Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Équation de diffusion'
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Schmitt, Didier. "Existence globale ou explosion pour les systèmes de réaction-diffusion avec contrôle de masse." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10283.
Full textHayek, Mohamed. "Identification de paramètres par approche inverse pour une équation de diffusion." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13060.
Full textNumerous processes modeled by partial differential equations, particularly the spatially-distributed ones, need parameters that are a priori unknown. Most of these parameters cannot be measured directly due to prohibitive costs or because the relevant scale of measure is unknown or incompatible with the addressed problem. In this general framework, inverse approaches become a key step to clever modeling. This work revisits the inverse problem and atavistic difficulties associated with spatially distributed models. From both theoretical and numerical standpoints, a major difficulty is to define the parameter space in which a solution is sought. This definition, also referred to as parameterization if commonly handled by means of sub-areas of the modeled domain over which the parameter is constant in each zone but different between zones. Then two possibilities arise : in the first-one, the geometry of the sub-areas is predefined, in the second-one, the zoning is an unknown of the inverse problem. The second way has been explored in this work and an algorithm has been developed using "refining indicators" to design the geometry as well as the parameter value in each zone. A new form of indicator is also developed to reduce computation costs
Attouchi, Amal. "Etude qualitative des équations de Hamilton-Jacobi avec diffusion non linéaire." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132022/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of qualitative properties of solutions of an evolution equation of Hamilton-Jacobi type with a p-Laplacian diffusion. It is mainly concerned with the study of the effect of the non-linear diffusion on the gradient blow-up phenomenon. The main issues we are studying are: local existence and uniqueness, regularity, spatial profile of gradient blow-up and localization of the singularities. We provide examples where the gradient blow-up set is reduced to a single point. In Chapter 4, a viscosity solution approachis used to extend the blowing-up solutions beyond the singularities and an ergodic problem is also analyzed in order to study their long time behavior. In the penultimate chapter, we address the question of boundedness of global solutions to the one-dimensional problem. In the last chapter we prove a local in space, gradient estimate and we use it to obtain a Liouville-type theorem
Laamri, El Haj. "Existence globale pour des systèmes de réaction-diffusion dans L**(1)." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10164.
Full textStoimenov, Stoimen. "Analyse des symétries d'espace-temps dans les systèmes vieillissants." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10106.
Full textThe slow dynamics observed in ferromagnetic systems rapidly quenched from a disordered initial state into its low-temperature ordered phase is characterized by the breaking of time-translation invariance and by dynamical scaling. Since the dynamical exponent generically has the value z=2 in this situation, the natural candidates for extended dynamical scale-transformation are the elements of the Schrödinger group Sch(d). A reformulation in terms of stochastic field-theory shows that the symmetries of the system, described by a stochastic Langevin equation, can be obtained from the consideration of the deterministic part of that equation, which is a non-linear partial differential equation. It follows that the form of the response functions can be derived from the hypothesis of their covariant transformation under local scale-transformations. The explicit construction of non-linear diffusion equations which are invariant under the Lie algebra schd of the Schrödinger group or else is subalgebra aged which is obtained when time-translations are excluded, requires the introduction of a new dimensionful variable, related to a physical coupling constant g. Constructing new representations of the sch1 and age1 containing g, new non-linear equations with real-valued solutions are obtained, which are Schrödinger- and not only Galilei-invariant. The resulting expression for the response function is derived. Applications to Bose-Einstein condensation and the slow kinetics of strongly interacting particle systems are discussed. A different route uses the embedding of sch1 as an (almost) parabolic subalgebra of the conformal algebra (conf3)C by considering the `mass' not as a constant, but as an additional variable. Invariant equations are classified and are compared to the coarse-grained equations for the time-dependent order-parameter in phase-ordering kinetics. Finally alt1, an other parabolic subalgebra, is studied as abstract Lie algebra. Its representation are discussed, as well as Appel system realization on coherent states
Allali, Karam. "Analyse et simulation numérique des problèmes de réaction-diffusion avec hydrodynamique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10118.
Full textMartzel, Nicolas. "Diffusion de particules classiques en interaction : équation de Fokker-Planck en champ moyen." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066553.
Full textPausader, Benoît. "Problèmes bien posés et diffusion pour des équations non linéaires dispersives d'ordre quatre." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CERG0361.
Full textChasseigne, Emmanuel. "Contribution à la théorie des traces pour des équations paraboliques quasi-linéaires." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4041.
Full textSabouri, Dodaran Amir Abbas. "Transition isolant-métal du Rb4C60 : équation d'état et structure électronique." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066297.
Full textBouhours, Juliette. "Équation de réaction-diffusion en milieux hétérogènes : persistence, propagation et effet de la géométrie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070608.
Full textBonart, Julius. "Phase transitions and diffusion in dissipative classical and quantum systems." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066591.
Full textThis thesis is structured around three main chapters. In the first chapter I present new results which have been obtained for the out-of-equilibrium critical S\phi^4S-theory. Its dynamics are described by a Langevin equation driven by a colored noise. The temporal correlation of this noise features a power-law decrease which is governed by a certain exponent S\alphaS. It turns out that there exists a crossover S\alpha_cS which depends on the dimension SDS of the system and separates the S(\alpha, D)S-plane into a region where the color of the noise alters the critical behaviour and a region where the color is non relevant. I also discuss the scaling bahaviour of the non equilibrium correlation functions. In the second chapter I introduce a path integral formalism to describe non equilibrium quantum Brownian motion. I present the results which have been obtained during my PhD on the evolution of the non equilibrium correlation functions after a quantum quench. The third part of my thesis focuses on the impurity diffusion in one-dimensional quantum liquids which are commonly called Luttinger liquids. After an introductory part which covers the main issues related to such a system, I present a novel description of the impurity dynamics in the case where an external trapping potential is present. The non-homogeneous density profile of the Luttinger liquid then strongly influences on the impurity dynamics in a fascinating way. Such systems are currently being studied in cold atoms experiments
Bénisti, Didier. "Validité de l'équation de diffusion en dynamique hamiltonienne." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11038.
Full textFakhreddine, Khaled. "Contribution à la théorie de collision : résolution d'un système d'équations radiales couplées de Schrodinger par la méthode des fonctions canoniques." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10008.
Full textHajj, Chehade Hana. "Contribution aux problèmes de diffusion non linéaire en hydrologie." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0103.
Full textIn this thesis, we model the interface (sharp interface) that exists naturally between sea water and fresh water in a homogenous confined coastal aquifer. We prove existence and uniqueness of some radial solutions. We consider then a fully nonlinear parabolic problem that generalizes the interface problem and prove a priori gradient estimates. Many applications are given such that the porous medium problem and the doubly nonlinear diffusion problem. For the last problem, we present too the self similar solutions and verify then the gradient estimates. Finally, we study existence of travelling waves for the interface equation with some source term
Seck, Ousmane. "Sur un modèle de diffusion non linéaire en dynamique des populations." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10162.
Full textGobin, Damien. "Étude de problèmes de diffusion inverse à énergie fixée pour des variétés asymptotiquement hyperboliques." Nantes, 2016. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=19e4187d-f072-4f00-a81c-f636386c7d24.
Full textWe study inverse scattering problems at fixed energy for different geometries with more or less symmetries. First, we obtain a local inverse scattering result at fixed energy for the massless and chargeless Dirac equation on asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds with spherical symmetry. In a second chapter, we are interested in Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black holes which are spherically symmetric and electrically charged solutions of the Einstein equation. We then obtain an inverse scattering result at fixed energy for the massive and charged Dirac equation. Finally, we are interested in Stäckel manifolds of dimension three with the topology of a toric cylinder, satisfying the Robertson condition and endowed with an asymptotically hyperbolic structure. On these manifolds we use the variable separation theory for the Helmholtz equation and a multivariable version of the method of Complexification of the Angular Momentum in order to obtain an inverse scattering result at fixed energy
Dupuy-Frank. "Ambigui͏̈tés dans la diffusion des ondes élastiques dans l'approximation de Helmholtz." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20089.
Full textMichel, Laurent. "Asymptotiques semi-classiques de l'amplitude de diffusion pour des perturbations captives." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12516.
Full textTa, Thi nguyet nga. "Sub-gradient diffusion equations." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0137/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of evolution problems where the dynamic is governed by sub-gradient diffusion operator. We are interest in two kind of evolution problems. The first problem is governed by local operator of Leray-Lions type with a bounded domain. In this problem, the operator is maximal monotone and does not satisfied the standard polynomial growth control condition. Typical examples appears in the study of non-Neutonian fluid and also in the description of sub-gradient flows dynamics. To study the problem we handle the equation in the context of nonlinear PDE with singular flux. We use the theory of tangential gradient to characterize the state equation that gives the connection between the flux and the gradient of the solution. In the stationary problem, we have the existence of solution, we also get the equivalence between the initial minimization problem, the dual problem and the PDE. In the evolution one, we provide the existence, uniqueness of solution and the contractions. The second problem is governed by a discrete operator. We study the discrete evolution equation which describe the process of collapsing sandpile. This is a typical example of Self-organized critical phenomena exhibited by a critical slop. We consider the discrete evolution equation where the dynamic is governed by sub-gradient of indicator function of the unit ball. We begin by establish the model, we prove existence and uniqueness of the solution. Then by using dual arguments we study the numerical computation of the solution and we present some numerical simulations
Daudé, Thierry. "Sur la théorie de la diffusion pour des champs de Dirac dans divers espaces-temps de la relativité générale." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12908.
Full textSchiavi, Simona. "Homogenized and analytical models for the diffusion MRI signal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX083/document.
Full textDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an imaging modality that probes the diffusion characteristics of a sample via the application of magnetic field gradient pulses. More specifically, it encodes water displacement due to diffusion and is then a powerful tool to obtain information on the tissue microstructure. The signal measured by the MRI scanner is a mean-value measurement in a physical volume, called a voxel, whose size, due to technical reasons, is much larger than the scale of the microscopic variations of the cellular structure. It follows that the microscopic components of the tissues are not visible at the spatial resolution of dMRI. Rather, their geometric features are aggregated into the macroscopic signal coming from the voxels. An important quantity measured in dMRI in each voxel is the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and it is well-established from imaging experiments that, in the brain, in-vivo, the ADC is dependent on the diffusion time. There is a large variety (phenomenological, probabilistic, geometrical, PDE based model, etc.) of macroscopic models for ADC in the literature, ranging from simple to complicated. Indeed, each of these models is valid under a certain set of assumptions. The goal of this thesis is to derive simple (but sufficiently sound for applications) models starting from fine PDE modelling of diffusion at microscopic scale using homogenization techniques.In a previous work, the homogenized FPK model was derived starting from the Bloch-Torrey PDE equation under the assumption that membrane's permeability is small and diffusion time is large. We first analyse this model and establish a convergence result to the well known K{"a}rger model as the magnetic pulse duration goes to 0. In that sense, our analysis shows that the FPK model is a generalisation of the K{"a}rger one for the case of arbitrary duration of the magnetic pulses. We also give a mathematically justified new definition of the diffusion time for the K{"a}rger model (the one that provides the highest rate of convergence).The ADC for the FPK model is time-independent which is not compatible with some experimental observations. Our goal next is to correct this model for small so called $b$-values so that the resulting homogenised ADC is sensitive to both the pulses duration and the diffusion time. To achieve this goal, we employed a similar homogenization technique as for FPK, but we include a suitable time and gradient intensity scalings for the range of considered $b$-values. Numerical simulations show that the derived asymptotic new model provides a very accurate approximation of the dMRI signal at low $b$-values. We also obtain some analytical approximations (using short time expansion of surface potentials for the heat equation and eigenvalue decompositions) of the asymptotic model that yield explicit formulas of the time dependency of ADC. Our results are in concordance with classical ones in the literature and we improved some of them by accounting for the pulses duration.Finally we explored the inverse problem of determining qualitative information on the cells volume fractions from measured dMRI signals. While finding sphere distributions seems feasible from measurement of the whole dMRI signal, we show that ADC alone would not be sufficient to obtain this information
Picaut, Judicaël. "Modélisation des champs diffus par une équation de diffusion : application à l'acoustique des salles et à l'acoustique urbaine." Le Mans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEMA1003.
Full textAyyadi, Asma El. "Couplage des modèles classique-quantique. Simulation de la diode à effet tunnel." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0026.
Full textThe principal objective of this work of thesis is to deal with the problem of coupling macroscopic fluid models (namely the Drift-Diffusion model) with quantum models (namely the Schrödinger equation) for those semiconductor devices where quantum effects play an important role only in a (small) portion of the domain. The hybrid classic-quantum models derived here are then coupled self-consistently with Poisson equation on the whole domain. The starting point for deducing the interface conditions is the kinetic-quantum coupling studied by Ben Abdallah ('98). The interface conditions are obtained with a diffusion limiting process. Second order interface conditions incorporating kinetic boundary layer corrections are derived. Two analytical formulae for the extrapolation coefficient appearing in the second order interface conditions, are proposed : the first one is based on the approximation of the albedo operator and the second one is an iteration procedure first introduced by Golse-Klar ('95). Resonant tunnelling diodes are simulated for two test cases of the results of the literature and the model shows good performance. Chapter 3 contains the extension of the results of the previous chapter to the case of Fermi-Dirac statistics and it follows the same structure. In the chapter 4 collisions are included in the quantum model via the Pauli equation. Appropriate interface conditions are deduced. Chapter 5 deals with the time dependant case with Boltzmann statistics
Debussche, Arnaud. "Quelques problèmes concernant le comportement pour les grands temps des équations d'évolution dissipatives." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112318.
Full textIn this work, we consider the long time behaviour of dissipative evolution equations. More precisely we study the existence of attracting sets such as attactors and inertial manifolds. In the first part, we describe a general method to construct inertial manifolds for a nonlinear parabolic equation. We obtain an existence theorem under the same type of assumptions as the methods that already exist. Our method is based on the resolution of a hyperbolic partial differentiai equation (the Sacker's equation) such that the graph of its solution is a positively invariant manifold. The second part is devoted to the existence of approximate inertial manifolds. These are substitute to inertial manifolds when their existence is not known. We prove in two cases (the reaction diffusion equation and the Cahn-Hilliard equation) the existence of an infinite family of approximate inertial manifolds with increasing order of approximation. Our method is general and can be applied to other equations. Finally, in the third part, we study a singular perturbation of the Cahn-Hilliard equation in space dimension one obtained by adding a second order derivative intime whose coefficient E is small. We prove the existence of attractors for the perturbed equation. Moreover, the Haussdorf semi distance from these attractors to the attractor of the unperturbed equation converges to zero when E goes to zero
Konukoğlu, Ender. "Modeling glioma growth and personalizing growth models in medical images." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4000.
Full textMathematical models and more specifically reaction-diffusion based models have been widely used in the literature for modeling the growth of brain gliomas and tumors in general. Besides the vast amount of research focused on microscopic and biological experiments, recently models have started integrating medical images in their formulations. By including the geometry of the brain and the tumor, the different tissue structures and the diffusion images, models are able to simulate the macroscopic growth observable in the images. Although generic models have been proposed, methods for adapting these models to individual patient images remain an unexplored area. In this thesis we address the problem of “personalizing mathematical tumor growth models”. We focus on reaction-diffusion models and their applications on modeling the growth of brain gliomas. As a first step, we propose a method for automatic identification of patient-specific model parameters from series of medical images. Observing the discrepancies between the visualization of gliomas in MR images and the reaction-diffusion models, we derive a novel formulation for explaining the evolution of the tumor delineation. This “modified anisotropic Eikonal model” is later used for estimating the model parameters from images. Thorough analysis on synthetic dataset validates the proposed method theoretically and also gives us insights on the nature of the underlying problem. Preliminary results on real cases show promising potentials of the parameter estimation method and the reaction-diffusion models both for quantifying tumor growth and also for predicting future evolution of the pathology. Following the personalization, we focus on the clinical application of such patient-specific models. Specifically, we tackle the problem of limited visualization of glioma infiltration in MR images. The images only show a part of the tumor and mask the low density invasion. This missing information is crucial for radiotherapy and other types of treatment. We propose a formulation for this problem based on the patient-specific models. In the analysis we also show the potential benefits of such the proposed method for radiotherapy planning. The last part of this thesis deals with numerical methods for anisotropic Eikonal equations. This type of equation arises in both of the previous parts of this thesis. Moreover, such equations are also used in different modeling problems, computer vision, geometrical optics and other different fields. We propose a numerical method for solving anisotropic Eikonal equations in a fast and accurate manner. By comparing it with a state-of-the-art method we demonstrate the advantages of our technique
Ding, Weiwei. "Propagation phenomena of integro-difference equations and bistable reaction-diffusion equations in periodic habitats." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4737.
Full textThis dissertation is concerned with propagation phenomena of some evolution equations in periodic habitats. The main results consist of the following two parts. In the first part, we investigate the spatial spreading phenomena of some spatially periodic integro-difference equations. Firstly, we establish a general theory on the existence of spreading speeds for noncompact evolution systems, under the hypothesis that the linearized systems have principal eigenvalues. Secondly, we introduce the notion of uniform irreducibility for finite Radon measures on the circle. It is shown that, any generalized convolution operator generated by such a measure admits a principal eigenvalue. Finally, applying the above general theories, we prove the existence of spreading speeds for some integro-difference equations with uniformly irreducible dispersal kernels. In the second part, we study the front propagation phenomena of spatially periodic reaction-diffusion equations with bistable nonlinearities. Firstly, we focus on the propagation solutions in the class of pulsating fronts. It is proved that, under various assumptions on the reaction terms, pulsating fronts exist when the spatial period is small or large. We also characterize the sign of the front speeds and we show the global exponential stability of the pulsating fronts with nonzero speed. Secondly, we investigate the propagation solutions in the larger class of transition fronts. It is shown that, under suitable assumptions, transition fronts are reduced to pulsating fronts with nonzero speed. But we also prove the existence of new types of transition fronts which are not pulsating fronts
Botet, Robert. "Formation d'agrégats fractals par collage d'amas en diffusion : simulations numériques et théorie." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112289.
Full textFoy, Cédric. "Simulation de l’acoustique intérieure d’un bâtiment par la résolution numérique d’une équation de diffusion : introduction de la diffusivité aux parois." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS203.
Full textThe present study deals with the development of an acoustical prediction model for optimizing the arrangement of enclosures inside buildings. Our approach is based on a diffusion model, which basic assumption is that the diffusely reflective walls of the enclosure generate an energy diffusion process. The aim of this work is to integrate the mixed specular/diffuse reflection phenomenon at the walls into this model. First of all, attempt is made to find a relation between the diffusion process and the mean free path in the enclosure, in order to obtain an expression of the diffusion constant as a function of the scattering coefficient and the room’s shape. As this approach does not out to be appropriate, we propose to simulate the mixed specular/diffuse reflections by means of an empirical diffusion constant, obtained by adjusting the diffusions-based results with results given by a ray tracing approach. This approach is successful in most cases, except for long rooms with specular reflections. A hybrid model, coupling the diffusion model with the image-source model is then developed; the coupling is realised through the intensities via the scattering coefficient. Last, experimental validations show the good behaviour of the developed models. Particularly, the diffusion/image-source hybrid model allows satisfying predictions, both in terms of sound level and reverberation time (with a short calculation time), which can not be achieved by using the ray tracing method
Maach, Fatna. "Existence pour des systèmes de réaction-diffusion ou quasi linéaires avec loi de balance." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10121.
Full textFiszka, Christophe. "Diffusion et localisation de l'opérateur de Schrödinger à potentiel quasi-périodique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC023.
Full textMelnyk, Fabrice. "Diffusion d'un champ de Dirac chargé dans un espace-temps de type (De Sitter-) Reissner-Nordstrøm et son application à l'effet Hawking." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12604.
Full textFaure, Olivier. "Simulation du mouvement brownien et des diffusions." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523258.
Full textIdelon-Riton, Guillaume. "Sur la théorie de la diffusion pour l'équation de Dirac massive en espace-temps Schwarzschild-Anti-de Sitter." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM094/document.
Full textDevelop a time dependent scattering theory for the massive Dirac equation on Schwarzshild-Anti-de Sitter spacetime then study resonances for this system. Depending on difficulties encountered, we could generalize this to Kerr-Anti-de Sitter. We'll try to give a precise mathematically rigorous description of the Hawking effect either in the the Schwarzschil-Anti-de Sitter or the Kerr-Anti-de Sitter setting
Mollard, Adeline. "Méthodes de caractéristiques multi-niveaux en espace et en temps pour une équation de convection-diffusion : Cas d'une approximation pseudo-spectrale." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0036.
Full textDinar, Senouci. "Etude des bifurcations d'une équation non autonome de Duffing-Rayleigh et d'un modulateur MICDIF." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30175.
Full textFerrieres, Xavier. "Résolution numérique d'un problème inverse en biologie cellulaire : estimation du coefficient de diffusion et de dimérisation via une équation parabolique non linéaire." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT086H.
Full textBompis, Romain. "Stochastic expansion for the diffusion processes and applications to option pricing." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/95/15/10/PDF/ThesisRomainBompis.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the approximation of the expectation of a functional (possibly depending on the whole path) applied to a diffusion process (possibly multidimensional). The motivation for this work comes from financial mathematics where the pricing of options is reduced to the calculation of such expectations. The rapidity for price computations and calibration procedures is a very strong operational constraint and we provide real-time tools (or at least more competitive than Monte Carlo simulations in the case of multidimensional diffusions) to meet these needs. In order to derive approximation formulas, we choose a proxy model in which analytical calculus are possible and then we use stochastic expansions around the proxy model and Malliavin calculus to approach the quantities of interest. In situation where Malliavin calculus can not be applied, we develop an alternative methodology combining Itô calculus and PDE arguments. All the approaches (from PDEs to stochastic analysis) allow to obtain explicit formulas and tight error estimates in terms of the model parameters. Although the final result is generally the same, the derivation can be quite different and we compare the approaches, first regarding the way in which the corrective terms are made explicit, second regarding the error estimates and the assumptions used for that. We consider various classes of models and functionals throughout the four Parts of the thesis. In the Part I, we focus on local volatility models and provide new price, sensitivity (delta) and implied volatility approximation formulas for vanilla products showing an improving accuracy in comparison to previous known formulas. We also introduce new results concerning the pricing of forward start options. The Part II deals with the analytical approximation of vanilla prices in models combining both local and stochastic volatility (Heston type). This model is very difficult to analyze because its moments can explode and because it is not regular in the Malliavin sense. The error analysis is original and the idea is to work on an appropriate regularization of the payoff and a suitably perturbed model, regular in the Malliavin sense and from which the distance with the initial model can be controlled. The Part III covers the pricing of regular barrier options in the framework of local volatility models. This is a difficult issue due to the indicator function on the exit times which is not considered in the literature. We use an approach mixing Itô calculus, PDE arguments, martingale properties and temporal convolutions of densities to decompose the approximation error and to compute correction terms. We obtain explicit and accurate approximation formulas under a martingale hypothesis. The Part IV introduces a new methodology (denoted by SAFE) for the efficient weak analytical approximation of multidimensional diffusions in a quite general framework. We combine the use of a Gaussian proxy to approximate the law of the multidimensional diffusion and a local interpolation of the terminal function using Finite Elements. We give estimates of the complexity of our methodology. We show an improved efficiency in comparison to Monte Carlo simulations in small and medium dimensions (up to 10)
Nugue, Frédéric. "Recherche d'une méthode rapide de détermination du coefficient de diffusion en milieu cimentaire saturé." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0019.
Full textThe aim of our study consist in developing quick methods of diffusion coefficient determination in saturated cement based materials. Analytical and experimental studies of the HTO molecular diffusion have been conducted. Three ways were studied : the unsteady state in upstream or downstream compartment, the simultaneous exploitation of upstream and downstream compartments and preliminary doping of samples. Experimental and numerical studies by Ms-Diff code of chloride ionic diffusion allowed us to re-examine the influence of electrical interactions during the unsteady state regime. A new method of physico-chemical interactions determination on massive sample and a substantial reduction of time consuming have been found. Chloride migration tests allowed us to study the influence of experimental conditions. The experimental results were in good agreement with modelling by Ms-Diff. The multi-species approach has been validated
Beutier, Thierry. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle pour l'étude de la dynamique des ceintures de radiation." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0012.
Full textDe, Moor Sylvain. "Limites diffusives pour des équations cinétiques stochastiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSR0001.
Full textThis thesis presents several results about stochastic partial differential equations. The main subject is the study of diffusive limits of kinetic models perturbed with a random term. We also present a result about the regularity of a class of stochastic partial differential equations and a result of existence and uniqueness of invariant measures for a stochastic Fokker-Planck equation.First, we give three results of approximation-diffusion in a stochastic context. The first one deals with the case of a kinetic equation with a linear operator of relaxation whose velocity equilibrium has a power tail distribution at ininity. The equation is perturbed with a Markovian process. This gives rise to a stochastic fluid fractional limit. The two remaining results consider the case of the radiative transfer equation which is a non-linear kinetic equation. The equation is perturbed successively with a cylindrical Wiener process and with a Markovian process. In both cases, we are led to a stochastic Rosseland fluid limit.Then, we introduce a result of regularity for a class of quasilinear stochastic partial differential equations of parabolic type whose random term is driven by a cylindrical Wiener process.Finally, we study a Fokker-Planck equation with a noisy force governed by a cylindrical Wiener process. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions to the problem and then existence and uniqueness of invariant measures to the equation
Quininao, Cristobal. "Mathematical modeling in neuroscience : collective behavior of neuronal networks & the role of local homeoproteins diffusion in morphogenesis." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066152/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of mathematical questions arising from the modeling of biological systems combining analytic and probabilistic tools. In the first part, we are interested in the derivation of the mean-field equations related to some neuronal networks, and in the study of the convergence to the equilibria of the solutions to the limit equations. In Chapter 2, we use the coupling method to prove the chaos propagation for a neuronal network with delays and random architecture. In Chapter 3, we consider a kinetic FitzHugh-Nagumo equation. We analyze the existence of solutions and prove the nonlinear exponential convergence in the weak connectivity regime. In the second part, we study the role of homeoproteins (HPs) on the robustness of boundaries of functional areas. In Chapter 4, we propose a general model for neuronal development. We prove that in the absence of diffusion, the HPs are expressed on irregular areas. But in presence of diffusion, even arbitrarily small, well defined boundaries emerge. In Chapter 5, we consider the general model in the one dimensional case and prove the existence of monotonic stationary solutions defining a unique intersection point for any arbitrarily small diffusion coefficient. Finally, in the third part, we study a subcritical Keller-Segel equation. We show the chaos propagation without any restriction on the force kernel. Eventually, we demonstrate that the propagation of chaos holds in the entropic sense
Muller, Nicolas. "Études mathématiques et numériques de problèmes non-linéaires et non-locaux issus de la biologie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S016.
Full textWe investigate the influence of the environment on the behaviour of a cell in two different situations. In each of these situations, there is a non-linear coupling of the drift due to a non-local term coming from the boundary of the domain.The first part focuses on the modeling of cell polarisation during the mating of yeast. We use a convection-diffusion model with a non-linear and non-local drift. This model is similar to the Keller-Segel model, the source of the attractive potential comes from the boundary of the domain. We study the long time behaviour of the one-dimensional case by using logarithmic Sobolev and HWI inequalities.By relying on a heuristic, we reduce the study of our model in the two-dimensional case to the boundary of the domain. We validate the model with data provided by M. Piel. This validation requires adding a dynamical noise in our numerical simulations. We study then the cell discussion between yeast of opposite gender. In the second part we study the immune response in atherosclerosis. We build and then develop an age structured model in order to describe the inflammation. For specific parameters, we investigate the long time behaviour of our system by using a Lyapunov functional
Melliani, Saïd. "Solutions mesures de Dirac de systèmes de lois de conservation (Equations de Saint-Venant 2D) et diffusion acoustique." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10318.
Full textContri, Benjamin. "Equations de réaction-diffusion dans un environnement périodique en temps - Applications en médecine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4711/document.
Full textThis phD thesis investigates reaction-diffusion equations in a time periodic environment. These equations model the evolution of a cancerous tumor in the presence of a treatment that corresponds to an immunotherapy in the firs part of the manuscript, and to a cytotoxic chemotherapy after. We begin by considering time-periodic nonlinearities for which 0 and 1 are linearly stable equilibrium states. We study uniqueness, monotonicity and stability of pulsating fronts. We also provide some conditions for the existence and non-existence of such solutions.In the second part of the manuscript, we begin by working on time-periodic nonlinearities which are the sum of a positive function which stands for the growth of the tumor in the absence of treatment and of a death term of cancerous cells due to treatment. We are interested in equilibrium states of such nonlinearities, and we will infer from this study spreading properties and existence of pulsating fronts. We then refine the model by considering nonlinearities which are the sum of an asymptotic periodic nonlinearity and of a small perturbation. In particular we prove that the spreading properties remain valid in this case. To finish, we are interested in the influence of the protocol of the treatment
Thorel, Alexandre. "Équation de diffusion généralisée pour un modèle de croissance et de dispersion d'une population incluant des comportements individuels à la frontière des divers habitats." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH07/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is the study of a transmission problem in population dynamics between two juxtaposed habitats. In each habitat, we consider a partial differential equation, modeling the generalized dispersion, made up of a linear combination of Laplacian and Bilaplacian operators. We begin by studying and solving the same equation with various boundary conditions in a single habitat. This study is carried out using an operational formulation of the problem: we rewrite this PDE as a differential equation, set in a Banach space built on the spaces Lp with 1 < p < +∞, where the coefficients are unbounded linear operators. Thanks to functional calculus, analytic semigroup theory and interpolation theory, we obtain optimal results of existence, uniqueness and maximum regularity of the classical solution if and only if the data are in some interpolation spaces
Marx, Victor. "Processus de diffusion sur l’espace de Wasserstein : modèles coalescents, propriétés de régularisation et équations de McKean-Vlasov." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4065.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study a class of diffusive stochastic processes with values in the space of probability measures on the real line, called Wasserstein space if it is endowed with the Wasserstein metric W2. The following issues are mainly addressed in this work: how can we effectively construct a stochastic process satisfying diffusive properties with values in a space of infinite dimension? is there a form of uniqueness, in a strong or a weak sense, satisfied by some of those processes? do those diffusions own smoothing properties, e.g. regularization by noise of McKean-Vlasov equations or e.g. BismutElworthy integration by parts formulae? Chapter I introduces an alternative construction, by smooth approximations, of the particle system defined by Konarovskyi and von Renesse, hereinafter designed by coalescing model. The coalescing model is a random process with values in the Wasserstein space, following an Itô-like formula on that space and whose short-time deviations are governed by the Wasserstein metric, by analogy with the short-time deviations of the standard Brownian motion governed by the Euclidean metric. The regular approximation constructed in this thesis shares those diffusive properties and is obtained by smoothing the coefficients of the stochastic differential equation satisfied by the coalescing model. The main benefit of this variant is that it satisfies uniqueness results which are still open for the coalescing model. Moreover, up to small modifications of its structure, that smooth diffusion owns regularizing properties: this is precisely the object of study of chapters II to IV. In chapter II, an ill-posed McKean-Vlasov equation is perturbed by one of those smooth versions of the coalescing model, in order to restore uniqueness. A connection is made with recent results (Jourdain, Mishura-Veretennikov, Chaudru de Raynal-Frikha, Lacker, Röckner-Zhang) where uniqueness of a solution is proved when the noise is finite dimensional and the drift coefficient is Lipschitz-continuous in total variation distance in its measure argument. In our case, the diffusion on the Wasserstein space allows to mollify the velocity field in its measure argument and so to handle with drift functions having low regularity in both space and measure variables. Lastly, chapters III and IV are dedicated to the study, for a diffusion defined on the Wasserstein space of the circle, of the smoothing properties of the associated semi-group. Applying in chapter III the differential calculus on the Wasserstein space introduced by Lions, a Bismut-Elworthy inequality is obtained, controlling the gradient of the semi-group at those points of the space of probability measures that have a sufficiently smooth density. In chapter IV, a better explosion rate when time tends to zero is established under additional regularity conditions. This leads to a priori estimates for a PDE defined on the Wasserstein space and governed by the diffusion on the torus mentioned above, in the homogeneous case (chapter III) and in the case of a non-trivial source term (chapter IV)
Konukoglu, Ender. "Modélisation de la croissance des gliomes et personnalisation des modéles de croissance à l'aide d'images médicales." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633697.
Full textYoumbi, Tchuenkam Lord Bienvenu. "Étude de méthodes précises d'approximation d'équations différentielles stochastiques ou d'équations aux dérivées partielles déterministes en Finance." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4126/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is devoted to the study of precise methods forapproximating stochastic differential equations (SDE) or deterministic partialdifferential equations (PDE). The first part is devoted to the development ofbias correction methods in parametric diffusion processes. Three models arestudied in particular : Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, auto-regressive and Movingaverage. At the end of this work, several approximations of bias have beenproposed following two approaches : the first consists in a Taylor developmentof the obtained estimator while the second one relies on a stochastic expansionof the latter.The second part of this thesis deals with the approximation of the heatequation obtained after changing variables from the Black-Scholes model. Likethe vast majority of PDE, this equation does not have an exact solution, sosolutions must be approached using explicit or implicit time schemes. Itis often customary to prefer the use of implicit methods to solve parabolic PDEsuch as the heat equation, but in the past few years, the stabilized explicitRunge-Kutta methods which have the largest possible domains of stabilityalong the negative real axis, are increasingly used. We show that the useof this type of explicit methods and in particular the ROCK (Runge-Orthogonal-Chebyshev-Kutta) schemes give very good results even if the initial conditionsare not very regular, which is the case in the financial models
Lassoued, Rafika. "Contributions aux équations d'évolution frac-différentielles." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS001/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in fractional differential equations. We begin by studying a time fractional differential equation. Then we study three fractional nonlinear systems ; the first system contains a fractional Laplacian, while the others contain a time fractional derivative in the sense of Caputo. In the second chapter, we establish the qualitative properties of the solution of a time fractional equation which describes the evolution of certain species. The existence and uniqueness of the global solution are proved for certain values of the initial condition. In this case, the asymptotic behavior of the solution is dominated by t^α. Under another condition, the solution blows-up in a finite time. The solution profile and the blow-up time estimate are established and a numerical confirmation of these results is presented. The chapters 4, 5 and 6 are dedicated to the study of three fractional systems : an anomalous diffusion system which describes the propagation of an infectious disease in a confined population with a SIR type, the time fractional Brusselator and a time fractional reaction-diffusion system with a balance law. The study includes the global existence and the asymptotic behavior. The existence and uniqueness of the local solution for the three systems are obtained by the Banach fixed point theorem. However, the asymptotic behavior is investigated by different techniques. For the first system our results are proved using semi-group estimates and the Sobolev embedding theorem. Concerned the time fractional Brusselator, the used technique is based on an argument of feedback. Finally, a maximal regularity result is used for the last system