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Journal articles on the topic 'Equatorial front'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Goh, Jia Quan, Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff, and Nazmi Mat Nawi. "Application of Optical Spectrometer to Determine Maturity Level of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches Based on Analysis of the Front Equatorial, Front Basil, Back Equatorial, Back Basil and Apical Parts of the Oil Palm Bunches." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (2021): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121179.

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The quality of palm oil depends on the maturity level of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB). This research applied an optical spectrometer to collect the reflectance data of 96 FFB from unripe, ripe, and overripe classes for the maturity level classification. The spectrometer scanned the FFB from different parts, including apical, front equatorial, front basil, back equatorial, and back basil. Principal component analysis was carried out to extract principal components from the reflectance data of each of the parts. The extracted principal components were used in an ANOVA test, which found t

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Jiang, Chuan-li, Jian Lu, and De-xing Wu. "Fluid exchange across the equatorial front." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 19, no. 2 (2001): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02863034.

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3

Perez, Renellys C., Meghan F. Cronin, and William S. Kessler. "Tropical Cells and a Secondary Circulation near the Northern Front of the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 9 (2010): 2091–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4366.1.

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Abstract Shipboard measurements and a model are used to describe the mean structure of meridional–vertical tropical cells (TCs) in the central equatorial Pacific and a secondary circulation associated with the northern front of the cold tongue. The shape of the front is convoluted by the passage of tropical instability waves (TIWs). When velocities are averaged in a coordinate system centered on the instantaneous position of the northern front, the measurements show a near-surface minimum in northward flow north of the surface front (convergent flow near the front). This convergence and inferr

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Abad, Rubén, Karla B. Jaramillo, Divar Castro, Juan A. Sánchez, and Jenny Rodríguez. "Octocoral Distribution Patterns at the Equatorial Front (Tropical Eastern Pacific): Muricea and Leptogorgia." Oceans 3, no. 2 (2022): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans3020016.

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The Equatorial Front, in the southern part of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) region, has been characterized as a hotspot of functional biodiversity due to the mixing of warm and cold waters. Nevertheless, the biogeographic patterns for some organisms, such as octocorals, remain unknown in some coastal regions. Therefore, we aimed to assess the distribution of two common octocoral genera in this area, Muricea and Leptogorgia, including 14 species based on museum specimen records, along the mainland coast of Ecuador. Statistical analyses were performed on the environmental and geographical p

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Jouanno, Julien, Frédéric Marin, Yves du Penhoat, and Jean-Marc Molines. "Intraseasonal Modulation of the Surface Cooling in the Gulf of Guinea." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 2 (2013): 382–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-053.1.

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Abstract A regional numerical model of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and observations are analyzed to investigate the intraseasonal fluctuations of the sea surface temperature at the equator in the Gulf of Guinea. Results indicate that the seasonal cooling in this region is significantly shaped by short-duration cooling events caused by wind-forced equatorial waves: mixed Rossby–gravity waves within the 12–20-day period band, inertia–gravity waves with periods below 11 days, and equatorially trapped Kelvin waves with periods between 25 and 40 days. In these different ranges of frequencies, it is

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Xie, Shang-Ping, Masaki Ishiwatari, Hiroshi Hashizume, and Kensuke Takeuchi. "Coupled ocean-atmospheric waves on the equatorial front." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 20 (1998): 3863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998gl900014.

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Hormann, Verena, Rick Lumpkin, and Renellys C. Perez. "A Generalized Method for Estimating the Structure of the Equatorial Atlantic Cold Tongue: Application to Drifter Observations." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 8 (2013): 1884–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00173.1.

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Abstract A generalized method is developed to determine the position of the Atlantic northern cold tongue front across its zonal extent from satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data. Previous approaches estimated the frontal position subjectively or individually, calling for a more objective technique that is suitable for large datasets. The developed methodology is based on a median frontal SST, and associated positional uncertainties are on the order of 0.3° latitude for the period 1998–2011. Frontal characteristics are generally consistent with tropical instability waves (TIWs) and inte

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8

Contreras, Robert F. "Long-Term Observations of Tropical Instability Waves." Journal of Physical Oceanography 32, no. 9 (2002): 2715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2715.

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Abstract Reynolds sea surface temperature (SST) data showing tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the tropical Pacific are analyzed along with current measurements from the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) buoy array and wind speeds from the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) -1 and -2 scatterometers. TIWs are visible as undulations in the SST cold fronts that delineate the northern and southern boundaries of the cold tongue in the equatorial Pacific. The SST pattern results from advection of the SST front by instabilities in the near-surface equatorial currents. Although the waves are see

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9

Anderson, Steven P. "On the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over the Equatorial Front*." Journal of Climate 14, no. 7 (2001): 1688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1688:otablo>2.0.co;2.

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10

Giordani, Hervé, and Guy Caniaux. "Lagrangian sources of frontogenesis in the equatorial Atlantic front." Climate Dynamics 43, no. 11 (2014): 3147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2293-3.

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11

de Szoeke, Simon P., Shang-Ping Xie, Toru Miyama, Kelvin J. Richards, and R. Justin O. Small. "What Maintains the SST Front North of the Eastern Pacific Equatorial Cold Tongue?*." Journal of Climate 20, no. 11 (2007): 2500–2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4173.1.

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Abstract A coupled ocean–atmosphere regional model suggests a mechanism for formation of a sharp sea surface temperature (SST) front north of the equator in the eastern Pacific Ocean in boreal summer and fall. Meridional convergence of Ekman transport at 5°N is forced by eastward turning of the southeasterly cross-equatorial wind, but the SST front forms considerably south of the maximum Ekman convergence. Geostrophic equatorward flow at 3°N in the lower half of the isothermally mixed layer enhances mixed layer convergence. Cold water is upwelled on or south of the equator and is advected pole

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Koseki, S., T. Y. Koh, and C. K. Teo. "Borneo vortex and meso-scale convective rainfall." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 8 (2013): 21079–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-21079-2013.

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Abstract. We have investigated how the Borneo vortex develops over the equatorial South China Sea under cold surge conditions in December during the Asian winter monsoon. Composite analysis using reanalysis and satellite datasets has revealed that absolute vorticity and water vapour are transported by strong cold surges from upstream of the South China Sea to around the equator. Rainfall is correspondingly enhanced over the equatorial South China Sea. A semi-idealized experiment reproduced the Borneo vortex over the equatorial South China Sea during a "perpetual" cold surge. The Borneo vortex

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Small, R. Justin, Shang-Ping Xie, Yuqing Wang, Steven K. Esbensen, and Dean Vickers. "Numerical Simulation of Boundary Layer Structure and Cross-Equatorial Flow in the Eastern Pacific*." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 6 (2005): 1812–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3433.1.

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Abstract Recent observations from spaceborne microwave sensors have revealed detailed structure of the surface flow over the equatorial eastern Pacific in the boreal fall season. A marked acceleration of surface wind across the northern sea surface temperature (SST) front of the cold tongue is a prominent feature of the regional climate. Previous studies have attributed the acceleration to the effect of enhanced momentum mixing over the warmer waters. A high-resolution numerical model is used to examine the cross-frontal flow adjustment. In a comprehensive comparison, the model agrees well wit

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Chen, Yanling, Liyi Gu, Aurora Simionescu, Chunyang Jiang, Rui Huang, and Wei Cui. "A New Shock in the Premerging Cluster Pair 1E2215-2216." Astrophysical Journal 986, no. 2 (2025): 152. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add933.

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Abstract The galaxy cluster pair 1E2216.0-0401 and 1E2215.7-0404 represents a major cluster merger in its early stages, a phase that has been scarcely explored in previous studies. Within this system, both axial and equatorial merger shocks have been identified. Recent XMM-Newton observations of the southern region of the cluster pair have increased the total exposure time to approximately 300 ks, enhancing the sensitivity to detect faint shock features in the cluster outskirts. Through a combined analysis of XMM-Newton and Chandra data, including both imaging and spectral techniques, a new sh

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15

Wang, X. J., R. Murtugudde, and R. Le Borgne. "Climate driven decadal variations of biological production and plankton biomass in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: is this a regime shift?" Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 2 (2010): 2169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-2169-2010.

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Abstract. Recent studies indicate strengthened trade winds and intensified upwelling in the tropical Pacific since the late 1990s, suggesting implications for the biogeochemical processes. We employed a fully coupled physical-biogeochemical model to test the hypothesis that there were climate driven decadal variations in biogeochemical fields of the equatorial Pacific. We quantified changes in nitrate and iron concentrations, primary and secondary productions, and phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass between 1988–1996 and 1999–2007. Our modeling simulation showed that the intensified upwellin

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Wei, Yuntao, and Hong-Li Ren. "Modulation of ENSO on Fast and Slow MJO Modes during Boreal Winter." Journal of Climate 32, no. 21 (2019): 7483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0013.1.

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Abstract This study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show that the spatiotemporal evolution of MJO manifests as a fast equatorially symmetric propagation from the Indian Ocean to the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) during El Niño, whereas the MJO during La Niña is very slow and tends to frequently “detour” via the southern Maritime Continent (MC). The westward group velocity of the MJO is also more significant during El Niño. Based on the dynamics-oriented diagnostics, it is found th

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Apatenkov, S. V., V. A. Sergeev, M. V. Kubyshkina, et al. "Multi-spacecraft observation of plasma dipolarization/injection in the inner magnetosphere." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 3 (2007): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-801-2007.

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Abstract. Addressing the origin of the energetic particle injections into the inner magnetosphere, we investigate the 23 February 2004 substorm using a favorable constellation of four Cluster (near perigee), LANL and Geotail spacecraft. Both an energy-dispersed and a dispersionless injection were observed by Cluster crossing the plasma sheet horn, which mapped to 9–12 RE in the equatorial plane close to the midnight meridian. Two associated narrow equatorward auroral tongues/streamers propagating from the oval poleward boundary could be discerned in the global images obtained by IMAGE/WIC. As

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18

Wilson, M. E. J. "Development of Equatorial Delta-Front Patch Reefs During the Neogene, Borneo." Journal of Sedimentary Research 75, no. 1 (2005): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.010.

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Rincón-Martínez, Daniel, Silke Steph, Frank Lamy, Alan Mix, and Ralf Tiedemann. "Tracking the equatorial front in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean by the isotopic and faunal composition of planktonic foraminifera." Marine Micropaleontology 79, no. 1-2 (2011): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.01.001.

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20

Boyd, John P. "The Short-Wave Limit of Linear Equatorial Kelvin Waves in a Shear Flow." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 6 (2005): 1138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2729.1.

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Abstract The effects of latitudinal shear on equatorial Kelvin waves in the one-and-one-half-layer model are examined through a mixture of perturbation theory and numerical solutions. For waves proportional to exp(ikx), where k is the zonal wavenumber and x is longitude, earlier perturbation theories predicted arbitrarily large distortions in the limit k → ∞. In reality, the distortions are always finite but are very different depending on the sign of the equatorial jet. When the mean jet is westward, the Kelvin wave becomes very, very narrow. When the mean jet flows eastward, the Kelvin wave

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21

Holmes, Ryan M., Leif N. Thomas, LuAnne Thompson, and David Darr. "Potential Vorticity Dynamics of Tropical Instability Vortices." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 3 (2014): 995–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0157.1.

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Abstract Tropical instability vortices (TIVs) in the equatorial Pacific exhibit energetic horizontal and vertical circulation characterized by regions of high Rossby number and low Richardson number. Their strong anticyclonic vorticity and vertical shear can influence the broader-scale circulation by driving lateral mixing and vertical exchange between the ocean surface and interior. The authors use a set of nested high-resolution simulations of the equatorial Pacific, with a finest grid size of 3 km, to examine the vortex dynamics associated with TIV core water formation. TIV cores are charac

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Medeiros, A. F., I. Paulino, M. J. Taylor, et al. "Twin mesospheric bores observed over Brazilian equatorial region." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 1 (2016): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-91-2016.

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Abstract. Two consecutive mesospheric bores were observed simultaneously by two all-sky cameras on 19 December 2006. The observations were carried out in the northeast of Brazil at two different stations: São João do Cariri (36.5° W, 7.4° S) and Monteiro (37.1° W, 7.9° S), which are by about 85 km apart. The mesospheric bores were observed within an interval of ∼ 3 h in the NIR OH and OI557.7 nm airglow emissions. Both bores propagated to the east and showed similar characteristics. However, the first one exhibited a dark leading front with several trailing waves behind and progressed into a b

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Yokosawa, Masayoshi. "Formation of Shock Wave in Magnetohydrodynamical Accretion onto a Black Hole." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 46, no. 1 (1994): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/46.1.73.

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Abstract The formation of a shock wave triggered by magnetic stress has been studied by numerical calculations. The radially symmetric accretion onto a black hole can possibly produce a shock wave near to the event horizon. The magnetohydrodynamical accretion forms a distribution for the Alfvénic Mach number, MA, in which the upper stream is super-Alfvénic and the downstream is sub-Alfvénic. A perturbation near to the Alfvén point nonlinearly grows and evolves to a shock wave. The asymmetry of the flow increases the critical Mach number, MAC, at which the flow becomes unstable and produces the

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Son, Jun-Hyeok, and Kyong-Hwan Seo. "Mechanisms for the Climatological Characteristics and Interannual Variations of the Guinea Coast Precipitation: Early Summer West African Monsoon." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (2020): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040396.

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This study presents the climatological characteristics and physical mechanisms of Guinea Coast precipitation in June. Traditionally, the low-tropospheric air temperature and equivalent potential temperature ( θ e ) play crucial roles in the generation of monsoon precipitation through the following mechanisms: 1. Near-surface atmospheric front, depicted by steep ∂ θ e ∂ y , corresponds to the vertical motion in the lower troposphere. 2. Strong easterly wind in the middle troposphere (600–500 hPa), generated by a steep ∂ T ∂ y near the surface at 12° N, induces a positive vorticity to the south

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Raes, Eric J., Levente Bodrossy, Jodie van de Kamp, et al. "Oceanographic boundaries constrain microbial diversity gradients in the South Pacific Ocean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 35 (2018): E8266—E8275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719335115.

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Marine microbes along with microeukaryotes are key regulators of oceanic biogeochemical pathways. Here we present a high-resolution (every 0.5° of latitude) dataset describing microbial pro- and eukaryotic richness in the surface and just below the thermocline along a 7,000-km transect from 66°S at the Antarctic ice edge to the equator in the South Pacific Ocean. The transect, conducted in austral winter, covered key oceanographic features including crossing of the polar front (PF), the subtropical front (STF), and the equatorial upwelling region. Our data indicate that temperature does not de

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Virts, Katrina S., and John M. Wallace. "Observations of Temperature, Wind, Cirrus, and Trace Gases in the Tropical Tropopause Transition Layer during the MJO*." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 3 (2014): 1143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0178.1.

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Abstract Satellite observations of temperature, optically thin cirrus clouds, and trace gases derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC), Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are analyzed in combination with Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) wind and humidity fields in the tropical tropopause transition layer (TTL), using the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) as a carrier signal. MJO-related deep convection

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Martins, Kellen C., Sérgio Alessandro M. Souza, Telma Nair S. Pereira, Rosana Rodrigues, Messias G. Pereira, and Maura Da Cunha. "Palynological characterization and genetic divergence between accessions of chilli and sweet peppers." Horticultura Brasileira 31, no. 4 (2013): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362013000400010.

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This study characterised pollen grains morphologically and studied the genetic divergence between accessions based on morphopollinic characters. Seven accessions, including domesticated, semi-domesticated and wild species of Capsicum (C. annuum var. annuum, C. chinense, C. baccatum var. pendulum, C. frutescens, Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, C. baccatum var. baccatum and C. parvifolium), were cultivated in a greenhouse and their pollen grains collected and fixed during flowering. The pollen grains were acetolysed and described based on 13 pollinic characteristics (polar and equatorial axe

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Rudnick, Daniel L., W. Brechner Owens, T. M. Shaun Johnston, Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Julie Jakoboski, and Robert E. Todd. "The Equatorial Current System West of the Galápagos Islands during the 2014–16 El Niño as Observed by Underwater Gliders." Journal of Physical Oceanography 51, no. 1 (2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0064.1.

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AbstractThe strong El Niño of 2014–16 was observed west of the Galápagos Islands through sustained deployment of underwater gliders. Three years of observations began in October 2013 and ended in October 2016, with observations at longitudes 93° and 95°W between latitudes 2°N and 2°S. In total, there were over 3000 glider-days of data, covering over 50 000 km with over 12 000 profiles. Coverage was superior closer to the Galápagos on 93°W, where gliders were equipped with sensors to measure velocity as well as temperature, salinity, and pressure. The repeated glider transects are analyzed to p

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DÍEZ, C. M., and C. J. SOLANO. "LINEARIZATION OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY OVER THE PACIFIC OCEAN ON THE EQUATORIAL LINE." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 33 (2019): 630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n33.2019.645_periodico33_pgs_630_640.pdf.

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The atmosphere system is ruled by the interaction of many meteorological parameters, causing a dependency between them, i.e., moisture and temperature, both suitable in front of any anomaly, such as storms, hurricanes, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. So, understanding perturbations of the variation of moistness along the time may provide an indicator of any oceanographic phenomenon. Annual relative humidity data around the Equatorial line of the Pacific Ocean were processed and analyzed to comprehend the time evolution of each dataset, appreciate anomalies, trends, histograms, and

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Kuzmina, Natalia, and Jae Hak Lee. "Driving Forces of Interleaving in the Baroclinic Front at the Equator." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 12 (2005): 2501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2828.1.

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Abstract The different types of instability in the equatorial β-plane approximation are analyzed by means of a 2D linear stability problem. The double-diffusive (DD) and diffusive/baroclinic (2D baroclinic and McIntyre) instabilities are shown not to develop if contours of the mean salinity/density have a parabolic, symmetrical-relative-to-the-equator shape. Using modeling results, an illustrative scheme of Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) regions where different types of instability can develop is presented and subsequently applied to understand the driving forces of the intrusions observed in a

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Tweedy, Olga V., Luke D. Oman, and Darryn W. Waugh. "Seasonality of the MJO Impact on Upper Troposphere–Lower Stratosphere Temperature, Circulation, and Composition." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 4 (2020): 1455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0183.1.

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Abstract Seasonal differences in the impact of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on tropical and extratropical upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) temperature, circulation, and trace gases are examined using trace gases (ozone, carbon monoxide, and water vapor) and temperature from measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and meteorological fields from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). During boreal winter months (November–February), atmospheric fields exhibit a well-known planetary-scale perturbation consistent with t

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Rastogi, R. G. "Signatures of storm sudden commencements in geomagnetic H, Y and Z fields at Indian observatories during 1958−1992." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 11 (1999): 1426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1426-1.

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Abstract. The work describes an intensive study of storm sudden commencement (SSC) impulses in horizontal (H), eastward (Y) and vertical (Z) fields at four Indian geomagnetic observatories between 1958–1992. The midday maximum of ΔH has been shown to exist even at the low-latitude station Alibag which is outside the equatorial electrojet belt, suggesting that SSC is associated with an eastward electric field at equatorial and low latitudes. The impulses in Y field are shown to be linearly and inversely related to ΔH at Annamalainagar and Alibag. The average SC disturbance vector is shown to be

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EDWARDS, N. R., and K. J. RICHARDS. "Linear double-diffusive–inertial instability at the equator." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 395 (September 25, 1999): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099006023.

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Motivated by observations of interleaving in the equatorial Pacific, we consider the linear stability of a basic state on an equatorial β-plane which is susceptible to both double-diffusive interleaving, driven by a meridional salinity gradient, and inertial instability driven by meridional shear. In a parameter regime compatible with the observations strong interaction can occur between the two processes, indicating that the stability of the system is dependent on the meridional gradients of both salinity and zonal velocity. Meridional shear is found to enhance the interleaving motion even fo

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Jochum, Markus, and Raghu Murtugudde. "Temperature Advection by Tropical Instability Waves." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 4 (2006): 592–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2870.1.

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Abstract A numerical model of the tropical Pacific Ocean is used to investigate the processes that cause the horizontal temperature advection of tropical instability waves (TIWs). It is found that their temperature advection cannot be explained by the processes on which the mixing length paradigm is based. Horizontal mixing of temperature across the equatorial SST front does happen, but it is small relative to the “oscillatory” temperature advection of TIWs. The basic mechanism is that TIWs move water back and forth across a patch of large vertical entrainment. Outside this patch, the atmosphe

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de Szoeke, Simon P., Christopher S. Bretherton, Nicholas A. Bond, Meghan F. Cronin, and Bruce M. Morley. "EPIC 95°W Observations of the Eastern Pacific Atmospheric Boundary Layer from the Cold Tongue to the ITCZ." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 2 (2005): 426–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3381.1.

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Abstract The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) along 95°W in the eastern equatorial Pacific during boreal autumn is described using data from the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001, with an emphasis on the evolution of the thermodynamic ABL properties from the cold tongue to the cold-advection region north of the sea surface temperature (SST) front. Surface sensible and latent heat fluxes and wind stresses between 1°S and 12°N are calculated from data from eight NCAR C-130 research aircraft flights and from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys. Reduced surface wind speed and a 1

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VAN PUTTEN, MAURICE H. P. M. "A TWO-DIMENSIONAL BLAST WAVE IN RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 04, no. 01 (1994): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127494000058.

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The blast wave produced by a star-like object in a magnetic field is studied numerically in the approximation of ideal, fully relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Waves of this type are observed to evolve along three episodes. At early time an outgoing shock front and an ingoing rarefaction wave is established. The ingoing rarefaction wave steepens, and gives rise to dust formation in the core. The steep rarefaction wave front becomes an ingoing shock. An annular region of high magnetic pressure about the equatorial plane deforms this shock front radially, whereby it becomes prolate along

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Li, Huimin, Congkuan Zhu, Lixin Guo, Qi Cheng, and O. Le Contel. "Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of the Off-equatorial Dipolarization Front Dynamics in the Terrestrial Magnetotail." Astrophysical Journal 899, no. 2 (2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba8a7.

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Khouider, Boualem, and Andrew J. Majda. "Equatorial Convectively Coupled Waves in a Simple Multicloud Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 11 (2008): 3376–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2752.1.

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Abstract Linear stability results for the multicloud model recently developed by the authors on an equatorial beta plane are presented here. The linearized equations, about a realistic radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) are projected in the meridional direction via a Galerkin truncation procedure based on the parabolic cylinder functions. In a suitable parameter regime, the multicloud model exhibits convectively coupled Kelvin, M = 0 eastward (Yanai), and M = 1 westward inertia–gravity waves, unstable at the synoptic scales in agreement with the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) spectral p

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Furue, Ryo, Julian P. McCreary, and Zuojun Yu. "Dynamics of the Northern Tsuchiya Jet*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 9 (2009): 2024–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4065.1.

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Abstract The Tsuchiya jets (TJs) are narrow eastward currents located along thermal fronts at the poleward edges of thermostad water in the Pacific Ocean. In this study, an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) is used to explore the dynamics of the northern TJ. Solutions are found in a rectangular basin, extending 100° zonally and from 40°S to 40°N. They are forced by three idealized forcings: several patches of idealized wind fields, including one that simulates the strong Ekman pumping region in the vicinity of the Costa Rica Dome (CRD); surface heating that warms the ocean in the tropic

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Rahaman, Majidul, Ramij Raja, and Abhirup Datta. "On the detection of multiple shock fronts in A1914 using deep Chandra X-ray observations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509, no. 4 (2021): 5821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3115.

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ABSTRACT Here, we report the new detection of three shock fronts using archival Chandra X-ray observations in Abell 1914, which also hosts a radio halo, a radio phoenix, and a head–tail galaxy. In this study, we report the X-ray shock front at the position of the radio phoenix, which further strengthens the scenario that radio phoenix traces old plasma that gets lit up when compressed by shock passage. We further analyse the thermodynamic structure of the cluster in detail. We create temperature maps of A1914 using three different techniques, namely adaptive circular binning, weighted Voronoi

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Foltz, Gregory R., Claudia Schmid, and Rick Lumpkin. "Transport of Surface Freshwater from the Equatorial to the Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 4 (2015): 1086–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0189.1.

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AbstractThe transport of low-salinity water northward in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean influences upper-ocean stratification, vertical mixing, and sea surface temperature (SST). In this study, satellite and in situ observations are used to trace low-salinity water northward from its source in the equatorial Atlantic and to examine its modification through air–sea fluxes and vertical mixing. In contrast to gridded climatologies, which depict a gradual northward dispersal of surface freshwater from the equatorial Atlantic, satellite observations and direct measurements from f

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Моисеев, Алексей, Aleksey Moiseev, Дмитрий Баишев, et al. "Features of formation of small-scale wave disturbances during a sudden magnetospheric compression." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 3, no. 2 (2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22606.

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Quasi-periodic changes of the geomagnetic field and plasma parameters in the range of Pc 5 pulsations, which occurred immediately after the interaction of interplanetary shock (IPS) with Earth’s magnetosphere in the event of April 24, 2009 at 00:53 UT are examined using ground and satellite observations. The pulsations were localized at latitudes 66–74° in the noon (11 MLT) and evening (20 MLT) sectors. The analysis of hodographs of the geomagnetic field changes both from satellite and ground observations has shown the presence of vortical disturbances. In this event, both the IPS front in the

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SAKURABA, ATARU. "A jet-like structure revealed by a numerical simulation of rotating spherical-shell magnetoconvection." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 573 (February 2007): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006003880.

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Numerical results on thermally driven nonlinear magnetoconvection in a rapidly rotating fluid spherical shell are reported. A uniform magnetic field that is parallel to the rotation axis is imposed externally. The Ekman number is 2 × 10−6, representing a state of negligible viscosity, as in the Earth's core. The convection pattern is characterized by a few large-scale vortex columns superimposed on a fast westward (retrograde) zonal flow. In the equatorial region, an anticyclonic vortex is intensified, in which an induced axial magnetic field is stored. Interaction between the magnetized vorte

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Spear, LB, LT Ballance, and DG Ainley. "Response of seabirds to thermal boundaries in the tropical Pacific: the thermocline versus the Equatorial Front." Marine Ecology Progress Series 219 (2001): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps219275.

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Keigwin, L. D., and S. J. Lehman. "Radiocarbon evidence for a possible abyssal front near 3.1 km in the glacial equatorial Pacific Ocean." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 425 (September 2015): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.05.025.

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Wen, Caihong, Ping Chang, and Ramalingam Saravanan. "Effect of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Changes on Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability: A 2½-Layer Reduced-Gravity Ocean Model Study." Journal of Climate 23, no. 2 (2010): 312–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3042.1.

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Abstract Previous coupled climate model simulations reveal that a dipole-like SST pattern with cooler (warmer) temperature over the north (south) tropical Atlantic emerges in response to a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Using a 2½-layer reduced-gravity ocean model, a systematic investigation into oceanic processes controlling the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) response to AMOC changes by varying the strength of northward mass transport at the open boundaries was conducted. It is found that the North Brazil Current (NBC) reverses its directi

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Shin, Jinhwa, Jinho Ahn, Jai Chowdhry Beeman, Hun-Gyu Lee, Jaemyeong Mango Seo, and Edward J. Brook. "Millennial variations in atmospheric CO₂ during the early Holocene (11.7–7.4 ka)." Climate of the Past 18, no. 9 (2022): 2063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2063-2022.

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Abstract. We present a new high-resolution record of atmospheric CO2 from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica, over the early Holocene (11.7–7.4 ka) that quantifies natural CO2 variability on millennial timescales under interglacial climate conditions. Atmospheric CO2 decreased by ∼10 ppm between 11.3 and 7.3 ka. The decrease was punctuated by local minima at 11.1, 10.1, 9.1, and 8.3 ka with an amplitude of 2–4 ppm. Although the explanations of carbon cycle mechanisms remain uncertain due to insufficient paleoclimate records and model simulations, these variations correlate with proxies for so

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Chen, Yi-Leng, Chuan-Kai Wang, Chuan-Chi Tu, Feng Hsiao, and Pay-Liam Lin. "Revisiting a Mei-Yu Front Associated with Heavy Rainfall over Taiwan during 6–7 June 2003." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (2022): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050644.

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During 6–7 June 2003, a Mei-Yu jet/front system over Southern China is characterized by appreciable horizontal temperature contrast below the 850 hPa level (>8 K), where the cold, dry, postfrontal northeasterlies converge with the warm, moist southwesterly flow, and above the 400–hPa level (>18 K) associated with an upper-level front. The frontal baroclinic zone tilts northward with a slope of ~1/100. During the passage of a midlatitude trough, the upper-level jet/front system advances southeastward. The thermally direct circulation across the subsynoptic low-level jet (SLLJ)/Mei-Yu fron

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Kim, Heeyong, Shingo Kimura, Akira Shinoda, Takashi Kitagawa, Yoshikazu Sasai, and Hideharu Sasaki. "Effect of El Niño on migration and larval transport of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 7 (2007): 1387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm091.

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Abstract Kim, H., Kimura, S., Shinoda, A., Kitagawa, T., Sasai, Y., and Sasaki, H. 2007. Effect of El Niño on migration and larval transport of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: –. To clarify the effect of an El Niño on the migration of Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) in the western North Pacific, differences in migration patterns of eel larvae (leptocephali) in El Niño and non-El Niño years were compared qualitatively through a numerical particle-tracking model. Depending on interannual meridional displacements of the salinity front and bifurcation

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Madden, R. H. C., and M. E. J. Wilson. "Diagenesis of Neogene Delta-Front Patch Reefs: Alteration of Coastal, Siliciclastic-Influenced Carbonates from Humid Equatorial Regions." Journal of Sedimentary Research 82, no. 11 (2012): 871–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2012.26.

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