Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Équilibre ionique – Modèles mathématiques'
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Gagnon, Frédérick. "Modélisation par éléments finis du transport électrochimique des espèces ioniques dans une cuve Hall-Héroult." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28758/28758.pdf.
Full textTardea, Gabriela. "Sur une formulation équilibre pour un problème de coques minces." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3015.
Full textSamson, Éric. "Modélisation numérique du transport ionique dans les matériaux cimentaires non saturés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18188.
Full textLin, Chunjin. "Modèles mathématiques de la théorie du transfert radiatif." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411849.
Full textVanderbeken-Petit, Isabelle. "Les systèmes eau-gaz-sels, modélisation des équilibres liquide-vapeur." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3023.
Full textKirmanoglu, Hasan. "Esquisse d'un modèle alternatif aux modèles de l'équilibre général-programmables (MEG-P)." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100019.
Full textThis 3e cycle thesis aims to elaborate an essay of an alternative model to the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The principal reason of the choice of such a subject is due to the fact that CGE models do not permit to examine the economic problems that appear in the form of disequilibrium such that inflation, unemployment in spite of the fact that they constitute an alternative to the traditional models likes input-output and linear programming models. This incapacity results of their theoretical basis, i. E. Walrasian general equilibrium theory, that is not defined for disequilibrium situations. That is why our alternative model is based on disequilibrium theory that provides a more general framework which permits analysing the economic problems mentioned above. The thesis is made of two parts. The first part introduces CGE models after having been analysed the reasons that lead their substitution to the traditional models. The second part presents our model by referring to a critical survey of the disequilibrium theory
Nguyen, Huynh Dong. "Modélisation thermodynamique de mélanges symétriques et asymétriques de composés polaires oxygénés et/ou aromatiques par GC-SAFT." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132003.
Full textThe main goal of this study is an as predictive as possible modeling of liquid-vapor and/or liquid-liquid phase equilibria of mixtures containing more or less complex polar compounds of interest for petroleum industry. The model used is based on a SAFT equation of state combined with a group contribution method proposed by Tamouza (GC-SAFT). GC-SAFT has been extended here to polar compounds (Theory of Twu and Gubbins extended to chain molecules by the 'segment approach' of Jog and Chapman). Pure prediction (kij=lij=0) systematic tests of the model have been performed on a large number of mixtures of aromatics, alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and various hydrocarbons. A new group contribution has also been proposed in order to evaluate the kij binary interaction parameter in the case of mixtures containing some specific small molecules as CO2, CH4, C2H6, H2S, N2, CO, CH4O and O2. This method is based on the London theory of dispersive intermolecular forces and uses only pure species parameters. Polar GC-SAFT has been also tested on systems containing multi-functional compounds as diesters, aromatic esters, aromatiques ethers and alkyl phenols. More than 650 mixtures have been considered. Average deviations on bubble pressure are about 5% which can be considered quite acceptable for a predictive method
Bernis, Guillaume. "Théorie mathématique des marchés financiers : équilibres sur des marchés de réassurance incomplets." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010052.
Full textBontemps, Christian. "Modèles de recherche d'emploi d'équilibre." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010045.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the study of equilibrium search models. It consists of three parts the first one is dedicated to a survey of this kind of literature whereas the next two ones expose the models we develop and which incorporate (and generalise) features of previously developed equili- brium search models. In particular, the models allow for on-the-job search. Two kinds of heterogeneity are studied: in the second chapter, we introduce firms' heterogeneity and in the third chapter, we introduce both workers' and firms' heterogeneity. For both cases the equilibrium of the economy is studied in details. When the distribution of firms' productivities is continuous, there is a one-to-one function between wage offered and productivity. An important part of the theoretical analysis concerns the derivation of qualitative features of the equilibrium wage distributions. In fact, the existing models have the drawback of generating a wage earning distribution rather different from the empirical one. Firms' heterogeneity is necessary for a good fit. Other qualitative results relate the shape of the tail of the productivity distribution to the shape ot the tail of the wage offer distributions. In addition to this, we allow for mandatory minimum wage in the models and we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the wage distributions to display a peak at the mandatory minimum wage. We develop a semi-parametric structural estimation method, based on an inversion from wages to productivities. This is applied to longitudinal data issued from the french labour survey enquête- emploi de l'INSEE)
Godbillon, Brigitte. "Modèle d'équilibre séquentiel avec prévision parfaite et horizon fini pour une économie avec monnaie et banque." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32019.
Full textThis thesis develops a sequence equilibrium model with perfect foresight and finite horizon for an economy with money and bank, composed of a finite number of agents. The agents live all the periods of the economy ; each agent receives, at the outset of the economy, an endowment of money, and at the beginning of the unique good available in the period. Only the bank can issue money. At each date, two competitive markets open successively. The first is the financial market where agents' lending and borrowing are centralized by the bank : agents' lending and borrowing plans depend on the discount rate. In the last period, all debts are settled. The bank manages the money stock through either open market policy or discount rate policy. The second market is the spot market where agents trade the consumption good available in the period with the money accumulated before the opening of the market ; these trades plans depend on the consumption good and money. The set of markets is incomplete and the money is the only asset which is traded in all markets. At the out set of the first period, the agents and the bank, assumed to have perfect foresight for all future prices, make their plans for all the duration of the economy : plans of consumptions and monetary holdings for the agents, plans of variations of the stock of money for the bank. Then, the equilibrium is a sequence of prices of consumption goods and money, of discount rates, of issues of money, of plans for which agents' and bank's supplies and demands are balanced on all the markets, at each period. The equilibrium reached depends of the monetary policy. The supplies and demands of agents result from a maximisation behavior of their utility function subject to a sequence of budget constraints (for the spot markets) and to a terminal solvability constraint (for the financial markets). The supplies and demands of the bank result from a passive behavior of adjusting to the need of finance in the economy. This model permits to obtain some results on the neutrality of money, on the efficiency and existence of non monetary or monetary sequence equilibria, depending to the monetary policy chosen by the bank
Amity, Jean-Jacques. "Termes de l'échange et interdépendance des conjonctures dans un modèle de déséquilibre." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX24003.
Full textDifferents economics events of the last years, explained by increasing internationalisation of production and high mobility of production factors and assets, encouraged to postulate for economic interdependence. Those economics events are raw material prices, rates of interest and rates of exchange instabilities as well as increasing and synchronous spread of stagflation since economic interdependence postulate is admitted, national conjuncture analyse and economic policy decisions have to take account external constraint. Enternal constraint means automatics ajustements and commercial parteners economic policy ater national economic impulse. A two countries disequilibrium model (manufactured goods producers industrial raw material producers) where intermediate commodities are flexible will be the framework of our analyse. Under certains conditions, economic policies (action on wages and rate of exchange and monetary transfert) can be favorable for employment on the world. Those conditions concerned the differential propensities to consume, the price elasticities to import raw material. . . And the internationale fixed prices equilibrium. In most cases, balances of trade are caracterised by a automatic ajustement mecanism that depends on real balance effects and flexibility of terms of trade. The most important result of our work is that negative differential propensities to consume (high industrial of contries propensities to consume) is a necessary and suffisant conditions of unicities and stabilities of temporaries equilibrium and "regulars states". * "regulars states means "etats reguliers"
Jordan, Robert. "Essais sur la dynamique du déséquilibre." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX24004.
Full textThe objective of the theory of temporary equilibria with rationing to the determination of quantities when prices, wealth distribution and agents' expectations are given. Accordingly, it supplies a microeconomic foundation for macroeconomic analysis such that it is presented in is-lm tradition. However, quantities solutions that appear are not stationary as long as agents' endowments cannot remain unchanged when trade occurs, and as they are not necessarily satisfied with the transactions they realise. Prices being given, dynamic adjustment of stocks leads to steady states whose stability and comparative static properties are not always the same that those of temporary equilibria. In order to study prices adjustment in disequilibrium situations, it is necessary to exhibit an exact measure of the effective excess demand that appears in a fixed price equilibrium. From this point of view, the theory of effective demand under stochastic and manipulable rationing is better than that one can get from deterministic and non-manipulable rationing schemes. To every price vector, it associate a locally unique temporary equilibrium with a vector of effective excess demand that must go to zero when prices move according to this "law of supply and demand". This price adjustment may be associated with that concerning stocks into a "non tatonnement" process. However, non competitive price dynamics are not to be excluded since, when prices move slowly, agents can rationally hold non walrasian conjectures about their trading possibilities
Vireton, Eric. "Contribution à la modélisation de la pulvérisation par faisceaux d'ions." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10132.
Full textPatel, Mamodyasine. "Développement de modèles macroscopiques pour des systèmes quantiques non linéaires hors équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008345.
Full textAllouane, Tassadit. "Modelisation par la thermodynamique des processus irréversibles du transfert de matière en pervaporation : cas de mélanges liquides complexes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30039.
Full textPervaporation is a membrane process which is of great importance since it makes possible efficient separations which are at once clean and moderate in energy consumption. Up to now the modelling of mass transfer involved is very difficult due to coupling effects between permeants and also between the permeants and the membrane material. In order to rationalize these complex phenomena we develop an approach based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes(TIP). The pervaporation flux for each component is derived which is a linear function of the driving forces. The phenomenological coefficients involved account for the coupling effects mentioned above. There is neither need of precise knowledge of the transfer mechanisms within the membranes, nor of many difficult experiments. The model can be applied to various binary, ternary and even more complex mixtures, over large variations of the compositions. Phenomenological coefficients can be deduced which are actually independent of the fluxes and driving forces. .
Verneau, Philippe. "Captation rapide et modélisation d'équilibres liquide-vapeur." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10162.
Full textBeaubrun-Diant, Kevin Elie. "Rentabilité des actifs et fluctuations économiques." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100073.
Full textMbih, Boniface. "Essai sur la manipulation des procédures de choix collectif." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0509.
Full textOne important problem relating to preference aggregation is the possibility of strategic behaviour. The fundamental result obtained in the early seventies by Gibbard and Satterthwaite establishes that any non dictatorial collective choice procedure selecting a unique outcome is subject to individual manipulation. This result relies on the concept of nash equilibrium. In this work other equilibrium concepts are studied, e. G. The admissible-strategy equilibrium concept (which is more realistic in the context of noncooperative games) and a combination of the concepts of exact equilibrium and nash admissible equilibrium ; results similar to Gibbard-Satterthwaite's are obtained. Evaluation of the proportions of strategic voting opportunities is then explored, for a specific procedure, the plurality rule. For several concepts of equilibrium formulas allowing to obtain exact values with respect to the number of individuals in the society are provided. This is done both in the cases of noncooperative and cooperative games
Haj, Taleb Amer. "Contribution à l'étude et l'optimisation thermodynamique et thermoéconomique des machines à froid." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10204.
Full textThis work represents the results obtained within the context of the author's Ph. D. Study with regard to the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic optimisation of refrigeration cycles. In the first part, endoirreversible models of four reservoirs refrigeration cycle are developed. The study relates, firstly, to the maximisation of the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration machine; then to the maximisation of the exergetic efficiency of a heat transformer without constraints and for various constraints. At the end of this part, a comparison of each studied objective is proposed. In the second part, stationary dynamic models for three types of refrigerating machines (compression, absorption and compression-absorption) are developed. The energetic system is analysed, firstly, from the energetic point of view and then from the economic standpoint in order to predict a rational use of energy, more powerful machines or less expensive machines
Tayakout, Mélaz. "Modélisation et étude expérimentale d'un réacteur à membrane catalytique." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10276.
Full textAnnabi, Nabil. "Libéralisation commerciale en Tunisie : une analyse à l'aide de modèle d'équilibre général calculable dynamique." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010048.
Full textMihoub, Ouahiba. "Un Modèle calculable d'équilibre général appliqué à l'économie algérienne : l'analyse du système productif." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10028.
Full textThe social accounting matrix (sam) is a convenient way of giving a comprehensive and consistent picture of an economy, it is used as data base for many models. A sam of 1979 is built for algerian economy, and used as base for the computable general equilibrium model of Algeria. In fact, within the framework of a fifty-sector macroeconomic model, comparative statics are carried out to assess alternative ways of macroeconomic adjustment. Investment policy, variation of factor quantities, manipulation of exchange rate. . . , are discussed. Their implications are that supply is less sensitive than the demand and prices
Carrier, Bruno. "Modélisation des coupes lourdes des fluides pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30009.
Full textDelmas, Karine. "Étude du comportement des bruits paraffiniques dans les conditions de l'offshore profond." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL055N.
Full textSerin, Jean-Paul. "Etude et modélisation des dépôts solides lors de la détente du gaz naturel." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3028.
Full textThe appearance of a solid deposit within the gas pressure regulation stations of the regional gas supplier total infrastructure Gaz France (TIGF) leads to an increase in maintenance and costs. The analyses of solid samples showed that the deposit is mainly constitued of crystallised sulphur. A protocol has been carried out to quantify the mass of deposited sulphur on the equipment. A data survey supplies by company's operators and a bibliographic study allowed us to determine that drop pressure and temperature are the most influent parameters. Then, two mechanisms of solid formation have been assumed: condensate formation and desublimation. The natural gas behaviour during the pressure drop has been modelled by a reactive flash model. It takes into account partial mass balances, energy balance, relationships which characterise the thermodynamic equilibrium and chemical reactions. The thermodynamic models and the necessary properties have been selected from current literature. The use of both experimental data and our model results seem to prove that the mechanism of desublimation is the right one
Kuhry, Yves. "Concurrence imparfaite et fluctuations de l'activité économique : aspects théoriques et empiriques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/KUHRY_Yves_2005.pdf.
Full textThis thesis seeks to show how taking into account the existence of market imperfections can contribute to the explanation of economic fluctuations. The first chapter consists in a survey of existing literature. Rather than a thorough description of the past literature, this chapter develops a single model, the structure of which is borrowed to Woodford (1986). In this framework, the most important results are obtained as special cases. The second chapter uses the same kind of modelization and examines the effects of introducing market imperfections. It is shown that the existence of imperfectly competitive markets is a plausible source of endogenous fluctuations through the variations of the number of firms and their relations to the profits opportunities. The dynamical analysis carried out in the model of the second chapter is a local one, meaning that it is restricted to the vicinity of steady states. Indeed, a global analysis can seldom be performed in an analytical way and generally necessitates numerical computations. The third chapter aims to develop a software that eases the global study of nonlinear dynamical systems, in particular those which can not be expressed in an explicit manner. At last, the final chapter provides a contribution to the empirical analysis of economic fluctuations. It aims to show, using US agregate data, that observed markups are countercyclical. This countercyclicality, which corresponds to a well-known theoretical fact, is indeed a necessary condition if one wishes to put forward market imperfections as an explanation of economic cycles. A spectral analysis is conducted that gives strong support the the countercyclicality of markups in the us economy and hence motivates further researches about the dynamical aspects of imperfect competition
Lapied, André. "Apprentissage et convergence vers l'équilibre de marché." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX3A000.
Full textDenison, Francis. "Spéciation de l'uranium (VI), modélisation, incertitude et implication pour les modèles de biodisponibilité : application à l'accumulation dans les branchies chez un bivalve d'eau douce." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11023.
Full textChabot, Christian. "Analyse numérique du changement de phase solide-liquide autour d'un tube horizontal soumis à une sollicitation thermique périodique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26949.
Full textThis master thesis presents a mathematical and numerical model to analyze the behavior of a latent solid-liquid heat storage unit represented by a tube surrounded by phase change material. The system is undergoing an oscillating load of heating and cooling. A scale analysis predicts the behavior of the system with regard to the main governing dimensionless numbers. A normalized parameter is proposed to delineate designs in which conduction dominates compared to those in which natural convection dominates. The study reveals the impact of major thermal storage unit design parameters on its operation and deepens our knowledge in the field of phase change with natural convection. Various indicators, such as the size of the thermally affected zone around the tube, the molten or solidified volume and a frequency analysis, have been developed to analyze the system performance. Correlations are proposed to easily determine the system behavior.
Montaud, Jean-Marc. "Une approche macroéconomique du secteur informel en Équateur : un essai de modélisation en équilibre général calculable." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40039.
Full textBillot, Antoine. "Préférence imprécise et équilibres économiques : une analyse axiomatique." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOE005.
Full textFaucheux, Sébastien. "Identification paramétrique des capteurs d'accélération angulaire chez l'Homme." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13035.
Full textThe identification of the mechanical characteristics of semicircular canals (SCC) of the inner ear of Man interests clinicians, in the case of balance disorders, as much as fluid mechanics. Identifying directly these characteristics for horizontal SCC is made impossible due to the presence of a "velocity storage" mechanism in the vestibulo-ocular reflex linked to them. Studies based on visual testing seem to prove that such a mechanism does not exist for vertical SCC. The originality of the present study consists in a procedure which excites the vertical canals. The head of the subject is tilted in such a way that one pair of vertical canals is in the stimulation plane of a rotating chair around the vertical axis. Eye movements were recorded via video-nystagmography. We have applied a new method of parametric identification in time domain. Convergence is reached when the set composed of the physical system and the parameterized model is stable according to Liapunov theory. This is guaranteed by a criterion based on the difference of one state value between them. This criterion separates parameter differences and state variable differences in an appropriate Liapunov function. This is done without the MKY lemma. A great part of the thesis job was to develop this method. The identification results have been compared with those of a minimum square fit of a model on the numerical transfer function. Concordant results prove the validity of our method on noisy recordings. Identified time constant values trend to demonstrate that there is,indeed, a "velocity storage" mechanism for vertical SCC. This mechanism hinders estimates of their mechanical parameters, from input/ouput recordings, with a frequency scanning method
Fodha, Mouez. "Une analyse des politiques fiscales de l'environnement par les modèles à générations imbriquées." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010028.
Full textThis thesis aims at assessing the consequences of fiscal policies partaking in environmental policies. This approach is original in that different generations responsible for intergenerational externalities are being taken into account. In a first chapter, we raise the question whether conciliations between private agents' span - limited by the life cycle hypothesis - and the environment long term span are possible. This temporal op, position is a source of iniquity since agents' selfish behaviour precludes any intergenerational obliga, tion contract. The second chapter characterizes the necessary conditions for the obtention of a double dividend, i. E. An improvement of non-environmental welfare when the revenue of the tax is recycled by a reduction in the rate of social contributions. We then show how to determine an optimal combination of envi, ronmental tax and social contribution which do not deteriorate current generations' welfare. The achievement of this second dividend, compatible with the first one - the improvement of the envi, ronmental quality - lays down specific conditions with regard to the economy capital intensity. This result emphasizes how important the choices of the specifications used to evaluate the double divi, dend hypothesis are. In the third chapter, the revenue of the tax is assigned to pollution abatement. We simultaneously consider a public abatement pollution sector financed by a tax, and private voluntary contributions to the abatement of pollution. We show that, under certain conditions, this tax may lead to a double divi, dend. In a last chapter, we build an overlapping generation general equilibrium model applied to eco, nomic policies of environmental protection. We distinguish two categories of households (skilled and unskilled workers) as well as two productive sectors (standard and green). Numerical results show that the assignment of the environmental tax revenues to pollution abatement is more apt to generate a double dividend situation
Winant, Pablo. "Modèles stochastiques d'équilibre général dynamique à deux agents." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0048.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the numerical solution and properties of dynamic general equilibrium models, in which two agents can trade in one or many assets. In the first chapter, I develop an approximation method around a « risky steady-state » which captures precautionary behavior of economic agents. In a simple two-countries models, I show that this effect stabilizes the net foreign asset position. The second chapter provides theoretical foundations to adapt classical perturbation methods in order to characterize dynamic portfolios in general or partial equilibrium. It also evaluates its precision relative to other concurring methods. The third chapter studies financial integration in the stochastic neoclassical model. By comparing quantitatively the effects of precautionary savings by risky countries with the effects of efficient capital allocation, the model is able to predict capital flow reversals a few years after integration. Counter-intuitively, the safer country benefits more from financial integration that the risky one. Last chapters links an increase in income inequalities with a debt accumulation by the 95% poorest households. The debt buildup induces in turn a rational default by bottom earners, leading to crises episodes similar to the great depression and the great recession. The debt accumulation comes from the preference for wealth by top earners that matches the observed behavior of the top 5% households. When calibrated to empirical data, the model is able to reproduce the magnitude of debt accumulation and the increase in crisis probability that were historically observed before the two historical episodes
Lessy, Djaffar. "Modèles mathématiques pour le microcrédit et la finance islamique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4089.
Full textThe thesis addresses three questions. The first (Chapter II) presents a Markov model for microcredit leading to inclusion, the second (Chapter III) offers models for certain products of Islamic finance: Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) and Cost-Plus financing (CPF), the third (Chapter IV) proposes a game theory model for the PLS contract. Chapter I introduces the concepts and results used in the following chapters: Markov Chains with Income (MCI), income flow of a MCI, and Expected Income Flow (EIF) and we give a theorem to calculate this EIF. In chapter II, we consider a Markov chain model of a borrower from a Microfinance Institution (MFI) that evolves between four states: applicant (A), beneficiary of a small (B-) or large loan (B+), and included (I) in the regular banking system. We also propose the choice of the transition matrix P. We calculate the equilibrium and deduce the influence of the parameters of P on two points: the rate of access of the poorest to bank financing thanks to microcredit and the interest rate minimum to be practiced by the MFI taking into account the two types of microcredits granted. We also explain and quantitatively analyze the constraints in order to have Absence of Strategic Default (ASD). Chapter III provides models for two Islamic finance products, namely the PLS and the CPF. For the PLS, we build a two-state MCI model: applicant (A) and beneficiary (B), we calculate the proportion of beneficiaries in the population at equilibrium and calculate the ASD conditions in this contract. For the CPF, we show that in the event of repayments without delay, the microcredit introduced by Muhammad Yunus is compatible with the rules of the CPF. In the event of delays, we use a model from P. Mauk to compute the random amount that would remain to be paid at the end of the installments required by the contract. Finally, Chapter IV provides a Bayesian game model for a PLS contract for two utility functions ("social" or “for profit”) of the bank when it cannot know what is the type, efficient or not, of its agent, but knows the proportion p of efficient agents. We discuss the effect of the profit sharing rate of the PLS contract, its adverse selection effect on the PLS market and give the Nash equilibrium of this Bayesian game
Faucheux, Jean-François. "Influence du substrat semi-isolant sur les caractéristiques électriques des transistors à effet de champ Ga As réalisés par implantation ionique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ESAE0013.
Full textFerjani, Ali. "Equilibre sectoriel, équilibre général : modélisation de l'impact de la libéralisation sur l'agriculture et l'économie tunisiennes." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10014.
Full textSavard, Luc. "Analyse de la pauvreté et distribution de revenus dans le cadre de la modélisation en équilibre général calculable." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0092.
Full textOver the last ten years, economists have proposed macro-micro modelling approaches to analyse the impact of economic policy reforms on poverty and income distribution. In this thesis, we propose an alternative general equilibrium approach that builds on the integrated multi-households and sequential micro simulation models. The approach is both flexible and rich and explicitly takes into account the feedback effects generated at the micro household level. A comparative analysis with the representative household approach revealed the importance of endogenizing the income distribution. The introduction of a flexible form for consumption has generated strong effects on poverty and inequality indices. Finally the non linear labour supply has shown the flexibility of the approach. Hence, the approach offers a rich and flexible alternative to researchers interested by impact analysis of macroeconomic reforms on poor households
Tourret, Damien. "Modélisation des cinétiques de réactions multiples dans les alliages métalliques : étude de la microségrégation lors de la solidification dendritique, péritectique et eutectique d'alliages aluminium-nickel." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005817.
Full textAtomised powders of aluminium-nickel alloys may be processed to obtain Raney nickel, a catalyst used in numerous industrial processes. Catalytic activity strongly depends on the progress of the multiple solidification reactions during atomisation. A microsegregation model for metallic alloys solidification is thus developed. Considering finite diffusion fluxes, dendritic, peritectic and eutectic reactions kinetics and nucleation undercoolings, an advanced alternative to Gulliver-Scheil model or the lever rule is proposed. Coupling with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations is achieved to evaluate interfacial compositions and enthalpy terms in the energy balance. The model is applied to a binary alloy, with constant densities of phases, to simulate the atomisation process of Al-Ni alloy droplets. A dedicated model is chosen for the heat transfer boundary conditions. Results are compared to measurements from neutron diffraction experiments. Interpretations are thus given on the non trivial behaviour of rapidly solidified Al-Ni alloys. The proposed model allows estimating concurrent effects of different kinetics (chemical diffusion, heat balance, microstructures growth kinetics, etc. ) during solidification out of equilibrium. Main prospective developments from this work include: extension to multicomponent alloys, introduction of variable densities, coupling with macroscopic calculations
Lega, Notari Elena. "Analyse de la dynamique du modèle néo-autrichien de croissance : études d'économies hors de l'équilibre." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0045.
Full textMartin, Boris. "Formulation intégrale de l'approche DNRL et réflexions sur l'endommagement." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL054N.
Full textRuffine, Livio. "Équilibres de phases à basse température de systèmes complexes CO2 - hydrocarbures légers - méthanol - eau : mesures et modélisation." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10160.
Full textLoyat, Jacques. "Le modèle d'équilibre général permet-il d'expliquer l'évolution économique ? : lecture de quelques travaux contemporains." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOE006.
Full textThe general equilibrium theory has oriented numerous contemporanous policies. It is therefore justified to understand what is the scope of this model and to ask whether it is able to account for economic evolution. The analysis covers the Arrow-Debreu model, the temporary equilibrium models and the models of growth. It deals with the improvements of the Walrassian model. Whatever the sophistications are, the general equilibrium model still remains a pure exchange model. Because of the lack of delays to adjust supply and demand and because of the absence of profits and entrepreneurs able to act under true uncertainty, the model cannot account for production. The endogenous growth introduce a revolution in the dynamic of the Walrassian model, with the representation of innovation and increasing returns, which logically calls for a new theoretical approach
Lambert, Jean-Pierre. "Détermination expérimentale des équilibres entre phases concernant un nouveau procédé de fabrication du méthacrylate de méthyle : modélisation par UNIFAC modifié." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD258.
Full textAfzal, Waheed. "Equilibres de phases des systèmes glycol-gaz naturel." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP1651.
Full textN the awake of demand for natural gas products, the gas industry has to exploit reserves having more and more acid gases. In the meanwhile, a great emphasis has been laid down on environmental protection because of both ‘customer requirements' and promulgation of stringent legislations. The industry is also required to develop an all-around strategy to improve the processing and capacity by adopting energy conservation practices, cutting short material losses, minimizing wastages, and decreasing the environmental impact of its processes. The engineering solutions of these problems require reliable phase equilibrium information of systems containing natural gas components, production chemicals (inhibitors for gas hydrate, corrosion, et foaming, etc. ) and solvents used for gas purifications (amines, glycols, etc. ) in order to develop and extend thermodynamic models. These models can be used for process design and optimization. The current work is devoted to study phase equilibria of various systems containing sulfur species (COS, H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons, and glycol aqueous solutions. The major task of the study is to provide the necessary reliable “vapor-liquid” equilibrium data, whereas, extension of a suitable thermodynamic model, capable of handling complex fluids with strong hydrogen bonding abilities, (like Cubic-Plus-Association equation of state) is another important objective of the study
Berta, Nathalie. "Origines et fondements de la représentation du marché dans la théorie de l'équilibre général concurrentiel." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010075.
Full textRanjan, Abhishek. "Économie financière en multi-période et non-arbitrage." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010070.
Full textDallaire, Jonathan. "Modélisation des changements de phase solide-liquide : effet de la variation de la densité avec la phase et du couplage thermomécanique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27716.
Full textPhase change materials (PCM) are commonly used in a vast range of engineering applications in which they can serve, for example, as a way of storing thermal energy in the form of latent energy. Solid-liquid phase change has been the subject of many studies in the past decades both experimentally and numerically. Due to the different ways in which matter is organized at the molecular level, the physical properties of the solid and liquid phases are different. In particular, the density variations during phase change leads to volume variations, i.e., the PCM will either expand or shrink, depending on the relative density of each phase. In most studies, however, volume variations during solid-liquid phase change were deemed negligible and were not taken into account. The additional complexity and the challenges associated with the mathematical and numerical modeling of solid-liquid phase change with variable density are such that only a handful of studies on the topic may be found in literature, especially in the case where the PCM interacts with its physical boundaries (thermo-mechanical coupling). The goal of this thesis is therefore to contribute to the state of the art in terms of mathematical and numerical modeling of solid-liquid phase change when both density variations and thermo-mechanical coupling between the PCM and its container are taken into account. First, a new set of conservation equations is derived for solid-liquid phase change with different properties for each phase, especially the density. By representing the mushy region of the PCM as a porous medium (similarly to the well-known enthalpy-porosity model), macroscopic average conservation equations are developed by applying a method of volume averaging to the exact conservation equations for the solid and liquid phases at the pore level. The choice of the assumption regarding the velocity of the solid phase within the mushy region (stationary or moving) is achieved by the use of a single numerical parameter. Numerical simulations of a 1D solidification problem were performed with a finite volume code on Matlab to outline the differences between the new model and the existing enthalpy-porosity model. Then, the mathematical model developed in the first part of this thesis was extended in order to account for the interaction of the PCM with its physical boundaries. Two new models for the thermo-mechanical coupling were introduced. In the first model, it was assumed that the PCM expansion was constrained by an elastic wall and that the pressure rise within the PCM followed a modified Hooke’s law. In the second model, an air gap was introduced on top of the PCM in order to allow the latter to expand more easily. Analytical correlations were derived to predict relevant physical quantities at equilibrium, such as the pressure rise within the system, the melting temperature, the height of the PCM slab, etc. The finite volume code developed during the first part of this work was extended with a moving mesh technique to accommodate the volume variations of the PCM. The problem studied was the solidification of a 1D PCM slab of finite height. The numerical results were compared against the analytical predictions at equilibrium and showed good agreement. Finally, the elastic wall model introduced in the previous part of the thesis was applied to the problem of solidification of water near its density extremum in a 2D cavity with natural convection. The complete model was implemented in commercial software package (Fluent). A new methodology was developed in order to improve the capabilities of the software and the thermo-mechanical coupling was achieved with the help of a set of User-Defined Functions (UDF). The effect of the confinement of water as it solidifies inside the cavity was studied by varying the stiffness of the elastic wall. It was shown that the pressure rise resulting from the thermo-mechanical coupling significantly influences the flow pattern and the solidification rate of the PCM.
Sbabou, Samir. "Équilibres de Nash dans les jeux de congestion à choix unique : Théorie et Applications." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0663.
Full textThis dissertation studies the singleton congestion games. In the first part, which deals with the symmetric case of this type of games, we propose a simple and practical formula which permits to describe the set of all Nash equilibria of a given game. The second part analyses the family of the non symmetric singleton congestion games. In this case, we isolate the subclasses of this family (case of two strategies, case of exact partition) for which we demonstrate that is possible to construct an exhaustive list for all Nash equilibria. In the general case, we present a constructive proof to compute more easily (at least) a Nash equilibrium, without using either the potential function (Rosenthal, 1973), or the improvement mechanism (Milchtaich, 1996). Finally, we examine the possibility to exploit our results in certain congestion games’ applications such as the network congestion games and the allocation of tasks
Nematiaram, Tahereh. "Modélisation hors-équilibre des cellules solaires : effets quantiques au niveau nanométrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY056/document.
Full textA fundamental global challenge is to develop an inexpensive, stable and scalable technology for efficiently harvesting solar photon energy and converting it into convenient forms. Photovoltaic energy conversion is attracting great attention such that several generations of solar cells have emerged. The existing types of solar cells roughly fall into two distinct classes: conventional inorganic photovoltaics (IPVs), such as silicon p-n junctions, and excitonic solar cells (XSCs). The mechanistic distinction of IPVs and XSCs results in fundamental differences in their photovoltaic behavior.According to the type of materials used in their structure, excitonic solar cells are classified into two categories: dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) and organic photovoltaics (OPV) developed in single-layer and bi-layer including planar and bulk hetero--junction configurations. Quantum dot solar cells (QDSC) are another type of solar cells that have a similar configurations to DSCs or OPVs.While understanding the performance of excitonic solar cells has been a central effort of the scientific community for many years, theoretical approaches facilitating the understanding of electron-hole interaction and recombination effects on the cell performance are needed. Semiclassical theories are inefficient tools to treat quantum phenomena in nano-structured solar cells, and on the other hand, due to the Coulomb attraction between the photo generated carriers, the application of standard Non-Equilibrium Green Function (NEGF) formalism presents some difficulties although some specific methods allow to circumvent this problem.In this thesis we develop a new quantum formalism, which is based on quantum scattering theory and on the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the fundamental processes taking place in the operation of excitonic solar cells. Considering simple two-level models we address important effects such as the short--range and long--range electron--hole Coulomb interaction, the electron--hole recombination, the existence of extra evacuation channels, and the electron--phonon coupling and polaronic bands formation.Here, the two-level excitonic solar cells are considered in the permanent and transitory regimes of charge injection. The molecular photocells where the energy conversion process takes place in a single molecular donor-acceptor complex attached to electrodes are considered as a representative of XSCs in the permanent regime. As an example for the photovoltaic devices in the transitory regime, we consider the bulk hetero--junction organic photovoltaic cells (BHJ OPVs) which are the most common approach to OPVs and consists of mixed donor and acceptor species that form interpenetrating connective networks. In these systems the exciton created by the photon absorption in the donor side must reach first the donor--acceptor interface. From this moment only a transitory regime begins where the charges can be separated and injected in their respective sides.We demonstrate that the charge carrier separation is a complex process that is affected by different parameters, such as the strength of the electron--hole interaction and the non--radiative recombination rate. Furthermore, depending on the cell structure, the electron-hole interaction can normally decrease or abnormally increase the cell efficiency. The proposed model helps to understand the mechanisms of excitonic solar cells, and it can be used to optimize their yield