Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equality of economic subjects

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Equality of economic subjects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Equality of economic subjects"

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Yurkov, Evgeniy. "Problematic aspects of assessing the equivalence of economic relations of food chains." Russian Journal of Management 12, no. 1 (2024): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2024-12-1-285-294.

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The article notes the methodological uncertainty of the concept of “equivalence” if it is considered in the context of price interaction between subjects of food chains. The criteria for equality of profitability do not fully reflect equivalence, since they do not take into account differences in the rate of capital turnover. The possibility of using an alternative criterion for the equality of the rate of net profit on advanced capital is being considered.
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Presnyakov, M. V. "The Constitutional Principle of Equality as a Complex Concept: Problems of the Addressee and the Degree of Implementation." Lex Russica 78, no. 2 (2025): 33–41. https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2025.219.2.033-041.

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The Constitution of the Russian Federation uses concepts that are different from the legal point of view, namely: «equality before the law» and «equality of rights» The first term means equal treatment by the law, but not equal rights and obligations. And only in this case, the word «all» used in Art. 19 may have a valid meaning: a citizen, a legal entity, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and the State itself are equal since they are equal regarding legal norms applied to them, which, of course, will contain various prescriptions in relation to these subjects. Today, the issue o
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Pristai, Tatiana. "Principles of legal status of subjects of foreign economic activity." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2021.37.

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The article defines the principles of regulating the legal status of subjects of foreign economic activity. It is emphasized that the principlesof foreign economic activity should also be applied in regulating the status of subjects of foreign economic activity. Based on theratio of the principles of foreign economic activity provided by the Law on Foreign Economic Activity and the Commercial Code ofUkraine, we believe that among the principles of foreign economic activity should be enshrined: the principle of freedom of its subjects tovoluntarily enter into foreign economic relations; the pri
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Galeotti, Fabio, Maria Montero, and Anders Poulsen. "Efficiency Versus Equality in Bargaining." Journal of the European Economic Association 17, no. 6 (2018): 1941–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvy030.

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Abstract We consider how the outcome of bargaining varies with changes in the trade-off between equality, efficiency, and total-earnings maximization. We observe that subjects avoid an equal-earning outcome if it is Pareto inefficient; a large proportion of bargaining pairs avoids an equal and Pareto efficient outcome in favor of one giving unequal and total-earnings maximizing payoffs, and this proportion increases when unequal outcomes imply larger earnings to one of the players, even though this also implies higher inequality; finally, we document a compromise effect that violates the indep
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Castellucci, Héctor, Carlos Viviani, Giorgio Boccardo, et al. "Gender inequality and sexual height dimorphism in Chile." Journal of Biosocial Science 53, no. 1 (2020): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000890.

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AbstractChile has experienced significant improvements in its economy; thus, a secular trend in height has been observed in its population. Gender equality has also improved hand in hand with active policies addressing the gender gap in several dimensions (work, education, health) and overall economic improvement. This study examined changes in sexual height dimorphism in four samples of Chilean male and female working-age subjects and attempted to establish associations with gender equality and welfare. Sexual height dimorphism was calculated and compared with gender equality and overall welf
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Kurniawan, Muh Kemal, Arifai Arifai, and Gamlan Dagani. "Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Dan Pelaku Kejahatan Berdasarkan Asas Equality Before The Law." JURNAL HUKUM PELITA 6, no. 1 (2025): 482–97. https://doi.org/10.37366/jhp.v6i1.5857.

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Victims of crime have not received adequate protection from the state, both in physical and economic aspects, including in fulfilling other needs related to their role as witnesses in the criminal justice process. This research aims to analyze the position of crime victims in the criminal justice system in Indonesia, as well as to examine the forms of legal protection for victims and perpetrators of crime based on the principle of equality before the law. The results of the research show that the position of victims in the criminal justice system is still not receiving proportional attention a
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Crescenzi-Lanna, Lucrezia, Williams Contreras-Higuera, Valerio Pieri, and Silvia Cataldi. "Promoting Gender Equality Through Cross-Disciplinary Collaborative Online International Learning Projects: The Students’ Perspective." European Journal of Educational Research me-13-2024, me-13-issue-4-october-2024 (2024): 1679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.4.1679.

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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">This article describes a methodology and a didactic innovation in higher education that employs Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) across four universities in the fields of sociology, psychology, social education and economics in order to explore the phenomenon of economic violence. The COIL activities were developed by four teachers in the second semester of 2022. The students explored the social and cultural origins of economic violence and the daily exposure to economic inequality in the domestic sphere,
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Fehr, Ernst, and Gary Charness. "Social Preferences: Fundamental Characteristics and Economic Consequences." Journal of Economic Literature 63, no. 2 (2025): 440–514. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20241391.

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We review the vast literature on social preferences by assessing what is known about their fundamental properties, their distribution in the broader population, and their consequences for important economic and political behaviors. We provide, in particular, an overview of the empirical characteristics of distributional preferences and how they are affected by merit, luck, and concerns for equality of opportunity. In addition, we discuss the evidence for reciprocity and guilt aversion and assess the empirical relevance of self-image and social image concerns in prosocial behaviors. The overall
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Ribeiro, Cléa Regina de Oliveira, and Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone Zoboli. "Poverty, bioethics and research." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 15, spe (2007): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692007000700020.

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The article presents a reflection on conception of poverty as a condition or circumstance that restricts personal autonomy and increases vulnerability. Focusing on bioethical arguments, the authors discuss two perspectives: (i) economic, that relates poverty to incapacity to work and (ii) ethical-philosophical, which relates poverty to inequality and injustice. The first perspective corresponds to the World Bank's view according to its recommendations to the political and economic adjustment in Latin America. The second one is based on concepts of fairness and equality as components of social
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O'Donnell, Christopher J., Alicia N. Rambaldi, and Howard E. Doran. "Estimating economic relationships subject to firm- and time-varying equality and inequality constraints." Journal of Applied Econometrics 16, no. 6 (2001): 709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jae.639.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equality of economic subjects"

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Lindblom, Lars. "The Employment Contract between Ethics and Economics." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11346.

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This thesis investigates what work ought to be like. The answer it presents consists of an outline of a liberaltheory of justice in the employment contract based on theory developed in the area of political philosophy. Thethesis also examines issues of efficiency—How should measures to improve working conditions be evaluated?—and the ethical implications of the economic theory of employment contracts and the neoclassical theory of themarket. Paper I: A theoretical framework is introduced for the evaluation of workplace inspections with respect totheir effects on working conditions. The choice
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Neunsinger, Silke. "Die Arbeit der Frauen – die Krise der Männer : Die Erwerbstätigkeit verheirateter Frauen in Deutschland und Schweden 1919–1939." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of History, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1301.

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<p>In 1939 a law was passed in Sweden which forbade employers to dismiss female employees because of marriage or pregnancy. In Germany a law had been introduced already in 1932, which gave employers the right to dismiss a woman when she married. It also gave women right to end their employment for the same reason. The political decisions behind these legal changes were in both cases the result of an extended debate on the right of employment of married women. This debate occurred in most industrialised European countries in the interwar period.</p><p>The increasing participation of women on th
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Veneziani, Roberto. "Economic dynamics of equality and classes." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1842/.

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This dissertation analyses the dynamics of inequality and classes, from a positive and a normative viewpoint, focusing on two distinct, but related approaches - Analytical Marxism and the theory of equality of opportunity, - which raise significant philosophical, economic, and political issues. The importance of a dynamic perspective in the analysis of normative theories is emphasised as an essential tool in the process of theoretical construction. Indeed, this dissertation analyses some important anomalies of egalitarian and Marxian theories that arise in the dynamic context and suggest to re
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Zagler, Martin, and Petra Sauer. "(In)equality in Education and Economic Development." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4078/1/wp163.pdf.

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This paper investigates the relationship between economic development and the average Level of education as well as the degree of inequality in the distribution of education, respectively. Approaching this question in a dynamic panel over 60 years and 143 countries with a system GMM estimator reveals strong support for the inclusion of an interaction term between the education Gini coeffcient and average years of schooling, indicating the existence of nonlinear effects. We contribute to the literature in providing strong evidence that more schooling is good for economic growth - irrespective
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Sauer, Petra, and Martin Zagler. "(In)equality in Education and Economic Development." Wiley, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12142.

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This paper investigates the relationship between the level and the distribution of education and economic development. We contribute to the literature by introducing an interaction term between the education Gini coefficient and average years of schooling. In a dynamic panel over 55 years and 134 countries we provide, on the one hand, strong evidence that more schooling is good for growth, but the coefficient is variable and substantially declining in the degree of inequality. The aggregate benefit to education thus depends on a country's position in the education distribution. On the oth
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Navkarov, V. "The ideal of social equality : critique of economic egalitarianism." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446290/.

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This thesis explores the implication of equality in debates about distributive justice. It is argued that equality articulates a particular mode of social relationship, namely that relationship which retains the equal moral worth of each member of a political community. One way to achieve this end is to arrange rules and procedure governing the distribution of goods and social relations in a way that ensures respect to each member of society. This particular mode of social relationship can be achieved without necessarily invoking strict equality in respect to the distribution of material goods
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Meyer, Gregory Scott. "High-tech economic development, demographic change and income equality in Indianapolis." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Proto, Pisani Andrea. "Brief notes on equality issues." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122791.

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It is necessary put aside the idea that infinite economic development is the solution to terminate inequalities that exist in the world. Should consider a new model of society, which look for specify in the reality the value of justice, the hand of principles of equality and fraternity, where man is in a world of cooperation with others.<br>Es necesario dejar de lado la idea de que el desarrollo económico infinito es la solución para dar fin a las desigualdades existentes en el mundo. Debe plantearse un nuevo modelo de sociedad, el cual busque concretar en la realidad el valor de la justicia,
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Andersson, Anette. "The Effect of Increased Gender Equality on Economic Growth in Developing Countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14385.

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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether an increase in the level of human capital and reduction of gender inequality in the labor market affect developing nation’s growth rate and welfare. The data used in this thesis cover 74 emerging and developing countries for the years of 2001 and 2007. Solow’s augmented growth model has been used to estimate how increased rates of females and males completing primary school effects economic growth in order to see what effect the Millennium Development Goal’s (MDG) target of universal primary education has on the economy. The rates of female
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Perrin, Faustine. "Gender equality and economic growth in the long-run : a cliometric analysis." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015528.

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This thesis studies the long-run relationship between gender equality and economic growth. In particular, it aims at understanding and explaining the mechanisms and determinants underpinning the development process which allowed economies to move out of a long period of stagnation into a state of sustainable economic growth. The scientific objective is to check the validity of the central hypothesis that improving equality between men and women is a key ingredient of the demographic transition and of the process of socio-economic development. Quantitative and empirical analysis of this relatio
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Books on the topic "Equality of economic subjects"

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Economic Equality Workshop (1993 Ottawa, Ont.). Economic Equality Workshop. Status of Women Canada, 1994.

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J, Slottje Daniel, ed. Research on economic equality. JAI Press, 1998.

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Canada. Status of Women Canada. and Ministers Responsible for the Status of Women (Canada), eds. Economic gender equality indicators. Status of Women Canada, 1997.

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Elsenhans, Hartmut. Equality and development. Centre for Social Studies, 1992.

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Fuchs, Victor R. Women's quest for economic equality. Harvard University Press, 1988.

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McDermott, John F. M. Individual Rights over Economic Equality. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75103-5.

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Machan, Tibor R. Equality, so badly misunderstood. Addleton Academic Publishers, 2010.

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National Economic and Social Forum. Equality proofing issues. National Economic and Social Forum, 1996.

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Sen, Amartya Kumar. On economic inequality. Clarendon Press, 1997.

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(Publishers), Peter Bell, ed. Pamphlets on economic subjects 1800-1900. Peter Bell, Bookseller & Publisher, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equality of economic subjects"

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Baker, John, Kathleen Lynch, Sara Cantillon, and Judy Walsh. "Towards Economic Equality." In Equality. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-25041-3_5.

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Baker, John, Kathleen Lynch, Sara Cantillon, and Judy Walsh. "Towards Economic Equality." In Equality. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508088_5.

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Van Lancker, Wim, and Aaron Van den Heede. "Economic Equality and the Welfare State." In Equality. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54310-5_6.

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Tan, Kok-Chor. "Global economic equality." In what is this thing called Global Justice?, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367821531-3.

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Tausch, Arno. "Using World Values Survey and European Social Survey Data on Homosexuality and Homonegativity: The Comparative Evidence from the Social Sciences." In SpringerBriefs in Political Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66202-7_3.

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AbstractIn this chapter we present some of the best known studies on the subject, based on data from the World Values Survey and the European Social Survey on Homosexuality and HomoNegativity. Because of their enormous importance in the literature of the social sciences, our presentation begins with the contribution of Ronald F. Inglehart, who stands out in the literature of world values research, and we highlight in this context his essay written in 2017 together with associates, which found that high levels of economic and physical security are conducive to a shift from material to post-mate
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Hansel, Julia, and Antonia Graf. "Subjectification, Technology, and Rationality – Sustainable Transformation of the Mobility Sector from a Governmentality Perspective." In Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe 3. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26155-8_13.

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AbstractShared mobility services play an essential role in a sustainable mobility transition and unfold among so-called smart technologies. Although this can positively affect mobility, it also poses challenges for the development of sustainable urban mobility, for example, because the smart options are not equally available to all people or are inaccessible. Issues of social or ecological inequality as well as the digital exclusion of people in the mobility sector are increasingly becoming the focus of attention. Largely unexplored in this context is how the subjects of shared mobility servic
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Jevons, H. Stanley. "Economic Reasons for Equality." In Economic Equality in the Co-Operative Commonwealth. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003368410-7.

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Larner, Wendy. "New Subjects." In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Economic Geography. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118384497.ch22.

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Njoya, Wanjiru. "Liberalism and Equality." In Economic Freedom and Social Justice. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84852-1_2.

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Wilkinson, T. M. "Incentives and Economic Calculation." In Freedom, Efficiency and Equality. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597938_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equality of economic subjects"

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García-Aranda, César, Agustin Molina-García, María del Carmen Morillo Balsera, et al. "Creativity and Innovation Skills in University STEM Education: The CHET Project Approach." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11127.

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Creativity and innovation are crucial skills to face challenges in economy, environment and social context today, especially next decade with 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by all United Nations Member States. European Higher Education System considers STEM studies play a key role to lead the global labor market and address our economic system towards more sustainability and equality model. Innovative educational projects developed at the Universidad Politécinca de Madrid have identified lack of students skills in creativity and innovation to apply challenge based-learning and
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Sidorova, Tatyana A. "DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN THE FOCUS OF MEDICAL ETHICS MODELS." In All-Russian Conference with International Participation "Education, Social Mobility, and Human Development: to the 90th Anniversary of Prof. L.G. Borisova". Novosibirsk State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1383-0-162-181.

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The interactions of the subjects of medicine, primarily a doctor and a patient, are considered in the projection of two logics: solidary and competing relations. This approach develops the critique of the dominance of the concept of patient autonomy that comes with the bioethics represented in the ethics of care by K. Dörner, A. Moll and others. The conceptual forms of competition and solidarity are identified as oppositions to power and equality, autonomy and care, individualism and interdependence of subjects of medicine, anti-paternalism and paternalism, neglect and attentiveness, the legal
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Rathnayake, Kamini. "Sri Lanka, its Laws and its Women: Feminist Jurisprudence Views Law as a Subversive Site for Women." In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/uqzf6962.

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Patriarchal laws of a country subject women to various degrees of oppression owing to socially constructed institutions. Sri Lankan women continue to struggle with socio-economic, political, and cultural issues that marginalise them, as different social structures, classes, castes, customs, religions and societal behaviours influence, control and suppress them. In this background, the Sri Lankan judicial thinking is dominated by the sameness approach to equality that ensures ‘gender neutral’ laws. And feminists argue that this ‘neutrality’, is simply a male-standard. In this explanatory invest
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Robu, Mariana. "Empowering women through reducing unpaid work." In The 8th International Conference "Management Strategies and Policies in the Contemporary Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2023.59.

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Unpaid work is recognized as a critical barrier to gender equality and women’s economic and social empowerment. Formally categorized as non-market work, unpaid work is not included in gross domestic product (GDP) calculations and remains invisible to decision- and policymakers. Social and cultural gendered norms related to unpaid care work remain stubbornly entrenched. While the ‘men as breadwinners’ and ‘women as caregivers’ model may not be universal, it is still the normative construct for gender relations in the Republic of Moldova. Similar to other countries across the world, women in the
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Gagaev, Andrey, and Pavel Gagaev. "ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE SYSTEM OF JUSTICE." In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-82-88.

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Environmental justice is a part of the system of natural, ethnic, geographic-ecological, restorative and international justice and a system of solutions in the field of global issues. Environmental justice includes compatibility, hatchability and sequence, equality, freedom, truth, responsibility of all forms of life on the planet and in space in their habitats, not claiming for the habitats of other living forms. Therefore, for example, the United States are their habitat only and nowhere else in the world, like any other nation, while the exit of ethnic groups beyond their habitats means agg
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VRABIE, Catalin. "Artificial intelligence for society and people." In Strategica. Faculty of Management - SNSPA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25019/str/2023.046.

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Artificial Intelligence has permeated virtually every aspect of contemporary life, spanning entertainment, commerce, healthcare, and the internal functioning of organizations. Platforms like Netflix, Amazon, and Google can anticipate user preferences in movies, shopping habits, and search queries. This wealth of information can be harnessed to develop detailed personal profiles that hold potential not only for behavior analysis and targeted marketing but also for predicting economic patterns, political shifts, and public attitudes toward various subjects. There is a growing optimism that AI ma
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Timčić, Ana. "SLOBODA UGOVARANjA I NAKNADA ZA USLUGU OBRADE KREDITA U PRAVNOM PROMETU REPUBLIKE SRBIJE." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.229t.

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Freedom of contracting assumes the economic and social equity of the contracting parties. Since absolute equality does not exist and most contracts of modern legal transactions are concluded on the basis of the general conditions of business of one of the contracting parties and/or as an adhesion agreement, "intervention" of the legislator is necessary in order to provide adequate legal protection for economically inequitable entities. The above stated aim is most often sought by the legislator to achieve by adopting imperative legal regulations which precisely limit the autonomy of the will o
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"GENDER EQUALITY: ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR THE STATE." In Demographic drivers of population adaptation to global socio-economic challenges. Institute of Economics of the Ural Brach of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2023-7-7.

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CIOCHINA, ELENA. "ECONOMIC GENDER EQUALITY IN MOLDOVA: LEGAL CHALLENGES." In COMPETITIVENESS AND INNOVATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY. Editura ASE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24818/cike2024.55.

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Economic gender equality is a pivotal issue in the Republic of Moldova, where significant disparities continue to exist between men and women in terms of income, employment opportunities, and access to resources. This abstract addresses the legal frameworks and policies currently in place in Moldova aimed at promoting gender equality in the economic sphere. The study explores the effectiveness of these laws, highlighting both successes and areas of persistent inequity. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data analysis of gender disparities in economic indicator
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Abe, Reika, Kimi Ueda, Hirotake Ishii, and Hiroshi Shimoda. "Design of a programming workshop to update gender bias in engineering among adults." In 13th International Conference on Human Interaction & Emerging Technologies: Artificial Intelligence & Future Applications. AHFE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005944.

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One of the SDGs where progress has been notably slow in Japan is "Achieving Gender Equality" [1]. In this context, a 2021 survey by OECD [2] pointed out that the percentage of female tertiary entrants into the fields of engineering, manufacturing, and construction in Japan was 16%, the lowest among OECD countries. A survey conducted in Japan also revealed that mechanical engineering and computer science are often perceived as unsuitable occupations for women [3]. One proposed initiative to tackle this issue is encouraging female teenage students to participate in programming workshops. So far,
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Reports on the topic "Equality of economic subjects"

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Quak, Evert-jan, and Berni Smith. Gender and Tax: Gender Equality Meets Economic Growth. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.028.

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Women’s equal participation in an economy means they pay and benefit from fair taxes. Given that gender issues affect every aspect of tax systems, policies and administrations must identify and challenge bias against women. Governments in lowand middle-income countries need support to reform tax policies and restructure tax administrations; not only to tackle gender issues in tax systems, but to use the those systems to promote gender equality.
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Enfield, Sue. Promoting Gender Equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.063.

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This helpdesk report synthesises evidence on the drivers and opportunities for promoting gender equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood region. Although equality between women and men is enshrined in the constitutions and legal systems of all Eastern Neighbourhood countries, and all countries have ratified most of the important international conventions in this area without reservations; women are still subject to social discrimination. Discriminatory laws, social norms, and practices rooted in patriarchal systems inherited from the Soviet era have negative consequences and act as drags upon gen
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Degan, Arianna, Yushen Li, and Huan Xie. Favor Exchange with Private Costs: An Experiment. CIRANO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/umqe9557.

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We conduct an experiment on a two-player infinitely repeated favor exchange game. In the stage game, each player must decide whether to provide a favor to the other player. A favor generates a fixed benefit for the recipient and a cost for the provider, which can be either low or high. We study the situation where this cost is private information, and it is efficient to provide a favor only when the cost is low. We address two general questions: To which extent subjects exchange favors in ways that are payoff enhancing, given that private information hinders exchanging favors efficiently? Whic
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Battakhov, Petr Petrovich. FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE ARCTIC AS PARTICIPANTS IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. DOI CODE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2023.229.

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Khoifin, Kiki, and Dzakiyy Hadiyan Achyar. magining an Inclusive Economy: The Role of SMEs and Digital Payment in Elevating Economic Equality. Asian Development Bank Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/oprx8346.

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Costantini, Anastasia, and Alessia Sebillo. Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Social Economy Enterprises. CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.wp202202.

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Women remain underrepresented in the labour market. In the EU, they earn 14,1% less than men, and they still experience barriers to access and remain at the labour market (Eurostat, 2021a). Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the gender dimension of social and economic inequalities, producing a severe gender impact and the risk of economic marginalisation of women. Why do we expect the social and solidarity economy to improve gender equality at work? Therefore, the paper will discuss the potential and limits of the SEEs in promoting gender equality and women's empowerment. The ana
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Khalfan, Ashfaq, Astrid Nilsson Lewis, Carlos Aguilar, et al. Climate Equality: A planet for the 99%. Oxfam International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2023.000001.

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The world faces twin crises of climate breakdown and runaway inequality. The richest people, corporations and countries are destroying the world with their huge carbon emissions. Meanwhile, people living in poverty, those experiencing marginalization, and countries in the Global South are those impacted the hardest. Women and girls, Indigenous Peoples, people living in poverty and other groups experiencing discrimination are particularly at a disadvantage. The consequences of climate breakdown are felt in all parts of the world and by most people, yet only the richest people and countries have
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Araujo, María Caridad, Samuel Berlinski, Mariano Bosch, and Verónica Frisancho. Expanding Opportunities: Policies for Gender Equality and Inclusion: Executive Summary. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013252.

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This book examines the progress and persistent challenges in achieving gender equality and LGBTQ inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite significant advances in women's education, health, and labor force participation, substantial gaps remain in areas such as economic opportunity and leadership representation, and gender-based violence remains high. The region has also witnessed a greater, though incomplete, acceptance of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. The book proposes a comprehensive policy framework structured around three pillars: foundational policies, po
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Avis, William Robert. Participation Rates in HE and TVET and Socio-economic Development. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.015.

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This rapid evidence review examines women's participation rates in Higher Education (HE) and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) across the Middle East North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia regions, alongside socio-economic development indicators. It highlights link between gender equality and sustainable development, stressing the need for equal access to education, economic resources, and political participation for women. Drawing on UNESCO and UNDP data, the review outlines global commitments and provides country-level data, categorised by income groups.
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Theodory, Maram, and Costantini Giada. Women's Participation in HE and Socio-economic Development. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.014.

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This rapid evidence review synthesises data on women's participation in higher education (HE) across Middle East North Africa (MENA), Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia, examining its impact on socio-economic development in middle- and low-income countries (MICs and LICs). Drawing on UNESCO, World Bank, and OECD sources, it underscores the positive correlation between women's HE participation and socio-economic development while addressing barriers they encounter. Case studies from Egypt, Thailand, and Kenya illustrate these impacts regionally. The review concludes by advocating for enhanc
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