Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Equateur'
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Mazars, Nadège Gros Christian. "Mouvement indigène en Equateur." [S. l.] : [s. n.], 2005. http://www.iheal.univ-paris3.fr/IMG/pdf/DEA_v1_N_Mazars.pdf.
Full textSalinas, Dosch Ana Lucia. "Panorama des médias en Equateur." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020041.
Full textThe ecuadorian media landscape is characterised by the absence of a public service because the media are essentially private. The absence of adequate basic regulations by law in combination with a situation of constant political and economic crisis have resulted in an economic and geographic concentration (the media are concentrated in the two biggest and most important cities : quito and guayaquil). The tv sector is purely commercial and has grown in quantitative but not qualitative terms. With a programme modelled after that of the united states the tv concentrates mainly on entertainment. Nevertheless it provides the setting for information and news programmes which represent very important local productions. The tv as well as the ecuadorian press are still urban media. Despite a strong consumption of local newspapers, a national press of high quality exists. Since the indigenous population lives marginalized in the rural areas, the radio is the most important media in these zones, especially the alternative radio which main objective is education. The radio permits to reach a large number of people at low cost. At the same time the radio is used by the social and indigenous movement. The non-existence of a film industry in some way has helped to the development of a video scene, especially an alternative video sector, while large cinema productions remain the dream of a few idealistic producers. New technologies are developing as fast as in the industrialized countries but are only available to a small population group and not to the general public. Although the government has traditionally shown respect for the media, journalistic activity is confronted with numerous constraints: lack of professionalism and independence, low salaries, withhold of information, and auto-censorship
Valdez, Francisco. "Les vestiges archéologiques de Sigsig, Azuay (Equateur) : un exercice d'interprétation." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100062.
Full textCevallos, Idrovo Rodrigo. "Industrialisation et emploi en Equateur : 1964-1983." Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030017.
Full textCevallos, Idrovo Rodrigo. "Industrialisation et emploi en Equateur, 1964-1983." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596547j.
Full textGutiérrez, Chávez Teresa. "Le roman historique en Equateur : 1890-1990." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR2006.
Full textThe corpus of this research is made of three historical novels: "Relacion de un veterano de la independencia" (1891) by Carlos R. Tobar, "Maria Joaquina en la vida y en la muerte" (1976) by Jorge Davila Vasquez and "Mientras llega el dia" (1990) by Juan Valdano. Since the historical novel includes history and fiction, a double decoding process has been needed: firstly, the writting regarding the evoked historical universe -the ecuadorian independence war in "Relacion de un veterano de la independencia" and "Mientras llega el dia", as well as the Ignacio de Veintimilla's dictatorship (1876- 1883) in "Maria Joaquina en la vida y en la muerte"-; and secondly, the writting related to the novelist's context -Carlos R. Tobar is an author of the end of the XIXth century, Jorge Davila Vasquez and Juan Valdano are both of the second half of the XXth century, that means our contemporaries-. While adopting the methodology we called upon diverse theories which approach the narrative text as a significant speech: the thematic critique, the structural approach, the narratological study, the semiotic critique, the genetic critique, the social critique. The objective of this research is the textual analysis of the historical ecuadorian novel from 1890 to 1990; it is not then a comparative analysis with other latin-american historical novels. At the end of this study we can confirm the existance of three different historical representations under the common denominator of a national identity search
Peyronnie, Karine. "Le centre historique de quito : de la ville a un patrimoine de l'humanite. mutations et recomposition urbaines (1908-1996)." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070018.
Full textHow can a former city-centre which, a century ago, made up the greater part of the city and which still remains densely populated, partake of the dynamism of a modern city while retaining the essential elements of its composition ? this question synthesises the problematics and serves as the main theme of this thesis which presents the attempts at co-existence between a historic centre, classified as a world heritage site, and an urban area which has stayed very active. The first section sets out the factual and socio-geographical situation at the crucial periods of the 20th century which have marked this evolution. 1908, first of all, which is noteworthy for the opening up of the sierra with the arrival of the coastal railway and the major drainage works which marked quito's entry into modem times. Then 1946 which saw the start of the application of the regulating plan for quito and on which the organisation of a large part of the urban area still depends today. After this evocation, there follow descriptions of the situation, permanence and role of the old city which today is merely the historic centre of a capital keen to modernize. It is at this stage that are discussed the vocation and the specific activities of the city centre within the framework of the life of the city in 1996. A second section is more closely concerned with the activities of the historic centre and life in its various neighbourhoods. It is based on a large number of fieldsurveys and dwells more specifically on the history and everyday life of two residential areas : la loma and san juan. Finally, a third section deals with the heritage of the historic centre, seen in terms of the various institutional actions which have led to its being taken in hand and restored ; it also treats of the way in which the inhabitants of quito see these actions. The study concludes with the pronouncements of those responsible for the restoration programme for the old city, and a analysis of them
Verdesoto, Custode Luis Fernando. "Acteurs et jeux politiques en Equateur 1979-2011." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0047.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the democratisation process in Ecuador between 1979 and 2011. It discusses the concept of "social personality", presents the social bases, political parties, armed forces and territories, and finishes with an exploration of the political regime and an analysis of unachieved political systems. The thread of the thesis consists of the conditions of democracy, in particular the "rentier" State, and divides the democratic cycle in three parts: party regime (1979-1995), general crisis (1996-2006) and neo-populism (2007-2011). The institutional actors are not able to build a basis for democratisation, nor for developing the State, and in the absence of such a system, a "grey legitimacy" evolves. "Social personality" refers to the presence/absence of a national project, expressed through democratic institutions in a context of globalisation. The weaknesses of the political parties stop the citizens from engaging in political modernisation, the 'rentie system prevents the conformation of a State, the armed forces constitute a national apparatus and the territories gain synergies with the State and the market. The cycle was organised by a "conservative modernisation". Given the weaknesses inherent in the political parties, a crisis-instability appeared which added the ingredient of "informality", which gave rise to the "neo-populist tendency", which included an additional ingredient in the shape of "authoritarianism". The oil resources facilitated a passive transformation with the State assuming responsibility for development and institutional vacuums. The 'rentier' State generated heteronomous institutional demands, expressed in political perceptions, and an institutional de¬accumulation due to a permanent social inconformity with the design of the State
Alvarado, cevallos Alexandra patricia. "Néotectonique et cinématique de la déformation continentale en Equateur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870332.
Full textAlvarado, Alexandra. "Néotectonique et cinématique de la déformation continentale en Equateur." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU026/document.
Full textLocated in the Northern Andes along the active subduction zone of the Nazca plate beneath the South American continent, Ecuador is highly exposed to seismic risk. Moreover, the upper plate is actively deforming and faults responsible for crustal earthquakes are poorly known, showing the need to take them into account in modern assessments of seismic hazard.Our first objective is then the study of regional active faults and their kinematics, in Ecuador. Systematic analysis of air photos and satellite imagery, as well as geomorphic evidences gathered at different scales along these structures permitted us to obtain a regional tectonic map. Each observation was taken in account if also confirmed on digital terrain models (DTM) and field data. Finally this first step permitted to establish a first up-to-date and homogeneous catalog of major tectonic structures, active at the Quaternary time scale, consistent over the entire territory. We also determined the sense of motion of these active faults in Ecuador. Additionally, we integrate the seismic (instrumental and historical seismicity together with focal mechanisms for the higher magnitude events) and geodetic data available from national, global networks and field work to derive consistent kinematics models. Finally, the kinematics of each segment is compared to the instantaneous and cumulated Quaternary deformation.We are thus able to document a major tectonic system in Ecuador: the Chingual-Cosanga-Pallatanga-Puná fault system, showing a relative velocity of 7-8 mm/yr. with respect to South America. The deformation is characterized mainly by a combination of dextral NE-SW transpressive faults and reverse NS faults. This system accommodates the northward tectonic extrusion of the North Andean Block. Our interpretation implies the existence and definition of a new micro block, isolated on the western flank of the CCPP structure, bounded on the west by the thrust fault system of Quito and Latacunga and to the east by the Chingual-Cosanga faults, probably active over the past 3 million years.In a second step, the analysis of the evolution of the drainage system and its interaction with the active tectonic deformation, together with focused sampling and dating was applied to the study of a particular region of the Andes of Ecuador: the Latacunga and Quito micro-block together with the Quito faults system. The Quito reverse faults system consists of blind thrust faults that outcrop at the surface as a series of en-echelon folds, dipping west and affecting Quaternary volcanic deposits. This kinematics is further confirmed by the analysis of surface and local seismicity and focal mechanisms provided mainly by the national network RENSIG. Available GPS data show a EW convergence at a rate of 4 mm/yr, which is accommodated on the Quito fault system, and particularly active at a regional level. At depth the Quito fault system is probably connected to the west to the old suture, which marks the limit of oceanic terranes accreted to the continent. The analysis of the drainage system has allowed us to highlight the propagation of Quito fault system eastward and northward during the Quaternary.To conclude from the new local and regional models of Quaternary deformation in Ecuador, we have characterized and defined new seismic sources for the continental crust. Each source corresponds to a characteristic magnitude value and deformation model. This contribution integrates active tectonics as should be done in future seismic hazard calculations to help better quantity seismic hazard on Ecuadorian territory
GUZMAN, DAVID EDUARD. "Les forces armees et le pouvoir politique en equateur." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040139.
Full textFrom 1830, the ecuadorian army is present at every major event in the national history. The political system is dominated by this army from the end of the xix century. It is presented as the armed body of middle class, then as the watchdog of oligarchy, or as the instrument for foreign capital, then as an autonomus "moderating power" arbitrating civils quarrels, finally as the motor of modernisation and growing, the ecuadorian army have never been analysed as a political force as such. The main idea in this thesis, submitted at the sorbonne, springs from the hypothesis that it is possible -and necessary- to examiner the military power under another angle than that of corpora- tive aspects and the observation of military institution. Here, through empirical studies on modernisation of the national army and on the influence of the national security "doctrine" on the inter- nal confrontations between officers to obtain hegemony, on historical evolution of the army and on the analysis of ecuadorian society's dismantling, are brought to light the fondamental processes of martial domination. This description of military power allows a renewed inter- pretation of the political functioning of today's ecuador
Sinardet, Emmanuelle. "Libéralisme et école primaire publique en Equateur 1895-1925." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR2029.
Full textMassal, Julie. "La participation politique indienne en Equateur : vers une démocratie participative ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32015.
Full textIndian social movements in Ecuador are demanding participative democracy. Since 1996, the Pluri-national Unity-Pachakutik New Country Movement and its main protagonist the Ecuadorian Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities (CONAIE), have sought to represent those who are exluded from the political system, especially the indigenous people. Autonomous Indian participation in politics is thus a very recent demand. Why and in what context has this demand emerged ? How has Indian mobilisation developed since the return of democracy in 1978 ? Ultimately, which forms of social mobilisation and political participation do the indigenous organisations advocate in order to implement a participative democracy ?. .
Herdoiza, Mera Wilson. "Rapports de pouvoir dans l'occupation de l'espace urbain en Equateur." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHES0025.
Full textMigeot, Virginie. "Etude de la distribution des causes de deces en equateur, 1988-1990 : place des maladies infectieuses intestinales." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31574.
Full textDemoraes, Florent. "Mobilité, enjeux et risques dans le District Métropolitain de Quito (Equateur)." Chambéry, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007025.
Full textThe objective of this geography PhD thesis is to suggest a reflection on the risks incurred by the Metropolitan District of Quito -DMQ- (Ecuador) regarding the mobility issue and its vulnerabilities partly attribuable to the presence of a lot of damaging hazards (earthquakes, volcanic iruptions, floods. . . ). Inspired from previous analysis methods on risks, realised by some geographers from the University of Savoy int the towns of Nice and Annecy, this research elaborated in a way such as to be reproducible, focusing on the main urban flows at stake and on the key physical elements they rely on, suggests a reflection base that could be useful to different urban stakeholders in a preventive planning perspective ; it also provides some ways to reduce vulnerabilities and presents some orientations toward a crisis management. Finally, it suggests a conceptual reflection on the articulation of the thematic of "mobility" and "risks" from the concepts such as "vulnerability" and "accessibility". The demonstration is based on fieldwork carried out during 2 and a half years in Quito, in the framework of a research program called 'Information System and Risks within the Metropolitan District of Quito" started in 1999 by the Development Research French Institute (IRD) in partnership with the municipality of Quito. This work, methodological above all, required the constitution of a GIS databise (with its meta-data) called "Mobilité", strucutred with the help of the "Savane" software package developed by the IRD
Sierra, Alexis. "Gestion et enjeux des espaces urbains à risque d'origine naturelle : les versants et les quebradas de Quito, Equateur." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081788.
Full textTruffin, Barbara. "Représentations et pratiques du "Droit" en Amazonie équatorienne: la garantie constitutionnelle des droits des peuples indigènes en contexte." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211099.
Full textMathieu, Christine. "Le cholera a otavalo (equateur) : une epidemie qui revele les ruptures socio-culturelles." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN11247.
Full textRécalt, Christine. "Entre partage et exclusion : les politiques de l'eau en Equateur depuis trente ans : l'exemple de Píllaro (Tungurahua)." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21006.
Full textEcuador profits from 2,5 times more water resources than the world mean, it is one of the countries best provided in the planet. Nevertheless, since centuries, its hydraulic policies are the subject of sharp mobilizations. Still today the management styles of the resources are regularly disputed. Thus, within the framework of this thesis, the orientations of the modes of regulation, the models found and the results reached will be analysed. The institutional and social aspects of the noted evolutions will be particularly approached. Today, it is noted a deficiency of the modes of regulations adopted and a crisis of the models of interventions recommended by the international authorities, the approach of the governorship of water resources must be renewed to be durable. The interrogations relate to the goals of political economy really pursued to ensure the future of rural societies. Like the title of this study presents it, the essential dilemma is to chose between the most equitable possible division of resources to hope to obtain societies with durable practices, and the systematic exclusion of the least powerful actors economically. Research presented rests on a whole of questions of an analytical nature which relates at the same time to the nature of hydraulic policies, the devices of regulation set up and the principal modifications which have taken place. It specifies the mobilized theoretical bases. Then from the more normative point of view, the subsequent questions attempt to define the diagrams allowing a better management which minimize the disagreements and to propose organisational and institutional structures better able to implement them
Garcia, Cano L. C. "Imagerie sismique 3D de la zone de subduction à la frontière Colombie-Equateur." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440140.
Full textGasselin, Pierre. "La floriculture et les dynamiques agraires de la region agropolitaine de quito (equateur)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAP0027.
Full textCedeno, Virna. "Prévention des maladies et amélioration génétique de la crevette : Litopenaeus vannamai en Equateur." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20243.
Full textCouret, Dominique. "Système d'information géographique, inégalité dans le logement et ségrégation spatiale à Quito, Equateur /." Paris : ORSTOM, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35733499m.
Full textEscobar, Ana Paulina. "Pratiques, trajectoires et projets des journalistes indépendants : l'évolution du journalisme numérique en Equateur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCH002.
Full textJournalism in the digital age is a constantly evolving field worldwide, including in Ecuador. Are digital uses changing the profile and skills of journalists? If professional practices have changed, what about the nature of journalism? Are the new digital projects a form of professionalization for journalists, or rather a strategy to precise their space and professional recognition? Through five case studies, we have devoted this research to exploring and analyzing the evolution of journalistic practices and trajectories of Ecuadorian digital professionals and media over a period of constant changes and crises, which includes the pandemic.We analyze 1) professional skills, profiles, practices and knowledge of the profession; 2) bridges between the fields of journalism and communication; 3) experiential discourse in Ecuadorian digital media; 4) work dynamics following the integration of Twitter in newsroom and 5) the practice of collaborative journalism in the context of the health crisis.This study starts from a theoretical and conceptual basis about journalism and journalists in the digital age, the importance of professional training, visibility and mechanisms of professional recognition, and the digital space as a fertile ground for new editorial projects. By comparing French and Spanish literature, this thesis is based on info-communication approaches to journalism, articulated to recognition theory. Its aim is to analyze the evolution of journalistic practices in the digital age, and the ways in which journalists invest in and use technology to gain visibility and recognition within their professional groups. The results of our research lead us to identify the digital era as a space conducive to the emergence of new professional practices and trajectories, as well as new editorial projects
Périgny, Yanik. "Les écologes et leurs impacts environnementaux dans la région de la Haute-Napo - Equateur." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0014/MQ38759.pdf.
Full textMerino, Bénigno. "Education populaire et autodétermination politique des peuples indigènes en Equateur : analyse d'un processus d'institutionnalisation." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081749.
Full textGuyot-Tephany, Josselin. "Protéger la nature à l'ère de l'anthropocène : Géo-graphies de l'archipel des Galapagos (Equateur)." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0022/document.
Full textThe emergence of the conservation movement in the late XIXth century in North America turned natural protected areas into a privileged tool for preserving the living. Designed in the first place as islands of nature shielded from human hold,they were progressively integrated in the 1970s to global environmental policies aiming at reconciling conservation and development. Such a dynamics both led to the increase and diversification of protected areas. However, until now, the development of those structures did not prevent from stopping the reduction of biodiversity, a paradoxical situation that isapplying to all the ecological issues. In spite of a strong global environmental consciousness and an increase of actions, measures and environment-oriented policies, we would have entered into a new epoch characterized by the general and irreversible mark of human activities on the earth : the Anthropocene (Crutzen et Stoermer 2000).This thesis aims at questioning the foundations of nature protection in the Anthropocene era. The starting postulate is that the incapacity to meet environmental issues reflects the contradictions of the naturalist ontology which stood out as thehegemonic conception of the relationships between humans and non-humans (Descola 2005). The argumentation is based on a critical analysis of the policies developed in a territory which is quite emblematic of naturalism, i.e. the Galapagos Archipelago in Ecuador. Being a founding place of natural sciences, it represents the most accomplished archetype of the figures (themselves very archetypical) of the laboratory-island or theconservatory-island. Since 1959, the Galapagos have been sheltering national park covering 97% of the land areas and since 1998 a marine reserve, which is among the largest in the world. As the best-preserved tropical archipelago on earth, it also is the place where the environment deteriorates most rapidly (Snell et al. 2002). The protected areas were used to develop a nature-based tourism leading to an increasing integration of the islands to the world-economy and the rest of the Ecuadorian territory, thus breaking up brutally the geographical isolation that was securing their ecological integrity (ibid.). Above all, tourism was the driving force of the demographic and economic growth, which led to a quick anthropization of populated enclaves and a deep change of the archipelago’s space. In other words, the Galapagos can be seen as a concentrate, in time and space, of the logics leading to the Anthropocene.Through the example of the Galapagos, the thesis deals with the environmental issues of our epoch in order to propose a renewed approach of geography. This discipline, originally founded as the science of the relationships between societies and their environment, was later victim of the great share between Nature and Culture, whichpresently expresses itself by conflicts between a naturalist geography and a geography about naturalism. The present research suggest an alternative way to such a dualism and sets down the bases of a geography of the Anthropocene, i.e. a joint study of the human marks on the earth and the narratives that stakeholders and societies produce about them. The first part successively tackles the role played by insular territories in building conservation policies, the progressive naturalization of the Galapagos and the theoretical and methodological framework conducting our analysis. The second part deals with the way the geographical opening threw the archipelago into the Anthropocene, thus challenging conservation policies. The third part shows how nature and the insular issues pertain to multiform and multiscalar logics, leading to the archipelization of the Galapagos
Büschges, Christian. "Familie, Ehre und Macht : Konzept und soziale Wirklichkeit des Adels in der Stadt Quito (Ecuador) während der späten Kolonialzeit, 1765-1822 /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36691538d.
Full textSantos, Ordonez Adriana P. "Accès aux marchés conditionnés par le financement de petits producteurs : cas du riz en Equateur." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARJ002/document.
Full textThe research analyzes the aspect of commercialization from the small producer perspective. According to the agricultural census, 80% of farms devoted to rice production are under 20 hectares, representing 50% of the total area occupied in rice production and generate 49% of the national total production (Chiriboga, 2008).Marketing systems are strongly linked to forms of financing, so that these mechanisms are named as an institutional trading system that allows to understand the close relationship between the actors that finance along the rice chain. In such an institutional system we observe how the act of exchange goes beyond economic term and creates a social structure of continuous and prolonged interaction.This way we can see how the economic action is embedded in the non-economic relations, institutions, and thus the exchange occurs in an institutionalized environment. The institutional system is characterized by rules, norms, conventions, trust, reciprocity, power and inequality.The aim of the thesis is to show how the small farmer faces the commercialization of its production conditioned by informal funding an institutional system that develops with the other actors in the rice value chain and determine if this system, characterized by the economic exchange in a non-economic social, which can generates benefits or losses to small farmers
Champaloux, Bernard. "L'espace social de la séropositivité en Equateur : organisation et pratiques de santé des personnes atteintes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32059.
Full textLópez, Medina Fausto. "Impacts environnementaux des activités pétrolières actuelles et passées sur la qualité des eaux en Equateur." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30063.
Full textSpills and discharges of solid and liquid residues caused by the oil industry in Ecuador have resulted in the presence of pollutants with a high content of hydrocarbons (PAHs and BTEX) and metal elements (salts), which are known for their acute and/or chronic toxicity. This study aims to assess the quality of the aquatic environment in three watersheds (Esmeraldas, Napo and Aguarico) in the extraction and refining zones in order to determine the level of environmental and human risk from different water sources. The sources analyzed are in compliance with environmental guidelines and are defined as "non-toxic". Pollution from oil activities is punctual. Urbanization and agriculture are also visualized as stress factors for water bodies. Human risk is mainly related to low water mineralization and in some cases to the presence of inorganic elements (Mn, As, Al and Zn)
Hidalgo, Silvana. "Les interactions entre magmas calco-alcalins "classiques" et adakitiques : exemple du complexe volcanique Atacazo-Ninahuilca (Equateur)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713684/document.
Full textMariniere, Judith. "Amélioration des modèles prédictifs de séismes pour le PSHA grâce aux données géodésiques : application en Equateur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU019.
Full textProbabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) relies on long-term earthquake forecasts, and ground-motion models. Up to now, geodetic data has been rather under-used in PSHA, although it provides unique and unprecedented information on the deformation rates of tectonic structures from local to regional scales. The aim of this PhD thesis is to improve earthquake recurrence models by quantitatively including the information derived from geodetic measurements, with an application to Ecuador, a country exposed both to shallow crustal earthquakes and megathrust subduction events. The second chapter presents the building of a probabilistic seismic hazard model for Ecuador, using historical and contemporary seismicity, recent knowledges about active tectonics, geodynamics, and geodesy. I contributed to this collective effort in two ways: 1) the building of earthquake catalogs from global seismic datasets; 2) the establishment of average slip rates on a set of simplified crustal faults, from GPS velocities. The hazard calculations led at the country scale indicate that uncertainties are largest for sites on the northern coast and along the faults in the Cordillera. The second chapter of this PhD focuses on the determination of the seismic potential of the Quito fault system. Quito city lies on the hanging wall of this ∼60-km-long reverse active fault, representing significant risks due to the high population density. We constrain the present-day strain accumulation associated with the fault system with GPS data and Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) analysis. 3-D spatially variable locking models show that a large part of the fault is presently experiencing shallow creep, hence reducing the energy available for future earthquakes, which has a significant impact for hazard calculation. In the third part of this PhD, we evaluate the ability of geodetic data to constrain earthquake recurrence models for the subduction zone in northern Ecuador. We quantify the annual rate of moment deficit accumulation at the interface using interseismic coupling models, and identify the uncertainties related to the conversion in terms of total seismic moment release. Based on a newly-developed earthquake catalog, we propose to establish recurrence models that match both the catalog-based seismicity rates and the geodetic moment budget. We set up a logic tree for exploring the uncertainties on the seismic rates and on the geodetic moment budget to be released in earthquakes. The exploration of the logic tree leads to a distribution of possible maximal magnitudes Mmax bounding the earthquake recurrence model; we extract only those models that lead to Mmax values compatible with the extent of the interface segment according to earthquake scaling laws. This new method allows 1) to identify which magnitude-frequency form is adapted for the Ecuadorian subduction; 2) to generate a distribution of moment-balanced recurrence models representative of uncertainties and propagate this uncertainty up to the uniform hazard spectra; and 3) to evaluate a range for the aseismic component of the slip on the interface. Considering the recent availability of massive quantity of geodetic data, this new approach could be used in other regions of the world to develop recurrence models consistent both with past seismicity and measured tectonic deformation
Ercole, Robert d'. "Vulnérabilité des populations face au risque volcanique : le cas de la région du volcan Cotopaxi (Equateur)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE19018.
Full textWe are proposing a study on the vulnerability of populations in the face of volcanic hazards primely based on the ecuadorian area case, mainly chosen because of its relation to the colombian catastrophe of nov. 13th 85 (e ruption of nevado del ruiz volcano). We aimed to a global approach of this vulnerability. The physical component of the risk doesn't make up an end in itself , but the first element of a research based on an investigation campain regarding mainly the human component, this latte r beeing generally put in low priority in preventive planification studies. The vulnerability factor weight varies upon the location, or the social group considered. However if the cognitive facto r (hazard perception and assessment of protection means) is far from beeing negligeable, it's mainly the economic, socia l, cultural and logistic factors that seem to influence the human behaviour in the event of an emergency situation. In spite of these constraints, research study tends to show that the so called "natural" risk is not a fatality, even in third world countries as long as there is a true political concern for it, backed up with the proper means of decision. In that view, particular effort has been put on the methodological aspects, and specially on a cartography that put int o light various types and levels of vulnerability of population exposed to the risk of cotopaxi volcano, elements that seems indispensable to be known before starting to get involved with preventive local actions
Pecot, Mathias. "La fonction sociale des acteurs juridiques « professionnels » aux marges des villes du Sud : cas de Guayaquil, Equateur." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100025/document.
Full textThe investigation is building upon a life project established between Ecuador and France. The doctoral thesis questions social legal work’s conditions in the ambit of Guayaquil’s informal human settlements’ territorialization -elsewhere known as “slums” or “taudis”-. The mention of economic, social, cultural or environnemental’s downfalls associated to legal practices’ development in forthcoming cities, the pointing out of ongoing discriminations, marginalization and traumas caused by legal malpractices does create, at first glimpse, an awkward feeling among the legal development practitioners’ community. Through a continued iteration between participative observation, fieldworks and legal endeavor’s theory, the doctoral thesis develops epistemological and methodological backgrounds in order to better situate legal work in city peripheries of the South. Means to renew our understandings of marginal urban contexts, on the one hand, and to reevaluate the social function of legal practices, on the other, are the principal outcomes of our research work. The fieldwork coincided, otherwise, with the investiture of the “Revolucion ciudadana government”. Hence, the thesis does offer some bottom-up insights on the becomings of legal and political reforms in the aftermaths of the “Buen vivir” Ecuadorian Constitution’adoption
Rivard, Gilles. "Les lieux centraux à l'intérieur d'un front pionnier : le cas de la province du Napo en Equateur." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4769.
Full textRiel, Nicolas. "Anomalie thermique et sous-placage en zone d'avant-arc : exemple du massif Triasique de El Oro, Equateur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771736.
Full textPoloni-Simard, Jacques. "Indianité et métissages : la dynamique de la société indienne du corregimiento de Cuenca (Equateur) XVIe-XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0026.
Full textThesis analysies the processes of transformation of the indian society of the corregimiento of cuenca (ecuador) on the eve of the conquest to 18th century, from organized in three parts : 1533-1620, 1620-1680 and 1680-1780. It proposes three models of recomposition in function of the different contrasts of the local colonial economy, of the indian demography, of the evolution of the relation between dominants and dominates. It studies forms and actors of indian participation to colonial economy, measures social differenciation's degree and sets on the diversity of the social conditions, as urban as rural. Looking for surrounding question of indian identity at the same time as process of the mestizo culture, it informs individual and collectiv strategies, dynamics of samll peasantry, cacis and town's common people, seeing that defense of community's ideal or the integration of a mestizo model
Pedoja, Kevin. "Les terrasses marines de la marge Nord Andine (Equateur et Nord Pérou) : relations avec le contexte géodynamique." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066253.
Full textAmortegui, Vera Andrea Ekaterina. "Nature et évolution metamorphiques des terrains océaniques en Equateur; Conséquences possibles sur la genèse des magmas adakitiques." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10084.
Full textEcuador is located along the north-western margin of South American. From east to west, comprise three principal geological domains: 1. The Orient basin: represent the foreland basin of the Andean orogeny. 2. The Andean Cordillera: consist of two cordillera separated by inter Andean valley; the orient (arcs magmatic) and western (exotic terrains) cordillera. 3. The coastal zone: is made of accreted oceanic terranes. The geology of Ecuador is very different from that of the Cordillera Andes, by the presence of accreted oceanic terranes. The build-up of the Andean range is linked to the subduction of the Pacific lithosphere beneath the South American plate since the lower Jurassic. The processes of the Andean orogeny change from south to the north of the range. While continental crustal shortening predominates in the central Andes, accretion and under-plating of exotic oceanic terranes (oceanic plateaus and island arcs) occurred in the north and likely form the crustal root of the northern Andes today. Several crustal fragments of oceanic plateaus overlain by island arcs accreted to the passive margin of Ecuador between ~ 80 and 40 Ma and presently crop out in the Western Cordillera. Later, from the Late Eocene - Early Oligocene, a continent-based arc developed first in the Western Cordillera and then, farther east. Since the Oligocene, dextral transpressive kilometer-scale-faults affected the accreted oceanic terranes and provoked the exhumation of magmatic and metamorphic rocks. This study aims to determine the origin and thermodynamic evolution of these exhumed metabasites. The Western Cordillera from Ecuador consists of Cretaceous crustal fragments of oceanic plateaus and associated insular arcs accreted to the north-western South American margin during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. Slices of amphibolites, granulites, garnet meta-sediments, lherzolites, pyroxenites, harzburgites, gabbros and basalts are exposed along Miocene to Recent transcurrent faults. The tonalite rocks are present too. This intrusive shows adakite melts characteristics. Foliated amphibolites are formed of Mg-rich hornblende + bytownite + magnetite ± quartz. Their major and trace element chemistry is similar to that of oceanic plateau basalts (flat REE patterns, La/Nb = 0. 86) or cumulate gabbros. Granulites are formed of Ca-rich plagioclase (An55-75) + enstatite + diopside + quartz and share with oceanic plateaus similar trace element chemistry (flat REE patterns, La/Nb < 1) and Ndi values (+7. 6). Garnet meta-sediments are formed of chlorite + quartz + muscovite + garnet. Their major traces present depletion of heavy REE (La/Y = 4. 8) and negative anomaly of Eu. The foliated lherzolites and clinopyroxenites consist of serpentinized olivine + cpx + opx ± Ca-plagioclase. The trace element abundances of the ultramafic rocks are very low (0. 1 to 1 times the chondritic and primitive mantle values). Lherzolites and clinopyroxenites are LREE depleted with positive Eu anomalies while the harzburgite displays an U-shaped REE pattern. The geochemical features of the ultramafic rocks are similar to those of depleted mantle. The basalts (Cpx, plagioclase, Ti-magnetite) show geochemical characteristics of oceanic plateau basalts (flat REE patterns La/Nb = 0. 85). The gabbros (Ca-rich plagioclase + enstatite + diopside) differ from the basalts by lower REE levels, positive Eu anomalies and Nb and Ta marked negative anomalies. The acid intrusives are formed of zoned phenocryst plagioclase and amphibole. The matrix is very silicic. The REE pattern is very depleted (La/Y = 7. 6) and the relationship between Sr and Y is very high (Sr/Y = 72. 8). This indicates adakite melts According to the equilibrated mineralogical phases and also to the preliminary thermobarometic results rocks, are deformed in between 630° to 850° at relatively low pressure (6-9 kbars). Thus, these rocks likely represent the metamorphosed remnants of the accreted oceanic crustal fragments and associated depleted mantle that form presently the roots of the Ecuadorian Andean Ranges. Also, the presence of Miocene tonalite with adakite features supports the hypothesis that the partial melting of oceanic fragments accreted and under-plated plays an import role in the genesis of adakites. This constitutes an alternative to the model that attributes the origin of recent adakites of Ecuador to a flat subduction or to the ridge of Carnegie fusion
Hidalgo, Sylvana. "Les intéractions entre magmas calco-alcalins "classiques" et adakitiques [Ressource électronique] : exemple du complexe volcanique Atacazo-Ninahuilca (Equateur)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713684.
Full textEychenne, Julia. "Budgets éruptifs et origine des paroxysmes explosifs andésitiques en système ouvert : l'éruption d'août 2006 du Tungurahua en Equateur." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741974.
Full textFauroux, Emmanuel. "Le Pouvoir à Loja (Equateur) au vingtième siècle : une oligarchie foncière face a la montée des contre-pouvoirs." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10014.
Full textOwing to the extrem isolation which caracterized the region of Loja at the end of the xixth century, a "micro oligarchy" succeeded to build up a very homogeneous and efficient local power system based on very large landed "hacienda" type estates. From the very last years of the xixth century onwards, that kind of local power was confronted with various types of local power connected with the new social directives imposed by the liberal state, the rise of the middleclass and the emergence of an increasingly dificult to control urban population. Before the end of the sixties, at the cost of certain adjustments, the loja micro-oligarchy had succeeded to restore its situation each time it had been threatened and to keep the essential of its prerogatives. From the seventies onwards, all the traditional systems of production in the region were depressed by several converging factors : the worsening drought and an agrarian reformation which particularly affected the big estates. The previous local ruling class has lost its land based status and split under historical and political events. As an organized social group, it has no more existence even if some of its members have individually managed to keep some local power
Marcaillou, Boris. "Régimes tectoniques et thermiques de la marge Nord Equateur-Sud Colombie (0°-3,5°N) - : implications sur la sismogenèse." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066551.
Full textManciati, Carla J. "Modélisation de l'interaction surface – souterrain du système aquifère Tumbaco - Cumbayá en Equateur, avec une approche hydrodynamique et géochimique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20086/document.
Full textThe Tumbaco – Cumbayá aquifer is found in the context of volcano-sedimentary aquifers. This aquifer is located in the Interandean Valley, 15 km to the east of Quito. The principal aquifer is the volcano-sedimentary formation Chiche. It is limited by the Chiche and San Pedro rivers, the Quito fault and the Pasochoa volcano. The Ilaló volcano is in the middle of the study zone and constitutes a second essentially volcanic aquifer, and is therefore subject to geothermal influences. This volcanic formation appears to be below the Chiche formation. The geologic layer on the surface is called Cangahua, it covers the entire zone and is impermeable. The exploitation of the Chiche and Ilaló aquifers was theoretically suspended in 2006, when arsenic concentrations > the WHO standard of 10 microg/l were found. Our objective is to improve the knowledge of the functioning of this aquifer system using three main research methods: i) hydrodynamics, ii) geochemistry and iii) stable isotopes, 18O - 2H, and radioactive isotopes, 3H - 14C.Hydrodynamics showed that the aquifer system has a low seasonality. We revealed that the aquifers are currently exploited for industrial and domestic uses, contrary to what was known at the beginning. The Ilaló volcano divides the south and north parts of the Chiche aquifer, with the volcano apparently acting as a hydraulic barrier for flows. The Chiche and San Pedro rivers are the drainage axes of the Chiche aquifer in the north and south.The analyses of the waters' physical parameters differentiated the two aquifers, Chiche aquifer having lower EC and temperature than the Ilaló aquifer. Major ions analysis revealed waters that vary between Mg-HCO3 pole and a Na-HCO3 pole in both the Chiche and Ilaló aquifers. As concentrations are higher in the Ilaló aquifer than in the Chiche aquifer. In the Chiche aquifer, As concentrations also decrease as the distance from the volcano increases. Arsenic is of natural origin, but no significant correlations were found for the Chiche aquifer. In the Ilaló aquifer a 57% correlation with Fe was found, which suggests an interaction between As and Fe oxides present in the geologic formation.Radioactive isotope 3H was not detected in groundwater from either aquifer, except in one spring in the north of the study area in the Chiche formation. The likely infiltration from recent waters was confirmed by 14C analysis this spring, which showed concentrations > 100 pmc. Other sampling points in the Chiche aquifer have 14C activities between 45.4 - 87.4 pmc. The Ilaló aquifer has 14C activities < 20 pmc. Water ages were calculated and corrected using 13C, which reveal a contamination from geogenic CO2, making water seem older than it is in reality. Despite the age correction, groundwater ages remain very old: Chiche groundwaters are between 400 - 4,000 years old and Ilaló groundwaters are between 11,000 - 44,000 years old. Stable isotopes were used to identify recharge areas. Groundwaters from Chiche aquifer show an isotopic 18O and 2H signature below the Local Meteoric Water Line (slope=3.5). This was interpreted as isotopic fractionation from hot rock and water interactions, which was not observed in the Ilaló aquifer. Recharge altitude calculations show that the Chiche aquifer is fed on the Ilaló and Pasochoa volcano piedmonts, if we consider that climatic conditions over the recharge period are close to current conditions. However, for the Ilaló aquifer, recharge areas appear to be located on the flanks of the volcano, assuming colder recharge climatic conditions than today. This recharge area should no longer be functional because of the Cangahua deposits during the last volcanic events.Results suggest that Ilaló groundwaters are being mixed with Chiche groundwaters. This research is the first to have been done with this level of detail in Ecuador on this type of aquifer and will provide new opportunities for projects in others volcano-sedimentary aquifers in the country
Guerrero, Zurita Grace. "Dynamique territoriale dans les petits cantons en Equateur : Etude comparative de 4 cantons de 20000 à 50000 habitants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALH003.
Full textThe thesis examines the territorial dynamics of four small cantons of Ecuador with populations ranging from 20,000 to 50,000 people. There is a great disparity between cantons in the country; small cantons generate little production and are the poorest ones. Consequently, research into the factors that cause territorial dynamics in small cantons and can enhance territorial development processes is crucial.Two coastal cantons (Jama and Montalvo) and two highlands’ cantons (Cotacachi and Baños) were researched. The cantons were selected from a total of 221, based on their rate of population growth between the 2001 and 2010 censuses: Two surpass the national average in terms of population growth, two have slower growth rates than the national average. The territories have significant differences in terms of their economic and institutional conditions.The study of territorial dynamics is an understudied topic in cantonal planning processes, despite its importance in each canton's distinctive territorial development commitment. This absence gave rise to the following research question: What are the factors that might explain disparities in territorial development dynamics in small cantons?And the hypothesis: The factors that explain differences in territorial development dynamics in small cantons include demographic, economic, and related to the importance of small cities, social capital, and institutionality.As a conclusion, the four factors generate distinct dynamics in the cantons. Complexity is an appropriate framework for the study of territories because of the linkages of numerous factors that result in distinct territorial dynamics. According to this perspective, territories are complex systems which in turn, links factor subsystems. Finding the factors that stimulate these dynamics - unique to each territory - allows for the implementation of developmental efforts that break the cycle of poverty and depopulation.The interdependence of the studied four factors reflects the transformations and changes that imply the well-being of the inhabitants of the territory. The factors studied interact with one another; the economic sector has an impact on the demographic factor, population growth and migration; the small city plays a role in the generation of an economic and social dynamic of the territory and is essential within it because it dynamizes markets, functions, institutions, flows of goods and services, trade, installed infrastructure, and cultural activities; and the rural-urban relationship determines a conformation that influences the economic dynamics; finally, social capital explain dynamics of territorial development in just one canton.This is a mixed-methods study that allows the researcher to investigate several territorial issues within small cantons, using not only a quantitative approach but also appreciating the perspectives of the population, forming a triangle, and meeting various interests and representations
Ordonez, Charpentier Angelica. ""Les histoires vraies ne sont pas toujours racontées" : l'émigration transnationale à Peguche, Equateur et la fête du Pawkar Raymi." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0035.
Full textThis dissertation examines transnational migration and its local effects. This study case focuses on a kichwa otavalo group -- the most powerful indigenous community in the Ecuadorian political and economic arena. Kichwa Otavalo textile, commercial and translocal traditions illustrate how complex the effects are of ethnic communities moving globally. In spite of some mainstream interpretations, which seek migration as a homogenizing mechanism, the case of kichwa otavalo indigenous group evidences the creation process of new traditions. Furthermore, this dissertation explores major issues such as: the reaffirmation of rituals and history, the conflict between different generations, the breakdown of kinship ties, the redefinition of ethnic scenarios in the local realm, and the symbolic reorganization of collective imaginaries
Dujardin, Jean-Rémi. "Imagerie géoradar (GPR) en milieu hétérogène : application aux failles actives en Mongolie et aux dépôts pyroclastiques du Tungurahua (Equateur)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH008/document.
Full textGeoradar is a high frequency (>10MHz) electromagnetic method used to prospect near surface. When a topography is present, GPR images are distorted. To restore the true geometry of reflexions, we coded an migration algorithm which takes the topography into account. The method is first demonstrate on a simple synthetic model, and then succesfully applied on real data. However, migration algorithms bring noise to the data. Two methods have then been tested to avoid and remove it. The first one is inherent to the migration algorithm and reduce what is called operator's aliasing. The second one is a filter re-interpolating traces based on a profile containing the slope. Both methods remove inconsistent noise when used with caution, but decrease their quality when used with excess: reflexions presenting dip are the first to be deteriorated, as well as reflexions below strong topography. In a second chapter, we successfully used GPR in a paleo-sismology context in Mongolia. The use of two frequencies (50 and 500 MHz) as well as comparison with trenches bring complementaries informations on the geometry and possible offset along two faults. In the last chapter, GPR was tested over pyroclastic deposits from the Tungurahua volcano in Ecuador. Again, the combination of several frequencies (250, 500 and 800 MHz) has proven its efficiency. Main units were obvious with the 250 MHz antenna while the inner architecture of deposits was visible with the 500 and 800 MHz antenna
Martínez, Godoy Diego. "Agriculture contractuelle et déterritorialisation dans les Andes Equatoriennes. Le cas d’une communauté paysanne au pied du volcan Cayambe - Equateur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA033.
Full textBeneficiaries of land reform, indigenous communities located at the foot of Cayambe volcano are witness for almost two decades of territorial changes caused by theexpansion of the agro-industrial activity. Indeed, contract farming which considers smalls rural producers within the dairy production lines of several food industries, is the dominant model in the region. This kind of farming also promotes the reduction of production costs and the risks for the capitalist enterprises operating on the territory. Nevertheless, family farms would face a growing process of desterritorialisation that is increasing with the consolidation of agribusiness power and threatening to Andean community traditions, which are however vital in the process of the territorial construction and reconstruction. Are there still differentiated responses levels of family farmers to face to territorial changes and production-driven strategies led by agribusiness in the Ecuadorian Andes?