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El, Doussouki Ayman. "Contribution à l'étude des équations de Föppl von Kármán : applications aux phénomènes de cloquage." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0117.
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Dans cette thèse nous allons traiter deux types de contraintes résiduelles : thermique et mécanique. Le premier modèle s'obtient par développement asymptotique (Chapitre 2). Le deuxième modèle s'obtient en utilisant les hypothèses de Landau Lifschitz (Chapitre 5). Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous établissons les équations de flambage d'une plaque élastique mince. Notre point de vue est formel, et consiste à appliquer la méthode des développements asymptotiques à l'énergie initiale posée sur [. . . ] représentant la plaque, pour obtenir un problème limite écrit sur son plan moyen. Ce qui nous permet d'utiliser le modèle de Kirchhoff-Love pour le déplacement limite en [. . . ], qui est défini dans le plan moyen. Alors on obtient d'une part l'obtention des équations Euler-Lagrange correspondant à l'énergie en fonction de [. . . ] et d'autre part l'obtention des équations de Fopple von Kármán, qui sont caractérisées par leurs non linéarité et par leurs aspects bidimensionnels (dans le sens que les inconnues s'expriment en fonction de deux variables qui sont les coordonnées des points du plan moyen). Dans le troisième chapitre, on montre l'existence d'un minimiseur de l'énergie et en conséquence, l'existence de solution du système FvK. Par régularités elliptiques, on montre d'une part, que le minimiseur est dans [. . . ] et d’autre part, la solution du système FvK est dans [. . . ]. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous avons ajouté un terme source au second membre et on montre l’existence de solution par une estimation à priori. En plus, on a effectué quelques simulations numériques des équations de FvK avec des conditions aux bords convenables. Le but de ce chapitre est de voir la formation de différents types de cloques (rectiligne, circulaire,. . . ). Pour cela, on met en œuvre une méthode d'éléments finis. Le cinquième chapitre est consacré à l'obtention des équations FvK suivant l'hypothèse de Landau et Lifschitz. Cette obtention a été faite en coordonnées cylindriques, puis on en obtient les équations radiales de FvK. Dans le sixième chapitre on montre la non existence des solutions radiales non triviales dans le cas de compression et sous les conditions aux bords convenable. Cela a été fait en étudiant les propriétés de la composante normale de la contrainteIn this thesis we will treat two types of residual stresses : thermal and mechanical. The first model is obtained by asymptotic expansion (chapter 2). The second model is obtained by using the hypothesis of Landau Lifschitz (chapter 5). In the second chapter, we establish the equation of buckling of a thin elastic plate. We obtain a derivation of the equations from the Euler-Lagrange corresponding to the energy as a function of [. . . ] and secondly the derivation of equations Fopple von Kármán, which are characterized by their non-linear two-dimensional appearance (in the sense that the unknows are expressed function of two variables that are the coordinates of the mean plane). In the third chapter, we show the existence of a minimizer of the energy and accordingly, the existence of solution of the system FvK. By elliptic regularity, we show first, that the minimizer is in [. . . ] and on the other hand, the solution of FvK system is [. . . ]. In the fourth chapter, we added a source term to the second member and we show the existence of solution, by a priori estimation. In addition, we have performed some numerical simulations of FvK equations with suitable boundary conditions. The fifth chapter is devoted to the derivation of the equations following FvK Landau's hypothesis. This derivation was made in cylindrical coordinates, then we obtain the equations of radial FvK. In the sixth chapter we prove the nonexistence of non trivial radial solutions in the case of compression and under suitable boundary conditions
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Legrand, Mathilde. "Etude mathématique de modèles de couches visqueuses pour des écoulements naturels." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2047/document.
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Le système de Saint Venant est répandu pour modéliser des fluides dont la hauteur est inférieure au domaine d'écoulement. Son écriture nécessite des hypothèses sur le profil de vitesse pour connaître le flux de la quantité de mouvement ainsi que le cisaillement sur le fond. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à un couplage entre un fluide parfait et une couche visqueuse dans l'esprit des couches limites interactives (IBL) introduites en aéronautique. Cette interaction nous permet de proposer un terme de friction en adéquation avec les attentes physiques au regard de la position du maximum local. Une part importante de cette thèse est donc consacrée à la compréhension de la couche visqueuse dans laquelle la recherche du profil de vitesse est cantonnée. Cette étude se décompose en l'écriture des équations de Prandtl puis en l'établissement de l'équation de von Kármán. Cette dernière met en jeu les quantités nécessaires à la définition du flux recherché et est donc un élément clé de la fermeture du système. Des résultats numériques viennent illustrer le modèle obtenu par le couplage entre le fluide parfait et la couche visqueuse. Le dernier chapitre expose deux formulations alternatives obtenues d'un point de vue d'un écoulement d'un fluide parfait dont les conditions sur les bords du domaine sont modifiées, soit par une condition de transpiration définie sur le fond, soit par une modification du domaine enlien avec une topographie apparenteShallow Water system is widely used for flows when the depth is smaller than the longitudinal scale. The establishment needs some hypothesis on the velocity profile in order to describe the moment flux and the shear stress on ground. In this thesis, we present a two layer decomposition of the fluid between an ideal fluid and a viscous layer in the spirit of the Interactive Boundary Layer (IBL) introduced in aeronautics. This interaction leads to obtain in our equations a friction term which fits with the physical expectations for the local maximum. So a major part of this work is interested in the comprehension of the viscous layer where the velocity profile is confined. The study is based on the writing of Prandtl equations then the establishment of the von Kármán equation. The last one contains the necessary quantities for a definition of the researched flux. Also this equation is essential for a closure of the system. Some numerical results illustrate the proposed model with the association of ideal fluid ans viscous layer. A last chapter presents two alternatives formulations of the model based on an ideal fluid with modified boundary conditions. The first one keeps the same domain but has a transpiration boundary
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Souza, Tiago da Silva. "Geração de vórtices de Von Kármán com modelagem em CFD." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-30032017-113355/.
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Assim como um peixe pode aproveitar a energia dos vórtices formados por uma rocha em uma corredeira para economizar energia e produzir impulso, este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar que os vórtices de von Kármán ou esteira de vórtices, desprendidos de um corpo cilíndrico colocado em um escoamento contínuo, com uma placa de um determinado comprimento, posicionada atrás desse corpo cilíndrico e com movimentos livres na horizontal, pode vibrar e produzir movimentos rotacionais, e por fim, uma frequência, com o objetivo de se aproveitar esse movimento para geração de energia. Para tanto, utilizou-se software CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic), para observar e quantificar os movimentos produzidos pela placa. Observou-se também, entre três comprimentos de placa, com três velocidades diferentes, três números de Reynolds diferentes e com escoamentos laminar e turbulento, como as placas se comportam e qual delas produz movimento com maior frequência. Buscou-se também verificar a eficiência do movimento para números de Strouhal menores e iguais a 0,21.Just as a fish can harness the energy of the vortices formed by a rock in the rapids to save energy and produce impulse this paper aims to show that the von Kármán vortex or wake vortex, detached from a cylindrical body placed in a flow continuous with a plate of a certain length, positioned behind this cylindrical body and freely moving horizontally, may vibrate and produce rotational movements, and finally, a frequency, in order to take advantage of this movement to generate power. Therefore, we used CFD software (Computational Fluid Dynamic), to observe and quantify the movements produced by the board. It was also observed between three plate lengths with three different velocities, three different Reynolds numbers and laminar and turbulent flow as the plates behave and which one produces motion with higher frequency. It sought to verify the efficiency of movement to lower Strouhal numbers and equal to 0.21.
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Saint-Michel, Brice. "L'écoulement de von Kármán comme paradigme de la physique statistique hors de l'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911544.
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Cette thèse tente d'effectuer une approche de physique statistique (à l'équilibre et hors équilibre) d'un écoulement pleinement turbulent de von Kármán produit par la contra-rotation de deux turbines dans un cylindre rempli de fluide. Dans une première partie, les résultats expérimentaux obtenus en commande en vitesse sont complétés par des observations par PIV, puis étudiés dans le cadre de la mécanique statistique : la divergence de susceptibilité qui est notamment observée est étudiée à la manière d'un modèle d'Ising-Champ moyen, dans lequel les corrélations spatiales de l'écoulement et le théorème fluctuation-dissipation sont examinés. En second lieu, les résultats de commande en couple sont complétés : l'existence de réponses différentielles négatives dans l'écoulement autorise une analogie avec certains dipôles électriques et fluides complexes. Nous interprétons ces résultats comme une forme d'inéquivalence d'ensemble, typique des systèmes possédant des interactions à longue portée. Les temps d'échappement des régimes multi-stables sont également étudiés comme un simple problème de puits de potentiel de Kramers, révélant une dynamique globale à petit nombre de degrés de liberté. Finalement, des résultats préliminaires de l'expérience SHREK effectuées dans l'hélium à très basse température sont présentés. Les couples mécaniques exercés sur les turbines sont similaires dans le cas du fluide normal et du superfluide. Les nombres de Reynolds accessibles dans l'expérience permettent en outre une étude plus complète du cycle d'hystérésis en fonction du nombre de Reynolds.
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Boronski, Piotr. "Méthode des potentiels poloïdal-toroïdal appliquée à l'écoulement de von Kármán en cylindre fini." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162594.
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Ce travail est motivé par l'effort international actuel de créer expérimentalement une dynamo fluide auto-entretenue. L'effet dynamo, dont l'existence a été prevu par Larmor au début du XXème siècle, est considéré comme étant responsable de la production du champ matnétique terrestre et d'autres objets célestes par l'intermédiaire de l'écoulement d'un fluide conducteur. Afin d'étudier numériquement l'écoulement de von Kármán, qui modélise la configuration d'une expérience dynamo mise en place à Cadarache, nous avons développé une approche numérique originale permettant la résolution des équations magnétohydrodynamiques dans une géométrie dylindrique en formulation potentielle. La décomposition en potentiels poloïdal et toroïdal a été utilisée pour garantir la nature solénoïdale des champs de vitesse et magnétique. Nous utilisons la technique de la matrice d'influence pour satisfaire aux conditions aux limites et aux conditions de continuité du champ magnétique à la paroi du cylindre. La grande puissance de calcul, résultant de la parallélisation MPI du code, a presmis de l'appliquer deux problèmes concernant la turbulence dans la géométrie cylindrique : la turbulence axisymétrique et une bifurcation entre états turbulents.
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Titon, Jean. "Forçages, transfert d'énergie et structures cohérentes dans un écoulement turbulent de Von Kármán contrarotatif." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0003.
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L'influence des filaments de basse pression sur les fluctuations de la puissance globale injectée dans un écoulement turbulent de Von Kármán contrarotatif est étudiée. La stratégie expérimentale consiste à piloter les servomoteurs actionnant les batteurs à vitesse angulaire constante ou à couple constant. Dans le premier cas, la régulation face aux forces de traînée turbulente se fait sur les couples délivrés. Dans le second, il s'agit d'un contrôle naturel de l'écoulement sur les dispositifs de forçage. On met ainsi en évidence l'influence du mode de forçage sur les fluctuations de la puissance injectée. L'analyse des mesures locales (vitesse et pression) montre que les propriétés des petites échelles des écoulements ainsi produits sont les mêmes. L'extraction de la moyenne de phase de la puissance injectée conditionnée par la détection d'un filament aboutit au scénario du transfert d'énergie associé. Un modèle expliquant les différences entre les deux modes d'injection est proposéThe influence of low pressure filaments on the fluctuations of the global power injected in a Von Kármán turbulent flow is studied. The experimental strategy consists in operating the servomotors that drive the counter-rotating stirrers either at constant angular velocity or with a constant torque. In the first case, the regulating system responds to the turbulent drag forces by correcting the torque delivered. In the second case, there is a natural control of the flow on the forcing devices. The influence of the forcing modes on the fluctuations of the power injected is outlined by this method whereas the analysis of local quantities (velocity and pressure) show no differences in the small scale properties of the turbulent flows hence produced. Extracting the phase average of the injected power conditioned by the presence of a filament leads to the scenario of the corresponding energy transfer process. A model explaining the differences between the two injection modes is suggested
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Souza, Pammella Queiroz de. "Estabilização da Equação de Berger-Timoshenko como Limite Singular da Estabilização Uniforme do Sistema de Von-Kármán para Vigas." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7406.
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We consider a dynamical one-dimensional nonlinear Von Kármán model for beams depending on the parameter " > 0 and we study their asymptotic behavior for t large, when " ! 0. Introducing appropriate damping mechanisms we show that the energy of solutions of the corresponding damped models decay exponential uniform with respect to the parameter ". In order for this to be true the damping mechanism has to have the appropriate scale with respect to ". In the limit as " ! 0 we obtain damped Berger- Timoshenko beam model for which the energy tends exponentially to zero. This is done both in the case of internal and boundary damping .
Consideramos a dinâmica unidimensional não linear do modelo de Von Kármán para vigas dependendo de um parâmetro " > 0, e estudamos o seu comportamento assintótico para t grande, quando " ! 0. Introduzindo mecanismos adequados de amortecimento, mostramos que a energia de soluções do correspondente modelo amortecido possui decaimento exponencial uniforme com respeito ao parâmetro ". Afim de que seja verdadeiro, o mecanismo de amortecimento tem que ter a escala apropriada em relação a ". No limite, quando " ! 0 obtemos o modelo de Berger-Timoshenko para viga amortecida, bem como quando a energia tende exponencialmente para zero. Isso é feito tanto no caso de amortecimento interno e na fronteira.
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Hallgren, Christoffer. "Virvelgator i atmosfären." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155753.
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De virvelgator som bildas i atmosfären bakom höga berg på öar påminner till utseendet starkt om de periodiska flöden som uppstår vid strömning kring en cirkulär cylinder. Friktionen mellan fluiden och cylinderns yta gör att det bildas en vak nedströms cylindern. Periodisk virvelspridning där von Kármán-virvlar sänds ut kan uppstå. Utifrån Reynolds tal går det att karaktärisera strömningen och med hjälp av en numerisk modell kan tillstånden simuleras. Saknas en turbulensmodell i algoritmen blir resultaten för höga Reynolds tal felaktiga. De atmosfäriska virvelgatorna uppstår dock inte på grund av friktion. Istället krävs blockering av luftmassor och variationer i densitet för att virvlarna ska utvecklas. För att dra slutsatser om de atmosfäriska virvelgatorna har 11 satellitbilder med virvelgator analyserats. Sambandet λ = 3.9b-5.3 (förklaringsgrad r2 = 0.91) hittades mellan virvelgatans våglängd λ och bredden b på ön. Kvoten λ/b beräknades till medelvärdet 4.33 vilket är jämförbart med resultat från en liknande studie.The visual appearance of the atmospheric vortex street behind a high mountain on an island is very similar to the periodic pattern caused by the flow past a circular cylinder. The friction between the fluid and the surface of the cylinder creates a wake downstream of the cylinder and periodic von Kármán vortex shedding occurs. The flow may be characterized by means of the Reynolds number and using a numerical model the different states can be simulated. If the algorithm lacks a turbulence model, the results for high Reynolds numbers will be wrong. The atmospheric vortex streets do not, however, arise due to friction. Instead, blocking of air masses and density variations are needed for the vortices to develop. To be able to draw conclusions about atmospheric vortex streets 11 satellite images showing the vortex streets have been analyzed. The relation λ = 3.9b-5.3 (coefficient of determination r2 = 0.91) was found, where λ is the wavelength of the vortex street and b the width of the island. The mean value of the ratio λ/b is 4.33 which is comparable with results from a similar study.
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Salah, Nebya. "Développement de l'holographie numérique : application à la trajectographie 3D de particules dans une allée de Bénard-von Kármán." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES040.
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Cette étude concerne le développement de l'holographie numérique dans l'axe pour l'application au transport des particules dans les écoulements laminaires ou turbulents. Dans le montage utilisé, une diode laser modulée éclaire un volume de fluide en mouvement ensemencé avec des particules. Les interférences créées entre la lumière diffractée par ces objets et le faisceau collimaté sont enregistrées à l'aide d’une caméra. La reconstruction numérique de l'hologramme est ensuite réalisée par un algorithme basé sur la transformée en ondelette. En illuminant le champ d'écoulement au moyen d'impulsions laser de durée et de période ajustables, on peut avoir accès aux positions 3D des gouttelettes qui l'ensemencent. Cette technique permet ainsi d'obtenir des informations Lagrangiennes dont les imprécisions de mesures restent inconnues. Dans le but d'estimer cette imprécision et de montrer les potentialités et les limites de cette technique, ce montage optique a été implanté sur une allée de Bénard-von Kármán dans laquelle des gouttelettes d'eau ont été injectées en amont. Les trajectoires obtenues à partir des enregistrements holographiques ont été localisées dans l'écoulement et la vitesse de chaque gouttelette a pu être comparée à la vitesse du fluide qui l'entoure (connue par PIV). L'analyse de ces résultats montre que l'incertitude de localisation dans la direction du faisceau est de l'ordre de 80µm. Malgré cette incertitude, on observe que les particules ne suivent pas parfaitement l'écoulement et sont influencées différemment par les diverses zones du sillage. La vitesse de chute de ces gouttelettes et leur nombre de Stokes estimé à 0,08-0,2 peuvent expliquer ce comportementThis study deals with the development of digital in-line holography for the application to particles behavior in laminar or turbulent flows. In the set-up used, a modulated laser diode enlights a volume of moving fluid seeded by particles. Interferences created by the light diffracted by particles and the collimated beam is recorded by a CCD sensor. The numerical reconstruction is then realized by an algorithm based on wavelets transform. As the flow is enlighten by laser pulses of length and period adjustable, 3D positions of the droplets seeding the flow can be determined. This technique permits obtaining Lagrangian information but their accuracy is still unknown. In order to evaluate this accuracy and to show possibilities and limits of this technique, this optical device has been set-up on a Bénard-von Kármán flow seeded by water droplets. Trajectories obtained from holographic recordings were localized in the flow and particle velocities can be compared to the flow velocity around them (known by PIV). Analyses of these results show that localization uncertainties in the laser beam direction are about 80µm. In spite of this uncertainty, one can observe that droplets do not perfectly follow the flow and are influenced differently by the various zones of the wake. Droplets falling velocities and their Stokes number assessed to 0. 08-0. 2 can explain this behavior
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Lundin, Lukas. "Tip vortex cavitation and diffused vorticity of propeller profiles: a modelling approach : Investigation of an implemented TVI model, and implementation and investigation of a DVH model." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65102.
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To predict fluid properties and interactions is an important task for the industry. It is plagued, however, by being close to impossible to predict analytically. Hence, it is customary to turn to numerical solutions. This in itself comes with many different methods and approaches suitable for different needs. This work focuses on two methods: Tip Vortex Index (TVI) and Diffused Vortex Hydrodynamics (DVH). TVI is a method to predict when a marine propeller will experience cavitation of tip vortices and is based on calculations from a Boundary Element Method (BEM). DVH is a particle method for simulating the circulation of a fluid in two dimensions and three dimensions. The aim is to investigate an implemented TVI model based on MPUF-3A for different marine propeller series, with different sub-designs for a total of 28 unique propellers, and implement the DVH method and test it for 3 different bodies. The results of this thesis show that the implemented TVI model is non-functional for the 28 different propellers, but the DVH method is successfully implemented and able to handle 2 different bodies.Att förutspå fluid egenskaper och interaktioner är en viktig uppgift för industrin. Det plågas dock av att vara näst intil omöjligt att förutspå analytiskt. Det är därför vanligt att vända sig till numeriska lösningar. Detta kommer i sig med många olika metoder och tillvägagångssätt som passar olika behov. Detta arbete fokuserar på två metoder: Tip Vortex Index (TVI) och Diffused Vortex Hydrodynamics (DVH). TVI är en metod för att förutsäga när en marin propeller kommer att uppleva kavitation av spetsvirvlar och baseras på beräkningar från en Boundary Element Method (BEM). DVH är en partikelmetod för att simulera cirkulationen i fluid i två dimensioner och tre dimensioner. Syftet är att undersöka en implementerad TVI-modell baserad på MPUF-3A för olika marina propellerserier, med olika underdesigner, för totalt 28 unika propellrar, och implementera DVH-metoden och testa den för 3 olika kroppar. Resultaten av denna avhandling visar att den implementerade TVI-modellen är icke-funktionell för de 28 olika propellrarna, men DVH-metoden är framgångsrikt implementerad och kan hantera 2 olika kroppar
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Kreuzahler, Sebastian [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Grauer, and Henning [Akademischer Betreuer] Soltwisch. "Numerical study of impeller-driven von Kármán flows and dynamo action via an immersed boundary techniques / Sebastian Kreuzahler. Gutachter: Rainer Grauer ; Henning Soltwisch." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1089006977/34.
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Mazzi, Giacomo. "Numerical treatment of the Liouville-von Neumann equation for quantum spin dynamics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4727.
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This thesis is concerned with the design of numerical methods for quantum simulation and the development of improved models for quantum relaxation. Analysis is presented for the treatment of quantum systems using the density matrix formalism. This approach has been developed from the early days of quantum mechanics as a tool to describe from a statistical point of view a large number of identical quantum ensembles. Traditional methods are well established and reliable, but they perform poorly for practical simulation as the system size is scaled up. Ad hoc schemes for nuclear spin dynamics appearing in the literature can be shown to fail in certain situations. The challenge is therefore to identify efficient reduction methods for the quantum system which are also based on a rigorous foundation. The method presented in the thesis, for the time–independent Hamiltonian case, combines a quantum density matrix formalism with a procedure based on Chebyshev polynomials; application of the method to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is considered, and it is shown that the new technique outperforms existing alternatives in term of computational costs. The case of a time–dependent Hamiltonian in NMR simulation is studied as well and some splitting methods are presented. To the author’s knowledge this is the first time such methods have been applied within the NMR framework, and the numerical results show a better error–to–cost rate than traditional methods. In a separate strand of research, formulations for open quantum systems are studied and new dynamical systems approaches are considered for this problem. Motivations This thesis work is mainly focused on nuclear spin dynamics. Nuclear spin dynamics constitutes the basis for NMR, which is a very powerful spectroscopy technique that exploits the interaction between nuclear spins and magnetic fields. The same technique is used to reveal the presence of hydrogen atoms in the blood for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Within this framework the role of simulations is extremely important, as it provides a benchmark for studies of new materials, and the development of new magnetic fields. The main computational issue is that with current software for NMR simulation it is extremely expensive to deal with systems made of more than few (7–10) spins. There is therefore a strong need to develop new algorithms capable of simulating larger systems. In recent years NMR simulations have been found to be one of the most favorable candidates for quantum computing. There are two reasons for this: nuclear quantum states maintain extremely long coherences, and it is possible to attain a very strong control on the quantum state via the application of sequences of pulses. In order to develop a proper quantum computer it is fundamental to understand how the entangled states lose coherence and relax back to equilibrium by means of external interactions. This process is described as relaxation in an open quantum system. The theory for such systems has been available for 50 years but there are still substantial limitations in the two main approaches. There are also relatively few numerical approaches for the simulation of such systems, for this reason it is important to develop numerical alternatives for the description of open quantum systems. Thesis Outline The thesis is organized as follow: the first two chapters provide background material to familiarize the reader with fundamental concepts of both quantum mechanics and nuclear spin dynamics; in this part of the thesis no new results are presented. The first chapter introduces the concept of quantum systems and the mathematical environment with which we describe those systems. We also present the main equations we need to solve to determine the dynamics of a quantum system in a statistical framework. In the second chapter we introduce the nuclear spin system, that is the physical system that has been the main reference frame in this work, for both tests and practical applications of the new algorithms. We describe how nuclear spin systems are at the basis of very important applications like NMR spectroscopy and MRI. We present in some detail the physical features of the NMR technique and the equations we need to solve to describe the dynamics of a spin system; we also focus on the relevance of numerical simulations for these systems, and consequently which must be the interest in developing new algorithms, and the major obstacles which must be overcome. In the third chapter we investigate the numerical challenges that arise in simulation of quantum systems, we describe some of the methods that have been developed in the literature, focusing on the performances and the computational costs of them, setting the new developments of this thesis in the proper research frame. We discuss one of the major issues: the evaluation of the matrix exponential. We also present the analysis we have done of a recent method called Zero Track Elimination (ZTE) that has been developed specifically for NMR simulations. This analysis shows the limitations of this method but also gives a mathematical explanation of why–and in which cases–it works. In the fourth chapter we present the main result of the thesis, the development of a new method that directly evaluates the expectation values for a quantum simulation via a different application of the well known Chebyshev expansion. We have proved that this new method can provide an excellent boost in terms of performance, with computational costs that can be reduced by a factor ten in common cases. (The results of this chapter and the new method have been presented in international conferences and recently they have been submitted for publication). We also present some attempts we have made in the application of splitting methods for the evolution of the system in a time dependent environment. To our knowledge this is the first time splitting methods have been used for NMR simulations. The results of this approach are as follows: for a particular splitting technique combined with a Lanczos iteration method it is possible to speed up the calculation by a third if compared with a Lanczos type method whilst keeping the error below a critical threshold. This last approach is still a work in progress especially in terms of developing clever ways to split the Hamiltonian. The last chapter of this thesis deals with simulation of quantum systems interacting with an external environment. After presenting the main theoretical approaches for the description of such systems we then survey several the techniques that are currently used for the numerical implementation of such theories. As a work in progress we present a considerably different new approach we have been developing aiming to overcome some of the issues that arise when treating this kind of system within usual frameworks. This is somewhat speculative work that gives rise to some new directions in the development of a numerical description for open quantum systems. We also present some numerical results. (The main core of this chapter has been presented in international conferences).
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Bär, Christian. "Das Spektrum von Dirac-Operatoren." Bonn : [s.n.], 1991. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=003506032&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Airosa, Marlene Liliana da Silva. "Estudo da flexibilidade de tubos sob esforços generalizados." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12032.
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Mestrado em Engenharia mecânicaA análise estrutural de tubos é uma ferramenta sempre útil para diversas aplicações. O facto de existir um conjunto de equações que preveja o comportamento destes no momento em que são solicitados, tornaria mais fácil o processo de dimensionamento bem como da escolha da geometria dos tubos. Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo obter o comportamento de tubos retos e curvos quando lhes é aplicada uma força concentrada ou uma carga distribuída. Numa fase inicial foram usados tubos retos como objeto de estudo, pelo facto de se tratar de uma geometria menos complexa. Numa fase seguinte foram então analisados os de geometria curva. De modo a estabelecer um termo de comparação, foram realizados também ensaios experimentais com o objetivo de analisar o erro da formulação proposta, tendo para o efeito utilizado a geometria menos complexa. Os resultados experimentais obtidos permitiram concluir acerca da assertividade dos modelos propostos, uma vez que a comparação é bastante satisfatória.
Structural analysis of pipes is an invaluable tool for all sorts of applications. Were there to be a set of equations that would describe their behavior under a duty service, it would enable a more documental choice in what concerns both pipe geometry and dimensions. The main objective of this thesis is to obtain a mathematical formulation for the behavior of both straight and curved pipes while prompted by a localized or uniformly distributed load. Firstly, during this study straight pipe geometry was selected due to its simplicity. On a second analysis a curved pipe was then analyzed. For a validation purpose an experimental study on the straight pipe was undertaken. The latter was enable to conclude that both analytical and numerical results are appropriated to define the structural behavior of pipes under a duty service, namely communing application of localized or uniformly distributed loads.
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Rathmann, Wigand. "Berechnung von Schockspektren." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-68273.
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Am Beispiel der Berechnung von Schockantwortspektren werden in dem Vortrag verschiedene Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, um mit Mathcad den linearen Oszillator zu simulieren. Neben dem klassischen Lösungsblock von Mathcad wird gezeigt, wie sich auch in Kommandozeilenbefehlen Parameter für die transiente Differenzialgleichung unterbringen lassen. Der Vortrag zeigt, wie Schockspektren für beliebige Anregungen ermittelt werden können, indem die transiente Differezialgleichung für verschiedene Eigenfrequenzen aber für die identische Anregung berechnet wird. Neben der rein numerischen Simulation wird auch ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der sich direkt auf die Variation der Konstanten stützt.
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Düring, H. Gustavo. "Non-equilibrium dynamics of nonlinear wave systems : Turbulent regime, breakdown and wave condensation." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066278.
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Dans cette thèse des problèmes relatifs à deux sujets différents ont été étudié. Tous les deux liés à la description statistique des systèmes avec nombreux degrés de liberté, mais d'une nature très différente. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude des systèmes d'ondes faiblement non linéaires. La théorie bien établie de la turbulence des ondes est appliquée à différents systèmes, en étudiant la validité et les limites de celle-ci. Les propriétés statistiques à long terme pour les ondes élastiques dans les plaques et coques, et les ondes capillaires dans un fluide ont été considérées en fonction d'une équation cinétique pour la répartition des densités spectrales. Parmi d'autres situations, on analyse le régime turbulent, l'effet de la dissipation et la limite non dispersive. D'autre part, la description de la dynamique d'un condensat d'ondes a été mis en place, cela élargit la théorie de la turbulence d'ondes en incluant cette structure cohérente simple. Dans la deuxième partie on a étudié le problème du signe, qui représente une grosse limitation dans de nombreuses simulations numériques. Une bonne compréhension de la mécanique statistique des échantillonnages de Monte Carlo avec le problème du signe, est réalisée par analogie avec les systèmes vitreux. Une nouvelle approche est également proposée avec l'utilisation du recuit quantique, qui, loin de résoudre le problème du signe donne une compréhension plus approfondie de la structure de celui-ci.
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Klein, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Analytische Ableitungen der Energie für den "Equation-of-Motion-Coupled-Cluster"-Ansatz zur Berechnung von Ionisationspotentialen / Kerstin Klein." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053732538/34.
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Weiß, Jan-Philipp [Verfasser]. "Numerical analysis of Lattice Boltzmann methods for the heat equation on a bounded interval / von Jan Philipp Weiß." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://d-nb.info/982595697/34.
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Vellmer, Sebastian. "Applications of the Fokker-Planck Equation in Computational and Cognitive Neuroscience." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21597.
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In dieser Arbeit werden mithilfe der Fokker-Planck-Gleichung die Statistiken, vor allem die Leistungsspektren, von Punktprozessen berechnet, die von mehrdimensionalen Integratorneuronen [Engl. integrate-and-fire (IF) neuron],
Netzwerken von IF Neuronen und Entscheidungsfindungsmodellen erzeugt werden.
Im Gehirn werden Informationen durch Pulszüge von Aktionspotentialen kodiert.
IF Neurone mit radikal vereinfachter Erzeugung von Aktionspotentialen haben sich in Studien die auf Pulszeiten fokussiert sind als Standardmodelle etabliert. Eindimensionale IF Modelle können jedoch beobachtetes Pulsverhalten oft nicht beschreiben und müssen dazu erweitert werden. Im erste Teil dieser Arbeit wird eine Theorie zur Berechnung der Pulszugleistungsspektren von stochastischen, multidimensionalen IF Neuronen entwickelt. Ausgehend von der zugehörigen Fokker-Planck-Gleichung werden partiellen Differentialgleichung abgeleitet, deren Lösung sowohl die stationäre Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung und Feuerrate, als auch das Pulszugleistungsspektrum beschreibt.
Im zweiten Teil wird eine Theorie für große, spärlich verbundene und homogene Netzwerke aus IF Neuronen entwickelt, in der berücksichtigt wird, dass die zeitlichen Korrelationen von Pulszügen selbstkonsistent sind. Neuronale Eingangströme werden durch farbiges Gaußsches Rauschen modelliert, das von einem mehrdimensionalen Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Prozess (OUP) erzeugt wird. Die Koeffizienten des OUP sind vorerst unbekannt und sind als Lösung der Theorie definiert. Um heterogene Netzwerke zu untersuchen, wird eine iterative Methode erweitert.
Im dritten Teil wird die Fokker-Planck-Gleichung auf Binärentscheidungen von Diffusionsentscheidungsmodellen [Engl. diffusion-decision models (DDM)] angewendet. Explizite Gleichungen für die Entscheidungszugstatistiken werden für den einfachsten und analytisch lösbaren Fall von der Fokker-Planck-Gleichung hergeleitet. Für nichtliniear Modelle wird die Schwellwertintegrationsmethode erweitert.This thesis is concerned with the calculation of statistics, in particular the power spectra, of point processes generated by stochastic multidimensional integrate-and-fire (IF) neurons, networks of IF neurons and decision-making models from the corresponding Fokker-Planck equations. In the brain, information is encoded by sequences of action potentials. In studies that focus on spike timing, IF neurons that drastically simplify the spike generation have become the standard model. One-dimensional IF neurons do not suffice to accurately model neural dynamics, however, the extension towards multiple dimensions yields realistic behavior at the price of growing complexity. The first part of this work develops a theory of spike-train power spectra for stochastic, multidimensional IF neurons. From the Fokker-Planck equation, a set of partial differential equations is derived that describes the stationary probability density, the firing rate and the spike-train power spectrum. In the second part of this work, a mean-field theory of large and sparsely connected homogeneous networks of spiking neurons is developed that takes into account the self-consistent temporal correlations of spike trains. Neural input is approximated by colored Gaussian noise generated by a multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process of which the coefficients are initially unknown but determined by the self-consistency condition and define the solution of the theory. To explore heterogeneous networks, an iterative scheme is extended to determine the distribution of spectra. In the third part, the Fokker-Planck equation is applied to calculate the statistics of sequences of binary decisions from diffusion-decision models (DDM). For the analytically tractable DDM, the statistics are calculated from the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. To determine the statistics for nonlinear models, the threshold-integration method is generalized.
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Hetru, Laurent. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'interaction aérodynamique entre deux profils : application au risque aéronautique du décrochage profond." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4754/document.
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Le décrochage profond est un cas particulier du décrochage d’un avion, où l'empennage horizontal est entièrement situé dans le sillage décollé de la voilure principale. Le plan perd ainsi son efficacité, ce qui se traduit par une position d'équilibre en tangage stable, à une incidence élevée, dont il est impossible de sortir par une manœuvre simple. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser l’aérodynamique associée à ce phénomène et de proposer une procédure d’identification et de récupération. Il est proposé une démarche visant à déterminer la dynamique bidimensionnelle de l’écoulement autour d’une configuration aéronautique de référence. Les coefficients aérodynamiques, obtenus dans une large plage d’incidence, mettent en évidence l’effet de l’interaction entre les profils sur le décrochage, qui impacte principalement le profil aval. L’analyse des champs de vitesse fournit l’étendue et l’évolution axiale des sillages des profils. Un traitement des champs de vitesse par moyennes de phase permet de reconstruire la dynamique temporelle. À partir de ces résultats, un modèle potentiel de forçage de l’écoulement autour du profil aval permet d’expliquer la modification du coefficient de portance imposé par l’interaction. Des simulations numériques de l’écoulement, qui fournissent des champs résolus en temps, permettent de retrouver certaines évolutions expérimentales. L’ensemble des résultats est utilisé, en parallèle à des données issues d’un aéronef réel, dans un modèle de vol longitudinal afin d’analyser le comportement dynamique de l’avion. Des critères permettant d’identifier la dynamique qui conduit à cet équilibre, fournissent une détection précoce de ce dernierDeep stall is a specific type of airplane stall, in which the horizontal tail is inside the detached wake of the main wing. The tail loses its efficiency, leading to a stable pitching equilibrium position with a high angle-of-attack, without any easy recovery procedure. The aim of the study is to characterize the aerodynamic associated to that phenomenon in order to propose an identification and recovery procedure. The approach consists in a two-dimensional flow characterization based on an aeronautical reference configuration. Aerodynamic coefficients, obtained for a wide range of angles-of-attack, show the interaction between the airfoils on the stall of the downstream airfoil. The analysis of velocity fields gives the width and the axial development of the airfoils wakes. Phase-averages of velocity fields lead to the synthesis of flow time-development. With these results, a potential model of flow forcing on the downstream airfoil explains the lift coefficient alteration imposed by the interaction. Flow numerical simulations, giving time-resolved fields, provide good accordance with experimental developments .The whole set of results is used, concurrently with real aircraft data, inside a longitudinal flight model in order to analyze the airplane dynamical behavior. Criteria for the identification of the dynamic leading to that equilibrium provide a rapid detection of deep stall and the implementation of a recovery strategy
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Savelli, Nicola. "Misure sperimentali di nuove leggi di scala sull'attrito di parete generato da flussi turbolenti ad elevato numero di Reynolds." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22704/.
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L’attrito generato dal moto di un fluido a contatto con una parete solida gioca un ruolo cruciale in svariate applicazioni di stampo ingegneristico, con ricadute sui consumi energetici e le emissioni di sostanze inquinanti. La stima corretta dell’attrito nei flussi turbolenti wall-bounded è strettamente legata all’evoluzione del profilo di velocità media vicino a parete dove si considera la Logarithmic Law of the Wall come universale e indipendente dal numero di Reynolds. Un’indagine sulla bontà dei termini “universale” e “indipendente” per quanto riguarda la Log-Law si rende però necessaria per migliorare la stima dell’attrito attraverso codici di calcolo numerico. Il presente elaborato vuole presentare l’attività sperimentale portata avanti presso il laboratorio CICLoPE, nato con lo scopo di rispondere a quelle domande ancora in sospeso riguardanti proprio i flussi turbolenti ad elevati valori del numero di Reynolds. In particolare flussi wall-bounded all’interno di pipe lisci. La caratteristica fondamentale del laboratorio CICLoPE sta nel garantire elevati numeri di Reynolds e allo stesso tempo preservare la risoluzione spaziale grazie alle dimensioni del suo Long-Pipe. Esplorando un range del numero di Reynolds che va da 9,3\times{10}^3 a 22,6\times{10}^3 si vuole caratterizzare, con l’utilizzo di un anemometro a filo caldo di tipo CTA, il profilo di velocità media e stimare i coefficienti che ne descrivono l’andamento secondo la log-law. Per far ciò sfruttiamo la caratteristica principale che deriva dall’avere un flusso turbolento completamente sviluppato all’interno di un pipe, ovvero il poter legare il gradiente di pressione costante lungo la direzione assiale alla friction velocity. Le misure hanno prodotto una buona caratterizzazione del flusso, mostrando però una certa variabilità sulla stima in funzione del numero di Reynolds delle costanti \kappa e B che definiscono la log-law, in accordo con le evidenze sperimentali di altri studi.
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Machicoane, Nathanaël. "Particules matérielles en écoulement turbulent. Transport, dynamique aux temps longs et transfert thermique." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070651.
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Nous nous intéressons au transport turbulent de particules de taille grande devant l'échelle de Kolmogorov. Cette situation se retrouve à la fois dans les écoulements naturels (comme le transport de sédiments) et dans les écoulements industriels (solutés solides dans un mélangeur par exemple). Pour aborder ce problème, nous étudions la dynamique de particules de taille proche de l'échelle intégrale, de densité égale ou légèrement différente de celle du fluide, dans un écoulement turbulent de von Kármán contra-rotatif, à l'aide d'un montage de suivi lagrangien rapide. L'étude de la dynamique rapide des particules montre une diminution forte des fluctuations selon la taille, mais aussi l'apparition d'un phénomène nouveau : à partir d'une certaine taille, les particules n'explorent plus l'écoulement de façon homogène. Cette exploration préférentielle est liée à la structure moyenne de l'écoulement de von Kármán, qui crée une force de piégeage. Cette force devient alors supérieure aux fluctuations des particules quand leur taille dépasse une taille critique. Une étude dans le régime laminaire, où l'écoulement moyen domine largement les fluctuations, a en effet mis en évidence un piégeage fortement accru. Les particules orbitent alors pendant des temps très longs autour des attracteurs stables des particules fluides de l'écoulement laminaire. Même en régime pleinement turbulent, le déplacement des particules entre ces zones s'effectue sur des durées longues, décorrélées des temps de la dynamique turbulente. Nous avons adapté les outils d'analyse pour caractériser cette dynamique et l'avons comparée à celle de particules isodenses dans un écoulement de von Kármán qui possède deux états asymétriques. Nous avons également élaboré un modèle qui reproduit ces caractéristiques dans les cas symétrique et asymétrique. Ces questions sont intimement liées au transfert de masse ou de chaleur entre une particule et l'écoulement. Nous avons donc aussi étudié la fusion de grosses billes de glace en turbulence développée, analysant l'influence de la taille des billes et de la vitesse de glissement sur le transfert thermique, à l'aide d'un montage d'ombroscopie afocale. Nous avons notamment montré que les grosses billes de glace fondent dans un régime ultime de convection forcée lorsqu'elles sont librement advectées par l'écoulement.
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Brinkschulte, Judith. "The Cauchy-Riemann equation with support conditions on domains with Levi-degenerate boundaries." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14734.
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In einem ersten Teil betrachten wir ein relativ kompaktes Gebiet Omega einer n-dimensionalen Kähler-Mannigfaltigkeit, mit Lipschitz-Rand, welches eine gewisse "log delta"-Pseudokonvexität besitzt. Wir zeigen, dass die Cauchy-Riemann Gleichung mit exaktem Träger in Omega für alle Bigrade (p,q) mit 0< q< n-1 eine Lösung besitzt. Ausserdem ist das Bild des Cauchy-Riemann Operators auf glatten (p,n-1)-Formen mit exaktem Träger in Omega abgeschlossen. Wir geben Anwendungen für die Lösbarkeit der tangentialen Cauchy-Riemann Gleichungen für glatte Formen und Ströme auf Rändern von schwach pseudokonvexen Gebieten Steinscher Mannigfaltigkeiten und für die Lösbarkeit der tangentialen Cauchy-Riemann Gleichungen für Ströme auf Levi-flachen CR Mannigfaltigkeiten beliebiger Kodimension. In einem zweiten Teil untersuchen wir die Cauchy-Riemann Gleichung mit Randbedingung Null entlang einer Hyperfläche mit konstanter Signatur. Wir geben Anwendungen für die Lösbarkeit der tangentialen Cauchy-Riemann Gleichung für glatte Formen mit kompaktem Träger und für Ströme auf der Hyperfläche. Wir zeigen auch, dass das Hartogs-Phänomen in schwach 2-konvex-konkaven Hyperflächen mit konstanter Signatur Steinscher Mannigfaltigkeiten gilt.In a first part, we consider a domain Omega with Lipschitz boundary, which is relatively compact in an n-dimensional Kaehler manifold and satisfies some "log delta-pseudoconvexity" condition. We show that the Cauchy-Riemann equation with exact support in Omega admits a solution in bidegrees (p,q), 1 < q < n. Moreover, the range of the Cauchy-Riemann operator acting on smooth (p,n-1)-forms with exact support in Omega is closed. Applications are given to the solvability of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations for smooth forms and currents for all intermediate bidegrees on boundaries of weakly pseudoconvex domains in Stein manifolds and to the solvability of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations for currents on Levi-flat CR manifolds of arbitrary codimension. In a second part, we study the Cauchy-Riemann equation with zero Cauchy data along a hypersurface with constant signature. Applications to the solvability of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations for smooth forms with compact support and currents on the hypersurface are given. We also prove that the Hartogs phenomenon holds in weakly 2-convex-concave hypersurfaces with constant signature of Stein manifolds.
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Schade, Alexander. "Synthese und Charakterisierung von enolisierbaren Barbituratfarbstoffen als Sensoren für Nukleinbasenderivate." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-215808.
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In dieser Arbeit wird die Synthese neuartiger 5-monosubstituierter Barbituratfarbstoffe mit elektronenziehenden Substituenten in 5-Position beschrieben. Durch diese Funktionalisierung entstehen schaltbare Farbstoffe mit einer farblosen Ketoform und einer farbigen Enolform. Die Einflüsse verschieden stark elektronenziehender Substituenten sowie unterschiedlich großer konjugierter π-Systeme auf die Keto-Enol-Tautomerie wurden untersucht. Dies erfolgt einerseits mittels Röntgeneinkristallstrukturanalysen der Festkörper und andererseits mit solvatochromen Untersuchungen in Lösung. Durch die Keto-Enol-Tautomerie der Barbituratfarbstoffe wird die Wasserstoffbrücken¬bindungssequenz beim Übergang zwischen Keto- und Enol-Form verändert. Es wurde gezeigt, dass durch Zugabe von Rezeptoren mit komplementärer Wasserstoffbrückenbindungssequenz zur Enol-Form das tautomere Gleichgewicht der Barbitursäuren hin zur Enol-Form verschoben werden kann. Um hierzu verlässliche Aussagen zu erhalten wurden vergleichende Experimente mit N,N´-dialkylierten Barbituratfarbstoffen durchgeführt.
Aufgrund der Synthesestrategie der Barbituratfarbstoffe, welche ausgehend von Barbituratanionen über nukleophile aromatische Substitutionsreaktionen hergestellt wurden, war es zweckmäßig die Nukleophilieparameter der Barbituratanionen zu ermitteln. Dazu wurde der Ansatz von Mayr gewählt und die Nukleophilie von vier Barbituratanionen bestimmt.
Weiterhin konnte in dieser Arbeit die Charakterisierung von ionischen Flüssigkeiten nach der 4-Parameter-Gleichung von Catalán umgesetzt werden. Dabei gelang es erstmal für eine vielzahl verschiedener ionischer Flüssigkeiten die Polarisierbarkeit und Dipolarität getrennt voneinander mit Hilfe zweier solvatochromer Farbstoffe zu ermitteln.
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Günther, Thomas, and Heike Moses. "Faktoren für eine erfolgreiche Steuerung von Patentaktivitäten." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1158060347086-06372.
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Empirischen Studien zufolge können Patente sich positiv auf den Unternehmenserfolg auswirken. Allerdings wirkt dieser Effekt nicht automatisch, sondern Unternehmen müssen sich um den Aufbau und die gesteuerte Weiterentwicklung eines nachhaltigen und wertvollen Patentportfolios bemühen. Bisher ist jedoch nicht wissenschaftlich untersucht worden, welche Maßnahmen Unternehmen ergreifen können, um die unternehmensinternen Vorraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Steuerung von Patentaktivitäten zu schaffen. Um diese betrieblichen Faktoren zu identifizieren und deren Relevanz zu quantifizieren, wurden 2005 in einer breiten empirischen Untersuchung die aktiven Patentanmelder im deutschsprachigen Raum (über 1.000 Unternehmen) mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens befragt. Auf der Basis von 325 auswertbaren Fragebögen (Ausschöpfungsquote 36,8 %) konnten zum einen Ergebnisse zum aktuellen Aufgabenspektrum der Patentabteilungen sowie zu deren organisatorischen und personellen Strukturen gewonnen werden. Ebenfalls wurde in dieser Status quo-Analyse der Bekanntheits- und Implementierungsgrad von Methoden und Systemen (z. B. Patentbewertungsmethoden, Patent-IT-Systeme) beleuchtet. Zum anderen wurden die betrieblichen Faktoren herausgestellt, auf die technologieorientierte Unternehmen achten sollten, um das Fundament für eine erfolgreiche Patentsteuerung zu legenEmpirical studies have shown that patents can have a positive effect on corporate success. However, this effect does not occur by itself. Companies have to make an effort to create and to develop a sustainable patent portfolio. So far, no academic studies have investigated into which actions a company can take to establish the internal conditions for successful patent management. To identify and to quantify the relevance of these internal factors, a study was conducted using a standardized written questionnaire with more than 1,000 patent-oriented companies in the German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein). In total, 325 valid questionnaires were included in the analyses; this corresponds to an above-average response rate of 36.8 %. These analyses revealed insights into the current task profile of patent departments and their organizational and personnel structures. This status quo analysis also included the investigation into the awareness and implementation level of used methods and systems (e. g. patent evaluation methods, patent IT systems). Furthermore, the study could expose the internal determinants, which technology-oriented companies should focus on to ensure a successful patent management
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Oppenländer, Christian [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Niehaus. "Time-dependent density functional tight binding combined with the Liouville-von Neumann equation applied to AC transport in molecular electronics / Christian Oppenländer. Betreuer: Thomas Niehaus." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068055898/34.
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Gerlach, Carina. "Dispersionsoptimierung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren für die Herstellung von Polymer-Komposit-Drucksensoren." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-226222.
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Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (engl. carbon nanotubes, CNT)-Polymer-Komposite haben ein großes Potential im Bereich sensorischer Anwendungen. Dabei spielen die elektrischen Eigenschaften des Komposits und deren Änderungen unter mechanischer Belastung eine entscheidende Rolle. Einen maßgeblichen Einfluss nimmt dabei das Aspektverhältnis der CNT-Agglomerate sowie der CNTs selbst ein, welches jeweils vom CNT-Desagglomerationsprozess bestimmt wird. Die Dispergierung beeinflusst folglich auch die elektrische Leitfähigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit des Komposits sowohl im mechanisch unbelasteten als auch belasteten Zustand. Dies wurde anhand von (teil-)analytischen Modellen gezeigt. Die Dispersionsqualität wird dabei von vielen Faktoren beeinflusst, wobei die Prozessparameter beim Ultraschalldispergieren derzeit nach der Trial-and-Error-Methode bestimmt werden. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde eine Dispergiergleichung für zylindrische Partikel, die CNTs näherungsweise sind, erstmals für die Dispergierung von CNTs in Lösungsmitteln entwickelt, angewendet sowie verifiziert. Die Gültigkeit der Gleichung für CNTs wurde durch Variation der Ultraschallparameter Zeit sowie Energie und deren Einfluss auf den Dispergiergrad gezeigt. Die mittels UV-VIS-Spektroskopie gemessene Extinktion diente dabei als indirekte Messgröße des Dispergiergrads. Nach Vorversuchen zur geeigneten Materialauswahl wurden alle relevanten Einflussparameter berechnet oder experimentell bestimmt. Die experimentelle Verifikation erfolgte an CNT-N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidon-Dispersionen, die mittels Ultraschallsonotrode kontrolliert dispergiert wurden. Im Ergebnis wurde gezeigt, dass die Bestimmung der optimalen Ultraschallparameter möglich ist und die bis dahin übliche Praxis der experimentellen Bestimmung der Dispergierparameter für CNTs ablösen kann. Mithin wurde die Grundlage für die Herstellung elektrisch reproduzierbarer CNT-Polymer-Komposit-basierter Sensoren gelegt. Darüber hinaus wurde das Anwendungspotential dieses Sensorkonzepts für Einzelsensoren zur punktuellen Druckmessung über eine Druckverteilungsmessung als Sensormatrix bis hin zur Anwendung als Einlegesohle im Schuh zur Überwachung des Drucks gezeigtCarbon nanotubes (CNT) polymer composites in the field of sensory applications have considerable potential. However, their electrical properties and their changes under mechanical stress play a decisive role. The deagglomeration process of the CNTs also has a great influence on the aspect ratio of the CNT agglomerates as well as the CNTs themselves and thus the electrical conductivity and reproducibility of the composite in both the mechanically unloaded and loaded state.This is shown by means of (partially) analytical models. The dispersion quality is influenced by many factors. The process parameters during ultrasound dispersion are currently being determined by a trial-and-error method. Within the scope of the work, a dispersing equation for cylindrical particles, which are approximate to CNTs, was first developed, applied and verified for the dispersion of CNTs in solvents. The validity of the equation for CNTs was shown by the variation of the ultrasonic parameters time as well as energy and their influence on the degree of dispersion. The absorbance measured by means of UV-VIS spectroscopy serves as an indirect measure of the degree of dispersion. After pre-testing for suitable material selection, all relevant influencing parameters were calculated or determined experimentally. Experimental verification was carried out on CNT-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dispersions, which were dispersed in a controlled manner by means of an ultrasonic sonotrode. As a result, it is illustrated that the determination of the optimal ultrasonic parameters is possible and can replace the conventional practice of the experimental determination of the dispersing parameters for CNTs. Accordingly, the basis for the production of electrically reproducible CNT polymer composite-based sensors has been established. In addition, the application potential of this sensor concept ranging from individual sensors for selective pressure measurement over pressure distribution measurement as a sensor matrix to the application as a shoe insole for pressure monitoring was shown
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Grenner, Andreas. "Thermodynamische Untersuchungen von Phasengleichgewichten in komplexen Systemen mit assoziierenden Komponenten." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1159379739386-68745.
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The knowledge of phase equilibrium is essential for the planning and realisation of separation processes in chemical engineering. In this work an equipment for measurement of precise isothermal vapour–liquid equilibria (VLE) using the dynamic method was developed. The pool of experimental data for cyclohexylamine was extended significantly. Isothermal VLE were measured in 3 binary and 4 ternary systems, liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) were measured in 4 ternary systems and in one quarternary system, in each case for two temperatures, whereas in 2 ternary systems and in the quarternary system even liquid-liquid-liquid equilibria (LLLE) occur. Furthermore, activity coefficients at infinite dilution in 4 binary systems and excess molar volumes in 7 binary systems have been estimated. Binary VLE and LLE data of the components water, octane, cyclohexylamine and aniline of this work and data from literature were fitted with the activity coefficient models NRTL and UNIQUAC, as well as with the equations of state Elliott-Suresh-Donohue (ESD) and Perturbed-Chain-Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) which contain both a term to consider explicit hydrogen bonds. In addition, the predictive capabilities of the equations of state (EoS) were investigated. With parameters obtained by simultaneous fitting of VLE and, if available, LLE data similar results with the models NRTL and UNIQUAC could be obtained. Each time the deviations for the vapour pressure were lower than 3 % and lower than 2 % in vapour phase composition. The deviations, in three out of the six systems for vapour pressure and vapour phase composition, were larger with the ESD-EoS than with the activity coefficient models. NRTL, UNIQUAC and ESD delivered similar results with the simultaneously fitted parameters for the LLE, whereas the deviations were lower than 5 %. Comparable results were delivered by the ESD-EoS and PC-SAFT for the fitting and the prediction in the investigated binary systems. Also a fitting for NRTL, UNIQUAC and ESD was carried out, but only to one data set. The intention was to show the effect of parameterization on prediction in ternary systems. Predictions were made for VLE and LLE in ternary systems of the above mentioned components, solely with interaction parameters fitted to binary data. For the models NRTL, UNIQUAC und ESD predictions of simultaneously and separately fitted parameters are presented. It is shown that with parameters simultaneously fitted to several data sets significantly better results could be obtained compared to the parameters separately fitted to a single data set. Additionally, for the equations of state ESD and PC-SAFT predictions for the LL(L)E in ternary systems are compared, but here only with separately fitted parameters. For three out of the four investigated ternary systems a too large miscibility gap is calculated with the models NRTL, UNIQUAC and ESD. In the system water+octane+aniline good results could be obtained for the prediction of the LLLE. In summary the equations of state deliver similar results. In the systems water+octane+CHA and octane+CHA+aniline also too large two phase regions were delivered. Better predictions could be obtained in the systems water+octane+aniline and water+CHA+aniline. The forecasts of the VLE in the ternary systems are good with the simultaneously fitted parameters. The deviations for the vapour phase compositions are as for the vapour pressures under 6 %. Larger deviations occur for the system water+octane+aniline only. As evaluation result for the thermodynamic models can be mentioned that the activity coefficient models NRTL and UNIQUAC deliver somewhat better results for the fitting of the binary data than the equations of state ESD and PC-SAFT however, with a larger number of adjustable parameters. The prediction of the VLE is satisfactorily in the ternary systems and with similar quality of all considered models. Larger deviations occur for the prediction of the LL(L)E in the ternary systems. The results of the ESD-EoS were, with one exception, each time better than those of the activity coefficient models. There is no significant difference between the prediction of the ternary systems for the ESD-EoS and the PC-SAFT.
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Fedala, Djaafer. "Modélisation du bruit à large bande rayonné par un profil isolé : application aux turbomachines." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003209.
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Les nuisances sonores sont devenues une importante préoccupation environnementale. L'accroissement des exigences de confort et le durcissement des réglementations européennes et mondiales ont rendu la réduction du bruit aérodynamique des turbomachines un enjeu primordial pour plusieurs industries. Ce travail a pour objectif principal le développement d'outils de modélisation de la composante à large bande du bruit des ventilateurs de façon à l'intégrer comme critère d'optimisation dès leur phase de conception. L'étude est concentrée sur les deux sources reconnues pour leurs contributions significatives dans le bruit rayonné : l'interaction des pales avec l'écoulement turbulent amont et la diffraction de la couche limite turbulente au niveau du bord de fuite. Dans un premier temps, une approche reposant sur la formulation analytique d'Amiet pour la prédiction du bruit d'un profil isolé disposé dans un écoulement turbulent est mise en oeuvre. L'effet de l'épaisseur n'est pas pris en compte dans la formulation initiale d'Amiet. Une correction gaussienne a été proposée sur la base des travaux de Gershfeld améliorant ainsi considérablement les résultats de calculs. Une extension vers la turbomachine est ensuite proposée et validée expérimentalement. Un ventilateur axial est disposé à l'amont de différents écoulements incidents turbulents générés par cinq dispositifs de contrôle de turbulence. La turbulence incidente est caractérisée par le modèle spectral de von Kármán à partir des mesures à fils chauds. La confrontation des spectres de puissance acoustique calculés à ceux mesurés donne un accord satisfaisant sur une large bande fréquentielle audible. Dans la deuxième partie, une modélisation hybride combinant des Simulations des Grandes Echelles avec une solution intégrale dans le domaine temporel de l'analogie de Ffowcs Willimas & Hawkings est développée. Une validation complétée par une étude des erreurs numériques du code acoustique développé sur la base de la formulation intégrale 1A de Farassat avec une surface perméable de Di Francescontonio a été réalisée. Les simulations LES bidimensionnelles de l'écoulement turbulent autour d'un profil ont reproduit la transition de la couche limite turbulente et le détachement tourbillonnaire au bord de fuite. L'analyse des spectres de pression pariétale a révélé que l écoulement amont a un important effet sur les fluctuations de pression pariétale et leurs localisations.
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Lederer, Christian. "Konjugation stochastischer und zufälliger stationärer Differentialgleichungen und eine Version des lokalen Satzes von Hartman-Grobman für stochastische Differentialgleichungen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14675.
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Für zufällige dynamische Systeme mit stetiger Zeit existieren zwei wichtige Klassen von Generatoren: Zum einen stationäre zufällige ifferentialgleichungen, i.e. gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen, die von einem stationärer zufälligen Vektorfeld getrieben werden, und zum anderen stochastische Stratonovichdifferentialgleichungen mit weißem Rauschen. Während die erste Klasse sich gut in den ergodentheoretischen Rahmen der Theorie der zufälligen dynamischen Systeme einfügt, widersetzte sich die zweite Klasse lange Zeit der dynamischen Untersuchung aufgrund des "Konflikts zwischen Ergodentheorie und stochastischer Analysis". In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß beide Klassen von zufälligen dynamischen Systemen nicht wesentlich verschieden sind, genauer: Zu jeder stochastischen Stratonovichdifferentialgleichung mit weißem Rauschen (unter den üblichen Regularitätsforderungen an die Vektorfelder, die die Existenz von Flüssen garantieren) existiert eine stationäre zufällige Differentialgleichung derart, daß die erzeugten zufälligen dynamischen Systeme konjugiert sind. Als Anwendung wird eine Version des lokalen Linearisierungssatzes von Hartman/Grobman für stochastische Stratonovichdifferentialgleichungen bewiesen.For continuous time random dynamical systems there exist two important classes of generators: on the one hand stationary random differential quations, i.e. ordinary differential equations driven by a stationary random vector field, and on the other hand stochastic Stratonovich differential equations with white noise. While the first class fits well into the framework of the theory of random dynamical systems, the second class resisted for a long time the dynamical investigation due to the "conflict between ergodic theory and stochastic analysis". The main result of this thesis is that both classes of random dynamical systems are not essentially distinct, more precisely: For each stochastic Stratonovich differential equation with white noise (under usual regularity assumptions) there exists a stationary random differential equation such that the corresponding random dynamical systems are conjugate. As an application a version of the local Hartman/Grobman theorem for stochastic differential equations is proved.
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Rathmann, Wigand. "Parameterschätzung in gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-86892.
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Zur Beschreibung von realen Prozessen werden oft Differentialgleichungen herangezogen. Liegen nun Messdaten von diesen Prozessen vor, so sollen auch die Parameter im mathematischen Modell so gewählt werden, dass diese den Messungen entsprechen. Dieser Vortrag zeigt, wie dies in Mathcad mit der Funktion genfit realisiert werden kann.
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Linden, Hans Paul Olav. "Zur dissipativen Dynamik von Ein- und Zwei-Teilchensystemen in molekularen Komplexen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14716.
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In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Untersuchungen vorgestellt, die sich mit drei verschiedenen Aspekten der Dynamik offener Quantensysteme beschäftigen. Zwei Themenkreise haben dabei mehr grundsätzliche Probleme der Theorie dissipativer Molekularsysteme zum Gegenstand. Dementsprechend müssen die Betrachtungen dazu auf einem allgemeineren Niveau verbleiben. In dem dritten Themenkreis jedoch, der sich mit Zwei-Teilchen-Effekten in der dissipativen Dynamik befaßt, können die Untersuchungen bis hin zu Berechnung von Meßgrößen geführt werden. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit gelingt eine Verallgemeinerung der vielbenutzten Standardform der Quanten-Master-Gleichung hin zur Nichtlinearen Quanten-Master-Gleichung. Mit der Anwendung der dazugehörigen zeitabhängigen Projektionsoperator-Technik kann ein Formalismus reaktiviert werden, der in der Literatur bisher eine nur sehr eingeschränkte Verbreitung findet. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit widmet sich Untersuchungen zur Monte-Carlo-Wellenfunktions-Methode mit dem Ergebnis, eine konsistente Verallgemeinerung auf ein Reservoir mit endlicher Temperatur anzugeben. Den Ausgangspunkt dazu bildet ein mikroskopisches Modell zur System-Reservoir-Kopplung, welches im Rahmen der Bewegungsgleichung für den reduzierten statistischen Operator in die sogenannte Lindblad-Form der Dissipation überführt wird. Nach der Betrachtung von Ein-Teilchen-Transferprozessen beschäftigt sich der dritte Teil der Arbeit mit der korrelierten Bewegung von zwei Quantenteilchen in einer dissipativen Umgebung mit der Hinwendung zum Zwei-Wasserstoff-System (Dihydrid-System) an Übergangsmetall-Verbindungen. Zunächst werden Modellrechnungen zur dissipationfreien Zwei-Teilchen-Dynamik in einem Potentialmodell durchzuführt. Der Einfluß, den die Teilchen-Teilchen-Korrelationen auf das Durchtunneln eines Potentialwalles besitzt, können durch verschiedene numerische Rechnungen aufgezeigt werden. Wie sich diese Effekte in Neutronenstreuexperimenten an dem Zwei-Teilchen-System der Übergangsmetall-Hydrid-Komplexe äußern, wird basierend auf Simulationsrechnungen untersucht. Kernstück dieser Betrachtungen bildet eine neuartige Formel für die Neutronenstreuung, die auf der dissipativen Dynamik des betrachteten Zwei-Teilchen-Systems aufbaut.In the report at hand studies are presented dealing with three differentaspects of the dynamics of open quantum systems. Two topics are about the fundamental problems of the theory of dissipative molecular systems. Accordingly these investigations must remain on a more general level. In the third subject, however, which is about the two-particle effects in the dissipative dynamics the analyses can be extended to the computation of measurements. In the first part of the report a generalization of the well known standard quantum master equation to the nonlinear quantum master equation is developed. With the help of the projection operator technique belonging to it a formalism, that has not been popular in literature so far, can be reactivated. The second part of the report concentrates on examinations of the Monte-Carlo wave-function method, and results in the consistent generalization for a reservoir of finite temperature. The starting point for this is a microscopic model of the system-reservoir coupling, which is expanded to the so called Lindblad form of the dissipation in the line of the equation of motion for the reduced statistical operator. After the analysis of one-particle transfer processes the third part of the report is about the correlated motion of two quantum particles in a dissipative environment with main emphasis on the two-hydrogen system (dihydrid system) in transition metal complexes. First of all model computations for the dissipationless two-particle dynamics in a potential model are made. By different numerical computations the influence, which the particle-particle correlations exert on the tunneling through a potential barrier, can be shown.Based on simulations it is examined how these effects can be seen in neutron scattering experiments on two-particle systems of transition metal complexes. Main item of these investigations is a new formula for the neutron scattering which is based on the dissipative dynamics of the examined two-particle system.
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Verga, Federico Daniel. "Modélisation mathématique de processus métastatiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10140.
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Cette thèse traite de l'étude d'un modèle mathématique de croissance tumorale métastatique et de ses éventuelles applications en clinique. Il y est développé en particulier une étude théorique et numérique des modèles présentés. La première partie du manuscrit traite de l'étude d'un modèle de croissance métastatique non traitée où il est introduit un nouvel outil in silico: l'Index Métastatique qui pourrait permettre de quantifier l'état métastatique d'un patient donné et qui pourrait ainsi venir renforcer les classifications tumorales déja existantes. La deuxieme partie traite de l'étude du modèle enrichi de manière à prendre en compte l'action d'un traitement par chimiothérapie. Il y est présenté une étude théorique et numérique du modéle modifié ainsi que des exemples de simulation visant a étudier l'évolution de l'index métastatique infléchi par l'action du traitement. La dernière partie de ce manuscrit est consacrée a l'étude des potentialités du modèle en termes d'applications cliniques. Il y est décrit en particulier une manière de rendre compte de la fiabilité du modèle en confrontant les simulations avec des résultats provenant d'une étude clinique. Enfin il est étudié quelques pistes pour affiner la classification de l'état de la maladie d'un patient et de comment déterminer les traitements les plus efficaces afin de minimiser la survenue de récidivesThis thesis deals with the study of a mathematical model of growing metastatic tumors and its possible clinical applications. In particular, it is developed a theoretical and numerical study of the models. The first part of this manuscript is devoted to the study of a model of non treated metastatic growth where it is introduce a new in silico tool called Metastatic Index which could permit to quantify the metastatic staging of a given patient and could consequently improve the existing classifications of tumoral aggressiveness. The second part of this thesis deals with the study of the modified model in order to take into account a chemotherapy treatment. It is presented a theoretical and numerical study and some simulation examples aiming at studying the evolution of the metastatic index inflected by the action of the treatment. The last part of this manuscript is devoted to study the potentialities of the model concerning clinical applications. In particular it is described a way to establish in some manner the reliability of the model comparing some results of simulations with real clinical results. Finally, it is presented a possible way aiming at refining the classification of the metastatic staging of a patient and how to determine the more efficient treatments in order to minimize the occurrence of recurrences
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Li, Xiaojing. "Relating Brain Signal Complexity, Cognitive Performance and APOE Polymorphism – the Case of Young Healthy Adults." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21383.
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Das menschliche Gehirn ist ein komplexes System, dessen Komplexität von großer funktioneller Bedeutung. Das APOE ɛ4 Allel ist ein gut untersuchter genetischer Risiko-Faktor für die Ausbildung der Alzheimer’schen Demenz. Das wesentliche Ziel dieser Dissertation ist die Untersuchung der Verbindungen zwischen der Komplexität von Hirn-Signalen, APOE-Genotyp und kognitiver Leistung bei jungen gesunden Erwachsenen unter dem Gesichtspunkt individueller Unterschiede. Nachdem ich in der ersten Studie die Reliabilität der Residual Iteration Decomposition (RIDE), einer Methode zur Analyse von Gehirnsignalen, validiert hatte, im der zweiten Studie untersuchte ich, wie APOE-Genotypen mit der Komplexität des Gehirnsignals assoziiert sind, gemessen mit Multiscale Entropy (MSE) und kognitiven Fähigkeiten. Die zweite Studie zeigte, dass APOE ɛ4 mit einer höheren Entropie im Skala 1 bis 4 und einer niedrigeren Entropie im Skala 5 und darüber assoziiert ist; Darüber hinaus gibt es bei ε4-Trägern einen stärkeren Abfall der MSE von geschlossenen zu offenen Augen als bei Nicht-Trägern. Die ε4-Assoziation mit der kognitiven Leistung war komplex, aber im Grunde scheint ε4 mit einer schlechteren kognitiven Leistung bei Menschen mit niedrigerem Bildungsstand verbunden zu sein, während bei Hochschulabsolventen keine solche Assoziation auftrat. Anschließend verband die dritte Studie MSE mit einer anderen kognitiven Domäne - Gesichts- und Objekterkennungsfähigkeiten. Wir haben gezeigt, dass 1) eine erhöhte MSE bei geschlossenen Augen auf allen Skalen mit einer besseren kognitiven Leistung verbunden ist. 2) Eine erhöhte MSE in höheren Skalen war mit einer engeren Kopplung zwischen der RIDE-extrahierten Geschwindigkeit der Bewertung des Stimulus für einen einzelnen Versuch und der Reaktionszeit verbunden. Zusammenfassend, die Ergebnisse verbanden die Komplexität des Gehirnsignals, den APOE-Genotyp und das kognitive Verhalten bieten ein tieferes Verständnis der Gehirn-Verhaltens-Beziehungen.Human brain is a complex dynamical system, whose complexity could be highly functional and characterize cognitive abilities or mental disorders. The APOE ɛ4 allele is a well-known genetic risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s Disease and cognitive decline in later human life. The main goal of this study is to investigate the bridges between brain signal complexity, APOE genotype and cognitive performance among young adults under the framework of individual difference. After validating the reliability of Residue Iteration decomposition (RIDE), a method for analysis brain signals in the first study, I investigated in the second study how individual differences in APOE genotypes are associated with brain signal complexity measured with Multiscale Entropy (MSE) and cognitive ability. The second study demonstrated that APOE ε4 is associated with higher entropy at scale 1-4 and lower entropy at scale 5 and above, especially at frontal scalp regions and in an eyes open condition; in addition, there’s a stronger drop in MSE from closed to open eyes condition among ε4 carriers than non-carriers. The ε4 association with cognitive performance was complex, but basically ε4 seems to be associated with worse cognitive performance among lower educated people, whereas no such association appeared among the higher educated. Afterwards, the third study connected MSE with a different cognitive domain – face and object cognition abilities. We showed that 1) increased MSE for a closed eyes condition at all scales is associated with better cognitive performance. 2) Increased MSE at higher scales (7 or 8) was associated with tighter coupling between RIDE-extracted single trial stimulus evaluation speed at the neural level and reaction time at the behavior level. To summarize, the results of my doctoral study connected brain signal complexity, APOE genotype and cognitive behavior among young healthy adults, providing a deeper understanding of brain-behavior relationships and – potentially – for early AD diagnosis when cognitive decline is not yet evident.
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COSTA, Denise Fabiana de Moraes. "Aspectos de crescimento e mortalidade do guanhumi (CARDISOMA GUANHUMI) em um manguezal de acesso restrito na Ilha de Itamaracá – PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18350.
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FACEPE
O conhecimento dos parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade em braquiúros é fundamental para a compreensão da sua dinâmica e para o manejo de suas populações. Neste sentido, foram estimados os parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade para Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825 (guaiamum), uma espécie com elevada importância socioeconômica no nordeste brasileiro e atualmente considerada pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente como Criticamente em Perigo de extinção. As amostragens foram efetuadas durante um ano, entre abril de 2015 a março de 2016, na margem superior do mangue do CMA/ICMBio/CEPENE na ilha de Itamaracá, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram capturados, medidos e pesados 1078 indivíduos (572 machos e 506 fêmeas). Destes, 291 indivíduos foram marcados com microchips PIT ("Passive Integrated Transponder"), para determinação dos parâmetros de crescimento através dos incrementos de peso e tamanho e do crescimento individual. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados o método ELEFAN I (baseado na distribuição de frequência de largura de carapaça de 1078 indivíduos), inserido no pacote computacional Fisat II e através da função GrowthTraject (baseada em incrementos individuais de 291 indivíduos marcados com PITs, utilizando o pacote fishmethods (Ambiente de programação “R”). Os indivíduos de C.guanhumi apresentaram largura da carapaça entre 20,9 e 70,0 mm (média: 43,45 mm, desvio padrão: 8,53 mm, mediana: 44,05 mm) o peso total entre 4 e 162 g (média: 45,85 g, desvio padrão: 25,34 g, mediana: 44,0 g). Não houve diferenças significativas, em tamanho médio e peso médio, entre machos e fêmeas. Os parâmetros de crescimento estimados com a função GrowthTraject para 130 incrementos (machos e fêmeas) foram: Linf (tamanho assintótico) = 108,03 mm (largura da carapaça); K (coeficiente de crescimento) = 0,145 ano-1. A Mortalidade total (Z) da população, estimada pelo método Length – converted Catch Curve (pacote FISAT II) usando os parâmetros de crescimento do GrowthTraject foi de = 2,39 ano-1. Não ocorrem capturas comerciais nesta área fechada, portanto, este valor equivale à mortalidade total e natural (Z=M). A idade dos indivíduos capturados variou de 1,49 anos (20,9mm) a 7,02 anos (70,0mm). O recrutamento, calculado no pacote FISAT II e estimado através da presença de juvenis, mostrou-se contínuo durante todo o ano. Os métodos de análises de frequência e comprimento inseridos no pacote FISAT (Bhattacharya, ELEFAN I e Shepherd’s) não foram capazes de determinar os parâmetros de crescimento, provavelmente devido ao crescimento lento e recrutamento contínuo durante todo ano. O tamanho total da população no manguezal do CMA foi estimado em 1262 indivíduos (+- 401ind.), baseado nos dados de marcação e recaptura.
Knowledge on the growth parameters and mortality in brachyuran is fundamental to the understanding of the dynamics and management of their populations. Growth and mortality parameters were estimated for Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825 (locally known as”guaiamum”), a species with high socio-economic importance in northeastern Brazil and currently considered by the Ministry of the Environment as Critically Endangered of Extinction. The samples were taken over one year, from April 2015 to March 2016, at the upper margin of a small, isolated mangrove patch at CMA-ICMBio-CEPENE on Itamaracá Island, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 1078 individuals (572 males and 506 females) were captured, measured and weighed. Of these, 291 individuals were marked with PIT tags (Passive Integrated Transponder tags), as to determine the growth parameters through the analysis of the increments in weight and size and individual growth. For the data analysis, we used the ELEFAN I method (based on the frequency distribution of carapace width 1078 individuals), inserted into the computer package FISAT II and through the GrowthTraject function (based on individual increments of 291 individuals marked with PIT tags, using the fishmethods package ("R” Environment). C. guanhumi showed carapace widths between 20.9 and 70.0 mm (mean: 43,45 mm, standard deviation: 8,53 mm, median: 44,05 mm) and total weight between 4 and 162 g (mean: 45,85 g, standard deviation: 25,34 g, median: 44,0 g). There were no significant differences in average size and average weight between males and females. Growth parameters estimated with the fishmethods package, based on 130 increments (males and females), were: L∞ (asymptotic carapace width) = 108.03 mm; K (coefficient growth) = 0.145 y-1. Total mortality (Z) of the population, estimated through the Length-converted catch Curve method (FISAT II package), using the fishmethods growth parameters, was 2.39 y-1. Since this is a restricted area without regular commercial catches, so this value is roughly equivalent to the total and natural mortality (Z = M). The age of the individuals captured ranged from 1.49 years (20,9 mm) to 7.02 years (70,0 mm). Recruitment, calculated in FISAT II package and estimated by the presence of juveniles, showed to be continuous throughout the year. The methods of length-frequency analysis inserted in the FISAT package (Bhattachary of protective measures for this species.
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Novotný, Vojtěch. "Vliv zakončení výztužné lopatky u Francisovy turbíny na tvorbu Karmánových vírů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232009.
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In the flow past bluff bodies for a certain range of velocity a periodical vortex shedding emerges which is known as von Kármán vortex street. This phenomenon causes the periodical alteration of pressure field which affects the body. Should the vortex shedding frequency be similar to the body natural frequency, the amplitude of vibration significantly increases which can lead to fatigue cracking. In the case of water turbines, this phenomenon often affects the stay vanes. Both the vortex shedding frequency and the lift force amplitude can be influenced by the modification of the trailing edge geometry. The aim of this thesis is to use CFD computation in order to find the optimal geometry of the stay vane trailing edge for the specific Francis turbine unit.
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Heidernätsch, Mario. "On the diffusion in inhomogeneous systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-169979.
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Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Einflusses der stochastischen Interpretation der Langevin Gleichung mit zustandsabhängigen Diffusionskoeffizienten auf den Propagator des zugehörigen stochastischen Prozesses bzw. dessen Mittelwerte. Dies dient dem besseren Verständnis und der Interpretation von Messdaten von Diffusion in inhomogenen Systemen und geht einher mit der Frage der Form der Diffusionsgleichung in solchen Systemen. Zur Vereinfachung der Fragestellung werden in dieser Arbeit nur Systeme untersucht die vollständig durch einen ortsabhängigen Diffusionskoeffizienten und Angabe der stochastischen Interpretation beschrieben werden können. Dazu wird zunächst für mehrere experimentell relevante eindimensionale Systeme der jeweilige allgemeine Propagator bestimmt, der für jede denkbare stochastische Interpretation gültig ist. Der analytisch bestimmte Propagator wird dann für zwei exemplarisch ausgewählte stochastische Interpretationen, hier für die Itô und Klimontovich-Hänggi Interpretation, gegenübergestellt und die Unterschiede identifiziert. Für Mittelwert und Varianz der Prozesse werden die drei wesentlichen stochastischen Interpretationen verglichen, also Itô, Stratonovich und Klimontovich-Hänggi Interpretation. Diese systematische Untersuchung von inhomogenen Diffusionsprozessen kann zukünftig helfen diese Art von, in genau einer stochastischen Interpretation, driftfreien Systemen einfacher zu identifizieren. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Teil der Arbeit erweitert die Frage auf mehrdimensionale inhomogene anisotrope Systeme. Dies wird z.B. bei der Untersuchung von Diffusion in Flüssigkristallen mit inhomogenem Direktorfeld relevant. Obwohl hier, im Gegensatz zu eindimensionalen Systemen, der Propagator nicht allgemein berechnet werden kann, wird dennoch der Einfluss der Inhomogenität auf Messgrößen, wie die mittlere quadratische Verschiebung oder die Verteilung der Diffusivitäten, bestimmt. Anhand eines Beispiels wird auch der Einfluss der stochastischen Interpretation auf diese Messgrößen demonstriertThe aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of the stochastic interpretation of the Langevin equation with state-dependent diffusion coefficient on the propagator of the related stochastic process, or its averages, respectively. This helps to obtain a deeper understanding and to interpret measurement data of diffusion in inhomogeneous systems and is accompanied with the question of the proper form of the diffusion equation in such systems. To simplify the question, in this thesis only systems are considered which can be fully described by a spatially dependent diffusion coefficient and a given stochastic interpretation. Therefore, for several experimentally relevant one-dimensional systems, the respective general propagator is determined, which is valid for any possible stochastic interpretation. Then, the propagator for two exemplary stochastic interpretations, here the Itô and Klimontovich-Hänggi interpretation, are compared and the differences are identified. For mean and variance of the processes three major interpretations are compared, namely the Itô, the Stratonovich and the Klimontovich-Hänggi interpretation. This systematic research on inhomogeneous diffusion process may help in future to identify these kind of, in exactly one stochastic interpretation, drift-free systems more easily. Another important part of this thesis extends this question to multidimensional inhomogeneous anisotropic systems. This is of high relevance, for instance, for the research of diffusion in liquid crystalline systems with an inhomogeneous director field. Although, in contrast to one-dimensional systems, the propagator may not be calculated generally, the influence of the inhomogeneity on measurement data like the mean squared displacement or the distribution of diffusivities is determined. Based on one example, also the influence of the stochastic interpretation on these quantities is demonstrated
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Sennewald, Ken. "Stochastic Control, Optimal Saving, and Job Search in Continuous Time." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1195054673140-63635.
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Sennewald, Ken. "Stochastic Control, Optimal Saving, and Job Search in Continuous Time." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23974.
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Economic uncertainty may affect significantly people’s behavior and hence macroeconomic variables. It is thus important to understand how people behave in presence of different kinds of economic risk. The present dissertation focuses therefore on the impact of the uncertainty in capital and labor income on the individual saving behavior. The underlying uncertain variables are here modeled as stochastic processes that each obey a specific stochastic differential equation, where uncertainty stems either from Poisson or Lévy processes. The results on the optimal behavior are derived by maximizing the individual expected lifetime utility. The first chapter is concerned with the necessary mathematical tools, the change-of-variables formula and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation under Poisson uncertainty. We extend their possible field of application in order make them appropriate for the analysis of the dynamic stochastic optimization problems occurring in the following chapters and elsewhere. The second chapter considers an optimum-saving problem with labor income, where capital risk stems from asset prices that follow geometric L´evy processes. Chapter 3, finally, studies the optimal saving behavior if agents face not only risk but also uncertain spells of unemployment. To this end, we turn back to Poisson processes, which here are used to model properly the separation and matching process.
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Gonçalves, Da Silva Pinto Wagner José. "Modelling airframe noise : from aerodynamic topology to acoustic efficiency." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2289.
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L’influence de la forme de cylindres longs sur leur rayonnement acoustique en écoulement est étudiée. Des simulations bidimensionnelles (2D) sont réalisées à bas nombre de Reynolds (Re=20-200), à l’aide du code de calcul direct (DNS) incompressible incompact3D au moyen d’une méthode de frontière immergée (IBM). Une formule dérivée de l’équation de Curle pour un cylindre compact permet la quantification de l’émission acoustique en 2D. En soufflerie anéchoïque, la signature acoustique d’une trentaine de géométries est mesurée, Re=4,000-53,000 ; l’anémométrie par fil chaud est utilisée pour la description des propriétés axiales de l’écoulement. L’avant corps et l’allongement (AR) sont les plus importantes propriétés géométriques tant pour l’écoulement que pour le rayonnement acoustique en 2D. Les géométries allongées sont généralement les plus silencieuses car les tourbillons sont moins intenses et repoussés vers l’aval et l’apparition de l’instationnarité est retardée. De leur côté, les résultats expérimentaux montrent que les géométries allongées sont les plus bruyantes, ce qui est à l’opposé des conclusions précédentes. Ceci est justifié par une augmentation significative de la cohérence de l’écoulement en envergure pour les AR les plus longs, presque complètement en phase, donc plus efficace acoustiquement. Globalement, cela implique que les géométries dont l’écoulement 2D est faiblement perturbé, marqué par un déclenchement plus tardif de l’instationnarité (Reynolds critique plus élevé), sont aussi plus organisées en 3D aux Re des mesures. La relation sous-jacente entre les transitions successives vers la turbulence nécessite une étude approfondieThe influence of the shape on the sound emission of cylindrical bluff-bodies is studied. Simulations are performed in two-dimensions (2D) at low-Reynolds number (Re=20-200), with the incompressible direct Navier-Stokes (DNS) solver incompact3D, using the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) formalism; the acoustic emission is evaluated by a single formula derived from Curle’s equation for compact cylinders. In anechoic wind tunnel, the acoustic signature is measured for about 30 geometries, Re=4,000-53,000; hot-wire measurements of the spanwise flow characteristics are performed for a subset of the tested cylinders. The influence of both the shape of the upstream portion of the geometry and the breadth-to-height ratio (AR) are proved to be major features in terms of both the flow and its acoustic emission in 2D. By reducing the strength of the vortices and pushing them downstream and affecting the mechanics of the von Kármán instability (delaying the transition to unsteadiness), stretched shapes (with higher AR) are generally quieter. From the experiments, it is found that the geometries of biggest AR are the loudest, contraposing the results obtained in 2D. The disparity is justified by a significant increase of the spanwise coherence associated with the larger AR’s, practically fully-phased, thus more acoustically efficient. Globally, it is implied that geometries which have weakly perturbed flow in 2D, marked by a later transition to unsteadiness (larger critical Reynolds number), are also more organized in 3D, high-Reynolds number regimes. The underlying relationship between low and high-Reynolds number transitions must be further investigated
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Beckstein, Pascal. "Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche unter dem Einfluss elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232474.
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Im Bereich der industriellen Metallurgie und Kristallzüchtung treten bei zahlreichen Anwendungen, wo magnetische Wechselfelder zur induktiven Beeinflussung von leitfähigen Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden, auch Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche auf. Das Anwendungsspektrum reicht dabei vom einfachen Aufschmelzen eines Metalls in einem offenen Tiegel bis hin zur vollständigen Levitation. Auch der sogenannte RGS-Prozess, ein substratbasiertes Kristallisationsverfahren zur Herstellung siliziumbasierter Dünnschichtmaterialien, ist dafür ein Beispiel. Um bei solchen Prozessen die Interaktion von Magnetfeld und Strömung zu untersuchen, ist die numerische Simulationen ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel. Für beliebige dreidimensionale Probleme werden entsprechende Berechnungen bisher durch eine externe Kopplung kommerzieller Programme realisiert, die für Magnetfeld und Strömung jeweils unterschiedliche numerische Techniken nutzen. Diese Vorgehensweise ist jedoch im Allgemeinen mit unnötigem Rechenaufwand verbunden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neu entwickelter Methodenapparat auf Basis der FVM vorgestellt, mit welchem sich diese Art von Berechnungen effizient durchführen lassen. Mit der Implementierung dieser Methoden in foam-extend, einer erweiterten Version der quelloffenen Software OpenFOAM, ist daraus ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug in Form einer freien Simulationsplattform entstanden, welches sich durch einen modularen Aufbau leicht erweitern lässt. Mit dieser Plattform wurden in foam-extend auch erstmalig dreidimensionale Induktionsprozesse im Frequenzraum gelöst.
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Streng, Christoph. "Wachstumsanalyse amorpher dicker Schichten und Schichtsysteme." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972086544.
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Mahaffey, Patrick Brian. "Bending, Vibration and Buckling Response of Conventional and Modified Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko Beam Theories Accounting for the von Karman Geometric Nonlinearity." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151319.
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Beams are among the most commonly used structural members that are encountered in virtually all systems of structural design at various scales. Mathematical models used to determine the response of beams under external loads are deduced from the three-dimensional elasticity theory through a series of assumptions concerning the kinematics of deformation and constitutive behavior. The kinematic assumptions exploit the fact that such structures do not experience significant trans- verse normal and shear strains and stresses. For example, the solution of the three- dimensional elasticity problem associated with a straight beam is reformulated as a one-dimensional problem in terms of displacements whose form is presumed on the basis of an educated guess concerning the nature of the deformation.
In many cases beam structures are subjected to compressive in-plane loads that may cause out-of-plane buckling of the beam. Typically, before buckling and during compression, the beam develops internal axial force that makes the beam stiffer. In the linear buckling analysis of beams, this internal force is not considered. As a result the buckling loads predicted by the linear analysis are not accurate. The present study is motivated by lack of suitable theory and analysis that considers the nonlinear effects on the buckling response of beams.
This thesis contains three new developments: (1) the conventional beam theories are generalized by accounting for nonlinear terms arising from εzz and εxz that are of the same magnitude as the von K´arm´an nonlinear strains appearing in εxx. The equations of motion associated with the generalized Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories with the von K´arm´an type geometric nonlinear strains are derived using Hamilton’s principle. These equations form the basis of investigations to determine certain microstructural length scales on the bending, vibration and buckling response of beams used in micro- and nano-devices. (2) Analytical solutions of the conventional Timoshenko beam theory with the von K´arm´an nonlinearity are de- veloped for the case where the inplane inertia is negligible when compared to other terms in the equations of motion. Numerical results are presented to bring out the effect of transverse shear deformation on the buckling response. (3) The development of a nonlinear finite element model for post-buckling behavior of beams.
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Li, Bailiang. "Evaluating the von Kármán Constant in Sediment-laden Air Flow." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8611.
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Shear velocity is a critical variable used in many hydrodynamic and aeolian applications. The Law of the Wall is commonly used to derive shear velocity as the product of the slope of a measured velocity profile and the von Kármán constant, κ = 0.4. However, a number of hydrodynamic experiments show that there is a substantial apparent decrease of κ in sediment-laden flow, which was explained by: 1) The energy loss to support the sediment particle suspension in the fluid and 2) The buoyancy effect due to stratification. The energy loss is associated with sediment concentration and grain size, and the stratification can be characterized by sedimentological flux Richardson number or gradient Richardson number. Since there is an apparent change of κ, the term “apparent von Kármán parameter”, or κa, was adopted from Wright and Parker to replace κ in sediment-laden flow. There has been no study to attempt to detect and to evaluate the variability of κa during aeolian saltation, which is the purpose of this dissertation research.
Two “clear air” runs and fifteen “sediment-laden” runs were conducted at the northeast coast of Brazil. Wind profile data were collected by a stack of cup anemometers; “true” shear velocity was estimated by an ultrasonic anemometer; and sediment mass flux profile and grain size were estimated from the sand samples collected in a stack of vertical hose-style traps. With these estimates, κa, sediment concentration and sedimentlogical Richardson numbers were derived.
Regression analysis indicates that there is a statistically insignificant relationship between κa and grain size, which may be caused by small range of grain size in the study site. However, there is strong statistical relationship between κa and bulk, volumetric concentration below 25 mm, S25, and between κa and sediment transport rate Q (kg/m/s) as:
ka = -2088.4S25 0.3964 and ka = -3.134Q 0.4011
A strong relationship was also found between κa and sedimentological Richardson numbers in the lower saltation layer, which can be well explained by the stratification theory.
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Lin, Wei-Ting, and 林蔚廷. "Further Investigation on von Kármán''s Swirling Flow." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91964480400169458175.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
物理研究所
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By the comparison between the numerical results and the linearized solution,we show some solutions of von Kármán’s equation have global feature that can becaptured by the linearized solutions, although there are some shifts in amplitudeand phase. To show the validity of this approach and polish the approximation, we use the amplitude equation approach, which can tune the amplitude and phase of the linearized solutions to make them fit. We encounter difficulty in the course of finding the amplitude equation of damping systems. To solve this problem, we propose an idea to deal with the exponential growth of the zero-th order solution. Although the phase of the approximate solution deviates from the numerical results very much, the amplitude fits well. Further investigation is under way.
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Leitner, Felipe [Verfasser]. "The twistor equation in Lorentzian spin geometry / von Felipe Leitner." 2001. http://d-nb.info/965107566/34.
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Knüpfer, Hans [Verfasser]. "Classical solutions for a thin film equation / vorgelegt von Hans Knüpfer." 2007. http://d-nb.info/987339788/34.
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Zähle, Henryk [Verfasser]. "Stochastic heat equation and catalytic super Brownian motion / von Henryk Zähle." 2004. http://d-nb.info/972728163/34.
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Weber, Hendrik [Verfasser]. "Sharp interface limit for the stochastic Allen-Cahn equation / vorgelegt von Hendrik Weber." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1002665124/34.
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Stinner, Christian [Verfasser]. "Blow-up in a degenerate parabolic equation with gradient nonlinearity / vorgelegt von Christian Stinner." 2008. http://d-nb.info/988066831/34.
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