Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Équation de forme finale'
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Bissuel, Aloïs. "Résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes linéarisées pour l'aéroélasticité, l’optimisation de forme et l’aéroacoustique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX019/document.
Full textThe linearized Navier-Stokes equations are solved at Dassault Aviation within numerical simulations for aerodynamic shape optimisation, flutter calculations and aeroacoustics. In order to improve the robustness and efficiency of the Navier-Stokes solver, this thesis followed two complementary paths. The first is work on the iterative methods used to solve linear systems, and the second is the improvement of the numerical scheme underlying these linear systems. In the first part, the extension to multiple right-hand sides of the GMRES algorithm with spectral deflation was tested on industrial test cases. The use of the ILU(k) preconditioner within an additive Schwarz method led to a reduction of the time needed to solve the systems with GMRES by a factor ten. It also enabled the convergence of some numerically very difficult cases which could not be solved by the software available before this thesis. The second part of the manuscript begins with work on the SUPG method used to stabilise the finite element scheme. A new way of computing the stabilisation matrix gave promising results on non-linear cases, which were however not observed for linear cases. A study on Dirichlet boundary conditions concludes this part. An algebraic method to impose non homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on non-trivial variables is introduced. It enables the use, in an industrial context, of linearized Navier-Stokes for aeroacoustics. Moreover, the transparent behaviour of a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on all variables is proved to be due to the SUPG stabilisation
Halluin, Cyrille d'. "Apprentissage PAC par exemples simples : plate-forme d'apprentissage de langages réguliers." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-105.pdf.
Full textBrassel, Morgan. "Instabilités de forme en croissance cristalline." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379392.
Full textDu point de vue de la modélisation, les problèmes rencontrés en croissance cristalline sont essentiellement des problèmes de mouvement d'interfaces. Nous abordons le cas particulier du mouvement par courbure moyenne, ainsi que son approximation par la méthode de champ de phase via l'équation d'Allen-Cahn. La discrétisation par éléments finis que nous proposons permet de couvrir de nombreuses variantes de l'équation : conservation du volume, termes de forçage, anisotropie.
Nous menons ensuite l'étude numérique d'un modèle variationnel de l'instabilité de Grinfeld. Celui-ci combine croissance cristalline et interactions élastiques, en couplant une équation d'Allen-Cahn à un système d'élasticité linéarisée pour le film. Une extension du modèle permet de prendre en compte le comportement élastique du substrat.
Nous proposons, par ailleurs, un modèle de champ de phase pour l'étude de l'instabilité liée à la mise en paquet de marches en surface du film. L'étude numérique de ce modèle s'appuie sur un algorithme inspiré des techniques de recuit simulé. Celui-ci permet d'envisager la méthode de champ de phase comme un outil d'optimisation globale.
JEAN, DIT TEYSSIER Loïc. "Équation homologique et classification analytique des germes de champs de vecteurs holomorphes de type noeud-col." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005387.
Full textGhouali, Mohamed Amine. "NNouvel outil-d'aide à la conception de formes optimales : analyse de sensibilité analytique locale : principes, validation et applications." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0018.
Full textKaraa, Samir. "Problèmes d'extrémums relatifs à des valeurs propres et applications : recherche de la forme optimale d'une colonne en compression : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30188.
Full textMaingot, Stéphane. "Sur l'extension des fonctions C R." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112345.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider M, a CR submanifold of ₵N, which passes through 0, and, we give sufficient conditions, related to the Levi form at the origin, so that each C R function on ω, an open neighborhood of 0 in M, is the restriction to ω of a holomorphic function defined on an open neighborhood of 0 in ₵N. The method used is to construct analytic discs whose boundaries lie on M and which contain a neighborhood of 0 in ₵N, first in a model case, then in the general case by approximations
SAMET, Bessem. "L'analyse asymptotique topologique pour les équations de Maxwell et applications." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005827.
Full textperrin, nicolas. "Méthodes stochastiques en dynamique moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833886.
Full textDucet, Virgile. "Construction of algebraic curves with many rational points over finite fields." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4043/document.
Full textThe study of the number of rational points of a curve defined over a finite field naturally falls into two cases: when the genus is small (typically g<=50), and when it tends to infinity. We devote one part of this thesis to each of these cases. In the first part of our study, we explain how to compute the equation of any abelian covering of a curve defined over a finite field. For this we use explicit class field theory provided by Kummer and Artin-Schreier-Witt extensions. We also detail an algorithm for the search of good curves, whose implementation provides new records of number of points over the finite fields of order 2 and 3. In the second part, we study a trace formula of Hecke operators on quaternionic modular forms, and we show that the associated Shimura curves of the form naturally form recursive sequences of asymptotically optimal curves over a quadratic extension of the base field. Moreover, we then prove that the essential contribution to the rational points is provided by supersingular points
Rouvel, David. "Essai sur les symétries géométriques et les transitions de forme du noyau de l'atome." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE032/document.
Full textThe geometrical symmetries used in nuclear physics are not very diversified, essentially the symmetry of the triaxial ellipsoid. One proposes therefore a rigourous method allowing to study the temporal evolution and the possibility of the existence of new symmetries among them the tetrahedral symmetry. The formalism of SCHRÖDINGER equation is reformulated in the framework of RIEMANN’s spaces. This formalism is used in the context of the atomic nucleus where one applies the mean-field theory combined with the adiabatic approximation. The nucleus is the terrain of two types of motions adiabatically separated, the quick motion of the nucleons in the mean-field and the collective motion modifying slowly the meanfield. The second one is governed by a collective SCHRÖDINGER equation written down in a space whose metric is given by the mass tensor. The study of the nucleus geometry is then computable with the help of two big programs developped within the thesis
Muot, Nathanaël. "Stratégies d’hybridation de méthodes de simulation électromagnétique FDTD/MTL : Application à l’étude de grands systèmes complexes." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0019/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present a strategy based on a hybrid approach in the timedomain, by coupling 3D method (FDTD) with a multi-conductors transmission line (MTL)method, in order to simulate complex large scale electromagnetic problems. This reportgives the theoretical and numerical elements for coupling these approaches for two kindof problems, which are the multi domains approach and the multi scale approach. Themultiple domains approach is an extension of the classical FDTD method taking into accountseveral 3D subdomains, interconnected by a wire network, on which a 1D transmission lineformalism is used. The main issues are, on one hand to have an implicit expression ofthe electromagnetic field in the transmission line approach, and on the other hand to beable to take into account the ground effects on the induced currents, on the transmissionline parameters and on the electromagnetic field. The multi scale approach is developed toextend the capabilities of FDTD to deal with complex cables routing. We assume that thecross section of the cables are smallest than the cell size, and in these problems, the 1Dtransmission line problem is physically included in the 3D global computational domain.The work done in this thesis leaded to a new field to transmission line coupling based onthe common mode current, and an evaluation of the transmission. line parameters basedon a Laplace equation resolution in 2D. In this work, we have elaborated and proposedefficient numerical strategies for the computation of electromagnetic induced effects on largeand complex sites, composed of several interconnected distant buildings. An application tolightning problems have been done
Godoy, Campbell Matias. "Sur le problème inverse de détection d'obstacles par des méthodes d'optimisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30220/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of the inverse problem of obstacle/object detection using optimization methods. This problem consists in localizing an unknown object omega inside a known bounded domain omega by means of boundary measurements and more precisely by a given Cauchy pair on a part Gammaobs of thetaOmega. We cover the scalar and vector scenarios for this problem considering both the Laplace and the Stokes equations. For both cases, we rely on identifiability result which ensures that there is a unique obstacle/object which corresponds to the considered boundary measurements. The strategy used in this work is to reduce the inverse problem into the minimization of a cost-type functional: the Kohn-Vogelius functional. This kind of approach is widely used and permits to use optimization tools for numerical implementations. However, in order to well-define the functional, this approach needs to assume the knowledge of a measurement on the whole exterior boundary thetaOmega. This last point leads us to first study the data completion problem which consists in recovering the boundary conditions on an inaccessible region, i.e. on thetaOmega\Gammaobs, from the Cauchy data on the accessible region Gammaobs. This inverse problem is also studied through the minimization of a Kohn-Vogelius type functional. The ill-posedness of this problem enforces us to regularize the functional via a Tikhonov regularization. We obtain several theoretical properties as convergence properties, in particular when data is corrupted by noise. Based on these theoretical results, we reconstruct numerically the boundary data by implementing a gradient algorithm in order to minimize the regularized functional. Then we study the obstacle detection problem when only partial boundary measurements are available. We consider the inaccessible boundary conditions and the unknown object as the variables of the functional and then, using geometrical shape optimization tools, in particular the shape gradient of the Kohn-Vogelius functional, we perform the numerical reconstruction of the unknown inclusion. Finally, we consider, into the two dimensional vector case, a new degree of freedom by studying the case when the number of objects is unknown. Hence, we use the topological shape optimization in order to minimize the Kohn-Vogelius functional. We obtain the topological asymptotic expansion of the solution of the 2D Stokes equations and characterize the topological gradient for this functional. Then we determine numerically the number and location of the obstacles. Additionally, we propose a blending algorithm which combines the topological and geometrical shape optimization methods in order to determine numerically the number, location and shape of the objects
Moumni, Ziad. "Sur la modélisation du changement de phase solide : application aux matériaux à mémoire de forme et à l'endommagement fragile partiel." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529370.
Full textAriche, Sadjiya. "Régularité des solutions de problèmes elliptiques ou paraboliques avec des données sous forme de mesure." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0015/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the regularity of elliptic problems (Laplace, Helmholtz) or parabolic problems (heat equation) with measure data in different geometric frames. Thus, we consider for the second members, Dirac masses at a point, on a line, on a half-line, or on a bounded segment, and also on a regular curve. As the solutions of these problems are singular on the fracture (modeled by Dirac mass in the second member), we study their regularity in weighted Sobolev spaces. In the case of a straight fracture, using Fourier or Mellin technique reduces the problem in dimension three to a Helmholtz problem in dimension two. For the latter, we prove uniform estimates, which are then used to apply the inverse transform and to obtain the expected regularity result. Similarly, the Laplace transformation transforms the heat equation into the same Helmholtz equation in 2D. In the case of a smooth curve fracture, thanks to the results of [D'angelo:2012], using a localization argument and a dyadic recovery we get an improved smoothness of the solution always in weighted Sobolev spaces
Long, Ruixing. "Planification de mouvements pour les systèmes non-holonomes et étude de la contrôlabilité spectrale pour les équations de Schrödinger linéarisées." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523628.
Full textPerrin, Nicolas. "Méthodes stochastiques en dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4011/document.
Full textThis thesis presents two independent research topics. Both are related to the application of stochastic problems to molecular dynamics. In the first part, we present a work related to the probabilistic interpretation of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. This equation describes the electrostatic potential of a molecular system. After an introduction to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, we focus on the parabolic and linear equation. After extending an existence and uniqueness result for backward stochastic differential equations, we establish a probabilistic interpretation of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation with backward stochastic differential equations. Finally, in a more prospective second part, we initiate a study of a slow and fast variables detection method due to Paul Malliavin
Morin, Guillaume. "Calcul moulien et théorie des formes normales classiques et renormalisées." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521709.
Full textLe, Peutre Yvonnick. "Simulation numerique des ecoulements de convection naturelle tridimensionnels en cavite chauffee differentiellement." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2018.
Full textMuot, Nathanaël. "Stratégie d'hybridation de méthodes de simulation électromagnétique FDTD/MTL - application à l'étude de grands systèmes complexes -." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841708.
Full textNoviani, Evi. "Shape optimisation for the wave-making resistance of a submerged body." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2298/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we compute the shape of a fully immersed object with a given area which minimises the wave resistance. The smooth body moves at a constant speed under the free surface of a fluid which is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible. The wave resistance is the drag, i.e. the horizontal component of the force exerted by the fluid on the obstacle. We work with the 2D Neumann-Kelvin equations, which are obtained by linearising the irrotational Euler equations with a free surface. The Neumann-Kelvin problem is formulated as a boundary integral equation based on a fundamental solution which handles the linearised free surface condition. We use a gradient descent method to find a local minimiser of the wave resistance problem. A gradient with respect to the shape is calculated by a boundary variation method. We use a level-set approach to calculate the wave-making resistance and to deal with the displacements of the boundary of the obstacle. We obtain a great variety of optimal shapes depending on the depth of the object and its velocity
Gastaud, Muriel. "Modèles de contours actifs pour la segmentation d'images et de vidéos." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089384.
Full textLa contribution de cette thèse réside dans l'élaboration et l'étude de différents descripteurs de région. Pour chaque critère, nous calculons la dérivée du critère à l'aide des gradients de forme, et en déduisons l'équation d'évolution du contour actif.
Le premier descripteur définit un a priori géométrique sans contrainte paramétrique: il minimise la distance du contour actif à un contour de référence. Nous l'avons appliqué à la déformation de courbe, la segmentation et le suivi de cible.
Le deuxième descripteur caractérise le mouvement de l'objet par un modèle de mouvement. Le critère associé définit conjointement une région et son mouvement sur plusieurs images consécutives. Nous avons appliqué ce critère à l'estimation et la segmentation conjointe du mouvement et au suivi d'objets en mouvement.
Bernard, Damien. "Statistique des zéros non-triviaux de fonctions L de formes modulaires." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922713.
Full textArpaia, Luca. "Adaptive techniques for free surface flow simulations : Application to the study of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0666.
Full textIn this thesis we implement the Shallow Water equations (SWEs) on unstructured grids in order to simulate free surface flow over irregular bathymetries, wetting/drying and other complex phenomena that typically occurs in hydrodynamic applications. In particular we would to accurately simulate tsunami events, from large scale wave propagation up to localized runup. To this aim we use two methods that are extensively compared along the manuscript: the Finite Volume method, which is very popular in the hydrodynamics and hydraulic community and a more recent technique called Residual Distribution which belongs to the class of multidimensional upwind schemes. To enhance the resolution of important flow feature such as bore development or small scale flooding, we use a dynamic mesh adaptation based on a redistribution of mesh nodes or r-adaptation (r stands for "relocation"). The proper combination of this method with the flow solver is usually referred to as Moving Mesh Method. Among the many different moving mesh algorithms available we propose an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) form of the SWEs which elegantly permit to evolve the flow variables from one mesh to the updated one
Pelletier, Denis. "Problems in time series and financial econometrics : linear methods for VARMA modelling, multivariate volatility analysis, causality and value-at-risk." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/178.
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