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San-Ru, Hao, Hou Bo-Yu, Xi Xiao-Qiang, and Yue Rui-Hong. "Accessible Information for Equally-Distant Partially-Entangled Alphabet State Resource." Communications in Theoretical Physics 37, no. 2 (February 15, 2002): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/37/2/149.
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Poggianti, B. M., and G. Barbaro. "Galaxy Evolution in Distant Clusters." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 171 (1996): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900233512.
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A significant evolution has been detected in intermediate redshift clusters (z < 0.9), first by photometric studies ([1], [2]), which showed an excess of blue objects; subsequent spectroscopic studies revealed anomalies in most of the galaxies, mainly consisting of excessively strong Balmer lines. In order to explain the spectroscopic observations, bursts of star formation superimposed to the traditional scenario of galactic evolution are needed. The analysis of spectral lines and colours by means of an evolutionary synthesis model ([3]), including both the stellar contribution and the emission of the ionized gas, allows in most of the cases the determination of the time elapsed since the end of the burst and the fraction of galactic mass involved in it. In the clusters considered (AC103, AC114, AC118 at z = 0.31, [4]), the theoretical analysis demonstrates that the bursts affect substantial galactic mass fractions, typically 30 % or more. The observations can be equally well reproduced by either elliptical+burst models or by spiral+burst models in which the star formation is truncated at the end of the burst. The analysis of an UV colour such as (1550-V) is proposed as a valid method to distinguish between the two cases for Hδ strong red galaxies.
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Rueffer, Martina, and Meinhart H. Zenk. "Distant Precursors of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids and their Enzymatic Formation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 42, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1987-0402.
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The incorporation rates of labelled tyrosine, DOPA. tyramine. and dopamine have been investigated during the in vivo formation of the protoberberine alkaloid, jatrorrhizine, in callus cultures of Berberis canadensis. While tyrosine was equally well incorporated into both the isoquinoline (54%) and benzyl (46%) portions of the alkaloid, DOPA was almost exclusively (91%) transformed into the isoquinoline moiety. However, tyramine (25%) and to a lesser extent, dopamine (15%) were incorporated into the aldehyde-derived, benzylic half of the isoquinoline molecule as well. In order to investigate further the precursory roles of these compounds, select enzymes involved in tyrosine metabolism in alkaloid-producing cell cultures have been studied. The occurrence of tyrosine decarboxylase, phenolase, transaminase, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate decarboxylase, amineoxidase and methionine adenosyl transferase was demonstrated in suspension cells of Berberis. These enzymes were partially purified and a preliminary characterization was performed. In the light of these and previous data, the differential metabolism of tyrosine and DOPA in the early steps of isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis is discussed. Conclusive evidence as to the biosynthetic origin of the phenylacetaldehydes which furnish the benzylic moiety of the alkaloids is precluded by the presence of both amineoxidase and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activities in these cultures.
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Boustan, A., A. Nejati-Javaremi, M. M. Shahrbabak, and M. Saatchi. "Effect of using different number and type of records from different generations as reference population on the accuracy of genomic evaluation." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (October 10, 2013): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-068.
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Abstract. One important question about genomic evaluation is how distance between generations of individuals in reference population and selection candidates, would affect the accuracy of genomic estimated breeding value of selection candidates. There were two schemes in the present study. In first scheme, for each individual a genome consisting 30 chromosomes each with 100 equally spaced single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and in second scheme a genome consisting 3 chromosomes each with 1000 equally spaced SNPs was simulated. To generate enough linkage disequilibrium between loci, random mating for 50 generations was done in a finite population. In generation 51, population size was expanded to 250 individuals. This structure was continued until generation 55. Individuals in generation 55 were juvenile and did not have phenotypic records and were selection candidates. Heritability was assumed to be 0.3. Our results showed using information from more distant generations would decrease accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values of selection candidates but in scheme in which marker distance was 1 centimorgan, increasing generation number between reference population and selection candidates would decrease accuracy more than scheme in which marker distance was 0.1 centimorgan. According to our results using EBVs of reference population instead of phenotypic records would increase accuracy extremely.
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Demertzis, Apostolos, and Konstantinos Oikonomou. "Braided Routing Technique to Balance Traffic Load in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Monitoring and Surveillance Technologies Research 4, no. 4 (October 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmstr.2016100101.
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Many-to-one wireless sensor networks suffer from an extreme variation of traffic load between nodes. Sensor nodes near the sink consume much more energy than distant ones, resulting in the energy hole problem (global variation of load). In addition, even nodes located at the same distance from the sink experience very different traffic load with each other (local variation). This uneven distribution of traffic load, both globally and locally, results in a severe shortening of the time until first node runs out of battery. This work focuses on balancing the load of equally-distant nodes from the sink by sharing each one's load among its next-hop neighbors. Eventually, packets are travelling from node to sink by following interlaced paths. The proposed routing mechanism, called braided routing, is a simple one and can be applied over any cost-based routing, incurring a negligible overhead. Simulation results show that the local variance of load is reduced nearly 20-60% on average while the time until first death can be prolonged more than twice in many cases and the lifetime about 15%.
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Shaw, J. Margaret. "Coming of age in the Antipodes." Art Libraries Journal 22, no. 3 (1997): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200010476.
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Since the inception of ARLIS/ANZ, Australia and New Zealand have increasingly seen themselves as part of the Asia-Pacific region rather than as a distant outpost of Britain. The impact of post-War European immigrants from countries other than Britain has been felt and immigration from the Asia-Pacific region is now equally important. These developments have contributed to a confident, diverse culture, within which indigenous art has gained greater recognition. Art librarians are benefiting from worldwide electronic communications which have equally helped overcome the ‘tyranny of distance’ within the region itself. Thus, ARLISANZ-L now complements ARLIS/ANZ News. Because of the vast distance between members, ARLIS/ANZ bases its entire central executive within a single local chapter for two years at a time. Local chapters are flourishing, most particularly around major centres. Dispersal of members is also overcome by the all-important annual conferences and workshops. Like other ARLIS groups, ARLIS/ANZ engages in advocacy on behalf of art libraries and art librarians. A major concern for ARLIS/ANZ remains the documentation of the art of Australia and New Zealand both as a result of scholarship and publishing from within the region, and in major international bibliographies and indexes.
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Ochs, Christoph. "God’s self-distancing: what a global pandemic might teach us about God." Theology 123, no. 5 (September 2020): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x20944580.
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As a global pandemic is compelling a majority of the world population to physically distance themselves from one another – essentially out of love for fellow humans – we are given a unique lens to explore that a God of love (1 John 4.8, 16) equally keeps himself distant from humanity in certain regards. God distances himself because he loves. Jüngel, Moltmann and others have argued for God’s self-limitation before creation because of his love; it is therefore worthwhile reflecting if this divine self-contraction (or Zimzum) is not analogous to a kind of self-distancing of God from his creation. This then might offer additional insights to understand God’s seeming absence in creation – which likewise might be motivated by God’s love.
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Rajkumar, K. Varada, Adimulam Yesubabu, and K. Subrahmanyam. "Fuzzy clustering and fuzzy c-means partition cluster analysis and validation studies on a subset of citescore dataset." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2760-2770.
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A hard partition clustering algorithm assigns equally distant points to one of the clusters, where each datum has the probability to appear in simultaneous assignment to further clusters. The fuzzy cluster analysis assigns membership coefficients of data points which are equidistant between two clusters so the information directs have a place toward in excess of one cluster in the meantime. For a subset of CiteScore dataset, fuzzy clustering (fanny) and fuzzy c-means (fcm) algorithms were implemented to study the data points that lie equally distant from each other. Before analysis, clusterability of the dataset was evaluated with Hopkins statistic which resulted in 0.4371, a value < 0.5, indicating that the data is highly clusterable. The optimal clusters were determined using NbClust package, where it is evidenced that 9 various indices proposed 3 cluster solutions as best clusters. Further, appropriate value of fuzziness parameter <em>m</em> was evaluated to determine the distribution of membership values with variation in <em>m</em> from 1 to 2. Coefficient of variation (CV), also known as relative variability was evaluated to study the spread of data. The time complexity of fuzzy clustering (fanny) and fuzzy c-means algorithms were evaluated by keeping data points constant and varying number of clusters.
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Ross, Michael, and Anne E. Wilson. "Autobiographical Memory and Conceptions of Self." Current Directions in Psychological Science 12, no. 2 (April 2003): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.01228.
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We examine links between self-assessment and autobiographical memory. People generally view themselves as improving over time, relative to their peers. We suggest that this sense of improvement is sometimes illusory, and motivated by the desire to enhance the current self. Our research focuses on people's subjective feeling of temporal distance between an earlier period and the present, a feeling that is only modestly associated with actual time. Research participants praise or criticize the same former self, depending on how far away it feels. An equally distant episode feels close or remote, depending on whether it has favorable or damaging implications for evaluations of the current self. The identical achievement boosts evaluations of the current self or has little impact, depending on how far away it feels. The same failure does or does not harm appraisals of the current self, depending on how far away it feels.
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Dhakar, Ashok K., Sunil Dogra, Keshavamurthy Vinay, Rishu Sarangal, Amrinder J. Kanwar, and Mini P. Singh. "Intralesional Mycobacterium w Vaccine Versus Cryotherapy in Treatment of Refractory Extragenital Warts." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1203475415616962.
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Background: Initial reports of immunotherapy using intralesional Mycobacterium w (Mw) vaccine have documented its useful role in treatment of genital and extragenital warts. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional Mw vaccine versus cryotherapy in the treatment of refractory extragenital warts. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative study of 66 patients. The outcome was assessed in terms of complete clearance of warts and change in Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score. Results: Complete clearance of treated warts was seen in 66.7% (20/30) and 65.5% (19/29) of patients in the Mw and cryotherapy groups, respectively ( P = .769). Clearance of distant warts was significantly ( P = .004) high in the Mw group. Improvement in DLQI was greater in the Mw group. Both treatment modalities were well tolerated, and no major side effects occurred. Conclusions: Mw vaccine and cryotherapy are equally efficacious in treatment of refractory extragenital warts. Mw vaccine has an added advantage of clearance of distant warts.
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Lacy, Dean, and Emerson M. S. Niou. "Information and Heterogeneity in Issue Voting: Evidence from the 2008 Presidential Election in Taiwan." Journal of East Asian Studies 12, no. 1 (April 2012): 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800007645.
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A voter's capacity to acquire and retain information moderates the relationship between issues and the vote. Issues differ in their distance from the voter's personal experience. Proximate issues, such as personal economic conditions, affect the vote decisions of highly informed and less informed voters equally. Distant issues, such as national economic conditions and foreign affairs, affect the vote of highly informed voters but not less informed voters. The 2008 presidential election on Taiwan provides a critical test of the effect of information on issue voting. Unification with mainland China versus Taiwan independence is the most important issue in the 2008 election, and voters with higher levels of political information show a larger effect of the issue on their vote. The national economy is also a significant predictor of vote choice, but only for highly informed voters. Personal economic conditions and other proximate issues are not significant predictors of the vote at any information level.
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Ross, Ashley, Benjamin Benzon, Stephanie Glavaris, Brian Simons, Robert Hughes, Patrick Mullane, Rebecca Miller, et al. "Effect of local therapy on the systemic anti-tumor response in prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.243.
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243 Background: The genomic complexities and adaptability of aggressive cancer implies that it may only be eradicated by equally adaptable systems. Immune checkpoint blockade (such as that targeting PD−1 or CTLA−4) has shown dramatic and durable efficacy in immunogenic malignancies, but little or no benefit in less immunogenic cancers such as prostate cancer. Here we use a mouse model of prostate cancer to investigate whether local therapy can mount or augment an immune response to distant tumors. Methods: Immuno−competent FVB mice were bilaterally implanted with Myc−CAP cells to form isogenic grafts. Two weeks after tumor introduction, ablative therapies including radiation (stereotactically as a single 10 Gy fraction), cryoablation (two freeze−thaw cycles of less than −40 degree Celsius), whole tumor cauterization, or excision were applied to the larger graft in the presence of checkpoint blockade (intra−peritoneal anti−CTLA−4 or anti−PD1) or control injection (hamster anti−mouse IgG). Tumor sizes and mouse survival was recorded as was lymphocytic infiltrates which were characterized histologically and by flow cytometry. Results: Ablative therapies of cautery or cryoablation, but not excision or radiation caused a statistically significant delay in the growth of distant untreated tumors (P < 0.05 for both). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated concurrent increases in the CD8+IFNgamma+ T cell population in the lymph nodes draining the untreated distant tumor. Flow also demonstrated an increase in CD4+FoxP3+ cells (P < 0.05 for each). Low dose anti−CTLA−4 therapy (1mg/kg) synergized with all local therapies to greatly increase survival and delay distant untreated tumor growth. This corresponded to an increase in activated T cells within distant tumors. Anti−PD−1 therapy did not synergize with local therapies. Conclusions: Some ablative local therapies (cautery, cryoablation) alone may incite an immune response in distant tumors. Checkpoint inhibition with low dose CTLA−4 blockade synergizes with all local therapies to incite a systemic anti−tumor response. PD−1 blockade has minimal effectiveness when combined with local therapies and may require combinatorial drug use for effectiveness in prostate cancer.
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Yuan, Yujin, Liyuan Liu, Siliang Tang, Zhongfei Zhang, Yueting Zhuang, Shiliang Pu, Fei Wu, and Xiang Ren. "Cross-Relation Cross-Bag Attention for Distantly-Supervised Relation Extraction." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301419.
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Distant supervision leverages knowledge bases to automatically label instances, thus allowing us to train relation extractor without human annotations. However, the generated training data typically contain massive noise, and may result in poor performances with the vanilla supervised learning. In this paper, we propose to conduct multi-instance learning with a novel Cross-relation Cross-bag Selective Attention (C2SA), which leads to noise-robust training for distant supervised relation extractor. Specifically, we employ the sentence-level selective attention to reduce the effect of noisy or mismatched sentences, while the correlation among relations were captured to improve the quality of attention weights. Moreover, instead of treating all entity-pairs equally, we try to pay more attention to entity-pairs with a higher quality. Similarly, we adopt the selective attention mechanism to achieve this goal. Experiments with two types of relation extractor demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over the state-of-the-art, while further ablation studies verify our intuitions and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed two techniques.
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Horoiwa, Mizuki, Ixchel F. Mandagi, Nobu Sutra, Javier Montenegro, Fadly Y. Tantu, Kawilarang W. A. Masengi, Atsushi J. Nagano, Junko Kusumi, Nina Yasuda, and Kazunori Yamahira. "Mitochondrial introgression by ancient admixture between two distant lacustrine fishes in Sulawesi Island." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0245316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245316.
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Sulawesi, an island located in a biogeographical transition zone between Indomalaya and Australasia, is famous for its high levels of endemism. Ricefishes (family Adrianichthyidae) are an example of taxa that have uniquely diversified on this island. It was demonstrated that habitat fragmentation due to the Pliocene juxtaposition among tectonic subdivisions of this island was the primary factor that promoted their divergence; however, it is also equally probable that habitat fusions and resultant admixtures between phylogenetically distant species may have frequently occurred. Previous studies revealed that some individuals of Oryzias sarasinorum endemic to a tectonic lake in central Sulawesi have mitochondrial haplotypes that are similar to the haplotypes of O. eversi, which is a phylogenetically related but geologically distant (ca. 190 km apart) adrianichthyid endemic to a small fountain. In this study, we tested if this reflects ancient admixture of O. eversi and O. sarasinorum. Population genomic analyses of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that O. eversi and O. sarasinorum are substantially reproductively isolated from each other. Comparison of demographic models revealed that the models assuming ancient admixture from O. eversi to O. sarasinorum was more supported than the models assuming no admixture; this supported the idea that the O. eversi-like mitochondrial haplotype in O. sarasinorum was introgressed from O. eversi. This study is the first to demonstrate ancient admixture of lacustrine or pond organisms in Sulawesi beyond 100 km. The complex geological history of this island enabled such island-wide admixture of lacustrine organisms, which usually experience limited migration.
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Ayllon, J., E. Banu, F. Leviel, P. Houillier, J. Medioni, E. Barrascout, S. Oudard, and G. Maruani. "Bone markers in prostate cancer (PC) patients: Biologic criteria to identify patients at risk of developing distant metastases." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e16069-e16069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e16069.
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e16069 Background: Currently, there are no specific serum and/or urinary bone markers able to accurately identify PC patients with hormone-refractory disease and/or those with distant metastases. Methods: Four categories of PC patients were defined as follows: A. hormone-sensitive without distant metastases; B. hormone-sensitive with metastases; C. hormone-refractory without metastases; D. hormone-refractory with metastases. The serum bone markers investigated were osteogenesis-related [Osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP)], osteolysis-related [beta collagen 1 carboxyterminal peptide (βCTX), carboxyterminal telopeptide type 1 collagen (1CTP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)] or osteoclastogenesis-related [osteoprotegerin (OPG)]. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and the Area Under these curves were used to estimate the overall accuracy of each marker in discriminating between the four categories (A vs. BCD; B vs. ACD; C vs. ABD and D vs. ABC) with no adjustment for multiplicity. Parametric (Student's t-test) and non-parametric (Kruskal- Wallis) tests were conducted too. All statistical analyses were performed by means of SPSS v 16 (SPSS Inc). Results: Data were from 40 consecutive PC patients treated at the Georges Pompidou European Hospital in Paris, France and who were equally distributed between categories. Hormone-refractory patients with distant metastases were accurately identified by P1NP, 1CTP and TRAP. The respective areas under the ROC values were 0.76, 0.84 and 0.79 (all Pvalues less than 0.01). None of the markers identified category B of patients. Conclusions: Some bone-related serum markers may be associated with the onset of hormone-refractory status and distant metastases. They should be prospectively validated in a larger cohort of patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Lemzyakova, Olga. "Types of refractive errors and methods for their diagnosis." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2007-04.
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Refraction of the eye means its ability to bend (refract) light in its own optical system. In a normal state, which is called emmetropia, light rays passing through the optical system of the eye focus on the retina, from where the impulse is transmitted to the visual cortex of the brain and is analyzed there. A person sees equally well both in the distance and near in this situation. However, very often, refractive errors develop as a result of various types of influences. Myopia, or short-sightedness, occurs when the light rays are focused in front of the retina as a result of passing through the optical system of the eye. In this case, a person will clearly distinguish close objects and have difficulties in seeing distant objects. On the opposite side is development of farsightedness (hypermetropia), in which the focusing of light rays occurs behind the retina — such a person sees distant objects clearly, but outlines of closer objects are out of focus. Near vision impairment in old age is a natural process called presbyopia, it develops due to the lens thickening. Both myopia and hypermetropia can have different degrees of severity. The variant, when different refractive errors are observed in different eyes, is called anisometropia. In the same case, if different types of refraction are observed in the same eye, it is astigmatism, and most often it is a congenital pathology. Almost all of the above mentioned refractive errors require correction with spectacles or use of contact lenses. Recently, people are increasingly resorting to the methods of surgical vision correction.
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Choi, Jungsil, Dorcia E. Bolton, and Marija Grishin. "The moderating effect of temporal distance on partitioned vs combined pricing." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2017-2243.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore how temporal distance influences the evaluation of partitioned pricing. Design/methodology/approach The effect of temporal distance on the effectiveness of partitioned pricing is tested using data collected through experiments in the USA. Findings Study 1 reveals that people perceive partitioned pricing as more attractive than combined pricing, but only for a distant event. Study 2 reveals that individuals predisposed to global information processing perceive partitioned pricing as more attractive than combined pricing. However, for individuals who commonly engage in local processing, combined pricing was equally attractive as partitioned pricing. In Study 3, the authors examine a boundary condition and find that the joint effect of temporal distance and partitioned pricing is attenuated when the purchase is made for a gift in which consumers are assumed to pay less attention to a surcharge. In Study 4, the authors examine how partitioned pricing influences a consumer’s choice in terms of temporal distance. Practical implications The findings provide practical guidelines to business leaders looking for practical guidelines for pricing policy decisions. Originality/value Previous research shows that partitioned pricing is more effective in increasing consumers’ purchase intention and demand than combined pricing. In the present research, the authors introduce temporal distance as an important moderator that affects the effectiveness of partitioned pricing.
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Pan, Yue, Daqi Chen, Taobo Hu, Guohua Lv, and Zhehao Dai. "Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Patients With Osteosarcoma Older Than 60 Years From the SEER Database." Cancer Control 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 107327481988889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274819888893.
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Osteosarcoma is predominant in the adolescent and the elderly population, but few studies have described the characteristics and prognostic factors of patients older than 60 years. In this study, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry database was used to identify all patients diagnosed with primary osteosarcoma from 1973 to 2014. We utilized Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to evaluate the association between patient overall survival and relevant characteristics, including gender, race, disease stage, treatment methods, primary tumor site, differentiation grade, and histologic subtype. In the data set, a total of 1139 patients with osteosarcoma older than 60 years old were identified. The overall rate of distant metastatic cases was 28.6%. Osteosarcoma occurred equally in men and women (49.5% vs 50.5%). Of all, 41.3% of tumors were located in axial location (pelvis, spine, and ribs), 34.1% of tumors were located in extremity (long or short bones of the upper or lower extremity), and 24.6% in other location (mandible, skull, and other atypical locations). Male (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.201; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.056-1.366), axial location (HR = 1.342; 95% CI: 1.157-1.556), distant metastasis (HR = 2.369; 95% CI: 2.015-2.785), non-surgery perform (HR = 2.108; 95% CI: 1.814-2.451) were independent risk factors for 5-year overall survival. This study revealed distinct clinicopathological features of patients with osteosarcoma older than 60 years. Male gender, tumor in axial site, nonsurgery perform, and distant metastasis indicated worse prognosis survival. Performing surgery is still an effective and reliable treatment method for patients older than 60 years.
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Straižys, V. "Multicolour Photometric System for Investigation of the Galaxy Population." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 136 (1993): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100007363.
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AbstractMany photometric systems for classification of stars have been proposed. However, not all of them are equally suitable for investigation of distant and reddened stars without additional information from their spectra. Earlier it was shown that the Vilnius photometric system is optimum for purely photometric classification of stars in spectral types, luminosities, metallicities and peculiarity types, when interstellar reddening is present. When realized with a CCD detector, the system permits to classify stars down to 17 mag with a 1.5 m class telescope or down to 20 mag with a 4 m telescope. A possibility of realizing the system with the WF camera of the Hubble Space Telescope is investigated. The problem of unification of broad-band and medium-band photometric systems is discussed.
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Rigaud, Marcel, Patrick Filip, Philipp Lirk, Andreas Fuchs, Geza Gemes, and Quinn Hogan. "Guidance of Block Needle Insertion by Electrical Nerve Stimulation." Anesthesiology 109, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318182af0b.
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Background Little is known regarding the final needle tip location when various intensities of nerve stimulation are used to guide block needle insertion. Therefore, in control and hyperglycemic dogs, the authors examined whether lower-intensity stimulation results in injection closer to the sciatic nerve than higher-threshold stimulation. Methods During anesthesia, the sciatic nerve was approached with an insulated nerve block needle emitting either 1 mA (high-current group, n = 9) or 0.5 mA (low-current group, n = 9 in control dogs and n = 6 in hyperglycemic dogs). After positioning to obtain a distal motor response, the lowest current producing a response was identified, and ink (0.5 ml) was injected. Frozen sections of the tissue revealed whether the ink was in contact with the epineurium of the nerve, distant to it, or within it. Results In control dogs, the patterns of distribution using high-threshold (final current 0.99 +/- 0.03 mA, mean +/- SD) and low-threshold (final current 0.33 +/- 0.08 mA) stimulation equally showed ink that was in contact with the epineurium or distant to it. One needle placement in the high-threshold group resulted in intraneural injection. In hyperglycemic dogs, all needle insertions used a low-threshold technique (n = 6, final threshold 0.35 +/- 0.08 mA), and all resulted in intraneural injections. Conclusions In normal dogs, current stimulation levels in the range of 0.33-1.0 mA result in needle placement comparably close to the sciatic nerve but do not correlate with distance from the target nerve. In this experimental design, low-threshold electrical stimulation does not offer satisfactory protection against intraneural injection in the presence of hyperglycemia.
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Hansen, C., J. N. B. Shrestha, R. J. Parker, G. H. Crow, P. J. McAlpine, and J. N. Derr. "Genetic diversity among Canadienne, Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Jersey cattle of Canada based on 15 bovine microsatellite markers." Genome 45, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-063.
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The genetic diversity among Canadienne, Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Jersey cattle was estimated from relationships determined by genotyping 20 distantly related animals in each breed for 15 microsatellites located on separate chromosomes. The Canadienne, Holstein, and Jersey cattle had an average of six alleles per loci compared with five alleles for Brown Swiss. Furthermore, a number of potentially breed-specific alleles were identified. The allele size variance among breeds was similar, but varied considerably among loci. All of the loci studied were equally heterozygous, as were Brown Swiss, Canadienne, and Holstein cattle (0.680.69) whereas Jersey cattle showed lower heterozygosity (0.59). The within-breed estimates of genetic distance were greater than zero and significant. The genetic distance between Canadienne and Holstein (0.156), Brown Swiss (0.243), and Jersey (0.235) was negligible, suggesting close relationship. Concurrently, Brown Swiss and Holstein (0.211) cattle also demonstrated close relationship. In contrast, the Jersey breed was genetically distant from the Brown Swiss and Holstein cattle (0.427 and 0.320, respectively). The characterization of Canadienne cattle, as part of the genetic resource conservation effort currently underway in Canada, underscores the difficulty in scientifically establishing unique breeds. Therefore, the need to consider all relevant morphological characteristics and production performance in combination with available cultural, historical, pedigree, and molecular information becomes relevant when identifying breeds for conservation.Key words: genetic distance, microsatellites, cattle, genetic resource conservation.
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Plukker, John Theodorus, Justin Smit, Sahin Guler, Jannet Beukema, Veronique E. Mul, Johannes Burgerhof, and Geke A. Hospers. "Different recurrence pattern after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared to surgery alone in esophageal cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2013): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.4_suppl.82.
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82 Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is currently considered standard treatment in esophageal cancer patients who are eligible for surgical resection with curative intent. Objective was to evaluate the recurrence pattern after neoadjuvant CRT in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: We analyzed the results and recurrence patterns from a single center (N=152) in a propensity score matched study between patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT (N=44) and surgery alone (44 from the 108),in the period 2002-2010. Patients treated with neoadjuvant (CROSS schedule) carboplatin/paclitaxel and 41.4 Gy radiotherapy, were compared with a historical cohort of patients with curative intended surgery alone. Surgery was performed through a transthoracic approach with 2-field lymphadenectomy. Results: After matching, the baseline characteristics were equally distributed between both groups (table 1). The response to CRT was 63%, with a pathological complete response of 26%. After a median follow-up of 23 months (7-74 months), lung was the most common site of distant recurrence (16%, N=7), followed by distant lymph nodes (11%, N=5) in the neoadjuvant CRT group, whereas skeletal metastases were the most common site of distant recurrence (18%, N=8), followed by skin or soft tissue (16%, N=7) in the surgical alone group. The estimated 3 and 5 year overall survival was 62% and 55% in the neoadjuvant CRT group, compared to 37% and 31% in the surgery group (Log-rank test: P=0.018). The estimated locoregional free recurrence survival (LRFS) after 3 and 5 years was 79% and 68% in the neoadjuvant CRT group, compared to 44% and 40% in the surgery alone group (Log-rank test: P=0.049). The estimated distant recurrence free survival (DRFS) was 63% and 54% after 3 and 5 years in the neoadjuvant CRT group, compared to 50% and 35% in the surgery alone group (Log-rank test: P=0.314). Conclusions: This neoadjuvant CRT regimen significantly improved oncological outcome compared to surgery alone. An important shift in recurrence pattern was observed from relatively high locoregional recurrences (LRFS) to relatively more distant recurrences (DRFS) in the CRT group compared to the surgery alone group.
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Derryberry, Elizabeth P. "Male response to historical and geographical variation in bird song." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (August 4, 2010): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0519.
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In many species, individuals discriminate among sexual signals of conspecific populations in the contexts of mate choice and male–male competition. Differences in signals among populations (geographical variation) are in part the result of signal evolution within populations (temporal variation). Understanding the relative effect of temporal and geographical signal variation on signal salience may therefore provide insight into the evolution of behavioural discrimination. However, no study, to my knowledge, has compared behavioural response to historical signals with response to current signal variation among populations. Here, I measured the response of male white-crowned sparrows ( Zonotrichia leucophrys ) to historical songs compared with current songs from their local population, a nearby non-local population and a distant population. Males responded most strongly to current local songs, less, but equally, to historical local and current non-local songs, and least to songs of the distant population. Moreover, response to both temporal and geographical variation in song was proportional to how much songs differed acoustically from current local songs. Signal evolution on an ecological time scale appears to have an effect on signal salience comparable to differences found between current neighbouring populations, supporting the idea that behavioural discrimination among learned signals of conspecific populations can evolve relatively rapidly.
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Rowbury, Robin. "Robert Hooke, 1635–1703." Science Progress 95, no. 3 (September 2012): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685012x13454653990042.
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Robert Hooke was a polymath whose expertise during the 17th century spanned many different scientific areas. As a schoolboy on the Isle of Wight he was obsessed with the possibility of human flight and later became equally absorbed in cosmology and planetary motion. His skills as an artist were put to good use both as an architect following the Great Fire of London and before that in Micrographia. Although that book is best known for demonstrating the power of Hooke's microscope, Micrographia describes distant planetary bodies, the wave theory of light, the organic origin of fossils, and various other philosophical and scientific interests of its author. The following thumbnail sketches of Hooke reveal him to be a man of enormous energy and imagination whose ideas were often pirated or under-rated.
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Kafatos, Menas. "Limitations of Observational Cosmology." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 123 (1990): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100077642.
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AbstractUnlike the usual situation with theoretical physics which is testable in the laboratory, in cosmological theories of the universe one faces the following problems: The observer is part of the system, the universe, and this system cannot be altered to test physical theory. Even though one can in principle consider any part of the observable universe as separate from the acts of observation, the very hypothesis of big bang implies that in the distant past, space-time regions containing current observers were part of the same system. One, therefore, faces a situation where the observer has to be considered as inherently a part of the entire system. The existence of horizons of knowledge in any cosmological view of the universe is then tantamount to inherent observational limits imposed by acts of observation and theory itself. For example, in the big bang cosmology the universe becomes opaque to radiation early on, and the images of extended distant galaxies merge for redshifts, z, of the order of a few. Moreover, in order to measure the distance of a remote galaxy to test any cosmological theory, one has to disperse its light to form a spectrum which would cause confusion with other background galaxies. Since the early universe should be described in quantum terms, it follows that the same problems regarding quantum reality and the role of the observer apply to the universe as a whole. One of the most fundamental properties of quantum theory, non-locality, may then apply equally well to the universe. Some of the problems facing big bang cosmology, like the horizon and flatness problems, may not then be preconditions on theoretical models but may instead be the manifestations of the quantum nature of the universe.
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Iskandar, Ifan. "The Sociopragmatic Perspective of Typographical Features in Students’ SMS and Whatsapp Text Messages." Eralingua: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing dan Sastra 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v4i1.12451.
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This study aims to examine the typographical features of English and Indonesian languages in students’ text messages delivered to the lecturers and the sociopragmatic perspective of the features collected from respondents of diverse profession and education backgrounds. Content analysis is employed to conduct the study whose data are the typographical features identified in 1,521 students’ SMS and that of in 527 WhatsApp text messages and followed by a survey of sociopragmatic attitudes towards the features gathered from 223 respondents. The findings recognize the typographical features of emoticons, vowel deletion, letter deletion, rebus writings—letter deletion, number deletion, letter-number deletion, and images or symbols—and phonetic spelling. The features are employed in various approaches as identified in the ways letters are deleted in the initial, medial and final syllables of the words. Social factor and dimension analyses underpinning the sociopragmatic perspective of the features suggests that the students communicate with older participants in written mode about serious matters for informative function and that the students and lecturers are socially distant between subordinate to superior with high formality degree for referential function which is high information content and low affective content. This social factor and dimension implies the use of formal style which is in line with the respondents’ attitudes acknowledging the formal employment of the language in text messaging. Sociopragmatically, the typographical features are supposed to be used only when texting to the equally aged or younger participants, to the participants who are socially equal or lower with no distance, and for social communication functions or topics, not professional ones
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Harrison, Edward. "On the Physical Nature of Time." KronoScope 2, no. 1 (2002): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685240260186772.
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AbstractIt is argued that certain characteristics of time, normally ascribed to the observer, are actually properties of the natural world, and hence the natural world (physical reality) is more complex than normally supposed. Everything extends in time. Events stretch away into the recent past as recalled in our memories and recorded in daily newspapers, and into the distant past as recounted by historians, paleontologists, and geologists. Events also stretch away into the near future as anticipated in our plans and foretold by weather forecasters, and into the distant future as predicted by climatologists, geologists, and astronomers. Everything also occurs in time. Events happen either quickly or slowly. The glacier takes centuries to reach the sea and the lightning stroke zig-zags to earth faster than the eye can see. Events occupy time and also occur in time; and their occupation and occurrence in time are not the same thing. The extension of time and the transience of time are different aspects of time that in thought, language, and science remain unreconciled. Here I discuss how these two fundamental aspects of time can be reconciled and included in the physical world description. I take the view that both are equally important properties of the natural world and speculate on how the physical world picture would change by their joint incorporation. A theory of "conjugate time" is tentatively proposed.
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Evison, Matthew. "The current treatment landscape in the UK for stage III NSCLC." British Journal of Cancer 123, S1 (December 1, 2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-01069-z.
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AbstractFor stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), approximately a third of patients survive up to 5 years, with decreasing 5-year survival rates for stage IIIB and stage IIIC disease. Although curable, stage III NSCLC encompasses a diverse range of disease presentation, with an equally complex range of multi-modal treatment options, including systemic and local therapies for distant and local disease control, respectively. This complexity results in a number of challenges for the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) in achieving optimal treatment outcomes for patients. As multi-modality treatment is the preferred treatment strategy for all stage III disease, the focus of this article is the key surgical, chemotherapy and radiotherapy clinical trials as well as guidelines that currently outline radical therapy options for patients with both potentially resectable and unresectable stage III NSCLC.
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HUBER, GREGORY A., SETH J. HILL, and GABRIEL S. LENZ. "Sources of Bias in Retrospective Decision Making: Experimental Evidence on Voters’ Limitations in Controlling Incumbents." American Political Science Review 106, no. 4 (October 31, 2012): 720–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055412000391.
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Are citizens competent to assess the performance of incumbent politicians? Observational studies cast doubt on voter competence by documenting several biases in retrospective assessments of performance. However, these studies are open to alternative interpretations because of the complexity of the real world. In this article, we show that these biases in retrospective evaluations occur even in the simplified setting of experimental games. In three experiments, our participants (1) overweighted recent relative to overall incumbent performance when made aware of an election closer rather than more distant from that event, (2) allowed an unrelated lottery that affected their welfare to influence their choices, and (3) were influenced by rhetoric to give more weight to recent rather than overall incumbent performance. These biases were apparent even though we informed and incentivized respondents to weight all performance equally. Our findings point to key limitations in voters’ ability to use a retrospective decision rule.
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Tracy, Jonathan. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LUCAN'S DEIOTARUS EPISODE." Classical Quarterly 66, no. 2 (July 29, 2016): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838816000574.
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Book 8 of Lucan's Bellum Civile opens with Pompey in desperate flight from Caesar after the disaster of Pharsalus, and in equally desperate search for a reliable ally. Before the fateful decision is taken that Pompey should make for Egypt, where he will be murdered upon arrival by minions of the treacherous Ptolemy XIII, Pompey dispatches his Galatian client-tetrarch Deiotarus to sound out the distant Parthians and summon their armed hordes to wage war on his behalf (8.209-38); the king promptly embarks on his arduous errand (8.238-43), never to reappear in Lucan's text. Although Pompey is said by several historical sources to have expressed an interest in exploring the prospect of an alliance with Parthia, the mission of Deiotarus is almost certainly a complete fiction, as Duff has convincingly demonstrated. What could Lucan's motive have been for inventing this episode out of whole cloth?
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Bauer, Peter. "Ethics and Etiquette of Third World Debt." Ethics & International Affairs 1 (March 1987): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1987.tb00515.x.
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Third World debt, seen as distant from the realm of international affairs and ethics, is often subject to abstract economic analysis. Peter Bauer argues that in fact the way in which debt is addressed by debtors and lenders is heavily politicized and should be subject to ethical considerations. Many Third World countries choose to prolong debt even though they are capable of repaying it; moreover, the methods of gauging and reporting current income are spurious and subject to manipulation by countries' trade policies. The ethical questionability of some Third World practices is matched by equally questionable activity in the West. Special interest groups' agendas and banks' eyes for profits influence economic policy in favor of Third World countries, further increasing their debt. Bauer's discussion of these issues of denial and permissiveness depicts Third World debt as a political transaction that wrongly escapes ethical judgement.
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Lebl, Aleksandar, Mladen Mileusnić, and Jovan Radivojević. "Combined and comb RCIED activation messages jamming: Two different strategies with similar names." Scientific Technical Review 70, no. 1 (2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2001021l.
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The characteristics of combined and comb jamming of RCIED activation messages are presented in this paper. Combined jamming signal is formed as the sum of swept sinusoidal signal and noise signal, while comb jamming signal means that its spectrum has a number of simultaneous discrete equally distant sinusoidal components, eventually further swept. The performances of combined jamming are compared to pure sweep and pure barrage jamming. They are determined on the base of originally developed simulation program implementation. Comb jamming is analyzed based on its generation from rectangular pulse train. It is presented how the selection of ratio of pulse duration to its period and the number of frequency components in comb signal influence the obtained jamming signal characteristics. It is proved that comb jamming is especially advantageous in relation to sweep jamming when RCIED activation message duration is significantly lower than the sweep cycle period.
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Chandran, Dinu S., Simran Kaur, and Kishore Kumar Deepak. "Student perceptions on synchronous virtual versus face-to-face teaching for leader-centered and participant-centered postgraduate activities during COVID-19." Advances in Physiology Education 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00226.2020.
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Consequent to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, pedagogic changes were introduced in postgraduate courses in Physiology, where face-to-face teaching was replaced with synchronous virtual mode for leader-centered (seminar, symposium) and participant-centered (journal club, group discussion) academic activities. We hypothesized that the effectiveness of virtual and face-to-face modes as perceived by postgraduate students in terms of facilitating their overall learning may differ across the spectrum of leader-centered and participant-centered activities. To assess the same, we designed and administered a comprehensive, structured, and validated feedback questionnaire. Postgraduate students ( n = 29) rated virtual sessions significantly more convenient, but less attentive and comprehensible, and reported better audiovisual experience during face-to-face sessions. Students rated flexibility to attend, self-paced learning, ability to revise, lookup for information in real time, and accessibility to distant expertise as important features of virtual sessions and instant feedback, eye-to-eye contact, and ability to interact in the group for face-to-face sessions. Virtual and face-to-face sessions were perceived as equally effective in facilitating their overall learning for the conduct of leader-centered seminars and symposia. However, face-to-face sessions were considered more effective for the conduct of participant-centered group discussions and journal clubs. During the pandemic, students perceive the synchronous virtual mode as an equally effective alternative for the conduct of leader-centered academic activities, but face-to-face teaching is still preferred for the conduct of participant-centered academic activities.
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Voigt, Mary M., and Robert C. Henrickson. "Formation of the Phrygian state: the Early Iron Age at Gordion." Anatolian Studies 50 (December 2000): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643013.
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A brief history of archaeological research at Gordion Piecing together documentary sources from areas to the east and west of Anatolia, historians agree that in the eighth century BC, central Anatolia was dominated by people who spoke an Indo-European language, Phrygian (Mellink 1991: 621; Muscarella 1995: 92 with refs). From historical sources we also know the location of the Phrygians' capital, Gordion: Quintus Curtius (Hist Alex III.1–2) states that the city lay on the Sangarios River ‘equally distant from the Pontic and Cilician Seas’. Using this description, Gustav and Augustus Körte travelled across Turkey more than a century ago looking for the physical remains of Gordion and Phrygia. They eventually focused on a mound lying adjacent to the Sangarios or modern Sakarya. The mound, now called Yassıhöyük, is large relative to others in the region, and lies in the proper geographical setting for ancient Gordion; a series of artificial mounds or tumuli scattered across nearby slopes provides additional evidence of the settlement's importance.
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Khrameeva, Ekaterina E., Geoffrey Fudenberg, Mikhail S. Gelfand, and Leonid A. Mirny. "History of chromosome rearrangements reflects the spatial organization of yeast chromosomes." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 14, no. 02 (April 2016): 1641002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021972001641002x.
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Three-dimensional (3D) organization of genomes affects critical cellular processes such as transcription, replication, and deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) repair. While previous studies have investigated the natural role, the 3D organization plays in limiting a possible set of genomic rearrangements following DNA repair, the influence of specific organizational principles on this process, particularly over longer evolutionary time scales, remains relatively unexplored. In budding yeast S.cerevisiae, chromosomes are organized into a Rabl-like configuration, with clustered centromeres and telomeres tethered to the nuclear periphery. Hi-C data for S.cerevisiae show that a consequence of this Rabl-like organization is that regions equally distant from centromeres are more frequently in contact with each other, between arms of both the same and different chromosomes. Here, we detect rearrangement events in Saccharomyces species using an automatic approach, and observe increased rearrangement frequency between regions with higher contact frequencies. Together, our results underscore how specific principles of 3D chromosomal organization can influence evolutionary events.
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Zimmer, Oliver, Hélène M. Jouve, and Heinrich B. Stuhrmann. "Polarized proton spin density images the tyrosyl radical locations in bovine liver catalase." IUCrJ 3, no. 5 (July 29, 2016): 326–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205225251601054x.
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A tyrosyl radical, as part of the amino acid chain of bovine liver catalase, supports dynamic proton spin polarization (DNP). Finding the position of the tyrosyl radical within the macromolecule relies on the accumulation of proton polarization close to it, which is readily observed by polarized neutron scattering. The nuclear scattering amplitude due to the polarization of protons less than 10 Å distant from the tyrosyl radical is ten times larger than the amplitude of magnetic neutron scattering from an unpaired polarized electron of the same radical. The direction of DNP was inverted every 5 s, and the initial evolution of the intensity of polarized neutron scattering after each inversion was used to identify those tyrosines which have assumed a radical state. Three radical sites, all of them close to the molecular centre and the haem, appear to be equally possible. Among these is tyr-369, the radical state of which had previously been proven by electron paramagnetic resonance.
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Berthold, Daniel. "Nietzsche and Freud: Disaffinities." Journal of European Studies 49, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244118818994.
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Much has been written on the similarities between Nietzsche and Freud, and Freud himself spoke of his ‘return to Nietzsche’. I argue, however, that at least with respect to their conceptions of the nature of science – Freud’s psychoanalysis and Nietzsche’s ‘gay’ science – Freud never ‘returned’ to Nietzsche at all, but on the contrary, must be situated in the position of a significant departure or break. I focus on how these contrasting visions of science rest on fundamentally different perspectives on the nature of truth and reality and on the relation between science and art. Ultimately both see a primary task of their science to be the understanding of illness, and I will close by showing how their contrasting scientific temperaments led to equally divergent views of the meaning of health and illness. However deep Freud’s attraction to Nietzsche, he finally remained profoundly distant from him. Indeed, the affinities so often invoked between Nietzsche and Freud often tend to obscure far-reaching dis-affinities.
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Benschop, K. S. M., Ç. H. Williams, K. C. Wolthers, G. Stanway, and P. Simmonds. "Widespread recombination within human parechoviruses: analysis of temporal dynamics and constraints." Journal of General Virology 89, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83498-0.
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Human parechoviruses (HPeVs), members of the family Picornaviridae, are classified into six types. To investigate the dynamics and likelihood of recombination among HPeVs, we compared phylogenies of two distant regions (VP1 and 3Dpol) of 37 HPeV isolates (types 1 and 3–5) and prototype sequences (types 1–6). Evidence for frequent recombination between HPeV1, 4, 5 and 6 was found. The likelihood of recombination was correlated with the degree of VP1 divergence and differences in isolation dates, both indicative of evolutionary times of divergence. These temporal dynamics were found to be most similar to those of human enterovirus species B variants. In contrast, HPeV3 remained phylogenetically distinct from other types throughout the genome. As HPeV3 is equally divergent in nucleotide sequence from the other HPeV types, its genetic isolation may reflect different biology and changed cellular tropisms, arising from the deletion of the RGD motif, and likely use of a non-integrin receptor.
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Kalytiuk, Lilia, and Mykhailo Reksha. "DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE AND PRAGMATICS OF ACCEPTANCE SPEECHES AT THE “OSCAR” CEREMONY." Studia Philologica 1, no. 14 (2020): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2020.147.
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The research focuses on structural and pragmatic aspects of the acceptance speeches at the Oscar ceremony. The carried out research rests upon the aim to verify or refute our working hypothesis that the speeches in question, being part of the institutional discourse, are thematically homogeneous and during a short period of time are not subject for significant structural and thematic deviations. The empirical material was grouped into three chronological layers: the first, the most chronologically distant and covering 1960—1970 time span. The second layer covers the decade dating 1988—1998s. The last, the most recent layer includes speeches, delivered in the 21st century. For the investigation we picked 30 speeches (10 for each layer, equally representing men’s and women’s speeches). We hold that the speeches in question, being part of institutional discourse, are thematically heterogeneous and during a short period of time are the subject for significant structural and thematic deviations, becoming more personal, more intimate and informal. The said refutes the aforementioned working hypothesis.
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Žigaitė, Živilė, Alexandre Fadel, Alberto Pérez-Huerta, Teresa Jeffries, Daniel Goujet, and Per Erik Ahlberg. "Paleoenvironments revealed by rare-earth element systematics in vertebrate bioapatite from the Lower Devonian of Svalbard." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 8 (August 2016): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0206.
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In situ rare-earth element (REE) compositions have been measured in early vertebrate microremains from the Lower Devonian basin of Andrée Land (Svalbard), with the aim of obtaining information about their early depositional environment and potential reworking. Vertebrate microremains with different histology were used for the analyses, sourced from two different localities of marginal marine to freshwater sediments from geographically distant parts of the Grey Hœk Formation (Skamdalen and Tavlefjellet members). We selected thelodont and undescribed ?chondrichthyan scales, which allowed us to define potential taxonomic, histological, and taphonomic variables of the REE uptake. Results showed REE concentrations to be relatively uniform within the scales of each taxon, but apparent discrepancies were visible between the studied localities and separate taxa. The compilation of REE abundance patterns as well as REE ratios have revealed that thelodont and ?chondrichthyan originating from the same locality must have had different burial and early diagenetic histories. The shapes of the REE profiles, together with the presence and absence of the Eu and Ce anomalies, equally suggested different depositional and diagenetic environments for these two sympatric taxa resulting from either stratigraphical or long-distance reworking. The REE concentrations appear to have visible differences between separate dental tissues, particularly between enameloid and dentine of thelodonts, emphasizing the importance of in situ measurements in microfossil biomineral geochemistry.
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Singer, Christian F., Anneliese Fink-Retter, Daphne Gschwantler-Kaulich, Theresia Thalhammer, Gernot Hudelist, Ruth Mueller, Klaus Czerwenka, and Ernst Kubista. "Selective spatial upregulation of intratumoral stromal aromatase in breast cancer patients: evidence for imbalance of local estrogen metabolism." Endocrine-Related Cancer 13, no. 4 (December 2006): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01230.
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The suppression of local estrogens levels is of key importance in the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. Essentially all endocrine strategies act by either suppressing estrogen formation or competitively inhibiting receptor-binding in tumor cells. Nevertheless, little is still known about the local expression of aromatase and sulfotransferase which are the key modulators of intra-tumoral estrogen levels. We have performed immunohistochemostry to investigate the expression of aromatase and sulfotransferase in 42 samples obtained directly from malignant breast tumors, and compared it to biopsies obtained from uninvolved tissue in the vicinity of the invasion front, and to distant breast tissue. We found that aromatase was equally detectable in both tumor epithelial and stroma, but was mostly epithelial in non-malignant tissues (P = 0.00008, Fisher’s exact test). Also, aromatase protein expression was significantly more common in tumoral stroma when compared with peritumoral and distant breast stroma (P = 0.00005, and P < 0.00001 respectively). With the notable exception of cystosarcoma phylloides, sulfotransferase protein was detectable only in epithelial tissues, regardless of the location within the diseased breast. However, epithelial sulfotransferase was correlated with epithelial aromatase (r = 0.35461, P = 0.0009, Spearman’s ρ test) and with the epithelial ER status (r = 0.29313, P = 0.005). We have demonstrated a differential aromatase and sulfotransferase protein expression pattern that is dependent on the spatial relation to a malignant breast tumor. Our results indicate a net increase in intratumoral active estrogen levels through increased stromal aromatization, while physiological local inactivation by sulfotransferase activity remains essentially unchanged.
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Gade, Emily Kalah, Mohammed M. Hafez, and Michael Gabbay. "Fratricide in rebel movements: A network analysis of Syrian militant infighting." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 3 (January 21, 2019): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318806940.
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Violent conflict among rebels is a common feature of civil wars and insurgencies. Yet, not all rebel groups are equally prone to such infighting. While previous research has focused on the systemic causes of violent conflict within rebel movements, this article explores the factors that affect the risk of conflict between pairs of rebel groups. We generate hypotheses concerning how differences in power, ideology, and state sponsors between rebel groups impact their propensity to clash and test them using data from the Syrian civil war. The data, drawn from hundreds of infighting claims made by rebel groups on social media, are used to construct a network of conflictual ties among 30 rebel groups. The relationship between the observed network structure and the independent variables is evaluated using network analysis metrics and methods including assortativity, community structure, simulation, and latent space modeling. We find strong evidence that ideologically distant groups have a higher propensity for infighting than ideologically proximate ones. We also find support for power asymmetry, meaning that pairs of groups of disparate size are at greater risk of infighting than pairs of equal strength. No support was found for the proposition that sharing state sponsors mitigates rebels’ propensity for infighting. Our results provide an important corrective to prevailing theory, which discounts the role of ideology in militant factional dynamics within fragmented conflicts.
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Parlov, Jelena, Zoran Kovač, Zoran Nakić, and Jadranka Barešić. "Using Water Stable Isotopes for Identifying Groundwater Recharge Sources of the Unconfined Alluvial Zagreb Aquifer (Croatia)." Water 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102177.
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The main purpose of this study was to understand the interactions between precipitation, surface water, and groundwater in the Zagreb aquifer system using water stable isotopes. The Zagreb aquifer is of the unconfined type and strongly hydraulically connected to the Sava River. As the groundwater is the main source of drinking water for one million inhabitants, it is essential to investigate each detail of the recharge processes of the aquifer to ensure adequate protection of the groundwater. Measuring the content of water stable isotopes in surface waters and groundwater enabled the creation of two- and three-component mixing models based on the isotopic mass balance for the purpose of the quantification of each recharge component. The mixing models gave ambiguous results. Observation wells equally distant from the Sava River did not have the same recharge component ratio. This indicated that there were more factors (in addition to the distance from the river) that were affecting groundwater recharge, and the properties of the unsaturated zone and surface cover data were therefore also taken into consideration. The thickness of the unsaturated zone and the characteristics of different soil types were identified as important factors in the recharge of the Zagreb aquifer. The areas with high thickness of the unsaturated zone and well-permeable soil had a very similar recharge component ratio to the areas with small thickness of the unsaturated zone but low-permeable soil.
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Singer, C. F., A. Fink-Retter, D. Gschwantler-Kaulich, G. Hudelist, K. Czerwenka, and E. Kubista. "Selective spatial up-regulation of intratumoral stromal aromatase in breast cancer patients: Evidence for imbalance of local estrogen metabolism." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 10105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10105.
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10105 Background: The suppression of local estrogens levels is of key importance in the treatment of ER positive breast cancer. Essentially all endocrine strategies act by either suppressing estrogen formation or by competitively inhibiting receptor binding in tumor cells. Nevertheless, little is still known about the local expression of aromatase and sultotransferase which are key modulators of intra-tumoral estrogen levels. Methods: We have performed immunohistochemostry to investigate the expression of aromatase and sulfotransferase in 42 samples obtained directly from malignant breast tumors, and compared it to biopsies obtained from uninvolved tissue in the vicinity of the invasion front, and to distant breast tissue. Results: We found that aromatase was equally detectable in both tumor epithelial and stroma, but was mostly epithelial in non-malignant tissues (p=0.00008, Fisher’s Exact Test). Also, aromatase protein expression was significantly more common in tumoral stroma when compared to peri-tumoral and distant breast stroma (p=0.00005, and p<0.00001, respectively). With the notable exception of cystosarcoma phylloides, sulfotransferase protein was only detectable in epithelial tissues, regardless of the location within the diseased breast. Epithelial sulfotransferase was, however, correlated with epithelial aromatase (r=0.35461, p=0.0009, Spearman’s Rho test) and with the epithelial ER status (r=0.29313, p=0.005). Conclusions: Taken together, we have demonstrated a differential aromatase and sulfotransferase protein expression pattern that is dependent of the spacial relation to a malignant breast tumor. Our results indicate a net increase in intra-tumoral active estrogen levels through increased stromal aromatization, while physiological local inactivation by sulfotransferase activity remains essentially unchanged. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Osman, Robert, and Jana Jíchová. "„A přišel ti naproti?“: dohled rodičů jako neviditelná bariéra prostorového chování jejich dcer ve vzdálených univerzitních městech." Sociální studia / Social Studies 16, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/soc2019-1-103.
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Research on perceptions of security has long focused on exploring fear for oneself, but fear for other person, so-called altruistic fear, which can contribute significantly to the overall perception of security, is equally important. Fear for others is also related to the need for surveillance and control over those for whom we worry. This article focuses on the importance of transferred, spatially absent parental control for the perception of fear for daughters who moved from a small municipality to a large, distant university city. Through semi-structured interviews with female first and second year college students, we examine how their feelings of safety and danger in the new environment transformed during their transition to university, how parents approached their leaving home and how they communicated with their daughters, and how the parents continued to supervise them despite the spatial divide. Our analysis shows the different forms that the relationship between parental control and their daughter’s fear can take, and how fear for oneself can be interwoven with fear for others.
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Scheel, David. "Octopuses in wild and domestic relationships." Social Science Information 57, no. 3 (July 4, 2018): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018418785485.
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People commonly interact with terrestrial domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, horses, cattle and goats, and birds. Thereby individuals of different species form animal–human bonds. We are now forming relationships with ocean animals in increasingly common ways through growing human populations, advances in technology such as SCUBA, ocean mapping, underwater instrumentation and advances in aquatic animal husbandry. Octopuses and humans share quite distant evolutionary ties and yet share aspects of sensory ability and intelligence. Octopuses thereby pose interesting challenges and conundrums for understanding animal–human relationships. I consider several reasons to expect that the evolution of octopuses, and of animal cognition generally among active and visually sophisticated animals, will favour traits that support relationships between individuals. The evolutionary outcome of animals capable of forming inter-individual relationships may thus be expected in any evolving biota with organisms of this kind. This article explores the ability of ocean and terrestrial animals to relate to one another in ways that are reciprocal, if not equally balanced, and illustrates this with the examples of octopuses.
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Varada Rajkumar, K., Yesubabu Adimulam, and K. Subrahmanyam. "A critical study and analysis of journal metric “CiteScore”, cluster and regression analysis." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10251.
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In previous days the quality of journal is measured based on many metrics such as impact factor; SNIP(Source Normalized Impact Per paper),SJR( SCImago Journal Rank) and IPP(Impact Per Publication). It is very hard to find that the research papers to be published in which journal? CiteScore is a better way of measuring the citation impact of sources such as journals. CiteScore is a metrics product for journal from elsevier, using the citation data from the scopusdatabase to rank journals. CiteScore metrics is a comprehensive current and free metrics for source titles in scopus. Apart from Impact factor, CiteScore is becoming increasingly important in the context of evaluating metrics for all journals. CiteScore metrics are available for 37956 titles in scopus. It is not limited to journals as also conference proceedings, trade, publications and book series. The metrics are available 6 years period from 2011 to 2016. For a subset of CiteScore dataset clustering and regression algorithms can be implemented to study the data points that lie equally distant from one another.
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Lau, K. F., A. Wang, K. Chew, H. Dai, T. Hastie, B. Brandt, F. Waldman, and J. Sninsky. "An RT-PCR-based multi-gene prognostic signature predicts distant metastasis of node negative, ER positive breast cancer from FFPE sections." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.506.
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506 Background: Gene expression profiles have been shown to predict distant metastasis risk in breast cancer patients. For routine medical practice, molecular prognostic tests need to be able to quantify metastasis risk with readily available samples and optimally employ regulatory-approved platforms. Methods: 142 early stage, N-, ER+, untreated breast cancer patients were chosen. Mean age was 61.8 (31 - 89) yrs with 72% > 55 yrs. RNA was isolated from 4×10 μm FFPE sections. Using real-time RT-PCR, 200 genes selected from van ‘t Veer et al, Dai et al, Paik et al and additional candidate genes were profiled. Primary endpoint was distant metastasis free survival. A prognostic signature was identified using semi-supervised principal component method. Metastasis score (MS) was calculated from gene expression levels. Results: We identified a unique 15-gene prognostic signature and 3 normalization genes. Probability of metastasis for any time period can be calculated from MS and was evaluated for 2, 5, and 10 yrs. Using median of MS to stratify patients, the high-risk group had a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.1 (95%CI 1.77–9.54, p = 0.001) vs. the low-risk group. 5-yr and 10-yr metastasis free survival rates (std. error) were 0.76 (0.053) and 0.62 (0.064) in the high-risk group and 0.96 (0.025) and 0.90 (0.038) in the low-risk group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that molecular signature had independent prognostic value with HR of 2.97 (95%CI 1.17 - 7.52, p = 0.022) after adjusting for age, tumor size and grade. Molecular signature was more prognostic in the low-grade subgroup (HR = 6.85, 95%CI 1.81–25.88) than an unstratified analysis. AUC at 5 yr was 0.65 and 0.60 for molecular signature and Adjuvant Online (AO) respectively. The prognosticator combining both had AUC of 0.67. 10-yr metastasis probabilities from MS and AO have low correlation (R2=0.17). Conclusions: A prognostic signature based upon mRNA expression of 15 genes has been identified using FFPE sections with RT-PCR for early stage, N-, ER+ patients. Metastasis score that quantifies distant metastasis risk for any time period, not confounded with any treatment effect, can help clinicians and patients to choose among different therapeutic options. (Lau and Wang contribute equally) [Table: see text]
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Wazeri, Yehia Hassan. "Exploring the Significance of Mecca Sacred Mosque Global Location." Journal of Islamic Architecture 4, no. 3 (June 20, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v4i3.3920.
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<span lang="EN-US">In traditional Islamic cities, the great mosque lies in the middle as the main landmark of the city. It is stated in the Qur'an that the Ka’ba (Mecca sacred mosque) was the first house that was built in Mecca city for humanity to worship Allah. Therefore, Mecca is the holiest city of Islam, and the goal of the annual Muslim hajj (pilgrimage). The objective of the present study is to explore the significance of sacred mosque of Mecca global location on dry land by using accurate measurements and Satellite programs.</span><span lang="EN-US">The results of the study illustrate that the sacred mosque of<span> </span>Mecca equally distances away from the following locations:</span><span>1) </span><span lang="EN-US">The farthest borders edges of Africa and Europe as well,</span><span> 2) </span><span lang="EN-US">The nearest borders of the new world continents along with a part of Asia which meeting the Northern borders of North America at the Bering Sea,</span><span> 3) </span><span lang="EN-US">The farthest borders of the new world continents that represent the outer edges of the dry land</span><span>, 4) </span><span lang="EN-US">Finally, the Ka’ba is equally distant from the geographical centers of the new world continents.</span>
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Bamias, A., E. Kastritis, G. Bozas, V. Koutsoukou, N. Antoniou, H. Katsifotis, K. Konstantinidis, A. Skolarikos, C. Deliveliotis, and M. A. Dimopoulos. "Cisplatin versus carboplatin-based chemotherapy in inoperable or recurrent urothelial carcinoma: A retrospective analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 14558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14558.
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14558 Background: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy represents the standard for patients with inoperable or recurrent urothelial carcinoma. Carboplatin-based chemotherapy is reserved for not-fit-for-cisplatin patients. Recent data suggest that carboplatin-based chemotherapy may be effective in fit-for-cisplatin patients. We examined the differences in the outcome according to the compound used as first-line treatment. Methods: We selected patients who received first-line combination chemotherapy based on cisplatin or carboplatin. The major end point was survival. Survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method, while cox regression analysis was used for multivariate models. Results: 445 patients, treated with cisplatin (330) or carboplatin (115)-based chemotherapy were included in this analysis. After a median follow-up of 52 months, there was no significant difference in survival between the two treatment groups (Table). Subgroup analyses according to PS, distant metastases, Hb, weight loss, showed that the use of cisplatin was independently associated with improved survival only in the PS 2,3 subgroup (see Table). When patients were stratified according to the Bajorin prognostic criteria (PS 0,1 vs. 2,3 and/or distant metastases yes vs. no; J Clin Oncol 1999, 17: 3173), again cisplatin-based chemotherapy was associated with a trend towards improved outcome only in the worst prognostic group (Table). Conclusions: Carboplatin-based chemotherapy may be equally effective to cisplatin-based treatment in patients with inoperable or recurrent urothelial cancer and no or one adverse factors. Cisplatin-based treatment may be beneficial in patients with poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of this superiority is limited due to the poor outcome and the poor tolerance of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in this group of patients. (see Table) Median survival (95% CI) after first-line chemotherapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.