To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: "equal value for all".
Journal articles on the topic '"equal value for all"'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic '"equal value for all".'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Sanders, Lynn M. "ALL THINGS EQUAL?" Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 1, no. 1 (March 2004): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x04000116.
Full textAbstract:
Michael K. Brown, Martin Carnoy, Elliott Currie, Troy Duster, David B. Oppenheimer, Marjorie M. Shultz, and David Wellman, Whitewashing Race: The Myth of a Color-blind Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003, 349 pages, ISBN 0-520-23706-4, $27.50.Paul M. Sniderman and Thomas Piazza, Black Pride and Black Prejudice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002, 192 pages, ISBN 0-691-09261-3, $24.95.These two texts represent a somewhat unlikely pairing. What could an empirically detailed but wide-ranging, really indignant indictment of new right-wing homilies about racial politics—that's Whitewashing Race—have in common with what inquiring minds want to know about Black Pride and Black Prejudice, a carefully stepping report of results mostly from a 1997 survey, posing and answering such questions as whether African Americans share the “larger culture's” values, succumb to conspiratorial thinking, or are anti-Semitic? At the level of pure geography trivia, it so happens that all of the authors involved in generating these new books have some claim to Northern California roots or associations. But beyond that, do they have anything in common?
2
Glaser, Mark A., and Samuel J. Yeager. "ALL THINGS ARE NOT EQUAL: THE VALUE OF BUSINESS INCENTIVES." Policy Studies Journal 18, no. 3 (March 1990): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1990.tb00616.x.
Full text
3
Dobrin, Carmen. "Industry 4.0, M2m, Iot&S – All Equal?" ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 64, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucts-2014-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Similarity between Industry 4.0, M2M, IOT&S. Advantages and disadvantages obtained using this three important methods. Decreasing costs while components are getting smaller and smaller in a world with better networking. Influence of business management applications integrated in smart factory logistic. The most important impacts in merging virtual and real production world, with the improvement of best processes having the same goal: creating value by open innovation
4
Browner, Warren S. "Are All Significant P Values Created Equal?" JAMA 257, no. 18 (May 8, 1987): 2459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03390180077027.
Full text
5
Fischer, Arnout R. H., and L. P. A. (Bea) Steenbekkers. "All insects are equal, but some insects are more equal than others." British Food Journal 120, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 852–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2017-0267.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Lack of acceptance of insects as food is considered a barrier against societal adoption of the potentially valuable contribution of insects to human foods. An underlying barrier may be that insects are lumped together as one group, while consumers typically try specific insects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ways in which Dutch consumers, with and without insect tasting experience, are more or less willing to eat different insects. Design/methodology/approach In a quasi-experimental study (n=140), the participants with and without prior experience in eating insects were asked to give their willingness to eat a range of insects, and their attitudes and disgust towards eating insects. Findings Insects promoted in the market were more preferred than the less marketed insects, and a subgroup of preferred insects for participants with experience in eating insects was formed. Research limitations/implications Although well-known insects were more preferred, general willingness to eat remained low for all participants. The results indicate that in future research on insects as food the specific insects used should be taken into account. Practical implications Continued promotion of specific, carefully targeted, insects may not lead to short-term uptake of insects as food, but may contribute to willingness to eat insects as human food in the long term. Originality/value The paper shows substantial differences between consumers who have and who have not previously tasted insects, with higher acceptance of people with experience in tasting insects for the specific insects that are frequently promoted beyond their generally more positive attitude towards eating insects.
6
Messerli, Franz H., and Simbo M. Chiadika. "Stroke Prevention: Not all Antihypertensive Drugs are Created Equal." Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 6, no. 1_suppl (March 2005): S4—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14703203050060010201.
Full textAbstract:
Reductions in blood pressure (BP) through intervention can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. However, a number of trials indicate that beta-blockers, despite lowering BP, do not reduce the risk of stroke. A recent meta-analysis suggested that, over and beyond BP reduction, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors appear superior to calcium channel blockers for prevention of coronary heart disease whereas calcium channel blockers appear superior to ACE inhibitors for prevention of stroke. Indeed, in the Syst-EUR study a 42% reduction in strokes was achieved in the calcium antagonist arm when compared to the placebo arm.It is hypothesised that antihypertensive agents that stimulate the AT2-receptor (thiazide diuretics, dihydropyridine calcium antagonists and angiotensin receptor blockers) are more cerebroprotective than drug classes that do not stimulate the AT2-receptor (beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors).The angiotensin receptor blockers are the only drug class that have a dual mechanism of action that could be helpful in preventing strokes in that they not only inhibit the AT1-receptor but also allow stimulation of the AT2-receptor. Not surprisingly therefore, in trials such as LIFE, VALUE and MOSES, angiotensin receptor blockers showed excellent cerebroprotection.
7
Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo, Altair Seabra de Farias, Fernando Val, Alexandre Vilhena Silva Neto, André Sachett, Marcus Lacerda, Vanderson Sampaio, et al. "Providing Antivenom Treatment Access to All Brazilian Amazon Indigenous Areas: ‘Every Life has Equal Value’." Toxins 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120772.
Full textAbstract:
Snakebites are more frequent in the Brazilian Amazon than in other parts of Brazil, representing a high cost for the health system since antivenoms are only available through medical prescription from central municipal hospitals in most cases. The need for a cold chain and physicians usually restricts access to the only effective treatment of a snakebite, the antivenom. The complex topography of the rivers contributes to delays in treatment, and consequently increases the risk of severe complications, chronic sequelae and death. Thus, decentralization of antivenom treatment to primary healthcare facilities in the interior would increase access by indigenous population groups to proper healthcare. To standardize and evaluate the decentralization to low complexity indigenous healthcare units, we suggest the (i) development and validation of standardized operational procedures, (ii) training of professionals in the validated protocol in a referral health unit, (iii) implementation of the protocol in an indigenous healthcare unit, (iv) assessment of perceptions towards and acceptability of the protocol, and (v) estimation of the impact of the protocol’s implementation. We expect that antivenom decentralization would shorten the time between diagnosis and treatment and, as such, improve the prognosis of snakebites. As health cosmology among indigenous populations has an important role in maintaining their way of life, the introduction of a new therapeutic strategy to their customs must take into account the beliefs of these peoples. Thus, antivenom administration would be inserted as a crucial therapeutic tool in a world of diverse social, natural and supernatural representations. The information presented here also serves as a basis to advocate for support and promotion of health policy initiatives focused on evidence-based care in snakebite management.
8
van Imhoff, Gustaaf W., W. Graveland, B. Van der Holt, M. Van Glabbeke, L. F. Verdonck, P. Sonneveld, and J. C. Kluin-Nelemans. "All IPI Factors Are Equal, but LDH Is More Equal Than Others." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1913.1913.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The International Prognostic Risk Index (IPI) offers the most important prognostic information in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Risk classification is based on presence or absence of age >60 yr, stage III or IV, more than one extranodal site, performance score 2–4, or elevated serum LDH above the upper limit of normal (ULN). Because each factor confers a more or less equal independent risk for treatment outcome, they are summed to generate a final IPI risk score (Shipp model). Dichotomization of the continuous variable age is practical, as treatment for patients >60 yr often differs from younger ones. However, as LDH also is a continuous variable we wondered if risk based on actual LDH, especially in patients with highly elevated levels, would have additional prognostic impact. IPI risk factors including actual serum LDH at diagnosis were retrieved from 1286 patients (28% >60 yr) with advanced aggressive NHL and treated with curative intent in 6 clinical trials conducted by HOVON (5 trials) and EORTC (1 trial). All LDH ULNs from the participating centers were verified. LDH levels were divided by the ULN of each center to generate normalized ratios. Six % of patients had LDH >5 times ULN, 8% 3–5 times, 11% 2–3 times, 34% 1–2 times, 20% 0.75–1 times and 20% had levels below 0.75 of ULN. In a multivariate Cox regression model similar independent hazard ratios (HR) ranging from 1.6 to 2.6 were found for the individual dichotomized risk factors according to the Shipp model except for the number of extranodal sites which turned out to be non-significant. This factor was with a HR of 1.4 also the least predictive factor in the Shipp model. In contrast to the dichotomized LDH variable (normal versus elevated), risk for inferior outcome increased linearly with actual LDH levels. Five year OS estimates were 71% for patients with LDH <0.75 x ULN; 53% for 0.75–1; 49% for 1–2; 37% for 2–3; 31% for 3–5; and 25% for LDH >5 x ULN. The HR for these groups were respectively 0.54, 1, 1.45, 2.46, 2.54 and 5.15. This analysis using actual LDH values gave a better discrimination as compared to the HR of 2.6 (95% CI 2.1–3.1) for the dichotomized LDH (i.e. normal versus elevated) in multivariate analysis. Interestingly, the 235 patients with very low LDH (<0.75 x ULN) had much better outcomes with a HR of 0.54 as compared with patients with an LDH-ratio between 0.75 and 1. In conclusion, highly elevated LDH levels in aggressive NHL confer a worse prognosis and suggest the application of a modified IPI risk index adding extra risk points for patients with highly elevated LDH levels.
9
Redley, Marcus. "Full and equal equality." Tizard Learning Disability Review 23, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-11-2017-0044.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This commentary takes the article, “Participation of adults with learning disabilities in the 2015 United Kingdom General Election”, as a jumping-off point for considering a tension between the aim of full and equal equality for all people with disabilities as set out in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and more traditional beliefs, that on occasion, it is necessary to deny legal autonomy of men and women with intellectual disabilities in order to protect them. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This issue is explored by reviewing the multiple and often conflicting ways in which disability and intellectual disability are conceptualised. Findings Given the multiple and contradictory ways in which both disability and intellectual disability are understood, any discussion of the rights of persons with disabilities is going to be highly problematic. Originality/value Equal recognition before the law and the presumption that all persons with intellectual disabilities can – with support – make autonomous decisions could be treated as an empirical question.
10
Tang, Shijia. "Boris Groys’ Theory of Equal Rights in Aesthetics." International Journal of Culture and History 8, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v8i1.18521.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of aesthetic equality was put forward by Groys, one of the important contemporary art theorists and critics, against the background of the decline of multiculturalism and the emergence of the drawbacks of postmodernism. This concept is mainly aimed at the overcorrection of postmodernism, which regards the confrontation with mainstream culture and traditional values as a problem of political correctness. It refers to the equality of aesthetic judgment and aesthetic choice. Aesthetic value judgment can not be evaluated according to the commercial value in the market circulation, nor can it be evaluated only according to the cultural value in the art history, let alone whether it conforms to or resists the mainstream culture, it should be judged according to its directivity to the infinite possibility of the absence of image and art. According to Groys, aesthetic equality is not only an expression of artistic autonomy, but also an expression of artistic power. Different from other theorists' discussion of artistic autonomy in the framework of self-discipline or heteronomy, he regards it as a force of resistance and liberation, the contemporary phenomenon of political aestheticization and the politicization of aesthetics all show the function of this power.
11
Schwartz, Johanna J., Joshua Hamel, Thomas Ekstrom, Leticia Ndagang, and Andrew J. Boydston. "Not all PLA filaments are created equal: an experimental investigation." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 1263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2019-0179.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM) methods such as material extrusion (ME) are becoming widely used by engineers, designers and hobbyists alike for a wide variety of applications. Successfully manufacturing objects using ME three-dimensional printers can often require numerous iterations to attain predictable performance because the exact mechanical behavior of parts fabricated via additive processes are difficult to predict. One of that factors that contributes to this difficulty is the wide variety of ME feed stock materials currently available in the marketplace. These build materials are often sold based on their base polymer material such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or polylactic acid (PLA), but are produced by numerous different commercial suppliers in a wide variety of colors using typically undisclosed additive feed stocks and base polymer formulations. This paper aims to present the results from an experimental study concerned with quantifying how these sources of polymer variability can affect the mechanical behavior of three-dimensional printed objects. Specifically, the set of experiments conducted in this study focused on following: several different colors of PLA filament from a single commercial supplier to explore the effect of color additives and three filaments of the same color but produced by three different suppliers to account for potential variations in polymer formulation. Design/methodology/approach A set of five common mechanical and material characterization tests were performed on 11 commercially available PLA filaments in an effort to gain insight into the variations in mechanical response that stem from variances in filament manufacturer, feed stock polymer, additives and processing. Three black PLA filaments were purchased from three different commercial suppliers to consider the variations introduced by use of different feed stock polymers and filament processing by different manufacturers. An additional eight PLA filaments in varying colors were purchased from one of the three suppliers to focus on how color additives lead to property variations. Some tests were performed on unprocessed filament samples, while others were performed on objects three-dimensional printed from the various filaments. This study looked specifically at four mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, storage modulus, yield strength and toughness) as a function of numerous material properties (e.g. additive loading, molecular weight, molecular weight dispersity, enthalpy of melting and crystallinity). Findings For the 11 filaments tested the following mean values and standard deviations were observed for the material properties considered: pa = 1.3 ± 0.9% (percent additives), Mw = 98.6 ± 16.4 kDa (molecular weight), Ð = 1.33 ± 0.1 (molecular weight dispersity), Hm = 37.4 ± 7.2 J/g (enthalpy of melting) and = 19.6 ± 2.1% (crystallinity). The corresponding mean values and standard deviations for the resulting mechanical behaviors were: E = 2,790 ± 145 MPa (Young’s modulus), E’ = 1,050 ± 125 MPa (storage modulus), Sy = 49.6 ± 4.93 MPa (yield strength) and Ut = 1.87 ± 0.354 MJ/m^3 (toughness). These variations were observed in filaments that were all manufactured from the same base polymer (e.g. PLA) and are only different in terms of the additives used by the manufacturers to produce different colors or different three-dimensional printing performance. Unfortunately, while the observed variations were significant, no definitive strong correlations were found between these observed variations in the mechanical behavior of the filaments studied and the considered material properties. Research limitations/implications These variations in mechanical behavior and material properties could not be ascribed to any specific factor, but rather show that the mechanical of three-dimensional printed parts are potentially affected by variations in base polymer properties, additive usage and filament processing choices in complex ways that can be difficult to predict. Practical implications These results emphasize the need to take processing and thereby even filament color, into account when using ME printers, they emphasize the need for designers to use AM with caution when the mechanical behavior of a printed part is critical and they highlight the need for continued research in this important area. While all filaments used were marked as PLA, the feedstock materials, additives and processing conditions created significant differences in the mechanical behavior of the printed objects evaluated, but these differences could not be accurately and reliably predicted as function of the observed material properties that were the focus of this study. Originality/value The testing methods used in the study can be used by engineers and creators alike to better analyze the material properties of their filament printed objects, to increase success in print and mechanical design. Furthermore, the results clearly show that as AM continues to evolve and grow as a manufacturing method, standardization of feedstock processing conditions and additives would enable more reliable and repeatable printed objects and would better assist designers in effectively implementing AM methods.
12
Morelli, Neil A., and Christopher J. L. Cunningham. "Not All Resources Are Created Equal: COR Theory, Values, and Stress." Journal of Psychology 146, no. 4 (July 2012): 393–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.650734.
Full text
13
Rosenheck, Louisa, Grace C. Lin, Rashi Nigam, Prasanth Nori, and Yoon Jeon Kim. "Not all evidence is created equal: assessment artifacts in maker education." Information and Learning Sciences 12, no. 3/4 (May 15, 2021): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-08-2020-0205.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose When using embedded, student-centered assessment tools for maker education, understanding the characteristics of a body of evidence can help teachers guide the assessment process. This study aims to examine assessment artifacts from a makerspace program and present a set of qualities that emerged, which researchers and maker educators can use to evaluate the quality of evidence before interpreting it and making claims about student learning. Design/methodology/approach This study used the interpretive analysis approach to identify salient qualities in a body of evidence of maker learning. Data sources included student assessment artifacts, researchers’ analytic memos, notes on the coding and analysis process, background stories and field observations. Findings The study found that the assessment artifacts generated by students aligned with the maker-related target skills. A set of qualities was produced that can be used to describe the strength of a body of evidence and help determine whether it is appropriate to be used in the meaning making phase. Practical implications The qualities identified in this study can be directly incorporated into the embedded assessment toolkit to provide feedback on the strength of evidence for learning in makerspaces. Originality/value Assessment methods for maker education are nascent, and ways to describe the quality of a student-generated body of evidence have not yet been established. This study applies existing knowledge of embedded assessment and reflective practice toward the creation of a new way of assessing skills that are difficult to measure.
14
Craig, Clay M., Andrea M. Bergstrom, and Jenny Buschhorn. "All Guest Speakers Are Not Created Equal: Diverse Students Require Diverse Speakers." Journal of Advertising Education 24, no. 2 (November 2020): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098048220956939.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of staying relevant when teaching advertising courses is hardly a new concept, nor is the use of inviting guest speakers to achieve this goal. However, empirically assessing advertising students’ perceptions of guest speakers is an underexplored area. To address this gap and consider the perspectives of diverse student populations, this article analyzes data collected from an introductory advertising course at a large southern Hispanic-serving university ( N = 263). Results indicate students find value in having guest speakers, but not all speakers are created equal, and faculty need to strategically select who they invite and guide the presentation styles. Students prefer knowledgeable and passionate industry professionals as well as alumni who can share personal and industry examples. Gender and racial differences indicate women and Hispanic students have greater interest in learning from guest speakers. Additionally, first-generation (FG) college students demonstrated greater investment in guest speakers than non-FG college students.
15
Goodrow, Anne M., and Kasia Kidd. "We All Have Something That Has to Do with Tens: Counting School Days, Decomposing Number, and Determining Place Value." Teaching Children Mathematics 15, no. 2 (September 2008): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.15.2.0074.
Full textAbstract:
It is the seventieth day of school. As in many other second grades, the children in this class keep track of how many days they have been in school. In the following vignette, the children share number sentences that equal seventy. The second graders and Mrs. K., their teacher, are gathered on the rug in front of the whiteboard. Each child holds a small blue mathematics journal, in which they record their work. Keaton begins sharing expressions that equal seventy. As he dictates, Mrs. K. writes “139 – 39 – 30” on the chalkboard.
16
Sandström, Pia. "Equal value: A Swedish school implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 21, no. 1-2 (July 17, 2017): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol21iss1-2id322.
Full textAbstract:
When Solenskolan in Härnösand, Sweden, was built in 1982, the idea was to make room for all different kinds of children. Today the school extends from kindergarten, elementary school to ninth grade, special school and international class. The various forms of schooling coexist under the same roof and management. They collaborate across borders and the school has become a place which suits everyone. The school has long worked systematically to ensure equal value for all and used different strategies. The Swedish school authorities have designated Solenskolan as the 2008 school of equal value. The jury’s reasoning is that the school is working to improve all children’s participation and influence in the school’s everyday life. Work is well founded in the Convention on the Rights of the Child’s four key pillars. The school has a clear vision where concepts such as knowledge, security, influence and responsibility are demonstrated. Student empowerment and the needs of the child are held as fundamental in all contexts.The municipality’s equal treatment plan is an important tool in the quest to create a school where all can be equally involved. The plan prescribes how schools should interact with children, parents and other stakeholders in the community. At Solenskolan extensive work has been done to develop the influence and participation of children with disabilities or other issues. The school has chosen diversity as its identity. It is seen as a great opportunity to support learning and participation for all children. Diversities are seen as enriching, and this influence makes us prepared for the future.
17
Groys, Boris. "The logic of equal aesthetic rights." Tekstualia 2, no. 49 (June 12, 2017): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3111.
Full textAbstract:
The author of the essay addresses the question of the autonomy of art and its possible paradoxical role in supporting or projecting social and political movements. The modern territory of art in his view is organized around the absence or rejection of any immanent, purely aesthetic value judgments. Thus the autonomy of art implies not an autonomous hierarchy of taste, but the undoing of every such hierarchy and the creation of a space for the regime of equal aesthetic rights for all artforms and artworks.
18
Hu, Xun-Feng, and Deng-Feng Li. "A new axiomatization of a class of equal surplus division values for TU games." RAIRO - Operations Research 52, no. 3 (July 2018): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2017024.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we propose a variation of weak covariance named as non-singleton covariance, requiring that changing the worth of a non-singleton coalition in a TU game affects the payoffs of all players equally. We establish that this covariance is characteristic for the convex combinations of the equal division value and the equal surplus division value, together with efficiency and a one-parameterized axiom treating a particular kind of players specially. As special cases, parallel axiomatizations of the two values are also provided.
19
Hassen, Getaw Worku, Roger Chirurgi, Jean-Paul Menoscal, and Hossein Kalantari. "All eye complaints are not created equal: The value of hand-held retina camera in the Emergency Department." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 36, no. 8 (August 2018): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.019.
Full text
20
Mendez, Maria J., and John R. Busenbark. "Shared leadership and gender: all members are equal … but some more than others." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-11-2012-0147.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of shared leadership on the gap between male and female leadership influence in groups. Design/methodology/approach – The leadership influence of 231 members from 28 committees was studied using a social networks methodology. Gender differences in committee members’ directive and supportive leadership influence were analyzed through two ANCOVA tests. Findings – Results confirm significant differences between men and women’s leadership influence, as rated by their peers, using directive and supportive leader behaviors. Surprisingly, shared leadership has no significant effect on reducing this gender gap. Research limitations/implications – Results cannot be extrapolated to all other types of groups, since the committees studied have very unique characteristics due to their low typical mutual interaction. Practical implications – Organizations may need to consider complementary strategies in their group leadership design to prevent the emergence of strong gender gaps when leadership is shared. These strategies could involve training members to recognize gender inequalities in leadership status and assigning leadership roles formally to ensure more equal participation in leadership. Originality/value – This paper examines the promise of gender equality in shared leadership and provides empirical data that shows that this promise is not being realized.
21
Klasan, A., ES Krottenthaler, M. Luger, R. Hochgatterer, C. Schopper, and T. Gotterbarm. "Not all questions are created equal – the weight of the Oxford Knee Score Questions." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 6_suppl2 (June 1, 2021): 2325967121S0018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00181.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) has been designed for patients with knee osteoarthritis. It uses 12 questions to give an objective patient reported outcome measure. It is one of the most used questionnaires in the orthopaedic community. Each question has the same numeric value, 0-4, giving a maximal number of 48. The OKS has been observed to have a significant ceiling effect, especially when distinguishing slight postoperative differences between implant and alignment philosophies. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that each question in fact does not have the same weight for each patient, and that it depends significantly on the patient’s sociodemographic data and lifestyle. Methods: In this ethics-board approved prospective study, we included patients coming to a specialist outpatient knee clinic. Each patient filled out 3 questionnaires, in this consecutive order: demographic data (age, gender, height, weight, BMI) as well as data pertaining to the OKS, to which the patient was initially blinded for (stairs at home, self-use of a car, use of walking aids, working, previous surgery). Then the patient filled out the standard OKS. Finally, the patient gave a note on the importance of each of the question’s topics, using a 5-point Likert scale. Linear regression models were created to predict the weight of each of the questions. Results: We included 77 patients, median age 66 (IQR 18) of which were 40 women and 37 men. Median BMI was 27.7 (IQR 8.2). As for the OKS-related demographic data, 89.6% of patients had stairs, 70.1% were still driving a car, 23.4% were using walking aids, 33.7% were still working and 72.7% previous knee surgery. According to the Likert scale, the questions with the highest weight were about washing, night pain, and stability (all median 5 [IQR 1]). The questions with the lowest weight were about walking a longer distance (median 4 [2]), getting up after sitting (median 4 [1]), and kneeling (median 4 [1]). The difference between high-weighted and low-weighted questions was significant (p<0.001). A weak correlation between the recorded score and recorded question weight was observed for the question on stability (p=0.036, r=0.239) and a reverse correlation for the question on shopping (p=0.021, r=-0.263). In the regression models, question on pain was predicted by higher age (p=0.009, B = - 0.02), question on transport was predicted by the patients’ self-use of a car (p=0.008, B=0.557), question on walking for a longer period by height (p=0.02, B 0.167), weight (p=0.33, B=-0.155) and BMI (p=0.032, B=0.427), question on standing up after eating was predicted by female gender (p=0.024; B=0.634) and working (p=0.019; B=0.306), question on night pain by female gender (p=0.049, B=0.255) and self-use of a car (p<0.001, B=0.525), and the question on stability by self-use of a car (p=0.041; B=0.434). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that each patient’s lifestyle significantly influences the importance of each of the OKS questions. This is, however, not reflected in the OKS, which in turn gives each question the same numeric value. Patients who still work and drive by themselves have given a higher value on questions that reflect these actions. This might be one of the reasons of the ceiling effect of OKS.
22
Titangos, Hui-Lan H. "Library services for all ages – building economical, equal, and complete audio collections." Library Management 39, no. 1/2 (January 8, 2018): 116–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-05-2017-0048.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose To provide library service to users of all ages has been one of the primary missions of county libraries since 1908 when the first branch of the first county library system was born in Sacramento as a proud milestone in the history of California public library. It has been a constant challenge to local governments and library staff members alike, especially when there are economic downturns or many priority programs to balance with. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The paper introduces an innovative methodology in collection development to promote the concept that library collections, traditional or digital, can serve users of all ages as long as they can be adaptable to meet the changing needs of users, and compatible with changing information technologies. Findings By examining the process of an audio collection integrated as part of library collections and deeply rooted in users’ lives, the author reports the findings in the following areas: developing a robust audio collection catering to all users at Santa Cruz Public Libraries, despite technological changes and limited budget; getting involved in the whole organization’s programs and projects by collaborations; offering innovative promotion approaches; providing comprehensive subject coverage and always keeping the local community in mind; and evolving constantly to make technologies your friends, not foes. Research limitations/implications The paper analyzes a successful collection development experience in audio collections to strive to realize the original county library’s ideal to serve users of all ages in California. Practical implications The successful collection development experience is useful not only for acquisition librarians, but a much broader audience such as library managers in charge of library material budgets. Social implications The findings point out a number of social implications confronting library professionals worldwide. They include conflicts between users’ real needs vs our assumptions, limited budget vs expanding coverage, and library services vs the nature of technology. Originality/value The paper helps library professionals to develop, maintain, and succeed in their short- and long-term goals in collection development.
23
Kotlyar, V. V., A. A. Kovalev, and A. V. Volyar. "Topological charge of optical vortices and their superpositions." Computer Optics 44, no. 2 (April 2020): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-685.
Full textAbstract:
An optical vortex passed through an arbitrary aperture (with the vortex center found within the aperture) or shifted from the optical axis of an arbitrary axisymmetric carrier beam is shown to conserve the integer topological charge (TC). If the beam contains a finite number of off-axis optical vortices with different TCs of the same sign, the resulting TC of the beam is shown to be equal to the sum of all constituent TCs. For a coaxial superposition of a finite number of the Laguerre-Gaussian modes (n, 0), the resulting TC equals that of the mode with the highest TC (including sign). If the highest positive and negative TCs of the constituent modes are equal in magnitude, then TC of the superposition is equal to that of the mode with the larger (in absolute value) weight coefficient. If both weight coefficients are the same, the resulting TC equals zero. For a coaxial superposition of two different-amplitude Gaussian vortices, the resulting TC equals that of the constituent vortex with the larger absolute value of the weight coefficient amplitude, irrespective of the relation between the individual TCs.
24
Gignon, Lucile, Claire Roger, Sophie Bastide, Sandrine Alonso, Laurent Zieleskiewicz, Hervé Quintard, Lana Zoric, et al. "Influence of Diaphragmatic Motion on Inferior Vena Cava Diameter Respiratory Variations in Healthy Volunteers." Anesthesiology 124, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 1338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001096.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The collapsibility index of inferior vena cava (cIVC) is widely used to decide fluid infusion in spontaneously breathing intensive care unit patients. The authors hypothesized that high inspiratory efforts may induce false-positive high cIVC values. This study aims at determining a value of diaphragmatic motion recorded by echography that could predict a high cIVC (more than or equal to 40%) in healthy volunteers. Methods The cIVC and diaphragmatic motions were recorded for three levels of inspiratory efforts. Right and left diaphragmatic motions were defined as the maximal diaphragmatic excursions. Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the performance of right diaphragmatic motion to predict a cIVC more than or equal to 40% defining the best cutoff value. Results Among 52 included volunteers, interobserver reproducibility showed a generalized concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) above 0.9 for all echographic parameters. Right diaphragmatic motion correlated with cIVC (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001). Univariate analyses did not show association between cIVC and age, sex, weight, height, or body mass index. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for cIVC more than or equal to 40% was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.93). The best diaphragmatic motion cutoff was 28 mm (Youden Index, 0.65) with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 77%. The gray zone area was 25 to 43 mm. Conclusions Inferior vena cava collapsibility is affected by diaphragmatic motion. During low inspiratory effort, diaphragmatic motion was less than 25 mm and predicted a cIVC less than 40%. During maximal inspiratory effort, diaphragmatic motion was more than 43 mm and predicted a cIVC more than 40%. When diaphragmatic motion ranged from 25 to 43 mm, no conclusion on cIVC value could be done.
25
Dorey, Frederick. "Statistics in Brief: Interpretation and Use of p Values: All p Values Are Not Equal." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 469, no. 11 (September 15, 2011): 3259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11999-011-2053-1.
Full text
26
Courard-Hauri, David, and Stephen A. Lauer. "Taking “All Men Are Created Equal” Seriously: Toward a Metric for the Intergroup Comparison of Utility Functions Through Life Values." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 3, no. 3 (August 23, 2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/2152-2812.1099.
Full textAbstract:
The use of wage differential techniques to estimate the value of a statistical life (VSL) leads to the conclusion that willingness to pay for risk reduction increases with income. However, the use of this result in policy-relevant calculations, such as benefit-cost analysis, has led to criticism among ethicists and the lay public, at the same time as it has been defended in the economic literature. In this paper, we argue that differential valuation measures not a differential value that individuals place upon their own lives, but a differential value that they place upon marginal economic resources. Using two sets of VSL estimates from metastudies, we provide an initial estimate of the relative marginal value of income, allowing interpersonal comparison at the societal level. With these results, we propose an empirically determined, ethically justifiable social welfare function that can be easily incorporated into benefit-cost analysis and that has important implications for development economics, although more work is necessary to provide a robust estimate.
27
Falconer, K. J. "The Hausdorff dimension of self-affine fractals." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 103, no. 2 (March 1988): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100064926.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIf T is a linear transformation on ℝn with singular values α1 ≥ α2 ≥ … ≥ αn, the singular value function øs is defined by where m is the smallest integer greater than or equal to s. Let T1, …, Tk be contractive linear transformations on ℝn. Let where the sum is over all finite sequences (i1, …, ir) with 1 ≤ ij ≤ k. Then for almost all (a1, …, ak) ∈ ℝnk, the unique non-empty compact set F satisfying has Hausdorff dimension min{d, n}. Moreover the ‘box counting’ dimension of F is almost surely equal to this number.
28
Southey, Kim. "To fight, sabotage or steal: are all forms of employee misbehaviour created equal?" International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 6 (September 5, 2016): 1067–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2015-0219.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The endless manifestation of employee misbehaviours can be classified according to Robinson and Bennett’s (1995) employee deviance typology. Using this typology, the purpose of this paper is to examine the level of “judicial” tolerance for offences committed by employees across Australian workplaces that culminated in an arbitration hearing before the country’s federal industrial tribunal. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis was performed on 565 misbehaviour related, unfair dismissal arbitration decisions made by Australia’s federal industrial tribunal between July 2000 and July 2010. Using the count data that resulted, a logistic regression model was developed to determine which unfair dismissal claim characteristics influenced whether or not a dismissal was deemed to be an appropriate course of disciplinary action. Findings The results suggest that an arbitrator’s gender, experience and background have influence on his or her decision. Significance tests also verified that personal aggression, production deviance, political deviance and property deviance were all considered unacceptable in Australian workplaces. Importantly, the results enable the ordering of the range of tolerance. From this ordering, a picture emerged as to what factor may be framing the extremities of the arbitrators’ tolerance for the misbehaviours: the target (or victim) of the behaviour. Research limitations/implications Unfair dismissal claims that are settled through private conciliation, as they occur off the public record, could not be included in the analysis. Practical implications Society’s implicit stakeholder interest in what constitutes appropriate workplace behaviour is further testament to the HRM obligation to facilitate sustainable workforces. Management should consider whether dismissing a misbehaving employee is a reactionary approach to broader organisational issues associated with employee well-being and cultural norms. In order to contribute to sustainable workforces, HRM policies and actions should focus on limiting triggers that drive misbehaviour, particularly behaviours that result in harm to individuals as a matter of priority, followed closely by triggers to behaviours that result in harm to organisational profitability. Originality/value This paper presents new insights about the degrees to which various forms of employee misbehaviour are accepted in the workplace.
29
Azagra, D., and R. Deville. "Subdifferential Rolle's and mean value inequality theorems." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 56, no. 2 (October 1997): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700031063.
Full textAbstract:
In this note we give a subdifferential mean value inequality for every continuous Gâteaux subdiferentiable function f in a Banach space which only requires a bound for one but not necessarily all of the subgradients of f at every point of its domain. We also give a subdifferential approximate Rolle's theorem satating that if a subdifferentiable function oscilllates between −ɛ and ɛ on the boundary of the unit ball then there exists a subgradient of the function at an interior point of the ball which has norm less than or equal to 2ɛ.
30
Kongo, Takumi. "Effects of Players’ Nullification and Equal (Surplus) Division Values." International Game Theory Review 20, no. 01 (March 2018): 1750029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198917500293.
Full textAbstract:
We provide axiomatic characterizations of the solutions of transferable utility (TU) games on the fixed player set, where at least three players exist. We introduce two axioms on players’ nullification. One axiom requires that the difference between the effect of a player’s nullification on the nullified player and on the others is relatively constant if all but one players are null players. Another axiom requires that a player’s nullification affects equally all of the other players. These two axioms characterize the set of all affine combinations of the equal surplus division and equal division values, together with the two basic axioms of efficiency and null game. By replacing the first axiom on players’ nullification with appropriate monotonicity axioms, we narrow down the solutions to the set of all convex combinations of the two values, or to each of the two values.
31
Kheder, Malik Hussain, Hanaa Nafee Azeez, Muna Yohana Slewa, and Thoalfiqar Ali Zaker. "Determination of Uranium Contents in Soil Samples in AL-Hamdaniya Region Using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector CR-39." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 30, no. 1 (August 15, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i1.358.
Full textAbstract:
Uranium is a common radioactive element in Earth’s crust (soil, rock), so it is important there quantity to be under control. The concentration of uranium in soil varies widely, Depending on the geological location, its concentration in the surface soil vary from 0.1 mg.Kg-1 (ppm) to 20 mg.Kg-1 (ppm) with a world average of 2.8 ppm and the allowed limit that equals 11.7 ppm. The uranium concentration, radon activity, radon concentration, in twenty soil samples collected from AL-Hamdaniya region (East of Mosul city) were measured using the sealed-can technique based on the CR-39 SSNTDs. The estimated values for the uranium activity which equal to radon activity at secular equilibrium were found vary between (581.11-1453.5) mBq with mean value 905.89 mBq, the uranium concentration are between (0.313-0.784) ppm with mean value of 0.488 ppm. All values of the samples under the test are below of allowed limit and world average value.
32
Newton, David. "Are All Forecasts Made Equal? Conditioning Models on Fit to Improve Accuracy." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 22, no. 03 (September 2019): 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091519500188.
Full textAbstract:
We present a parsimonious method of improving forecasts and show that fit, the discrepancy between model forecasts and realized values, is persistent for individual stocks. Conditioning on fit profoundly affects the forecast error for future and out-of-sample returns. Forecasts of stock price direction with the best (worst) decile of historical fit are correct 63.6% (49.2%) of the time and are significantly different from the unconditioned model’s 56% accuracy. We find that superior factor forecasts are essential to profit from model conditioning and conclude that analysts who possess superior factor estimates can dramatically improve their forecasts through the technique we present.
33
Ismayilova, Sevil, Sadaqat Sultanova, Aygun Huseynova, and Valeh Mirzazade. "Definition of Norma / Prediabetes Cut-off Point for Fasting Glycaemia on the Basis of Glucose Tolerance Test and HbA1c Interrelationships." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.653.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Unification of the approach to the diagnosis of prediabetes (PD) is hardly in doubt. The borderline between PD and diabetes is recognized by all, as well as the upper and lower bounds of PD according to the results of glycemia 120 minutes after 75 g glucose loading (GL120). There are still ambiguities regarding glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glycemia (FG). For determination of the Norma/PD cut-off point for FG, we analyzed 85 nondiabetic glucose tolerance test results (75.0 glucose; Samples of fasting blood, and 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes after glucose loading) by using correlation and regression analysis. Glycemic values were measured in mg/dl, HbA1c values were measured in %. The fact of identifying the relationship between FG and Gl120 (r=+0.52 [95%CI +0.346, +0.659]; p<0.001), as well as between FG and HbA1c (r=+0.59 [95%CI +0.432, +0.713]; p<0.001) were the basis of this study. As a result of using regression analysis, multiple regression equations were obtained. GL0 =-4.2439 + 0.1927 * GL120 + 15.462 * HbA1c If GL120 is equal to 139 mg/dl (in accordance with all recommendations), and HbA1c is equal to 5.9% (in accordance with the recommendations of NICE, Canadian Diabetes Association, Australian Diabetes Association, et al.), the maximal normal value for FG should be equal to 114 mg/dl. If GL120 is 139 mg/dl and HbA1c is 5.6% (as recommended by the American Diabetes Association), the maximum normal value of FG should be 109 mg/dl. The optimal upper limit of normal carbohydrate metabolism is levels of GL120 equal to 139 mg/dl, HbA1c - equal to 5.6%, and FG - equal to 109 mg/dl. Values above these and below diabetic levels (200 mg/dl, 6.5%, and 126 mg/dl, respectively) can be considered as prediabetes.
34
Crowder, George. "Value Pluralism and Monotheism." Politics and Religion 7, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 818–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048314000595.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHow far can monotheism be reconciled with the pluralism characteristic of modern societies? In this article, I focus on the “value pluralism” of Isaiah Berlin, which I suggest captures a deeper level of plurality than Rawls's more familiar version of pluralism. However, some critics have objected that Berlinian pluralism is too controversial an idea in which to ground liberalism because it is profoundly at odds with the monotheism professed by so many citizens of a modern society. I argue that monotheists can be value pluralists as long as they do not insist that their faith is superior to all others. This pluralist position is exemplified by elements of the interfaith movement, according to which many religions are recognized as having roughly equal value. I also argue that a value-pluralist approach to religious accommodation, if it can be achieved, may be more stable than the uneasy combination of disapproval and restraint involved in the more orthodox solution to conflict among religions, toleration.
35
Ginevičius, Romualdas, and Valentinas Podviezko. "COMPLEX EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF ECONOMICAL ACTIVITIES IN CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES/STATYBOS ĮMONIŲ KOMERCINĖS-ŪKINĖS VEIKLOS EFEKTYVUMO KOMPLEKSINIS ĮVERTINIMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 6, no. 4 (August 31, 2000): 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2000.10531601.
Full textAbstract:
The means used at the present time for a complex evaluation of the efficiency of building enterprise activities are either oversimplified or too complicated. Therefore it is necessary to develop for practical needs convenient, simple and understandable means. The problem can be solved by methods based on a graphical-analytical interpretation. Among the comparatively simple means applied now for a complex evaluation are: by the sum of work places; evaluation based on a geometrical average; evaluation based on the sum of partial indices, etc. More complicated means include the multi-criteria complex proportional evaluation, etc. In case of the suggested graphical-analytical complex evaluation, different charts may be used, including pie charts. Three dimensions differ in them: partial indices, the corresponding central angles and the circle radius. There exist some cases of graphical-analytical evaluation. In the first case, the circle area in divided into n sectors, the area of each sector being equal to the value of a corresponding partial criterion. In the second case, the circle is also divided into n sectors. The radius of each sector equals the value of a corresponding partial index. The generalised index is equal to the sum of all sector areas, too. In the third case, the radii of all sectors are the same and their angles are proportional to the values of partial angles of each sector. After connecting by a line the points got in that way, a figure is obtained which describes the corresponding criterion. The sum of areas of all such figures reflects the value searched for. In all three cases the importance of partial indices can be estimated additionally. The calculations performed according to all existing and suggested cases have shown that the means for graphical-analytical complex evaluation are precise and can be applied in everyday activities.
36
Musango, Laurent, Ajoy Nundoochan, Philippe Van Wilder, and Joses Muthuri Kirigia. "Monetary value of disability-adjusted life years lost from all causes in Mauritius in 2019." F1000Research 10 (February 3, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28483.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The Republic of Mauritius had a total of 422,567 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from all causes in 2019. This study aimed to estimate the monetary value of DALYs lost in 2019 from all causes in Mauritius and those projected to be lost in 2030; and to estimate the monetary value of DALYs savings in 2030 if Mauritius were to attain the national targets related to five targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 on good health and well-being. Methods: The human capital approach was used to monetarily value DALYs lost from 157 causes in 2019. The monetary value of DALYs lost in 2019 from each cause was calculated from the product of net gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Mauritius and the number of DALYs lost from a specific cause. The percentage reductions implied in the SDG3 targets were used to project the monetary values of DALYs expected in 2030. The potential savings equal the monetary value of DALYs lost in 2019 less the monetary value of DALYs expected in 2030. Results: The DALYs lost in 2019 had a total monetary value of Int$ 9.46 billion and a mean value of Int$ 22,389 per DALY. Of this amount, 84.2% resulted from non-communicable diseases; 8.7% from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; and 7.1% from injuries. Full attainment of national targets related to the five SDG3 targets would avert DALYs losses to the value of Int$ 2.4 billion. Conclusions: Diseases and injuries cause a significant annual DALYs loss with substantive monetary value. Fully achieving the five SDG3 targets could save Mauritius nearly 8% of its total GDP in 2019. To achieve such savings, Mauritius needs to strengthen further the national health system, other systems that tackle the social determinants of health, and the national health research system.
37
Bem, H., S. Janiak, and B. Przybył. "Survey of indoor radon (Rn-222) entry and concentrations in different types of building in Kalisz, Poland." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 326, no. 2 (October 10, 2020): 1299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07394-0.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Indoor radon (222Rn) was surveyed in a total of 141 individual houses and apartments used precalibrated passive PicoRad Detectors. The radon activity in the soil gas around the dwellings was simultaneously measured. The arithmetic mean values of indoor radon concentrations for detached houses, old buildings (up to four-stories), prefabricated blocks of flats (mostly five stories) and high-rise residential buildings (10-stories) were:, 70.9; 46.5; 38.4, and 56.6 Bq m−3, respectively. The average arithmetic mean value for all measured rooms equals 51.8 Bq m−3. The calculated average effective dose from indoor radon for the local population was equal to 2.2 mSv.
38
Hart, David J., and Herbert F. Wang. "Variation of unjacketed pore compressibility using Gassmann’s equation and an overdetermined set of volumetric poroelastic measurements." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 1 (January 2010): N9—N18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3277664.
Full textAbstract:
Gassmann’s original equation provides a means to relate bulk elastic parameters of a porous material with the compressibility of the pore fluid. The original analysis assumed microhomogeneity and isotropy, which assumed that pore compressibility was equal to grain compressibility. Although subsequent theoretical arguments have shown that Gassmann’s original assumption is violated for most rocks and that pore compressibility need not equal grain compressibility, few experimental studies have compared the two compressibilities; the assumption that pore compressibility equals grain compressibility is still commonly made. We measured hydrostatic poroelastic constants of Berea sandstone and Indiana limestone under drained, undrained, and unjacketed conditions over a range of confining and pore pressures to test the assumption that pore compressibility equals grain compressibility. These two rocks were chosen because they havesimilar values of porosity but different elastic behaviors: Berea sandstone is nonlinearly elastic, especially at low effective stresses, but Indiana limestone is linearly elastic at nearly all stresses. At low effective stresses below [Formula: see text], the pore compressibility for Berea sandstone does not equal grain compressibility but approaches fluid compressibility. Even at higher effective stresses, pore compressibility for Berea sandstone does not equal bulk grain compressibility but approaches a value approximately two to three times the bulk grain compressibility. In contrast, pore compressibility for Indiana limestone does seem to be equal to grain compressibility except perhaps at low effective stresses below [Formula: see text]. The difference between pore compressibilities of these two rocks is likely from the presence of more compliant clay minerals mixed with quartz grains with more microcracks in the Berea sandstone as compared to the well-cemented Indiana limestone.
39
Haydar, Amal Khalaf, and Ruaa Hameed Hassan. "Generalization of Fuzzy Laplace Transforms of Fuzzy Fractional Derivatives about the General Fractional Ordern-1<β." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6380978.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim in this paper is to use all the possible arrangements of objects such thatr1of them are equal to 1 andr2(the others) of them are equal to 2, in order to generalize the definitions of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives (about order0<β<n) for a fuzzy-valued function. Also, we find fuzzy Laplace transforms for Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives about the general fractional ordern-1<β<nunder H-differentiability. Some fuzzy fractional initial value problems (FFIVPs) are solved using the above two generalizations.
40
Chen, Xianyi, Haidong Zhong, Lizhi Xiong, and Zhihua Xia. "Improved Encrypted-Signals-Based Reversible Data Hiding Using Code Division Multiplexing and Value Expansion." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1326235.
Full textAbstract:
Compared to the encrypted-image-based reversible data hiding (EIRDH) method, the encrypted-signals-based reversible data hiding (ESRDH) technique is a novel way to achieve a greater embedding rate and better quality of the decrypted signals. Motivated by ESRDH using signal energy transfer, we propose an improved ESRDH method using code division multiplexing and value expansion. At the beginning, each pixel of the original image is divided into several parts containing a little signal and multiple equal signals. Next, all signals are encrypted by Paillier encryption. And then a large number of secret bits are embedded into the encrypted signals using code division multiplexing and value expansion. Since the sum of elements in any spreading sequence is equal to 0, lossless quality of directly decrypted signals can be achieved using code division multiplexing on the encrypted equal signals. Although the visual quality is reduced, high-capacity data hiding can be accomplished by conducting value expansion on the encrypted little signal. The experimental results show that our method is better than other methods in terms of the embedding rate and average PSNR.
41
Hartvigsen, David. "The Action Gambler and Equal-Sized Wagering." Journal of Applied Probability 46, no. 01 (March 2009): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200005210.
Full textAbstract:
A gambler with an initial bankroll is faced with a finite sequence of identical and independent bets. For each bet, he may wager up to his current bankroll, and will win this amount with probability p or lose it with probability 1-p. His problem is to devise a wagering strategy that will maximize his final expected utility with the side condition that the total amount wagered (i.e. the total ‘action’) be at least his initial bankroll. Our main result is an expression that characterizes when the strategy of placing equal-sized wagers on all bets is optimal. In particular, for a given bankroll B, utility function f (concave, increasing, differentiable), and n bets, we show that it is optimal to wager b/n on each bet if and only if the probability of winning each bet is less than or equal to some value p ⋆∈[½,1] (where p ⋆ is an explicit function of B, f, and n). We prove the result by using a basic nonlinear programming technique.
42
Hartvigsen, David. "The Action Gambler and Equal-Sized Wagering." Journal of Applied Probability 46, no. 1 (March 2009): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1238592115.
Full textAbstract:
A gambler with an initial bankroll is faced with a finite sequence of identical and independent bets. For each bet, he may wager up to his current bankroll, and will win this amount with probability p or lose it with probability 1-p. His problem is to devise a wagering strategy that will maximize his final expected utility with the side condition that the total amount wagered (i.e. the total ‘action’) be at least his initial bankroll. Our main result is an expression that characterizes when the strategy of placing equal-sized wagers on all bets is optimal. In particular, for a given bankroll B, utility function f (concave, increasing, differentiable), and n bets, we show that it is optimal to wager b/n on each bet if and only if the probability of winning each bet is less than or equal to some value p⋆∈[½,1] (where p⋆ is an explicit function of B, f, and n). We prove the result by using a basic nonlinear programming technique.
43
Weiner, Debra K., Thomas E. Rudy, and Swati Gaur. "Are all Older Adults with Persistent Pain Created Equal? Preliminary Evidence for a Multiaxial Taxonomy." Pain Research and Management 6, no. 3 (2001): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/602345.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Persistent pain is grossly undertreated in older adult sufferers, despite its high prevalence in this age group. Because of its multidimensional impacts, including depression, sleep disruption and physical disability, patients with persistent pain often benefit from interdisciplinary pain clinic treatment. This treatment is expensive, however, and may not be required by all patients. The Multiaxial Assessment of Pain (MAP) has demonstrated value in predicting response to treatment in younger adults with persistent pain.OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility of a MAP taxonomy for community-dwelling adults age 65 years or older.PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURES: One hundred eight subjects with persistent pain (mean age 73.8 years, SD=8.4 years) were interviewed and data collected on demographics, pain intensity, depressive symptoms, sleep disruption, pain interference with performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living, frequency of engagement in advanced activities of daily living, cognitive function and comorbidity. A subset of these subjects underwent physical capacities testing, including maximal isometric lift strength, dynamic lifting endurance, timed chair rise and balance.RESULTS: Analyses derived three primary clusters of patients. Cluster 1 (24%) reported less intense pain, less depression and sleep disruption, and higher activity levels. Cluster 3 (30%) suffered from more pain and were more functionally disabled. Cluster 2 (46%) had characteristics of cluster 1 and cluster 3, but with some characteristics that were clearly unique.CONCLUSIONS: While these results are preliminary and require further validation, they indicate that older adults are heterogeneous in their response to persistent pain. Future studies should be performed to examine whether the MAP taxonomy is applicable to older adults regardless of medical diagnosis. Ultimately, this information may have meaning with regard to both treatment prescribing, and the design and interpretation of intervention studies.
44
Anisa, Rahma, Bagus Sartono, Pika Silvianti, Aam Alamudi, and Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications IJSA. "CONSTRUCTING EARTHQUAKE DISASTER-EXPOSURE LIKELIHOOD INDEX USING SHAPLEY-VALUE REGRESSION APPROACH." Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v3i1.198.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia is very prone to earthquake disaster because it is located in the Pacific ring of fire. Therefore, a reference level of earthquake disaster exposure likelihood events in Indonesia is needed in order to increase people's awareness about the risks. This study aims to determine the index that describes the risk of possible future earthquake disaster. As initial research, this study is focus on earthquake disasters in Java region, as it has the largest population in Indonesia. Several indicators that are related to the severity of earthquake disaster impact, were used in this study. The weights of each indicators were determined by considering its shapley-value, thus all indicators gave equal contribution to the proposed index. The results showed that shapley-value approach can be utilized to construct index with equal contribution of each indicators. In general, the resulted index had similar pattern with the number of damaged houses in each districts.
45
Zhang, Rui, and Liping Weng. "Not all cultural values are created equal: Cultural change in China reexamined through Google books." International Journal of Psychology 54, no. 1 (June 20, 2017): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12436.
Full text
46
Browner, W. S. "Are all significant P values created equal? The analogy between diagnostic tests and clinical research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 257, no. 18 (May 8, 1987): 2459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.257.18.2459.
Full text
47
Palermo, M., V. Gökmen, B. De Meulenaer, Z. Ciesarová, Y. Zhang, F. Pedreschi, and V. Fogliano. "Acrylamide mitigation strategies: critical appraisal of the FoodDrinkEurope toolbox." Food & Function 7, no. 6 (2016): 2516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00655d.
Full text
48
Davis, Susan A. "“A Circular Council of People With Equal Ideas”." Journal of Music Teacher Education 26, no. 2 (July 24, 2016): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057083716631387.
Full textAbstract:
Mentoring in music education programs is such a ubiquitous part of the process; it is sometimes overlooked or subsumed under other categories. The purpose of this article is to highlight mentoring relationships within an undergraduate music teacher education program. Formal, informal, vertical, and horizontal mentoring are examined from the perspectives of undergraduate preservice music teachers working in a community-university partnership. The data are culled from a 14 month, intrinsic case study of the University of South Carolina String Project, designed to examine the participant experience for all member groups within the string project—the undergraduate preservice teachers, the community students, and the faculty. Mentoring relationships are explored as a critical component of experience for the preservice teachers. Their voices are presented here to illustrate the value they placed on mentoring, as well as the challenges that emerged in construction of a mentoring mosaic as part of their preservice teaching experience.
49
Li, Yan Ru, Hai Bo Jiang, and Ze Bao Kan. "The Equal Projection Model and Application of Short Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.959.
Full textAbstract:
In order to determine the fiber direction distribution statistical characteristic of short fiber reinforced concrete, this paper put forward the equal projection model. According to the isotropic assumption of large volume of short-fiber reinforced concrete, in the three-dimensional coordinate system, when the concrete loads along all coordinate axes are equal, it is believed that a representative short fiber projection components in all axes are equal. According to the deduction, the cosine of the angle of the representative fiber and the force direction is equal to the reciprocal value of the square root of 3. On this basis, as an application example, the formula for the prediction of fiber reinforced concrete elastic modulus was deduced. The formula shows that the elastic modulus of short fiber reinforced concrete is equal to the sum of 1/3 of the elastic modulus of long fiber concrete in fiber length direction and 2/3 of the elastic modulus of long fiber concrete in the vertical direction.
50
Palmer, Marike, Emma T. Steenkamp, Jochen Blom, Brian P. Hedlund, and Stephanus N. Venter. "All ANIs are not created equal: implications for prokaryotic species boundaries and integration of ANIs into polyphasic taxonomy." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 2937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004124.
Full textAbstract:
In prokaryotic taxonomy, a set of criteria is commonly used to delineate species. These criteria are generally based on cohesion at the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genomic levels. One such criterion shown to have promise in the genomic era is average nucleotide identity (ANI), which provides an average measure of similarity across homologous regions shared by a pair of genomes. However, despite the popularity and relative ease of using this metric, ANI has undergone numerous refinements, with variations in genome fragmentation, homologue detection parameters and search algorithms. To test the robustness of a 95–96 % species cut-off range across all the commonly used ANI approaches, seven different methods were used to calculate ANI values for intra- and interspecies datasets representing three classes in the Proteobacteria . As a reference point, these methods were all compared to the widely used blast-based ANI (i.e. ANIb as implemented in JSpecies), and regression analyses were performed to investigate the correlation of these methods to ANIb with more than 130000 individual data points. From these analyses, it was clear that ANI methods did not provide consistent results regarding the conspecificity of isolates. Most of the methods investigated did not correlate perfectly with ANIb, particularly between 90 and 100% identity, which includes the proposed species boundary. There was also a difference in the correlation of methods for the different taxon sets. Our study thus suggests that the specific approach employed needs to be considered when ANI is used to delineate prokaryotic species. We furthermore suggest that one would first need to determine an appropriate cut-off value for a specific taxon set, based on the intraspecific diversity of that group, before conclusions on conspecificity of isolates can be made, and that the resulting species hypotheses be confirmed with analyses based on evolutionary history as part of the polyphasic approach to taxonomy.