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Journal articles on the topic 'Equatorial middle atmosphere'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

REDDY, C. A. "Equatorial Middle Atmosphere." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 43, Supplement2 (1991): 695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.43.supplement2_695.

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2

Fouchet, T., S. Guerlet, D. F. Strobel, A. A. Simon-Miller, B. Bézard, and F. M. Flasar. "An equatorial oscillation in Saturn’s middle atmosphere." Nature 453, no. 7192 (2008): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06912.

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3

Sun, Chi-Rong, and Conway Leovy. "Ozone variability in the equatorial middle atmosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, no. D9 (1990): 13829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jd095id09p13829.

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4

Teng, Chen-Ke-Min, Sheng-Yang Gu, Yusong Qin, and Xiankang Dou. "Impact of Solar Activity on Global Atmospheric Circulation Based on SD-WACCM-X Simulations from 2002 to 2019." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (2021): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111526.

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In this study, a global atmospheric model, Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension (SD-WACCM-X), and the residual circulation principle were used to study the global atmospheric circulation from the lower to upper atmosphere (~500 km) from 2002 to 2019. Our analysis shows that the atmospheric circulation is clearly influenced by solar activity, especially in the upper atmosphere, which is mainly characterized by an enhanced atmospheric circulation in years with high solar activity. The atmospheric circulation in the upper atmospher

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5

Lieberman, Ruth S. "Nonmigrating Diurnal Tides in the Equatorial Middle Atmosphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 48, no. 8 (1991): 1112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1112:ndtite>2.0.co;2.

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6

Fechine, J., A. F. Medeiros, R. A. Buriti, H. Takahashi, and D. Gobbi. "Mesospheric bore events in the equatorial middle atmosphere." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 67, no. 17-18 (2005): 1774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.04.006.

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7

Harris, M. J., N. F. Arnold, and A. D. Aylward. "A study into the effect of the diurnal tide on the structure of the background mesosphere and thermosphere using the new coupled middle atmosphere and thermosphere (CMAT) general circulation model." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 2 (2002): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-225-2002.

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Abstract. A new coupled middle atmosphere and thermosphere general circulation model has been developed, and some first results are presented. An investigation into the effects of the diurnal tide upon the mean composition, dynamics and energetics was carried out for equinox conditions. Previous studies have shown that tides deplete mean atomic oxygen in the upper mesosphere-lower thermosphere due to an increased recombination in the tidal displaced air parcels. The model runs presented suggest that the mean residual circulation associated with the tidal dissipation also plays an important rol

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8

Devanarayanan, S., and K. Mohanakumar. "Sunspot cycle and thermal structure of equatorial middle atmosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research 90, A6 (1985): 5357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja090ia06p05357.

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9

Semeniuk, Kirill, and Theodore G. Shepherd. "The Middle-Atmosphere Hadley Circulation and Equatorial Inertial Adjustment." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 58, no. 21 (2001): 3077–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3077:tmahca>2.0.co;2.

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10

Vijayan, Lekshmi, and C. A. Reddy. "Radiative damping of equatorial waves in the middle atmosphere." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 120, no. 519 (1994): 1323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712051910.

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11

Koval, A. V., N. M. Gavrilov, A. I. Pogoreltsev, and E. N. Savenkova. "Experiments on sensitivity of meridional circulation and ozone flux to parameterizations of orographic gravity waves and QBO phases in a general circulation model of the middle atmosphere." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 7 (2015): 5643–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-5643-2015.

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Abstract. Many atmospheric global circulation models have large biases in predicting meridional and vertical winds and fluxes of gas species in remote regions such as the middle and upper atmosphere. In this study, we make sensitivity simulations to recognize the role of vital processes associated with dynamical coupling between different atmospheric layers, namely dynamical and thermal impacts of mesoscale orographic gravity waves (OGWs) generated by the Earth's topography and changes from the easterly to westerly QBO phases in the lower equatorial atmosphere. We improved parameterizations of

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12

Beig, Gufran, and S. Fadnavis. "In search of greenhouse signals in the equatorial middle atmosphere." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 24 (2001): 4603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013633.

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13

Beig, G., and S. Fadnavis. "Solar response in the temperature over the equatorial middle atmosphere." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 71, no. 13 (2009): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.07.007.

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14

Burrage, M. D., R. A. Vincent, H. G. Mayr, W. R. Skinner, N. F. Arnold, and P. B. Hays. "Long-term variability in the equatorial middle atmosphere zonal wind." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 101, no. D8 (1996): 12847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96jd00575.

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15

Krishna Murthy, B. V., S. P. Perov, and M. N. Sasi. "Diurnal and semi-diurnal tides in the equatorial middle atmosphere." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 54, no. 7-8 (1992): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(92)90055-p.

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16

Heavens, Nicholas G., Alexey Pankine, J. Michael Battalio, Corwin Wright, David M. Kass, and Armin Kleinböhl. "A Multiannual Record of Convective Instability in Mars’s Middle Atmosphere from the Mars Climate Sounder." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 6 (2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acd69d.

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Abstract Gravity waves (GW) transfer energy and momentum from the lower to the middle and upper atmospheres of Earth and Mars. Momentum transfer can occur through the wave dissipative process of saturation associated with convective or shear instability. GW saturation both impacts the atmospheric circulation where saturation occurs and also mediates the GW flux above the level of saturation. It was previously demonstrated that convective instabilities are observable in Mars’s middle atmosphere. Here we characterize the seasonal, interannual, and dust event-driven variability in convective inst

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17

Ramkumar, G., T. M. Antonita, Y. Bhavani Kumar, H. Venkata Kumar, and D. Narayana Rao. "Seasonal variation of gravity waves in the Equatorial Middle Atmosphere: results from ISRO's Middle Atmospheric Dynamics (MIDAS) program." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 10 (2006): 2471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-2471-2006.

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Abstract. Altitude profiles of temperature in the stratospheric and mesopheric region from lidar observations at NARL, Gadanki, India, during December 2002–April 2005, as part of ISRO's Middle Atmospheric Dynamics – "MIDAS (2002–2005)" program are used to study the characteristics of gravity waves and their seasonal variation. Month-to-month variation of the gravity wave activity observed during the period of December 2002–April 2005 show maximum wave activity, with primary peaks in May 2003, August 2004 and March 2005 and secondary peaks in February 2003 and November 2004. This month-to-month

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18

Harris, T. J., and R. A. Vincent. "The quasi-two-day wave observed in the equatorial middle atmosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research 98, no. D6 (1993): 10481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jd00380.

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19

Chakrabarty, D. K., G. Beig, J. S. Sidhu, and S. R. Das. "Fine scale structure and turbulence parameters in the equatorial middle atmosphere." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 51, no. 1 (1989): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(89)90070-6.

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20

Mengel, J. G., H. G. Mayr, K. L. Chan, et al. "Equatorial oscillations in the middle atmosphere generated by small scale gravity waves." Geophysical Research Letters 22, no. 22 (1995): 3027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95gl03059.

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21

Hitchman, Matthew H., and Conway B. Leovy. "Diurnal Tide in the Equatorial Middle Atmosphere as Seen in LIMS Temperatures." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 42, no. 6 (1985): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<0557:dtitem>2.0.co;2.

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22

Croskey, C. L., L. C. Hall, J. D. Mitchell, D. Muha, and N. C. Maynard. "A diurnal study of the electrical structure of the equatorial middle atmosphere." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 47, no. 8-10 (1985): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(85)90058-3.

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23

Hocke, Klemens. "Influence of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings on the Migrating Diurnal Tide in the Equatorial Middle Atmosphere Observed by Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder." Atmosphere 14, no. 12 (2023): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121743.

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The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard the satellite Aura measures the temperature at 01:44 LST (after midnight) and at 13:44 LST after noon in the equatorial middle atmosphere. The signatures of the migrating solar diurnal tide (DW1) show up in the difference between the night-time and the daytime temperature profiles. We find a good agreement between the equatorial DW1 proxy of the Aura/MLS observations and the migrating diurnal tide estimated by the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM) in March. The equatorial DW1 proxy is shown for the time interval from 2004 to 2021 reaching a temporal resolu

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24

Son, Jun-Hyeok, and Kyong-Hwan Seo. "Mechanisms for the Climatological Characteristics and Interannual Variations of the Guinea Coast Precipitation: Early Summer West African Monsoon." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (2020): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040396.

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This study presents the climatological characteristics and physical mechanisms of Guinea Coast precipitation in June. Traditionally, the low-tropospheric air temperature and equivalent potential temperature ( θ e ) play crucial roles in the generation of monsoon precipitation through the following mechanisms: 1. Near-surface atmospheric front, depicted by steep ∂ θ e ∂ y , corresponds to the vertical motion in the lower troposphere. 2. Strong easterly wind in the middle troposphere (600–500 hPa), generated by a steep ∂ T ∂ y near the surface at 12° N, induces a positive vorticity to the south

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25

Judt, Falko. "Atmospheric Predictability of the Tropics, Middle Latitudes, and Polar Regions Explored through Global Storm-Resolving Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 1 (2019): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0116.1.

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Abstract The predictability of the atmosphere has important implications for weather prediction, because it determines what forecast problems are potentially tractable. Even though our general understanding of error growth and predictability has been increasing, relatively little is known about the detailed structure of atmospheric predictability, such as how it varies between climate regions. The present study addresses this issue by exploring error growth and predictability in three latitude zones, using model output from a previous global storm-resolving predictability experiment by Judt pu

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26

Zülicke, Christoph, and Erich Becker. "Relation between Equatorial Mesospheric Wind Anomalies during Spring and Middle Atmosphere Variability Modes." SOLA 13A, Special_Edition (2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/sola.13a-006.

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27

Deser, Clara, Robert A. Tomas, and Lantao Sun. "The Role of Ocean–Atmosphere Coupling in the Zonal-Mean Atmospheric Response to Arctic Sea Ice Loss." Journal of Climate 28, no. 6 (2015): 2168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00325.1.

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Abstract The role of ocean–atmosphere coupling in the zonal-mean climate response to projected late twenty-first-century Arctic sea ice loss is investigated using Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) at 1° spatial resolution. Parallel experiments with different ocean model configurations (full-depth, slab, and no interactive ocean) allow the roles of dynamical and thermodynamic ocean feedbacks to be isolated. In the absence of ocean coupling, the atmospheric response to Arctic sea ice loss is confined to north of 30°N, consisting of a weakening and equatorward shift of the westerli

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28

Giorgetta, M. A., E. Manzini, E. Roeckner, M. Esch, and L. Bengtsson. "Climatology and Forcing of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in the MAECHAM5 Model." Journal of Climate 19, no. 16 (2006): 3882–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3830.1.

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Abstract The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the equatorial zonal wind is an outstanding phenomenon of the atmosphere. The QBO is driven by a broad spectrum of waves excited in the tropical troposphere and modulates transport and mixing of chemical compounds in the whole middle atmosphere. Therefore, the simulation of the QBO in general circulation models and chemistry climate models is an important issue. Here, aspects of the climatology and forcing of a spontaneously occurring QBO in a middle-atmosphere model are evaluated, and its influence on the climate and variability of the tropical

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29

Wang, Chia-Chi, Wei-Liang Lee, Yu-Luen Chen, and Huang-Hsiung Hsu. "Processes Leading to Double Intertropical Convergence Zone Bias in CESM1/CAM5." Journal of Climate 28, no. 7 (2015): 2900–2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00622.1.

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Abstract The double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) bias in the eastern Pacific in the Community Earth System Model version 1 with Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CESM1/CAM5) is diagnosed. In CAM5 standalone, the northern ITCZ is associated with inertial instability and the southern ITCZ is thermally forced. After air–sea coupling, the processes on both hemispheres are switched because the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) is changed. Biases occur during boreal spring in both CAM5 and the ocean model. In CAM5 alone, weaker-than-observed equatorial easterly in the tro

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30

Fleming, Eric L., and Sushil Chandra. "Equatorial Zonal Wind in the Middle Atmosphere Derived from Geopotential Height and Temperature Data." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 46, no. 6 (1989): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<0860:ezwitm>2.0.co;2.

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31

Yamamoto, Masaru, and Masaaki Takahashi. "Superrotation Maintained by Meridional Circulation and Waves in a Venus-Like AGCM." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 12 (2006): 3296–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3859.1.

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Fully developed superrotation—60 times faster than the planetary rotation (243 days)—is simulated using a Venus-like atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The angular momentum of the superrotation is pumped up by the meridional circulation with the help of waves, which accelerate the equatorial zonal flow. The waves generated by solar heating and shear instability play a crucial role in the atmospheric dynamics of the Venusian superrotation. Vertical and horizontal momentum transports of thermal tides maintain the equatorial superrotation in the middle atmosphere, while equatorward edd

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32

Guillermic, Maxence, Sambuddha Misra, Robert Eagle та Aradhna Tripati. "Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> estimates for the Miocene to Pleistocene based on foraminiferal <i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 806 and 807 in the Western Equatorial Pacific". Climate of the Past 18, № 2 (2022): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-183-2022.

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Abstract. Constraints on the evolution of atmospheric CO2 levels throughout Earth's history are foundational to our understanding of past variations in climate. Despite considerable effort, records vary in their temporal and spatial coverage and estimates of past CO2 levels do not always converge, and therefore new records and proxies are valuable. Here we reconstruct atmospheric CO2 values across major climate transitions over the past 16 million years using the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of planktic foraminifera from 89 samples obtained from two sites in the West Pacific Warm Pool, Oc

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33

Keckhut, P. "Mid-latitude summer response of the middle atmosphere to short-term solar UV changes." Annales Geophysicae 13, no. 6 (1995): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-0641-7.

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Abstract. Temperature and wind data obtained with Rayleigh lidar since 1979 and Russian rockets since 1964 are analyzed to deduce the summer response of the middle atmosphere to short-term solar UV changes. The equivalent width of the 1083 nm He I line is used as a proxy to monitor the short-term UV flux changes. Spectral analyses are performed on 108-day windows to extract the 27-day component from temperature, wind and solar data sets. Linear regressions between these spectral harmonics show some significant correlations around 45 km at mid-latitudes. For large 27-day solar cycles, amplitude

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34

Ramkumar, Geetha, and Veena Suresh Babu. "Climatology of Horizontal Winds in the Lower and Middle Atmosphere over an Equatorial Station - Thiruvananthapuram." Current Science 111, no. 3 (2016): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v111/i3/500-508.

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35

Yamanaka, M. D., and S. Fukao. "A perspective of Middle-Atmosphere Dynamics (MAD) studies at the New International Equatorial Observatory (NIEO)." Advances in Space Research 10, no. 10 (1990): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90023-s.

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36

Furumoto, Jun-ichi, Toshitaka Tsuda, Satoshi Iwai, and Toshiaki Kozu. "Continuous Humidity Monitoring in a Tropical Region with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, no. 4 (2006): 538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1868.1.

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Abstract A radar remote sensing technique that estimates humidity profiles using a wind profiler is applied to the equatorial atmosphere radar (EAR) to monitor detailed humidity variations in tropical regions. Turbulence echo power intensity is related to the vertical refractive index gradient squared (M2). Here, M is primarily determined by the vertical gradient of specific humidity in the lower troposphere. These relations are employed to estimate a humidity profile. EAR is a 47-MHz very high frequency (VHF) atmospheric radar installed at KotoTabang in West Sumatra, Indonesia. A humidity-pro

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37

Kishore, Pangaluru, Isabella Velicogna, Tyler C. Sutterley, Yara Mohajerani, Enrico Ciracì, and Gummadipudi Nagasai Madhavi. "A case study of mesospheric planetary waves observed over a three-radar network using empirical mode decomposition." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 3 (2018): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-925-2018.

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Abstract. In this paper an attempt is made to study equatorial Kelvin waves using a network of three radars: Kototabang (0.204∘ S, 100.320∘ E) meteor radar, Pameungpeuk (7.646∘ S, 107.688∘ E) medium-frequency radar, and Pontianak (0.003∘ S, 109.367∘ E) medium-frequency radar. We have used the continuous data gathered from the three radars during April–May 2010. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP) analysis, and wavelet techniques are used to study the temporal and altitude structures of planetary waves. Here, we used a novel technique called EMD to extract the pla

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38

Debnath, Subhajit, and Uma Das. "Short-Term Variability of Non-Migrating Diurnal Tides in the Stratosphere from CMAM30, ERA-Interim, and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020265.

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The variability of non-migrating tides in the stratosphere is investigated using temperature data from Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM30), ERA-interim reanalysis and Formosa Satellite-3 and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) from 2006 to 2010 using a ±10-day window. CMAM30 and ERA results show that the amplitudes of non-migrating tides, DS0 and DW2, are negligible in the mid and high-latitude stratosphere, and the results from satellite datasets are significantly affected by aliasing in this region, in spite of using a smaller win

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39

Garcia, Rolando R., and Jadwiga H. Richter. "On the Momentum Budget of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 1 (2018): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0088.1.

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Abstract This study documents the contribution of equatorial waves and mesoscale gravity waves to the momentum budget of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in a 110-level version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. The model has high vertical resolution, 500 m, above the boundary layer and through the lower and middle stratosphere, decreasing gradually to about 1.5 km near the stratopause. Parameterized mesoscale gravity waves and resolved equatorial waves contribute comparable easterly and westerly accelerations near the equator. Westerly acceleration by resolved waves is due m

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40

Hitchman, Matthew H., and Conway B. Leovy. "Evolution of the Zonal Mean State in the Equatorial Middle Atmosphere during October 1978-May 1979." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 43, no. 24 (1986): 3159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<3159:eotzms>2.0.co;2.

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41

Dhaka, S. K., A. Kumar, and O. P. Nagpal. "Some studies of tropical/equatorial waves over Indian Tropical Middle Atmosphere: Results of tropical wave campaign." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 51, no. 1-2 (1993): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01080878.

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42

Koval, Andrey V., Olga N. Toptunova, Maxim A. Motsakov, et al. "Numerical modelling of relative contribution of planetary waves to the atmospheric circulation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 7 (2023): 4105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4105-2023.

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Abstract. Using the general circulation model of the middle and upper atmosphere (MUAM), a number of numerical scenarios were implemented to study the impact of individual planetary waves (PWs) on the global atmospheric circulation, including zonal wind, temperature, and residual meridional circulation (RMC). The calculations were performed for the winter conditions of the Northern Hemisphere (January–February). We show the contribution to the formation of the dynamic and temperature regimes of the MUAM made by equatorial Kelvin waves propagating to the east, as well as atmospheric normal mode

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43

Ern, M., and P. Preusse. "Wave fluxes of equatorial Kelvin waves and QBO zonal wind forcing derived from SABER and ECMWF temperature space-time spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (2009): 5623–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-5623-2009.

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Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the zonal mean zonal wind is one of the most important processes in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere in the tropics. Influences of the QBO can even be found at mid and high latitudes. It is widely accepted that the phase descent of alternating tropical easterlies and westerlies is driven by atmospheric waves of both global scale (equatorial wave modes like Kelvin, equatorial Rossby, Rossby-gravity, or inertia-gravity waves), as well as mesoscale gravity waves. However, the relative distribution of the different types of waves to the forcin

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44

Li, Mingzhe, and Xinan Yue. "Statistically analyzing the effect of ionospheric irregularity on GNSS radio occultation atmospheric measurement." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 4 (2021): 3003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3003-2021.

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Abstract. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) atmospheric radio occultation (RO) has been an effective method for exploring Earth's atmosphere. RO signals propagate through the ionosphere before reaching the neutral atmosphere. The GNSS signal is affected by the ionospheric irregularity including the sporadic E (Es) and F region irregularity mainly due to the multipath effect. The effect of ionospheric irregularity on atmospheric RO data has been demonstrated by several studies in terms of analyzing singe cases. However, its statistical effect has not been investigated comprehensivel

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45

Hauchecorne, A., P. Keckhut, and M. L. Chanin. "Interannual variability and long term changes in planetary wave activity in the middle atmosphere observed by lidar." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (2006): 11299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-11299-2006.

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Abstract. The upwelling planetary wave activity (PW) from the troposphere controls the intensity of the equator to pole transport of stratospheric ozone by the Brewer-Dobson circulation and thereby modulates the total ozone content at mid- and high-latitudes. Rayleigh lidar temperature data obtained from 1981 to 2001 at mid-latitude were used to study the interannual variability of PW activity in winter (October to April). The spectrum of stratospheric temperature fluctuations exhibits 2 peaks corresponding to 2 dominant modes of free travelling Rossby waves known as 16 day- and 12 day-waves.

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46

Egito, Fabio, Ricardo Arlen Buriti, Amauri Fragoso Medeiros, and Hisao Takahashi. "Ultrafast Kelvin waves in the MLT airglow and wind, and their interaction with the atmospheric tides." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 1 (2018): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-231-2018.

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Abstract. Airglow and wind measurements from the Brazilian equatorial region were used to investigate the presence and the effects of the 3–4-day ultrafast Kelvin waves in the MLT. The airglow integrated intensities of the OI557.7 nm, O2b(0-1) and OH(6-2) emissions, as well as the OH rotational temperature, were measured by a multichannel photometer, and the zonal and meridional wind components between 80 and 100 km were obtained from a meteor radar. Both instruments are installed in the Brazilian equatorial region at São João do Cariri (7.4∘ S, 36.5∘ W). Data from 2005 were used in this study

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Kawatani, Yoshio, Toshihiko Hirooka, Kevin Hamilton, Anne K. Smith, and Masatomo Fujiwara. "Representation of the equatorial stratopause semiannual oscillation in global atmospheric reanalyses." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (2020): 9115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9115-2020.

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Abstract. This paper reports on a project to compare the representation of the semiannual oscillation (SAO) in the equatorial stratosphere and lower mesosphere within six major global atmospheric reanalysis datasets and with recent satellite Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. All reanalyses have a good representation of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the equatorial lower and middle stratosphere and each displays a clear SAO centered near the stratopause. However, the differences among reanalyses are muc

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van Aalst, M. K., J. Lelieveld, B. Steil, et al. "Stratospheric temperatures and tracer transport in a nudged 4-year middle atmosphere GCM simulation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 1 (2005): 961–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-961-2005.

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Abstract. We have performed a 4-year simulation with the Middle Atmosphere General Circulation Model MAECHAM5/MESSy, while slightly nudging the model’s meteorology in the free troposphere (below 113 hPa) towards ECMWF analyses. We show that the nudging 5 technique, which leaves the middle atmosphere almost entirely free, enables comparisons with synoptic observations. The model successfully reproduces many specific features of the interannual variability, including details of the Antarctic vortex structure. In the Arctic, the model captures general features of the interannual variability, but

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Pfeifer, Lily S., Gerilyn S. Soreghan, Stéphane Pochat, and Jean Van Den Driessche. "Loess in eastern equatorial Pangea archives a dusty atmosphere and possible upland glaciation." GSA Bulletin 133, no. 1-2 (2020): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35590.1.

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Abstract Carboniferous–Permian strata in basins within the Central Pangean Mountains in France archive regional paleoequatorial climate during a unique interval in geological history (Pangea assembly, ice-age collapse, megamonsoon inception). The voluminous (∼1.5 km) succession of exclusively fine-grained red beds that comprises the Permian Salagou Formation (Lodève Basin, France) has long been interpreted to record either lacustrine or fluvial deposition, primarily based on a local emphasis of subaqueous features in the upper ∼25% of the section. In contrast, data presented here indicate that

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Ern, M., and P. Preusse. "Wave fluxes of equatorial Kelvin waves and QBO zonal wind forcing derived from SABER and ECMWF temperature space-time spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 12 (2009): 3957–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3957-2009.

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Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the zonal mean zonal wind is a dynamical phenomenon of the tropical middle atmosphere. Influences of the QBO can even be found at mid and high latitudes. It is widely accepted that the phase descent of alternating tropical easterlies and westerlies is driven by atmospheric waves of both global scale (equatorial wave modes like Kelvin, equatorial Rossby, Rossby-gravity, or inertia-gravity waves), as well as mesoscale gravity waves. However, the relative distribution of the different types of waves to the forcing of the QBO winds is highly uncert

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