Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equalization enhanced phase noise

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Equalization enhanced phase noise'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Equalization enhanced phase noise"

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Ho, Keang-Po, Alan Pak Tao Lau, and William Shieh. "Equalization-enhanced phase noise induced timing jitter." Optics Letters 36, no. 4 (February 15, 2011): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.000585.

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Keang-Po Ho and W. Shieh. "Equalization-Enhanced Phase Noise in Mode-Division Multiplexed Systems." Journal of Lightwave Technology 31, no. 13 (July 2013): 2237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2013.2264945.

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Qiu, Meng, Qunbi Zhuge, Mohammed Y. S. Sowailem, Thang M. Hoang, Mathieu Chagnon, Meng Xiang, Xingyu Zhou, Fangyuan Zhang, and David V. Plant. "Equalization-Enhanced Phase Noise in Stokes-Vector Direct Detection Systems." IEEE Photonics Journal 8, no. 6 (December 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2016.2628199.

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Kakkar, Aditya, Jaime Rodrigo Navarro, Richard Schatz, Hadrien Louchet, Xiaodan Pang, Oskars Ozolins, Gunnar Jacobsen, and Sergei Popov. "Comprehensive Study of Equalization-Enhanced Phase Noise in Coherent Optical Systems." Journal of Lightwave Technology 33, no. 23 (December 1, 2015): 4834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2015.2491363.

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Xu, Tianhua, Gunnar Jacobsen, Sergei Popov, Jie Li, Ari T. Friberg, and Yimo Zhang. "Carrier phase estimation methods in coherent transmission systems influenced by equalization enhanced phase noise." Optics Communications 293 (April 2013): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.11.090.

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Jin, Cenqin, Nikita A. Shevchenko, Zhe Li, Sergei Popov, Yunfei Chen, and Tianhua Xu. "Nonlinear Coherent Optical Systems in the Presence of Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise." Journal of Lightwave Technology 39, no. 14 (July 2021): 4646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2021.3076067.

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Arnould, Aymeric, and Amirhossein Ghazisaeidi. "Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise in Coherent Receivers: DSP-Aware Analysis and Shaped Constellations." Journal of Lightwave Technology 37, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 5282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2019.2931841.

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Lau, Alan Pak Tao, Thomas Shun Rong Shen, William Shieh, and Keang-Po Ho. "Equalization-enhanced phase noise for 100Gb/s transmission and beyond with coherent detection." Optics Express 18, no. 16 (July 29, 2010): 17239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.017239.

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Shieh, William, and Keang-Po Ho. "Equalization-enhanced phase noise for coherent-detection systems using electronic digital signal processing." Optics Express 16, no. 20 (September 19, 2008): 15718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.015718.

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Delgado Mendinueta, José, Werner Klaus, Jun Sakaguchi, Satoshi Shinada, Hideaki Furukawa, Yoshinari Awaji, and Naoya Wada. "Numerical Investigation of the Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise Penalty for M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Formats in Short-Haul Few-Mode Fiber Transmission Systems with Time-Domain Equalization." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 2182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112182.

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The equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN), caused by the interaction of the chromatic dispersion (CD) with the phase noise of the local oscillator (LO), has been extensively studied for single-mode optical communication systems. Few-mode fiber (FMF) transmission systems introduce a new channel impairment, the differential mode delay (DMD), which also creates EEPN and hence limits the maximum transmission distance of those systems. In this work, we numerically investigate the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) penalties caused by the EEPN in a 3-mode FMF transmission system at 25 GBd for quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 32-QAM and 64-QAM modulation formats when using the blind phase search (BPS) carrier phase recovery (CPR) algorithm, which has been demonstrated to be both robust and suitable for optical communication systems. Our numerical study assumes a short-span of FMF, modeled in the weakly-coupled regime, and includes two cases; the use of ideal mode-selective de/multiplexers at both ends of the FMF span (model A), and the use of ideal non-mode-selective de/multiplexers (model B). The results show that the EEPN has almost no effect in model A. However, EEPN produces a severe penalty in model B with the onset of the OSNR degradation starting for a DMD spread of the impulse response of about 100 symbols for all modulation formats investigated. The distribution ratio of the amount of phase noise between the transmitter and receiver lasers is also assessed for model B and we confirm that the degradation is mainly due to the phase noise of the LO.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equalization enhanced phase noise"

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Gaudy, Thomas. "Statistical Analysis of Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise in Coherent Fiber Optical Communications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191138.

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Coherent optical communications increase the receiver sensitivity and the total capacity. Together with high speed digital signal processing (DSP), compensation for linear transmission impairments (chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion and phase noise) can be achieved. In the past, many algorithms have been developed for this purpose: we offer an overview of those. However, in dispersion unmanaged coherent optical links, even after DSP, the received constellation remains influenced by enhanced noise commonly known as equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN). Its properties are explained in further details using statistical analysis. Statistical properties of EEPN are compared with that of additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) and pure phase noise (PN) by numerical simulations complemented with explanation of mean, variance and autocorrelation function. Finally, the possibility to use only digital post-processing for EEPN (similar to PN) is discussed and shown to be not feasible.
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Kakkar, Aditya. "Frequency Noise in Coherent Optical Systems: Impact and Mitigation Methods." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Optik och Fotonik, OFO, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207072.

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The increase in capacity demand along with the advancement in digital signal processing (DSP) have recently revived the interest in coherent optical communications and led to its commercialization. However, design and development of robust DSP algorithms for example for carrier phase recovery (CPR) becomes complex as we opt for high order modulation formats such as 16QAM and beyond. Further, electrical-domain dispersion compensation (EDC), while providing many advantages, makes the system more susceptible to laser frequency noise (FN). For instance, in coherent optical links with post-reception EDC, while the transmitter frequency noise causes only phase impairment, the local oscillator (LO) FN in these systems results in a noise enhancement in both amplitude and phase. This noise is commonly known as equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN). It results in asymmetric requirements for transmitter laser and LO laser. Further, the system design in the presence of lasers with non-white frequency noise becomes increasingly challenging for increased capacity-distance product. The main contributions of this thesis are, firstly, an experimentally validated theory of coherent optical links with lasers having general non-white frequency noise spectrum and corresponding system/laser design criteria and mitigation technique. Secondly, low complexity and high phase noise tolerant CPR for high order modulation formats. The general theory propounded in this thesis elucidates the origin of the laser frequency noise induced noise enhancement in coherent optical links with different DSP configurations. The thesis establishes the existence of multiple frequency noise regimes and shows that each regime results in different set of impairments. The influence of the impairments due to some regimes can ideally be reduced by optimizing the corresponding mitigation algorithms, while other regimes cause irretrievable impairments. Experimentally validated theoretical boundaries of these regimes and corresponding criteria applicable to system/laser design are provided. Further, an EEPN mitigation method and its two possible implementations are proposed and discussed. The thesis also demonstrates an intrinsic limitation of the conventional Blind Phase Search (BPS) algorithm due to angular quantization and provides methods to overcome it. Finally, this thesis proposes and demonstrates single stage and multi-stage carrier phase recovery algorithms for compensation of phase impairments due to the two lasers for higher order circular and square modulations. The proposed methods outperform the state of art algorithms both in performance and in complexity.

QC 20170516


European project ICONE gr. #608099
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Li, Kuangmin. "Enhanced Distance Measuring Equipment Carrier Phase." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1416581585.

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Mousa, Pasandi Mohammad. "Adaptive decision-directed channel equalization and laser phase noise induced inter-carrier-inteference mitigation for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transport systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114464.

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The explosive growth of global Internet traffic has placed tremendous strain on both op-tical networks and optical transmission systems, underscoring the need for not only high-capacity transmission links but also for flexible, reconfigurable, and adaptive networks. Re-cent progress in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology has fa-cilitated the use of digital signal processing (DSP) in optical communication systems. Blessed with the revival of coherent optical transmission systems, over the past few years, DSP-enabled, software-defined optical transmission (SDOT) systems have led the funda-mental paradigm shift from inflexible optical networks to robust, reconfigurable, plug-and-play optical networks.Recently, coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) has been intensively investigated as a promising modulation format for realizing coherent transmission systems. Although CO-OFDM has attracted significant interest in the research community, it has yet to leave a tangible impact on the commercial front due to implemen-tation shortcomings, such as excessive overhead, and susceptibility to fibre nonlinearities and frequency/phase noise.This thesis explores DSP-based solutions for CO-OFDM transmission systems, including two key original contributions. The first contribution is a novel adaptive decision-directed channel equalizer (ADDCE) that aims to reduce the required overhead in CO-OFDM transmission systems. ADDCE retrieves an estimation of the phase noise value after an initial decision making stage, by extracting and averaging the phase drift of all OFDM sub-channels, demonstrating zero-overhead phase noise compensation. Moreover, it updates the channel transfer matrix on a symbol-by-symbol basis, thus enabling a reduction in the associated overhead with pilot symbols. The second original contribution of this thesis focuses on the mitigation of the effect of the laser phase noise induced inter-carrier interfer-ence (ICI) in CO-OFDM systems. This interpolation-based ICI compensator estimates the time-domain phase noise samples using linear interpolation between the common-phase-error (CPE) estimates of consecutive OFDM symbols.The performances of the aforementioned DSP equalization schemes are numerically and experimentally studied in reduced-guard-interval dual-polarization CO-OFDM (RGI-DP-CO-OFDM) transmission systems, and are found to demonstrate superior performance over conventional equalizers (CEs). In addition, a computational complexity analysis of the pro-posed equalizers is provided, which confirms a low implementation complexity.
La croissance explosive du trafic globale sur Internet a crée une pression importante sur les réseaux optiques et les systèmes de transmission optiques; ce qui suggère le besoin de liens de transmission de haute capacité ainsi que de réseaux adaptables, reconfigurables et flexible. Les récents progrès dans les technologies de semiconducteurs métal-oxyde com-plémentaire (CMOS) ont facilité l'usage des traitements de signaux numériques (DSP) dans les systèmes de transmission optique. Grâce au retour en force du système de transmission optique cohérent ces dernières années, les systèmes de transmission optique régis par logiciel et supportés par les traitements de signaux numériques ont mené la transition fondamentale des réseaux optique inflexible vers des réseaux optique robuste, reconfigurable, prêt à brancher et utiliser.Depuis peu, le format de modulation par multiplexage fréquentiel orthogonale en optique cohérente (CO-OFDM) est profondément étudier comme format de modulation particu-lièrement prometteur pour réaliser des systèmes de transmission cohérents. Malgré le fait que les CO-OFDM aient réussi à susciter un grand intérêt dans la communauté de recherche, ils leur restent encore à avoir un impact plus tangible dans le secteur commercial. Ce non-déploiement commercial est attribué aux difficultés d'implémentations, notamment à l'information superflue excessive nécessaire et à la susceptibilité accrue aux nonlinéarités de la fibre optique et aux bruits de fréquence et de phase.Cette thèse explore certaines idées de DSP pour des systèmes de transmission CO-OFDM, incluant deux contributions originales. La première étant un égalisateur de canaux à adaptation dirigée par décision (ADDCE) qui vise à réduire l'information superflue nécessaire aux systèmes de transmission CO-OFDM. ADDCE récupère une estimation de la valeur du bruit de phase après un stage initiale de décision en extrayant et en moyennant la dérive de phase de tout les sous-canaux OFDM, ce qui démontre une compensation du bruit de phase sans information superflue. De plus, cela ajourne la matrice de transfère du canal optique symbole par symbole, offrant une réduction de l'information excédante associés avec les symboles pilotes. La seconde contribution de cette thèse se concentre sur la mitiga-tion de l'interférence inter-canaux (ICI) induite par le bruit de phase du laser dans les systèmes CO-OFDM. Ce compensateur de ICI basé sur l'interpolation estime le bruit de phase des échantillons dans le temps en utilisant une interpolation linéaire entre les estimations d'erreur de phase commune (CPE) de symboles OFDM consécutifs. Les performances des algorithmes d'égalisations appliqués en DSP mentionnés ci-haut sont étudiées en simulations et expérimentalement dans un système de transmission en CO-OFDM sur double polarisation à intervalle de garde réduite (RGI-DP-CO-OFDM), ce qui démontre une performance supérieure vis-à-vis de l'égalisateur conventionnel (CEs). Plus encore, l'analyse de la complexité des algorithmes d'égalisateurs proposées sera fournit; confirmant une implémentation à faible complexité.
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Nayak, Aravind Ratnakar. "Iterative Timing Recovery for Magnetic Recording Channels with Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5018.

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Digital communication systems invariably employ an underlying analog communication channel. At the transmitter, data is modulated to obtain an analog waveform which is input to the channel. At the receiver, the output of the channel needs to be mapped back into the discrete domain. To this effect, the continuous-time received waveform is sampled at instants chosen by the timing recovery block. Therefore, timing recovery is an essential component of digital communication systems. A widely used timing recovery method is based on a phase-locked loop (PLL), which updates its timing estimates based on a decision-directed device. Timing recovery performance is a strong function of the reliability of decisions, and hence, of the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Iteratively decodable error-control codes (ECCs) like turbo codes and LDPC codes allow operation at SNRs lower than ever before, thus exacerbating timing recovery. We propose iterative timing recovery, where the timing recovery block, the equalizer and the ECC decoder exchange information, giving the timing recovery block access to decisions that are much more reliable than the instantaneous ones. This provides significant SNR gains at a marginal complexity penalty over a conventional turbo equalizer where the equalizer and the ECC decoder exchange information. We also derive the Cramer-Rao bound, which is a lower bound on the estimation error variance of any timing estimator, and propose timing recovery methods that outperform the conventional PLL and achieve the Cramer-Rao bound in some cases. At low SNR, timing recovery suffers from cycle slips, where the receiver drops or adds one or more symbols, and consequently, almost always the ECC decoder fails to decode. Iterative timing recovery has the ability to corrects cycle slips. To reduce the number of iterations, we propose cycle slip detection and correction methods. With iterative timing recovery, the PLL with cycle slip detection and correction recovers most of the SNR loss of the conventional receiver that separates timing recovery and turbo equalization.
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Guha, Biswarup. "Surface-enhanced optomechanical disk resonators and force sensing." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC154/document.

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L'optomécanique est la science des interactions entre la lumière et les mouvements mécaniques. Ce rapport de thèse décrit des expériences réalisées avec des microdisques fabriqué dans différents résonateurs semi-conducteurs III-V: l'Arséniure de Gallium (GaAs), l'Arséniure d'Aluminium Gallium (AlGaAs) et l'Arséniure d'Indium Phosphide (InGaP). Ces matériaux sont compatibles avec les fonctionnalités de l’optoélectronique et procurent un couplage optomécanique géant. Pour améliorer les performances des résonateurs en GaAs, nous avons développé des méthodes de traitement de surface permettant de réduire la dissipation optique par un facteur dix et ainsi d'atteindre un facteur de qualité de six millions. En plus de ces études sur le GaAs, nous avons réalisés une étude comparative des interactions optomecaniques dans des microdisques d'InGaP et d'AlGaAs, et nous avons mis en évidences leurs résonances optomécaniques. Finalement, nous avons réalisé des mesures de force avec des résonateurs en GaAs, démontrant un nouveau principe de détection basé sur notre étude de leur la trajectoire dans l'espace de phase et leur bruit de phase
Optomechanics studies the interaction between light and mechanical motion. This PhD thesis reports on optomechanical experiments carried with miniature disk resonators fabricated out of distinct III-V semiconductors: Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) and Indium Gallium Phosphide (InGaP). These materials are compliant with optoelectronics functionalities and provide giant optomechanical coupling. In order to boost performances of GaAs resonators, we implemented surface control techniques and obtained a ten-fold reduction of optical dissipation, attaining a Q of six million. On top of GaAs, we performed a comparative investigation of optomechanical interactions in InGaP and AlGaAs disk resonators, and demonstrated their operation as optomechanical oscillators. Finally, we carried out optomechanical force sensing experiments with GaAs resonators, analyzing a new sensing principle in light of the phase space trajectory and phase noise of the corresponding oscillators
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Wickert, Mark, Shaheen Samad, and Bryan Butler. "AN ADAPTIVE BASEBAND EQUALIZER FOR HIGH DATA RATE BANDLIMITED CHANNELS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604050.

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ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
Many satellite payloads require wide-band channels for transmission of large amounts of data to users on the ground. These channels typically have substantial distortions, including bandlimiting distortions and high power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearities that cause substantial degradation of bit error rate performance compared to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) scenarios. An adaptive equalization algorithm has been selected as the solution to improving bit error rate performance in the presence of these channel distortions. This paper describes the design and implementation of an adaptive baseband equalizer (ABBE) utilizing the latest FPGA technology. Implementation of the design was arrived at by first constructing a high fidelity channel simulation model, which incorporates worst-case signal impairments over the entire data link. All of the modem digital signal processing functions, including multirate carrier and symbol synchronization, are modeled, in addition to the adaptive complex baseband equalizer. Different feedback and feed-forward tap combinations are considered as part of the design optimization.
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Segkos, Michail. "Advanced techniques to improve the performance of OFDM Wireless LAN." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FSegkos.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and M.S. in Applied Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Tri T. Ha, Brett H. Borden. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-109). Also available online.
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Rodrigo, Navarro Jaime. "Phase Noise Tolerant Modulation Formats and DSP Algorithms for Coherent Optical Systems." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207034.

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Coherent detection together with multilevel modulation formats has the potential to significantly increase the capacity of existing optical communication systems at no extra cost in signal bandwidth. However, these modulation formats are more susceptible to the impact of different noise sources and distortions as the distance between its constellation points in the complex plane reduces with the modulation index. In this context, digital signal processing (DSP) plays a key role as it allows compensating for the impairments occurring during signal generation, transmission and/or detection relaxing the complexity of the overall system. The transition towards pluggable optical transceivers, offers flexibility for network design/upgrade but sets strict requirements on the power consumption of the DSP thus limiting its complexity. The DSP module complexity however, scales with the modulation order and, in this scenario, low complex yet high performance DSP algorithms are highly desired. In this thesis, we mainly focus on the impact of laser phase noise arising from the transmitter and local oscillator (LO) lasers in coherent optical communication systems employing high order modulation formats. In these systems, the phase noise of the transmitting and LO lasers translate into phase noise in the received constellation impeding the proper recovery of the transmitted data. In order to increase the system phase noise tolerance, we firstly explore the possibility of re-arranging the constellation points in a circularly shaped mQAM (C-mQAM) constellation shape to exploit its inherent phase noise tolerance. Different low-complex carrier phase recovery (CPR) schemes applicable to these constellations are proposed along with a discussion on its performance and implementation complexity. Secondly, the design guidelines of high performance and low complex CPR schemes for conventional square mQAM constellations are presented. We identify the inherent limitation of the state-of-the-art blind phase search (BPS) carrier phase recovery algorithm which hinders its achievable performance and implementation complexity and present a low complex solution to overcome it. The design guidelines of multi-stage CPR schemes for high order modulation formats, where the BPS algorithm is employed at any of the stages, are also provided and discussed. Finally, the interplay between the received dispersed signal and the LO phase noise is analytically investigated to characterize the origin of the equalization enhanced phase noise phenomena.

QC 20170516


EU project ICONE, gr. #608099
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Hou, Li-Jen, and 侯立人. "Micromechanical Resonator Oscillators with Enhanced Phase Noise Performance." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15942974297807664870.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equalization enhanced phase noise"

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Justin, Judith, and Vanithamani R. "Speech Enhancement Using Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 164–81. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6659-6.ch009.

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In this chapter, a speech enhancement technique is implemented using a neuro-fuzzy classifier. Noisy speech sentences from NOIZEUS and AURORA databases are taken for the study. Feature extraction is implemented through modifications in amplitude magnitude spectrograms. A four class neuro-fuzzy classifier splits the noisy speech samples into noise-only part, signal only part, more noise-less signal part, and more signal-less noise part of the time-frequency units. Appropriate weights are applied in the enhancement phase. The enhanced speech sentence is evaluated using objective measures. An analysis of the performance of the Neuro-Fuzzy 4 (NF 4) classifier is done. A comparison of the performance of the classifier with other conventional techniques is done for various noises at different noise levels. It is observed that the numerical values of the measures obtained are better when compared to the others. An overall comparison of the performance of the NF 4 classifier is done and it is inferred that NF4 outperforms the other techniques in speech enhancement.
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Viswanath, K., and R. Gunasundari. "Modified Distance Regularized Level Set Segmentation Based Analysis for Kidney Stone Detection." In Medical Imaging, 693–710. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0571-6.ch027.

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The abnormalities of the kidney can be identified by ultrasound imaging. The kidney may have structural abnormalities like kidney swelling, change in its position and appearance. Kidney abnormality may also arise due to the formation of stones, cysts, cancerous cells, congenital anomalies, blockage of urine etc. For surgical operations it is very important to identify the exact and accurate location of stone in the kidney. The ultrasound images are of low contrast and contain speckle noise. This makes the detection of kidney abnormalities rather challenging task. Thus preprocessing of ultrasound images is carried out to remove speckle noise. In preprocessing, first image restoration is done to reduce speckle noise then it is applied to Gabor filter for smoothening. Next the resultant image is enhanced using histogram equalization. The preprocessed ultrasound image is segmented using distance regularized level set segmentation (DR-LSS), since it yields better results. It uses a two-step splitting methods to iteratively solve the DR-LSS equation, first step is iterating LSS equation, and then solving the Sign distance equation. The second step is to regularize the level set function which is the obtained from first step for better stability. The DR is included for LSS for eliminating of anti-leakages on image boundary. The DR-LSS does not require any expensive re-initialization and it is very high speed of operation. The RD-LSS results are compared with distance regularized level set evolution DRLSE1, DRLSE2 and DRLSE3. Extracted region of the kidney after segmentation is applied to Symlets (Sym12), Biorthogonal (bio3.7, bio3.9 & bio4.4) and Daubechies (Db12) lifting scheme wavelet subbands to extract energy levels. These energy level gives an indication about presence of stone in that particular location which significantly vary from that of normal energy level. These energy levels are trained by Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Back Propagation (BP) ANN to identify the type of stone with an accuracy of 98.6%.
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Conference papers on the topic "Equalization enhanced phase noise"

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Popov, S., A. Kakkar, J. R. Navarro, Xiaodan Pang, O. Ozolins, R. Schatz, H. Louchet, and G. Jacobsen. "Equalization-enhanced phase noise in coherent optical communications systems." In 2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2016.7550256.

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Shieh, William, Alan Pak Tao Lau, and Keang-Po Ho. "Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise Interference in Coherent Optical Communications." In Signal Processing in Photonic Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sppcom.2010.spthb5.

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Qiu, Meng, Qunbi Zhuge, Mathieu Chagnon, and David V. Plant. "Equalization-Enhanced Phase Noise in Stokes-Vector Direct Detection Systems." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2016.th2a.35.

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Alan Pak Tao Lau, William Shieh, and Keang-Po Ho. "Equalization-Enhanced Phase Noise for 100Gb/s transmission with coherent detection." In 2009 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oecc.2009.5218562.

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Le, Son Thai, and Karsten Schuh. "Experimental Verification of Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise in Kramers-Kronig Transmissions." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2019.tu2b.2.

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Meseguer, A. C., A. Arnould, J. C. Antona, A. Ghazisaeidi, P. Plantady, S. Dubost, A. Calsat, E. Awwad, J. Renaudier, and V. Letellier. "Experimental characterization of equalization-enhanced phase noise in transoceanic transmission systems." In 45th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2019). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2019.0880.

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Zhuge, Qunbi, Benoît Châtelain, Chen Chen, and David V. Plant. "Mitigation of Equalization-Enhanced Phase Noise Using Reduced-Guard-Interval CO-OFDM." In European Conference and Exposition on Optical Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecoc.2011.th.11.b.5.

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Nguyen, Tu T., Ronald Nissel, Son T. Le, Marc Wuilpart, and Patrice Megret. "Equalization-enhanced phase noise suppression advantage of CO-FBMC over RGI CO-OFDM." In 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO/Europe) & European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8086935.

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Ding, Jiazheng, Tianhua Xu, Ziyihui Wang, Jian Zhao, and Tiegen Liu. "Digital back-propagation in optical fiber communication systems considering equalization enhanced phase noise." In Semiconductor Lasers and Applications X, edited by Ning Hua Zhu, Werner H. Hofmann, and Jian-Jun He. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2575125.

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Lau, Alan Pak Tao, William Shieh, and Keang-Po Ho. "Equalization-enhanced phase noise for 100Gb/s transmission and beyond with coherent detection." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccs.2010.5686612.

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