Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equation de Van't Hoff

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Equation de Van't Hoff'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Equation de Van't Hoff"

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Holtzer, Alfred. "Persistent confusion on the van't Hoff equation." Biopolymers 42, no. 5 (October 15, 1997): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(19971015)42:5<499::aid-bip1>3.0.co;2-l.

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FAN, Sen, and Yuanhai ZHU. "Application of Van't Hoff Equation to Phase Equilibrium." University Chemistry 33, no. 3 (2018): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201711022.

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Han, Shu-ying, Hui-min Yu, Yu-qiong Pei, and Yu-mei Chi. "Selectivity-column temperature relationship as a new strategy in predicting separation of structural analogues in HPLC by using different stationary phases." RSC Advances 5, no. 77 (2015): 62686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09524g.

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The effect of changes in column temperature on van't Hoff equation, as well as relationship of separation and column temperature in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by using different stationary phases, have been discussed and compared.
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Rao, Sudhakar M., and P. Shivananda. "Role of osmotic suction in swelling of salt-amended clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-086.

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The present study examines the influence of extraneous salt addition on pore-fluid osmotic suction of a clay soil. The dependence of swell potentials of the salt-amended clay specimens on initial pore-fluid osmotic suction is also examined. The osmotic suctions predicted by Van't Hoff's equation are in excess or smaller than the values calculated from the pore water electrical conductivity, depending on whether the Van't Hoff factor in the Van't Hoff equation is included or not. Experimental results suggest that the salt-amended specimens absorbed water and swelled in response to matric suction and chemical concentration gradients on inundation with water in oedometer cells. Salt also diffused from the soil pores of salt-amended specimens to the reservoir water in oedometer cells in response to chemical concentration gradients. Reduction in effective stress from osmotic flow into the soil specimen and increase in interparticle repulsion from reduction in pore-water salt concentration rendered the total swell potentials of salt-amended specimens independent of initial pore-fluid osmotic suction. The initial pre-fluid osmotic suction does, however, significantly affect the rate of swelling.Key words: clays, chemical properties, swell potential, suction.
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Stepanov, I. A. "The Heats of Chemical Reactions: the Van't-Hoff Equation and Calorimetry." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 219, no. 8 (August 2005): 1089–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.2005.219.8.1089.

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Son, Changjin, and Sangwoo Lim. "Kinetic Study on the Si3N4 Etching in Superheated Water." Solid State Phenomena 314 (February 2021): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.314.113.

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Wet etching of Si3N4 was conducted in superheated water at 160 °C with different additives type and concentration. In general, etching rate of Si3N4 increased with the pH of solution. However, it is difficult to fully explain the Si3N4 etching behavior just with the pH of solution. The OH- concentration (or pH) in superheated water at 160 °C are different from the pH of solution at room temperature. Therefore, the OH- concentrations in superheated water at 160 °C were calculated using van't Hoff equation, equilibrium constant equations, mass and charge balance equations. The calculated OH- concentration at 160 °C showed better correlation with Si3N4 etching rate than that of initial pH of solution.
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Xu, Huan Yan, Xue Li, Yan Li, Ping Li, and Wei Chao Liu. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by TiO2/Schorl Photocatalyst: Kinetics and Thermodynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2789.

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An active dye, Methyl Orange (MO) was employed as the target pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/schorl composite and the kinetics and thermodynamics of this process was emphasized in this work. Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model was employed for the kinetic studies and the results revealed that the process of MO photocatalytic discoloration by TiO2/schorl composite followed one order reaction kinetic equation under different conditions. The reaction rate constant (k) increased with initial MO concentration decreasing. When the catalyst dosage or solution pH increased,kvalues increased and then decreased. The possible reasons for these phenomena were discussed. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, ΔSwere obtained by the classical Van't Hoff equation.
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Oberoi, L. M., K. S. Alexander, and A. T. Riga. "Evaluation of an index based on van't Hoff equation to predict PEG-drug eutectic composition." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 78, no. 1 (2004): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jtan.0000042156.21899.de.

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Wu, Yun, Hui Mao, Bo Zhao, and Jian Shen. "The interaction of clenbuterol hydrochloride with bovine hemoglobin using spectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling methods." Spectroscopy 23, no. 5-6 (2009): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/696434.

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The interaction of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CL) to bovine hemoglobin (BHb) under physiological conditions was investigated by using UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular modeling. The fluorescence intensity of BHb decreased regularly with the gradual increasing concentration of CL. It is observed that there was a prominent interaction between CL and BHb. The fluorescence data revealed that the fluorescence quenching is a static process, and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated according to the Van't Hoff equation. The alternations of protein secondary structure in the presence of CL were determined by the evidence of CD. Molecular modeling study that corroborate our experimental results revealed that the binding mode of CL–BHb complex could be attributed to the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding, but electronic interaction cannot be excluded.
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Gaínza, Alberto Hernández. "Associations of ajmaline and homatropine with bromocresol green and bromophenol blue in dichloromethane: thermodynamic and kinetic parameters." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-215.

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Ajmaline (AJ) and homatropine (HM) react with bromocresol green (BCG) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in dichloromethane forming 1:1 and 1:2 ion pairs clearly in a chemical equilibrium. Thermodynamic parameters ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 are calculated using the Van't Hoff equation. In a large excess of HM a product P is formed from the 1:2 ion pair in a pseudo-first order kinetic process which fits Arrhenius' equation. The P product has been identified as a type of charge transfer complex. The thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the formation of the ion pairs BPB—(AJ)2, BCG—(AJ)2, BPB—(HM)2, and BCG—(HM)2 are, respectively: ΔG0 at 294 K, −26, −21, −26, and −19 kJ/mol; ΔH0, −63, −39, −63, and −61 kJ/mol; ΔS0, −125, −62, −125, and −138 J/K mol (ΔH0 and ΔS0 determined in a 288 to 313 K range). The values of the activation energy, Ea, for the reaction of HM (in large excess) with BCG and BPB are 58 and 91 kJ/mol.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equation de Van't Hoff"

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Almazan, Torres Maria Guadalupe. "Effet de la température sur les mécanismes d'interaction entre l'ion uranyle et l'oxophosphate de zirconium." Paris 11, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145065.

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Dans le cadre des études sur le stockage de colis de déchets nucléaires, l’effet de la température sur la rétention de l’ion uranyle sur Zr2O(PO4)2 a été étudié en milieu NaClO4 0,1 M. Dans un premier temps, l’effet de la température sur les propriétés acido-basiques de la surface (pHpcn, pKa) a été suivi. Des expériences en réacteurs fermés ont été effectuées à des températures allant de 25°C à 90°C : la sorption des ions uranyle est favorisée avec la température indiquant un processus de sorption de nature endothermique. La caractérisation des complexes de surface a été effectuée à l’aide des techniques spectroscopiques SLRT et EXAFS. Les mesures SLRT montrent la présence de deux complexes de surface différents. La nature de ces complexes ne se modifie pas avec le pH (3-5) ni la température (25°C-90°C). Par ailleurs, la spectroscopie EXAFS a mis en évidence la formation de complexes de sphère interne, bidentates. L’information structurale a été ensuite utilisée pour la modélisation des sauts de sorption. Pour le calcul des constantes de sorption, un modèle à capacité constante a été utilisé. Les équilibres de sorption modélisés ont révélé la formation des complexes de sorption : (≡ZrOH)2UO22+ et (≡PO)2UO2. La dépendance en température des constante de sorption a été ensuite utilisée pour déterminer les grandeurs thermodynamiques associées (ΔH° et ΔS°) par l’application de l’équation de van’t Hoff. La variation d’enthalpie de formation du complexe (≡ZrOH)2UO22+ est nulle, alors que celle du complexe (≡PO)2UO2 est positive (55 kJ/mol), confirmant le caractère endotermique de la réaction de sorption. Ces résultats ont été comparés à ceux déterminés par microcalorimétrie
Uranium sorption onto Zr2O(PO4)2 has been studied between 298 K and 363 K, in 0. 1M NaClO4 medium. Potentiometric titrations were realized to determine temperature dependency of the acid-base properties (pHpcn, acidity constants). Classical batch experiments were performed at different temperatures. The sorption experiments revealed that the uranium sorption onto Zr2O(PO4)2 is favoured with the temperature. Structural characterization of the surface complexes was performed by both TRLIF and EXAFS spectroscopy. The TRLIF measurements vs temperature revealed two uranyl surface complexes. No influence of the temperature onto the nature surface complex was observed. The EXAFS analysis showed a splitting of the equatorial oxygen atoms in two shells, corresponding to uranyl bidentate, inner-sphere complexes. The obtained structural uranyl surface complex information was used to simulate (using a constant capacitance model) the sorption edges. The proposed complexes equilibrium model consists of the following surface complexes: (≡ZrOH)2UO22+ and (≡PO)2UO2. Besides the stability constants for the surface complexes, the thermodynamic parameters ΔH° and ΔS° were determined using the van’t Hoff equation. The enthalpy values associated to the U(VI) retention onto Zr2O(PO4)2, determined by the temperature dependence of the stability constants, testify that the formation of the complex ≡(PO)2UO2 (55 kJ/mol) is endothermic, while no influence of the temperature was observed for the formation of the complex (≡ZrOH)2UO22+. The adsorption reaction of the last complex is then driven by entropy. In addition, calorimetric measurements of uranium sorption onto Zr2O(PO4)2 was carried out
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Williams, Celia K. "Thermodynamic parameters obtained from the van't hoff analysis of the binding of bile salts by cationic adsorbents." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38530.

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The binding of aqueous solutions of sodium cholate and chenodeoxycholate with a lightly cross-linked polyacrylamide resin carrying N,N,N-trimethylammonium dodecyl chloride pendants (QPDA12) have been studied by HPLC data under various conditions. The goal of this thesis was to determine the relative enthalpic and entropic contributions to the binding that would aid in establishing the molecular basis of the process and in the development of effective resins that sequester bile salts.
The binding constants were extracted from the fit of the isotherms to the Langmuir equation and their temperature dependence was employed to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters associated with the process. The binding was endothermic and entropy-driven. Stronger binding was always associated with a higher enthalpy barrier. Enthalpy-entropy compensation was observed encompassing data for both cholate and chenodeoxycholate binding under the influence of a variety of perturbations to the solvent. A compensation temperature of 293 K was obtained, which is characteristic of processes in which water plays a central role. The parameters observed were used to rule out earlier molecular descriptions of the process, and an alternate mechanism was proposed that emphasised the significant role of hydrophobic hydration changes in the sequestering of the bile salts.
The temperature dependence studies were extended to the binding of sodium cholate with a lightly cross-linked hydrophilic resin possessing lysine-containing peptide pendant groups. In sharp contrast with the Langmuir behaviour of the isotherms found with the QPDA12 resin the binding behaviour with the peptide resin was of a complex nature. There was a very distinct sigmoidal feature in the binding process, which is the signature of cooperative binding. A weaker binding manifested itself in the latter half of the binding isotherms. An analysis of the temperature dependence revealed that the binding was exothermic throughout the isotherm. However, while the initial weak binding was in part entropy-driven, the subsequent stronger cooperative interactions resulted in binding that was associated with negative entropy changes.
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Almazan-Torres, Maria Guadalupe. "Effet de la temperature sur les mécanismes d'interaction entre l'ion uranyle et l'oxophosphate de zirconium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145065.

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Dans le cadre des études sur le stockage de colis de déchets nucléaires, l'effet de la température sur les propriétés de rétention de l'ion uranyle sur Zr2O(PO4)2 a été étudié en milieu NaClO4 0,1 M. Dans un premier temps, l'effet de la température sur les propriétés acido-basiques de la surface (point de charge nulle, constantes d'acidité) a été suivi. Des expériences en réacteurs fermés ont été effectuées à des températures allant de 25°C à 90°C : la sorption des ions uranyle est favorisée avec l'augmentation de la température indiquant un processus de sorption de nature endothermique. La caractérisation des complexes de surface a été effectuée à l'aide des techniques spectroscopiques SLRT et EXAFS. Les mesures SLRT montrent la présence de deux complexes de surface différents. La nature de ces complexes ne se modifie pas avec le pH (3-5) ni la température (25°C-90°C). Par ailleurs, la spectroscopie EXAFS a mis en évidence la formation de complexes de sphère interne, bidentates. L'information structurale a été ensuite utilisée pour la modélisation des sauts de sorption. Pour le calcul des constantes de sorption, un modèle à capacité constante a été utilisé. Les équilibres de sorption modélisés ont révélé la formation des complexes de sorption : (>ZrOH)2UO22+ et (>PO)2UO2. La dépendance en température des constante de sorption a été ensuite utilisée pour déterminer les grandeurs thermodynamiques associées (ΔH° et ΔS°) par l'application de l'équation de van't Hoff. La variation d'enthalpie de formation du complexe (>ZrOH)2UO22+ est nulle, alors que celle du complexe (>PO)2UO2 est positive (55 kJ/mol), confirmant le caractère endotermique de la réaction de sorption.
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Nordström, Fredrik. "Solid-liquid Phase Equilibria and Crystallization of Disubstituted Benzene Derivatives." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknisk strömningslära, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4742.

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The Ph.D. project compiled in this thesis has focused on the role of the solvent in solid-liquid phase equilibria and in nucleation kinetics. Six organic substances have been selected as model compounds, viz. ortho-, meta- and para-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylamide, meta- and para-aminobenzoic acid. The different types of crystal phases of these compounds have been explored, and their respective solid-state properties have been determined experimentally. The solubility of these crystal phases has been determined in various solvents between 10 and 50 oC. The kinetics of nucleation has been investigated for salicylamide by measuring the metastable zone width, in five different solvents under different experimental conditions. A total of 15 different crystal phases were identified among the six model compounds. Only one crystal form was found for the ortho-substituted compounds, whereas the meta-isomeric compounds crystallized as two unsolvated polymorphs. The para-substituted isomers crystallized as two unsolvated polymorphs and as several solvates in different solvents. It was discovered that the molar solubility of the different crystal phases was linked to the temperature dependence of solubility. In general, a greater molar solubility corresponds to a smaller temperature dependence of solubility. The generality of this relation for organic compounds was investigated using a test set of 41 organic solutes comprising a total of 115 solubility curves. A semi-empirical solubility model was developed based on how thermodynamic properties relate to concentration and temperature. The model was fitted to the 115 solubility curves and used to predict the temperature dependence of solubility. The model allows for entire solubility curves to be constructed in new solvents based on the melting properties of the solute and the solubility in that solvent at a single temperature. Based on the test set comprising the 115 solubility curves it was also found that the melting temperature of the solute can readily be predicted from solubility data in organic solvents. The activity of the solid phase (or ideal solubility) of four of the investigated crystal phases was determined within a rigorous thermodynamic framework, by combining experimental data at the melting temperature and solubility in different solvents and temperatures. The results show that the assumptions normally used in the literature to determine the activity of the solid phase may give rise to errors up to a factor of 12. An extensive variation in the metastable zone width of salicylamide was obtained during repeated experiments performed under identical experimental conditions. Only small or negligible effects on the onset of nucleation were observed by changing the saturation temperature or increasing the solution volume. The onset of nucleation was instead considerably influenced by different cooling rates and different solvents. A correlation was found between the supersaturation ratio at the average onset of nucleation and the viscosity of the solvent divided by the solubility of the solute. The trends suggest that an increased molecular mobility and a higher concentration of the solute reduce the metastable zone width of salicylamide.
QC 20100831
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Costa, Maria Manuel Fael Quintela Marques da. "As virtudes cognitivas dos modelos 3D no desenvolvimento da Química: um estudo de caso - Van't Hoff e a estereoquímica." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/5864.

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Tese de mestrado, História e Filosofia das Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2010
Quando nos debruçamos sobre o objecto de estudo da Química, deparamo-nos com uma enorme dificuldade: como perceber o mundo à escala do átomo? Como é que o químico chega a conclusões sobre o seu objecto de estudo se este é invisível? A solução encontrada tem passado pelo um conjunto diversificado de dispositivos diagramáticos que vão desde a notação química à construção de modelos que têm tido um papel decisivo no desenvolvimento da Química. Este trabalho atravessa rapidamente a questão da formação da simbologia Química para se dedicar depois ao estudo de alguns modelos em Química Orgânica, em especial ao aparecimento dos modelos 3D. A nossa hipótese é a de que o avanço do conhecimento sobre as moléculas apenas foi possível pela forte aplicação da terceira dimensão. Nesse sentido, detivemo-nos numa época - o período correspondente ao início do século XIX - em que as ideias fervilham, em que os progressos se sucedem e em que a Química Orgânica desponta em vários centros europeus. Focámos a nossa atenção no modelo molecular de van’t Hoff, à sua lenta emergência nas próprias publicações do autor, às suas diferentes formulações materiais, às suas propostas específicas em termos espaciais, às novidades tridimensionais que introduz e ao eco dessas inovações na comunidade científica do seu tempo.
When carefully looking into the subject of the study of Chemistry, we face a great difficulty: how to understand the world to the scale of the atom? How the chemist does reach conclusions about his subject of study if it is invisible? The found solution has passed through a diverse set of diagrammatic devices ranging from the chemical notation to the construction of models which have played a decisive role in the development of Chemistry. This work quickly goes through the formation of Chemistry symbols’ issue to devote, later on, to studying a few models in Organic Chemistry, in particular to the appearance of 3D models. Our hypothesis is that the advancement of knowledge about the molecules has only been possible through the strong enforcement of the third dimension. Accordingly, we paused at a particular time - the period of the early nineteenth century - in which ideas buzz, in which progress is succeeding and when Organic Chemistry emerges in several European centres. We focused our attention on the molecular model of van't Hoff, to its slow appearance in the author's own publications, to its different material formulations, its specific proposals in spatial terms, to the three-dimensional news it introduces and the echo of these innovations in the scientific community of his time.
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Books on the topic "Equation de Van't Hoff"

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Elorriaga, Unai. El pelo de Van't Hoff. Madrid: Alfaguara, 2003.

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Cordfunke, E. H. P. Een romantisch geleerde: Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff (1852-1911). Amsterdam: Vossiuspers, 2001.

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Elorriaga, Unai. El Pelo De Van't Hoff/van't Hoff's Hair. Alfaguara, 2004.

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Strained hydrocarbons: Beyond the van't Hoff and Le Bel hypothesis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Hoffmann, Roald, and Helena Dodziuk. Strained Hydrocarbons: Beyond the Van't Hoff and le Bel Hypothesis. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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Hoffmann, Roald, and Helena Dodziuk. Strained Hydrocarbons: Beyond the Van't Hoff and le Bel Hypothesis. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2009.

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Helena, Dodziuk, ed. Strained hydrocarbons: Beyond the van't Hoff and Le Bel hypothesis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Hornix, Willem J., and S. H. W. M. Mannaerts. Van't Hoff & the Emergence of Chemical Thermodynamics: Centennial of the First Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1901-2001. Delft Univ Pr, 2001.

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Van't Hoff and the emergence of chemical thermodynamics: Centennial of the first Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 1901-2001 : an annotated translation with comments of L'équilibre chimique dans les systèmes gazeux ou dissous a l'état dilué ... Delft, the Netherlands: DUP Science, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equation de Van't Hoff"

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Varani, Katia, Stefania Gessi, Stefania Merighi, and Pier Andrea Borea. "van't Hoff Based Thermodynamics." In Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Drug Binding, 15–35. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527673025.ch2.

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Scott, Raymond P. W. "van't Hoff Curves." In Encyclopedia of Chromatography, 1762–63. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0824727857-384.

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"JACOBUS HENRICUS van't HOFF (1852–1911): First Nobel Laureate in Chemistry." In Lives and Times of Great Pioneers in Chemistry, 135–45. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814689069_0009.

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Moulik, Satya P., and Debolina Mitra. "Energetics of Micelle Formation: Non Agreement between the Enthalpy Change Measured by the Direct Method of Calorimetry and the Indirect Method of van't Hoff." In Recent Trends in Surface and Colloid Science, 51–68. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814299428_0005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equation de Van't Hoff"

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Katkov, Igor I. "Bi-Phasic Reverse Movement of Permeable Solute(s) in Cells is Predicted by the Relativistic Permeability Approach." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80008.

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Ternary systems water — impermeable solute (“salts”) — permeable solute have been widely used in cryopreservation of biological cells where the permeable solute is the cryoprotective agent (CPA). The cell membrane is considered “leaky”’ to CPA so the osmotic process is described by a system of two coupled non-linear equations: the osmotic equation (1.1) that drives water against the gradient of total osmotic pressure of both solutes, and the diffusion equation (1.2), which drives the permeable solute towards its gradient across membrane. In case of the “classical” system one permeable solute + impermeable entities (“salts”), the third equation (Boyle-van’t Hoff law (1.3) that states the constant amount of the impermeable components inside the cell (3) is added: (1.1)dWdt=-LpRTYf-Y+Zf-Z(1.2)dXdt=PsAYf-Y(1.3)WZ=WisoZiso=W0Z0=WfZf=const where W is the cell water volume, t is the time, Lp is the hydraulic conductivity, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, A is the surface area, Y and Z are the osmolalities of permeable and impermeable solutes respectively, X ≡ WY is the intracellular amount (“number of osmoles”) of the permeable solute, Ps is the solute membrane permeability. Subscript “iso” refers to the isosmotic values, “0” is the values at time zero, and “f” refers to the final (equilibrium, extracellular) values. The water permeability can be considered as LpRT.
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Marangoni, Alejandro. "Revisiting the Hildebrand and Van't Hoff Approaches for the Prediction of Sfc-temperature Profiles from Triglyceride Molecular Composition and Thermal Properties in Consideration of Cooperativity of Melting Transitions." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.176.

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Howlett, Larry D. "The Theory of Osmosis." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55040.

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A fresh view for explaining the process of osmosis and the phenomenon of osmotic pressure is presented. The process of osmosis was identified and modeled more than 100 years ago. Others have unsuccessfully challenged the original model developed by J.H. van’t Hoff. We revisit the basic equations and assumptions used in the thermodynamic derivation of the osmosis model. And, we propose a small but significantly different view of the traditional theory of osmosis. From this new view of osmosis and the osmosis experiment, we conclude that osmosis occurs at atmospheric pressure. In cellular membranes, flow from the solvent to the solution is related to the vapor pressure difference determined from the concentration difference with Raoult’s law. Furthermore, we suggest that osmotic pressure as determined from the osmosis experiment is related to both the solution properties and the membrane characteristics. We suggest that the difference between experimental and theoretical determination of osmotic pressure can be attributed to capillary action that may occur in some man made membranes.
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Carroll, James M., Sean A. Burritt, Michael L. Calvisi, and Leal K. Lauderbaugh. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Ultrasound Contrast Agent Microbubbles: Simulation and Experimentation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66371.

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The nonlinear response of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles is investigated through various simulations in regimes of clinical relevance. A spherical model is used based on a compressible form of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation that is combined with a thin-shell model developed by Lars Hoff to simulate the radial response of contrast agents subject to ultrasound. The response of a Sonazoid contrast agent is analyzed through the application of techniques from dynamical systems theory such as phase portraits, Poincaré sections, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents to illustrate the qualitative dynamics and transition to chaos that occurs under certain changes in system parameters. The dynamic response of the contrast agent is shown to be similar regardless of the filling gas assumed or the presence of blood or water as the external medium. The effect of continuous and pulsed acoustic forcing is also compared. Furthermore, an experimental setup for investigating the dynamic response of contrast agents subject to ultrasound is presented that uses a standing acoustic wave to trap and drive bubbles at a prescribed frequency. The feasibility of the apparatus is demonstrated through high-speed images of an air bubble trapped at the antinode of the acoustic chamber.
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