that institutional linkages are associated with costs in terms of additional administration, audit and fees, it is not obvious that organisations desire ‘as many linkages as possible’. Using data for 339 aid organisations in Sweden, this study suggests developing the theoretical concept of institutional linkages, arguing that the number of institutional linkages serves as a prediction of organisational performance. Although further inquiry is needed to determine whether this effect persists as the number of linkages continues to increase, the findings suggest that organisations will strive towards having more institutional linkages than competing organisations.

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Campbell, Joan Cecelia. "All testimonies are not equal, a study of the use of [orao] in the Fourth Gospel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25197.pdf.

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Olivares, Yvonne. "Are all groups created equal? What role do different types of groups play in changing aspirations?" Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187036098.

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Shoots-Reinhard, Brittany. "Not all contrast effects are created equal the effect of extent of processing on contrastive judgments /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211542250.

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Drouin, Héloïse. "The Effects of Aging and Cognitive Strategies on Associative Memory: Not All Associations Are Created Equal." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36697.

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Young adults often outperform older adults on tests of associative memory, however, the source of this age-related associative memory deficit is still under debate. There are two main non-mutually exclusive hypotheses: 1) impaired binding processes (i.e. creating and retrieving links between units of information) and; 2) impaired strategic processes (i.e. cognitive control processes that support encoding and retrieval). Although both components are thought to contribute uniquely and interact to support associative memory, they have rarely been studied together. The primary goal of this dissertation is to further characterize associative memory deficits in healthy aging by measuring and controlling binding and strategic processes. Specifically, in this series of three experiments, we studied these two components concurrently by varying the level of demands on binding (i.e. comparing memory for different types of associations) and strategic processes (i.e. varying demands on self-initiated processes). A total N of 97 young adults and 94 older adults studied lists of object-pairs and object-location pairs under intentional encoding conditions. Demands on self-initiated processes were manipulated by increasing the number of foils at test (Experiment 1: 4 alternative forced-choice (AFC), vs. Experiment 2 & 3: 20AFC), and by providing strategy instructions in Experiment 3. We measured the production of strategies with trial-by-trial self-report. In all three experiments, we found that young adults outperformed older adults on object-object memory, but not on object-location memory. Older adults were just as proficient as young adults in generating strategies at study. This remained true even when demands on self-initiated processes increased. However, we found in all three experiments that young adults had greater strategy effectiveness (i.e. accuracy on pairs encoded with a strategy) on the object-object test. In contrast, performance on the object-location task was found to be less related to strategies. Our findings suggest that not all associations are equally affected by aging and that even when strategy production is equivalent between age groups older adults can still be impaired on associative memory. The secondary goal of this dissertation was to explore the contribution of individual variability in age, general cognitive functioning, meta-memory and executive functioning on object-object and object-location memory, strategy production, and strategy effectiveness. Our results highlight the important contribution of executive functioning over and above any effects of age in explaining age-related associative memory decline.

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Ma, Zhenzhong 1972. "All negotiations are not perceived equal : the impact of culture and personality on cognitions, behaviors, and outcomes." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85186.

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Culture and personality have been two of the most-studied factors in negotiation research, yet only limited evidence has been provided for their impact on negotiation behaviors and outcomes. This dissertation first reviews the development of negotiation research and explores an emergent body of negotiation studies that integrate cognitive and social factors into the examination of the negotiation process (Bazerman, Curhan, Moore, & Valley, 2000). A mental model of dyadic negotiation is proposed to incorporate the principles from social cognition research, whereby negotiation is seen as a cognitive decision-making process with involved parties defining what are appropriate objects of the dispute and what are acceptable behaviors and tactics. Within this framework, negotiator's cultural background, personality, and interpersonal relationship with counterpart jointly determine negotiator's cognitions, which further determine negotiation process (Barry & Friedman, 1998; Thompson, 1990, 1998).
A laboratory experiment is then designed to explore the effects of culture and personality on: (1) negotiator cognitions---the mental representations of the negotiation situation, issues, and negotiation partners, (2) competitive, collaborative, and yielding negotiation behaviors, and (3) economic and affective negotiation outcomes.
Three important negotiator cognitions, win-lose orientation, face-saving, and trust, are empirically tested in this study. Results suggest that negotiator cognitions do mediate the impact of personality and culture on negotiation process. Similarly, the impact of negotiator cognitions on negotiation outcomes is mediated by negotiation behaviors manifested during negotiation. Specifically, final results show that individualistic negotiators tend to perceive negotiation as a win-lose process and agreeable negotiators are more likely to trust their counterparts. Results also show that extraversion, long-term orientation, and collectivism are predictors of face-saving. Moreover, face-saving predicts competitive behavior that leads to higher individual profits while trust determines the level of collaboration that often leads to higher satisfaction. Practical implications and future research are discussed in the final chapter.

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Franklin, Pamela Mary. "Is all research created equal? institutional credibility and technical expertise in environmental policymaking at the US EPA /." Full text available online (restricted access), 2002. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Franklin.pdf.

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Griffis, Chelsea. "We are all from an unratified state : The Toledo National Organization for Women and its pursuit of the Equal Rights Amendment /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1249326562.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2009.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements of The Master of Arts in History." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 94-97.

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Schubert, Christopher. "ARE ALL STEREOTYPES CREATED EQUAL? EXAMINING GENDER AS A MODERATOR OF EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS EVOKED DURING SCHEMA VIOLATION." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2085.

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Schema violation has been shown to have an impact on cognition. Previous research using reading tasks has shown that the impact is not the same across male and female characters, and research has shown that men and women hold different view of schemas. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) has been used as a method to investigate schema violation, but no study has effectively investigated gender differences. Therefore, this study specifically investigates the factors of participant and character gender on schema violation during the IAT. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the cognitive impact of schema violation while participants completed gender and sexuality IATs. Significant effects were found for participant gender and character gender in several ERP components (N100, P200, N400, and LPP), but only for the gender-career IAT. This suggests that on a basic cognitive level ERP activity is influenced by gender.

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Lopez, Rivas Gabriel E. "Is All Injustice Created Equal? Exploring the Effects of Decision Outcome and Procedural Justice on Reactions to Injustice." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3919.

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Organizational justice scholars have ignored the influence that the nature of a decision outcome has upon reactions to perceived injustice, yet research on loss aversion demonstrates that people react more strongly to situations that result in a loss than those that result in an anticipated gain failing to materialize (non-gain). Furthermore, research on regulatory focus has found that the nature of a decision outcome can itself elicit different emotions. Based on this, a cognitive appraisal model of the relationship between injustice and emotions is proposed that accounts for the effect of decision outcome. This model predicts that emotional reactions to injustice will differ according to the nature of the received decision outcome as well as the fairness of the procedure used to reach that outcome. Specifically, it is hypothesized that a loss decision outcome will elicit a prevention focus and lead to greater agitation-related emotions, whereas a non-gain decision outcome will elicit a promotion focus and result in greater dejection-related emotions. In addition, it is predicted that, in the presence of an unfair procedure, outward-focused, foci-related emotions will be reported and that perceptions of procedural injustice will be related to increased retaliation especially following a loss. To test these predictions, participants were asked to provide their reactions to vignettes describing aloss or non-gain reached via a fair or an unfair procedure. Although all hypotheses were not supported, it was found that decision outcome produced a significant main effect on emotions, such that participants reported higher levels of negative emotions after a loss and higher ratings of positive emotions after a non-gain. In addition, it was found that procedural injustice was related to higher levels of outward-focused, negative emotions and increased retaliation.

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Braff, Pamela Hope. "Not All Biomass is Created Equal: An Assessment of Social and Biophysical Factors Constraining Wood Availability in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63997.

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Most estimates of wood supply do not reflect the true availability of wood resources. The availability of wood resources ultimately depends on collective wood harvesting decisions across the landscape. Both social and biophysical constraints impact harvesting decisions and thus the availability of wood resources. While most constraints do not completely inhibit harvesting, they may significantly reduce the probability of harvest. Realistic assessments of woody availability and distribution are needed for effective forest management and planning. This study focuses on predicting the probability of harvest at forested FIA plot locations in Virginia. Classification and regression trees, conditional inferences trees, random forest, balanced random forest, conditional random forest, and logistic regression models were built to predict harvest as a function of social and biophysical availability constraints. All of the models were evaluated and compared to identify important variables constraining harvest, predict future harvests, and estimate the available wood supply. Variables related to population and resource quality seem to be the best predictors of future harvest. The balanced random forest and logistic regressions models are recommended for predicting future harvests. The balanced random forest model is the best predictor, while the logistic regression model can be most easily shared and replicated. Both models were applied to predict harvest at recently measured FIA plots. Based on the probability of harvest, we estimate that between 2012 and 2017, 10 – 21 percent of total wood volume on timberland will be available for harvesting.
Master of Science

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Speirs, Jamie. "Are all energy resources created equal? : a comparative analysis of the dynamics of resources for the energy system." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24564.

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There is a longstanding debate about the future availability of energy resources, and a significant literature has developed around the issues of oil availability in particular. More recently, the availability of lesser-known critical metals, such as lithium and indium, has been called into question. These metals are key components in low-carbon energy technologies and a new evidence base that questions their future availability is emerging. Much of this research applies methods and techniques also applied to the analysis of oil resources, with the implicit assumption that these resources are in some way analogous. However, although there are similarities, there are also structural differences and the appropriateness of the assumed analogy has not been sufficiently tested. This thesis explores the similarities and differences in the structure of the oil, lithium and indium resource systems, examining the likely response of these systems to availability constraints and testing the appropriateness of this assumed analogy. The systems that define the market for resources are dynamically complex and involve a number of different interlinked variables. The way in which these resource systems respond to changes in surrounding conditions arises from the structure of these variables and their linkages. However, much of the existing analysis of critical metals relies on simplistic assumptions regarding the structure and function of these systems. To address this knowledge gap, this thesis first presents case studies of the three resource systems. The case studies are then used to develop three system dynamics models. This thesis finds that, while there are many similarities in the structure of the three resource systems modelled, the differences between them have a significant impact on their dynamic system behaviour. Analysis which overlooks these differences is likely to draw inaccurate conclusions. In particular, the resilience of metals to periods of constrained availability is potentially greater than that of oil if metal recycling is taken into account. However, metals recovered as by-products are potentially limited in their ability to resist constrained availability.

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Peixoto, Carla Sofia Nobre. "What is the value of value-at-risk after all?: A conditional approach using quantile regressions." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9475.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
In this Work Project, I propose a new approach to VaR estimation based on quantile regressions which does not require any distributional assumptions. I assume that there exist some state variables that capture persistent changes in risk. This methodology intends to solve the problem of lack of conditionality in VaR models and to capture volatility clustering where existing VaR models currently fail. I compare the out-of-sample performance of existing methods in predicting daily VaR for the S&P 500. I conclude that none of the methodologies developed so far produce satisfactory results in timing unexpected increases in market volatility. Moreover, alternative out-of-sample evaluation techniques yield to opposite results regarding the best VaR model. Nonetheless, in general, the GARCH model outperforms all the remaining models.

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Hadley, Tiffany S. "Not all reality is created equal a rhetorical hybrid of conspiracy and diatribe in Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11 /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1141244903.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 11, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Michael Moore, Documentary, Diatribe, Conspiracy, Hybrid, Generic Hybrid, Rhetorical Hybrid, Modes of Representation, Nichols. Includes bibliographical references.

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Abraham, Elsheba K. "Not All Leaders Are Perceived Equal: The Interaction between Leader Gender, Perceiver Gender, and Emotion Suppression on Leader Ratings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103877.

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Females continue to be underrepresented in leadership despite research demonstrating that leadership effectiveness does not vary by leader gender (Paustian-Underdahl et al., 2014). The current study examines the gender bias in leadership through the lens of leadership perceptions and evaluations; in particular, how perceivers' ratings of a leader would change as a function of the leader's gender. Leadership judgments are based on the leader prototype activated in the perceiver and how consistent/inconsistent the leader is perceived to be with the activated prototype (Lord et al., 2001). Due to the mismatch between the communal-oriented female gender stereotype and agentic-oriented expectations of a successful leader (Eagly and Karau, 2002), it was expected that the female leader would be rated more negatively than the male leader. Furthermore, the perceiver's gender and prior engagement in emotion suppression are investigated as two additional factors that could bias information processing when evaluating leaders. Male perceivers, who tend to hold a stronger masculine understanding of leadership (Koenig et al., 2011), were expected to evaluate the female leader more harshly than the male leader. Additionally, those depleted of their finite self-regulatory resources due to prior emotion suppression (i.e. being in a state of ego depletion; Baumeister et al., 1998) were predicted to rely more heavily on their stereotypes when making subsequent judgments; hence, ego-depleted individuals would demonstrate more bias in their ratings of the female leader relative to the male leader. In the current study, participants were randomly assigned to an emotion suppression or no suppression condition as they watched funny clips from the comedy series "The Office''. Then, they watched four business videos featuring a leader and three business managers. Participants were also randomly assigned to one of the two versions of the business videos portraying either a male or female leader. Leadership perception and leader effectiveness ratings were collected after each of the four business videos, and leader competence and leader warmth ratings were measured once after all four videos. Additionally, behavior recognition accuracy of agentic and communal leadership behaviors that were displayed in the four business videos was assessed. Contrary to expectations, the study findings demonstrate a dominant female leader effect; the female leader was evaluated more favorably than the male leader on all four leader judgments. This was observed both within the repeated measures and overall leadership ratings. An ego depletion effect was also observed; ego-depleted individuals showed lower accuracy in behavior recognition ratings and more leniency in leader warmth ratings. Furthermore, ego-depleted individuals showed less discernment by giving higher leader effectiveness ratings over time compared to non-ego-depleted individuals. Perceiver gender did not meaningfully affect leadership judgments. The unexpected pattern of bias in favor of the female leader instead of against her suggests that the nature of gender and leader stereotypes may be changing; the incongruence between the female stereotype and leader expectations may be decreasing, leading to more favorable evaluations of the female leader by both male and female perceivers. Moreover, the ability to provide fair and accurate judgments of leader effectiveness is reduced when depleted. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Doctor of Philosophy
The gender gap persists in leadership; although leader effectiveness has not been found to vary by the leader's gender, female leaders tend to be perceived and evaluated more negatively than male leaders. One reason for this is the mismatch between societal expectations for how women are ideally expected to behave and the expectations associated with a successful leader. In this study, gender bias in leader judgments and behavior recognition accuracy is examined by a leader's gender. Additionally, the perceiver's gender and prior engagement in emotion suppression are studied as two additional factors that can influence bias in leader ratings. Study findings demonstrate an unexpected but dominant female leader effect, where the female leader was perceived as more leader-like and rated more effective, more competent, and warmer than the male leader by both male and female perceivers. The amount of self-regulatory resources available also affected subsequent processing capabilities; those who suppressed their emotions and were depleted of their self-regulatory resources were less accurate in their behavior recognition ratings and were more lenient in their leader warmth ratings. Future research should explore if and how the nature of gender and leader stereotypes are changing, as evaluations of female leaders may not be as negatively-biased as it was previously.

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Zhou, Jing. "A different way to solve the missing value problem the case of equal employment opportunity data /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3830.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mathematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Hagberg, Elin, and Anna Stenhoff. "Attraction All Inclusive : Towards Poverty Reduction through Tourism in Nampula." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5692.

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This is an analysis of the potential for creating a sustainable value-chain for tourism in the Nampula province in northern Mozambique. Research for this analysis has been conducted both in Mozambique from a supply and community perspective and from the international demand level in Sweden. The study establishes that Nampula has the resources in the form of scenic landscapes, pristine beaches and a rich cultural and historical heritage that give ample potential to build a tourism industry. There are however, several obstacles that have to be overcome if the development of a tourism industry is to become reality. These obstacles include poor infrastructure, problems of marketing, a rather unvaried tourism supply, financial and monetary policy issues, low skills and knowledge, low integration of local production with the tourism sector, intricate bureaucracy, insufficient dialogue and socio- cultural issues.Analyses of international demand show a view of Mozambique as an expensive tourist destination with lower standards than competing destinations with similar price-levels. Marketing of tourism supply in Mozambique, and especially in Nampula, do not reach the international tourism market to any substantial degree and what actually does reach the market caters more for the luxury end.The most important conclusions drawn from this study are that substantial infrastructural development is needed on all levels and that there is a need to incorporate sustainable thinking within all measures and activities regarding tourism development. Furthermore, in order to attract larger volumes and different categories of tourists, diversification of tourist activities is required together with general improvements in standards of facilities and value-for-money. Regional cooperation and a wider focus on Nampula’s tourist-attracting opportunities such as culture-conscious tourism might help to create a local “trademark” and improve marketing options and possibilities. There is also need for increased access to basic education and information to facilitate the integration of local communities with the tourism sector. In addition, increased cross-sector coordination and dialogue are vital to an integrated and sustainable development of the tourism sector. For example, local agricultural development and improved distribution channels should not only be regarded as ends in themselves but also as beneficial towards the tourism industry – and vice versa.

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Vik, Jon. "Not All Goals Are Created Equal : Evaluating Hockey Players in the NHL Using Q-Learning with a Contextual Reward Function." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-175149.

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Not all goals in the game of ice hockey are created equal: some goals increase the chances of winning more than others. This thesis investigates the result of constructing and using a reward function that takes this fact into consideration, instead of the common binary reward function. The two reward functions are used in a Markov Game model with value iteration. The data used to evaluate the hockey players is play-by-play data from the 2013-2014 season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Furthermore, overtime events, goalkeepers, and playoff games are excluded from the dataset. This study finds that the constructed reward, in general, is less correlated than the binary reward to the metrics: points, time on ice and, star points. However, an increased correlation was found between the evaluated impact and time on ice for center players. Much of the discussion is devoted to the difficulty of validating the results from a player evaluation due to the lack of ground truth. One conclusion from this discussion is that future efforts must be made to establish consensus regarding how the success of a hockey player should be defined.

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Hadley, Tiffany Sunshine. "Not All Reality Is Created Equal: A Rhetorical Hybrid Conspiracy and Diatribe in Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1141244903.

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Johnson, Jennifer Erin. "Not all work is depicted equal : a purposive study of the portrayals of work and power in Ella Enchanted and Fairest." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13022.

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Western fairy tales include an ideological framework with the ability to absorb and transmit values. While the theme of work has been examined as a factor of patriarchalism and the Protestant work ethic in traditional European tales, there is a paucity of literature discussing its portrayal in contemporary young adult fairy-tale novels and other young adult fiction. This thesis is a “pilot study” that examines the portrayals of work and power in Gail Carson Levine's young adult fairy-tale novels, Ella Enchanted and Fairest. The findings demonstrate how the author constructs active work roles operating on the principles of oppression or self-sacrifice for the community, and passive work roles manifesting as submission, resistance or complicity. They further reveal Levine's adaptation of patriarchalism and the work ethic to strengthen the significance of humanitarianism to the plot and of active and skilled labour to the conclusion. Although she begins to portray teenage work experiences as a transitional step to the adult workforce, her overall depiction connects more strongly to children's fiction. The work of building social relationships is emphasized during the narrative, but removed from the happily-ever-after ending. Although considerable research must be conducted before any conclusions may be drawn regarding the ways work and power feature in all young adult fairy-tale novels, I am pleased to have drawn attention to the subject in my purposive analysis of Ella Enchanted and Fairest.

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Lopez, Rivas Gabriel E. "Is all injustice created equal? : exploring the effects of the nature of decision outcomes and procedural justice on reactions to injustice." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002074.

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Price, Matthew James. "'Are all treatment components created equal?' : a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment components in psychological interventions for chronic pain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18015/.

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Background: Though we know that psychological interventions for adults with chronic pain are effective, many unanswered questions remain. In particular, we have a poor understanding of how some aspects of treatment, such as treatment ‘dose’, relate to outcome. We also know little about the contribution of specific components included in broad treatment packages, such as CBT. Objectives: I replicated Williams, Eccleston and Morley’s (2012) Cochrane review of psychological interventions for adults with non-cancer chronic pain (excluding headache) but extended this in two ways: I investigated the relationship between dose and outcome, and developed a system of categorising treatment content across trials. Results: 64 randomised controlled trials (N = 7,840 participants) were included. Effect sizes(standardised mean differences) were calculated and used in meta-analysis to explore five outcome domains: pain experience, pain behaviour, emotional functioning, and coping and cognitive appraisal. My findings converge with previous reviews; psychological interventions were effective, but effect sizes were relatively small. Meta-regression analyses found limited evidence for the moderating role of treatment ‘dose’ on outcome. There was some evidence that the period over which treatment was delivered(i.e. ‘dose in weeks’), may be related to outcome for two out of five outcome domains. In terms of treatment content, trials that appeared to utilise the same broad treatment package (e.g. CBT), often appeared to feature different treatment components. Moreover, treatments described as being distinct (e.g. ACT and CBT) often used similar treatment components. Conclusions: The relationship between treatment dose and outcome is complex and dependent on the outcome being assessed. Broad labels of treatment types, such as CBT, are vague and do not represent homogenous groups. This suggests that all treatment components are not created equal. I propose single-case design and patient-level data analysis as tools to help further explore treatment components, including treatment dose, and outcome.

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Griffis, Chelsea A. "We Are All from an Unratified State: The Toledo National Organization for Women and Its Pursuit of the Equal Rights Amendment." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1249326562.

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47

Wehde, Wesley. "Not All Climate Policies are Created Equal: Going Beyond Indices to Measure Variation in Sources of Support for Specific Climate Policy Proposals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7861.

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Spychala, Yvonne Therese. "Are all lobes made equal? : comparing the sedimentological processes and depositional architecture of submarine lobes in different palaeogeographic and sequence stratigraphic positions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14334/.

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Submarine lobes are high aspect ratio sand-rich deposits fed by sediment gravity flows via channels. They are a major component of submarine fans, the largest depositional bodies on the planet, and therefore represent an important archive of palaeo-environmental change. Basin-floor, or terminal, lobes, are well-studied. Here, lobes in other geographical positions and the influence of confinement (especially when subtle and dynamic) and stratigraphic position on submarine lobe geometry, stacking patterns, and sedimentary facies are investigated. Extensive outcrop exposures and near-outcrop research boreholes from Permian fine-grained basin-floor and intraslope lobes in the Karoo Basin (South Africa) allow spatial and stratigraphic variability in sedimentary facies and architecture to be constrained. One hundred and seventy outcrop logs (~6.9 km total length) and 11 core logs (~1 km) from Units A and E, Laingsburg depocentre and Fan 4, Tanqua depocentre, were integrated to enable the analysis of different lobe types within a physical hierarchy and enabled detailed facies distribution trends, stacking patterns and depositional models to be established. The main outcomes of the study are: 1) recognition criteria for three distinctive lobe fringe settings: frontal, lateral and aggradational lobe fringes; observed differences between frontal and lateral lobe fringe deposits are controlled by flow processes, while aggradational lobe fringes form in response to subtle confinement by intrabasinal slopes; 2) the documentation of lobe stacking patterns within lobe complexes and complex sets. Karoo lobes show a range of stacking patterns that are controlled by seabed topography and sediment supply; 3) the evaluation of hybrid bed distribution that indicates strong geographic but weak stratigraphic trends at different hierarchical scales. Lobe stacking patterns are shown to be a major control in these trends; and 4) the comparison of depositional models established from basin-floor and rare examples of exhumed intraslope lobe complexes that show distinct differences.

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Vasanjee, Kamlesh C. "Business activities at the base of the pyramid (BOP) in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26573.

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This research was designed to provide insight into South African financial companies’ activities among the poor or the BOP (Base Of the Pyramid). South African businesses should build resources and capabilities with a strategic intent to create and exploit the traditionally under serviced markets while delivering goods and services that are of value. In doing so, managers, marketers and business leaders should view the South African adult population as households and not individual decision makers. The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of an equal partnership model for the BOP engagement in the South African economy. In the investigation of the equal partnership model, it was found that the participants (including the BOP as producers or consumers, business, local community members, nongovernmental organisations and local government) could derive mutual value. This mutual value can be described as the enhancement in growth for the business, raising the BOP out of poverty, involving the poor in the economy and boosting national economic growth (through job creation, tax revenue and investment). Findings of this research supported the aspects of resource commitment, experiential preparation, innovation and technology use in product or services together with mutual value creation for all partners (especially the poor). In addition, there was support for the different levels of risk taken by the partners, responsibilities expected from participants, the sustainability of the collaboration and the required depth of understanding of BOP circumstances. Bank managers responded positively to there being value at the level of the poor (such as profits, poverty alleviation and improved reputation). The collectivist nature of the poor in South Africa (in that the poor carry out financial decisions at the household level) was not established in this research and needs further investigation.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Wontner, Karen. "Achieving social value in public procurement through "Community Benefits" : can one size fit all?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/118020/.

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This research examines the drivers, barriers, enablers and benefits related to implementing Community Benefits (CBs) through public sector contracts. Typically, CBs include workforce and supply chain measures, community initiatives such as philanthropy or contributions to education and measures to reduce environmental impact. To date there have been few academic studies into CBs implementation. Through an in-depth cross-sectoral dyadic study of the issues faced by 29 organisations when implementing CBs, this research expands knowledge of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and socially responsible public procurement (SRPP). A multi-level conceptual model explores the relationship between external, organisational and individual level factors that influence the success of CBs implementation. The research makes a theoretical contribution by combining stakeholder theory, resource-dependence theory and the resource-based view to explain key findings. This research confirms many previous findings concerned with the drivers, barriers and enablers related to other forms of SSCM or SRPP in the literature. It extends academic knowledge by highlighting a number of novel findings, which may be specific to implementing CBs measures. Workforce measures and supply chain measures directed at including SMEs in the supply chain are most commonly employed but there is no "one size fits all" model for implementing CBs. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face more barriers than larger suppliers when providing socio-economic benefits to meet public sector requirements, particularly relating to workforce measures. Whilst many enablers have been suggested they are not always employed. By examining Community Benefits implementation through a dyadic study, this research enhances the understanding of academics and practitioners on how CBs may be maximised as a form of SRPP. Finally, this research has the capacity to positively influence future CBs implementation by providing key recommendations for policy-makers and practitioners and reporting results to participating organisations.

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