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Journal articles on the topic 'Equilibrium codes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Kallman, Joshua B., and Leonid E. Zakharov. "Bishop-Taylor equilibria for calibration equilibrium and equilibrium reconstruction codes." Physics of Plasmas 14, no. 7 (2007): 072504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2749498.

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2

Lim, Chin. "Moral sentiments and equilibrium moral codes." International Journal of Social Economics 30, no. 9 (2003): 985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290310487540.

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3

Bishnu, Partha S., Djamel Hamiroune, and Mohamad Metghalchi. "Development of Constrained Equilibrium Codes and Their Applications in Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 123, no. 3 (2001): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1385517.

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Two constrained equilibrium codes, GNASA and GSTANJAN, have been developed which determine the composition of constrained equilibrium gas mixture. These codes use NASA and STANJAN equilibrium programs as the basis for generalized equilibrium routines. Gas mixture composition is determined by minimizing Gibbs free energy of the mixture subject to any specified constraints in addition to elemental constraints. Performances of these two codes have been compared to each other, and it has been found that GSTANJAN converges over a wider range of constraints, while the convergence of GNASA is limited

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4

Böhringer, Hans. "Equilibrium Ionization and Non-Equilibrium Ionization Plasma Models." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 166 (1997): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100071232.

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AbstractThis paper provides a brief review on ionization and radiation models of an optically thin, hot plasma and their application to the interpretation of observations of the Local Bubble. The basic structure and atomic physics ingredients of the models are outlined. Some general characteristic results of ionization equilibrium and non-equilibrium calculations are shown. Recent progress in plasma model codes is reviewed. The interpretation of the observations of absorption lines and emission spectra from the Local Bubble is discussed in the framework of ionization equilibrium and non-equili

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5

Li, Xujing, and Leonid E. Zakharov. "Equilibrium Spline Interface ( ESI) for magnetic confinement codes." Computer Physics Communications 221 (December 2017): 358–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2017.08.015.

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6

Baldık, Rıdvan, Hüseyin Aytekin, and Ozan Artun. "Investigation of excitation functions for (n, 2n) reactions on some samarium, europium and gadolinium isotopes in the mass region 144≤A≤160." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 14 (2014): 1450074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314500746.

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In this paper, we investigated excitation functions of (n, 2n) reactions on the target nuclei in the mass region (144≤A≤160) for some samarium, europium and gadolinium isotopes. Studies were performed for incident neutron energies between 1 MeV and 20 MeV. We used the ALICE/ASH and TALYS 1.4 codes to investigate the pre-equilibrium effects and the ALICE/ASH were used for the equilibrium effects. The effects of collision probabilities on pre-equilibrium excitation functions were also investigated.

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7

Tessore, B., C. Pinte, J. Bouvier, and F. Ménard. "Atomic line radiative transfer with MCFOST." Astronomy & Astrophysics 647 (March 2021): A27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039697.

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Aims. We present MCFOST-art, a new non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer solver for multilevel atomic systems. The code is embedded in the 3D radiative transfer code MCFOST and is compatible with most of the MCFOST modules. The code is versatile and designed to model the close environment of stars in 3D. Methods. The code solves for the statistical equilibrium and radiative transfer equations using the Multilevel Accelerated Lambda Iteration method. We tested MCFOST-art on spherically symmetric models of stellar photospheres as well as on a standard model of the solar atmosphe

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8

Singh, N. L., та S. Mukherjee. "Effects of level density in the cross sections of (α, xn), (α, pxn), (α, 2pxn) and (α, αxn) reactions in 197Au, 181Ta, natIn and 93Nb and pre-equilibrium analysis". Canadian Journal of Physics 87, № 9 (2009): 1037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p09-067.

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Excitation functions are measured for α-particle-induced reactions on 197Au, 181Ta, natIn, and 93Nb in the energy region 18 to 60 MeV using the activation method and γ-ray spectrometry. The experimental results are compared with semiclassical model codes, STAPRE, ALICE-91, and COMPLET. These models take into account compound nuclei as well as pre-equilibrium emissions. The angular momentum removal effects have also been included in the COMPLET code. The Monte Carlo simulation code PACE4 is also employed for the calculations of equilibrium cross sections. In the case of neutron emission channel

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9

Piro, M. H. A., T. M. Besmann, S. Simunovic, B. J. Lewis, and W. T. Thompson. "Numerical verification of equilibrium thermodynamic computations in nuclear fuel performance codes." Journal of Nuclear Materials 414, no. 3 (2011): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.05.012.

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10

Piro, M. H. A., M. J. Welland, and M. Stan. "On the interpretation of chemical potentials computed from equilibrium thermodynamic codes." Journal of Nuclear Materials 464 (September 2015): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.04.004.

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11

Kamp, Inga, Sergey Korotin, Lyudmila Mashonkina, Norbert Przybilla, and Slava Shimansky. "Round Table Summary: Comparison of Different NLTE Codes and the Role of Atomic Input Data." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 210 (2003): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900133467.

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We started a comparison between different NLTE codes that calculate the statistical equilibrium in solar-type and late type stars (G - A type stars). Discrepancies between different authors analyzing the statistical equilibrium of the same element in the same atmosphere are often surprisingly large. Hence, this study was meant to nail down the origin of these differences. The preliminary results indicate that even if the atmosphere and the atomic input data is fixed, discrepancies of up to 40% in the outer atmospheric layers are still present; the main reason is the different treatment of the

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12

Özdoğan, H., İsmail Hakki Sarpün, Mert Şekerci, and Abdullah Kaplan. "Production cross-section calculations of 111In via proton and alpha-induced nuclear reactions." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 08 (2021): 2150051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321500516.

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[Formula: see text], a known gamma emitter, is used for many medical purposes such as imaging of myocardial metastases. It can be produced by using different nuclear reactions. In this study, the reactions of [Formula: see text]Ag([Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]3n)[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]4n)[Formula: see text], which are the production routes of [Formula: see text], were inv

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13

Dutta, Sayantan, and Radhikesh Prasad Nanda. "A Simplified Approach of Design Pile Foundation on Liquefiable Soil in India." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 13, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.292466.

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In India piles are designed as per IS 2911:2010 (Part 1) for different soil conditions considering all the load criteria. But there is no such provision in Indian Standard Codes for designing piles in potentially liquefiable soils. In this paper, the design of pile foundation in liquefiable soil is discussed. The provisions for design of pile foundations in liquefiable soil from different codes of practice from different countries are studied and the design approaches for the same are discussed based on those studies (Puri et al. 2008). The load bearing capacity of a pile in liquefied soil and

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14

Kinsey, J. E., L. L. Lao, O. Meneghini, J. Candy, P. B. Snyder, and G. M. Staebler. "Equilibrium reconstruction of DIII-D plasmas using predictive modeling of the pressure profile." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 6 (2022): 062502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0078935.

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New workflows have been developed for predictive modeling of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium in tokamak plasmas. The goal of this work is to predict the MHD equilibrium in tokamak discharges without having measurements of the kinetic profiles. The workflows include a cold start tool, which constructs all the profiles and power flows needed by transport codes; a Grad–Shafranov equilibrium solver; and various codes for the sources and sinks. For validation purposes, a database of DIII-D tokamak discharges has been constructed that is comprised of scans in the plasma current, toroidal magne

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15

Krause, G. "Hydrostatic equilibrium preservation in MHD numerical simulation with stratified atmospheres." Astronomy & Astrophysics 631 (October 22, 2019): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936387.

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Context. Many astrophysical processes involving plasma flows are produced in the context of a gravitationally stratified atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium, in which strong gradients can exist with gas properties that vary in small regions by several orders of magnitude. The standard Godunov-type schemes with polynomial reconstruction used to numerically solve these problems fail to preserve the hydrostatic equilibrium owing to the appearance of spurious fluxes generated by the numerical unbalance between gravitational forces and pressure gradients. Aims. The aim of this work is to present

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16

Brochard, G., J. Bao, C. Liu, et al. "Verification and validation of linear gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD simulations for internal kink instability in DIII-D tokamak." Nuclear Fusion 62, no. 3 (2022): 036021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac48a6.

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Abstract Verification and linear validation of the internal kink instability in tokamak have been performed for both gyrokinetic (GTC) and kinetic-MHD codes (GAM-solver, M3D-C1-K, NOVA, XTOR-K). Using realistic magnetic geometry and plasma profiles from the same equilibrium reconstruction of the DIII-D shot #141216, these codes exhibit excellent agreement for the growth rate and mode structure of the internal kink mode when all kinetic effects are suppressed. The simulated radial mode structures, obtained from linear simulations, are in reasonable agreement with the normalised electron cyclotr

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17

Piro, Markus H. A. "Thermodynamically Informed Nuclear Fuel Codes—A Review and Perspectives." Thermo 1, no. 2 (2021): 262–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/thermo1020018.

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A number of codes are used to predict various aspects of nuclear fuel performance and safety, ranging from conventional fuel performance codes to simulate normal operating conditions to integral engineering codes to simulate severe accident behaviour. There has been a number of reportings in the open literature of nuclear fuel codes being informed by thermodynamic calculations, ranging from the use of simple thermodynamic correlations to direct coupling of equilibrium thermodynamic software. Progress in expanding predictive capabilities have been reported, which also includes advances in therm

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18

Franza, F., I. S. Landman, and S. Pestchanyi. "Development of an advanced magnetic equilibrium model for fusion reactor system codes." Fusion Engineering and Design 136 (November 2018): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.02.014.

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19

Herrnegger, F., P. Merkel, and J. L. Johnson. "Comparison of two-dimensional and three-dimensional MHD equilibrium and stability codes." Journal of Computational Physics 66, no. 2 (1986): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(86)90074-4.

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20

Kiselev, E. O., I. M. Balachenkov, N. N. Bakharev, et al. "Free-Boundary Plasma Equilibrium Computation in Spherical Globus-M2 Tokamak by Means of the pyGSS Code." Физика плазмы 49, no. 12 (2023): 1357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367292123601224.

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The pyGSS code constructed for computation of free-boundary plasma equilibrium in sphericalGlobus-M2 tokamak is described. Currents in the coils of the electromagnetic system, their coordinates,plasma current, positions of the limiter and current-conducting wall, etc., are used as the input parameters.Free parameters determining spatial distribution of equilibrium pressure and current density are selected inthe course of code execution in such a way that the results of reconstruction would agree with the experimentalmeasurements of the poloidal magnetic flux by means of toroidally closed loops

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21

Parail, V., R. Albanese, R. Ambrosino, et al. "Self-consistent simulation of plasma scenarios for ITER using a combination of 1.5D transport codes and free-boundary equilibrium codes." Nuclear Fusion 53, no. 11 (2013): 113002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/11/113002.

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22

Kaastra, J. S. "Astrophysical Plasmas and Atomic Processes." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900114391.

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Several plasma codes are available for the analysis of hot astrophysical plasmas. Among the oldest are the Raymond-Smith model (Raymond & Smith 1977) and Mewe-Gronenschild model (Mewe et al. 1985, 1986). Minor updates to this last code have resulted in the meka model (Kaastra 1992); major updates (most importantly the ionization balance and the treatment of the Fe-L complex) resulted in the mekal code (Mewe, Kaastra & Liedahl 1995). Here also the plasma codes of Masai (1984) and Landini & Monsignori Fossi (1990) should be mentioned. The RS, meka and mekal codes are included in the

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23

GÜLÜMSER, Tuğçe, and Abdullah KAPLAN. "Cross-Section Calculations of Medical Radioisotope 64Cu via some Proton, Neutron and Deuteron Reactions." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 44, no. 3 (2023): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1290957.

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The Copper-64 radioisotope, whose academic research continues on diagnostic and therapeutic use, was examined in this study. 64Cu radioisotope is unique among other Cu isotopes for medical usage due to its low positron energy, appropriate half-life, and short tissue penetration. In cases where experimental data are missing, cross-section calculations can be used, and the existence of the cross-section data may provide various advantages in managing time, cost, and efficiency. In this context, investigated detailed cross-section calculations of the 64Cu isotope. To this end, cross-sections acqu

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24

Yoo, Jisang. "Decomposition of infinite-to-one factor codes and uniqueness of relative equilibrium states." Journal of Modern Dynamics 13, no. 1 (2018): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2018021.

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25

Kocabıyık, Mehmet. "A Maple program to the Analysis of Equilibrium Points in Social Media Addiction Model." Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 18, no. 1 (2025): 115–28. https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1514507.

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In today's world, the relationship between social media and the internet is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, there is a need to determine the level of social media addiction. In addition to expressing social media addiction mathematically, equilibrium point analyzes of such equation systems also illuminate the extent and impact of addiction. This study focuses on such a model. Discretization of the model was achieved using the non-standard finite difference method. Equilibrium points were identified and analyzed using the Maple software package. In addition, Maple working codes are

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26

Alexander, Jude S., Christopher Maxwell, Jeremy Pencer, and Mouna Saoudi. "EQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: A “HOW-TO” FOR THE BEGINNERS." CNL Nuclear Review 9, no. 1 (2020): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/cnr.2018.00009.

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The ready availability of codes such as LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) for molecular dynamics simulations has opened up the realm of atomistic modelling to novice code users with an interest in computational materials modelling but who lack the appropriate theoretical or computational background. As such, there is significant risk of the “user effect” having a negative impact on the quality of results obtained using such codes. Here, we present a “how-to” procedure for equilibrium molecular dynamics-based nuclear fuel thermal conductivity calculations using

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27

Sapozhnikov, Valeriy, Vladimir Sapozhnikov, Dmitriy Efanov, and Dmitriy Pyvovarov. "Application of constant-weight code "1-out-if-5" for the organization of combinational circuits check." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 2 (June 20, 2017): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2017-2-307-319.

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Objective: To study specificities of “1-out of-5”equilibrium code application in the process of concurrent error detection of combinational logic circuits organization. Methods: Information and coding theories, as well as technical diagnostics of discrete systems were applied. Results: It was suggested to apply a “1-out of-5”equilibrium code in organizing of combinational circuits control by means of Boolean complement method, the tester of which has a simple structure and needs five testing patterns for its full check. The calculation method of Boolean complement functions was given; the form

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28

Razumov, Evgnii. "Globalization as a socio-environmental equilibrium: applying Luhmann`s theory to Integrated Reporting." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207401028.

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International accounting standards systems are able to define borders by producing reference codes for institutional, informational and cultural codes. Such ways of influence are similar to globalization in other societal spaces: for example internalization of trade systems has been produced by creating institutes and organizations as well as miscellaneous standards. These tendencies have been highlighted by Niklas Luhmann through differentiation of borders determinants of a system. And this operational determination of globalization as continual creation of the world system is to be highly ap

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29

Garipov, A. I., and P. A. Pyatkin. "Seismic analysis method of steel structures connections." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 2 (2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-2-51-59.

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The article presents a technique of calculating steel structures connections taking into consideration the results of seismic analysis of steel structure carried out by linear spectral method. This technique allows reaching the equilibrium of forces and moments applied to the connection, wherein extreme internal forces’ values received correspond to the internal forces’ values obtained according to the currently valid acting construction codes.

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30

Kemp, A. R. "Inelastic instability of rectangular and nonrectangular frames." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 3 (1999): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-063.

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Proposals are described for extending the elastic amplification approach to frame instability given in the Canadian and South African codes for structural steel design to both nonrectangular frames and material inelasticity. The proposed approach to generalized nonrectangular frames is based on sway equilibrium equations which are derived by the principle of virtual work for each independent mode of sway collapse. The influence of material inelasticity is assessed by idealizing the moment-curvature relationship and the load-deflection behaviour between an effective elastic limit and the format

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31

Ghosh, Satyajit. "Efficiency of Cournot and Bertrand Equilibria with Non-cooperative and Cooperative R&D in Presence of Product Differentiation." Indian Economic Journal 69, no. 1 (2021): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662211015389.

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Strategic cooperative and non-cooperative R&D decisions are analysed in the presence of R&D spillover and product differentiation. Using a two-stage game it is shown that in both Cournot and Bertrand duopolies, R&D and output levels are larger and prices are lower under cooperative R&D agreements compared to non-cooperative R&D. For complementary and independent goods, these results are valid for any degree of R&D spillover and may hold for substitute goods even for sufficiently small R&D spillover. In terms of social welfare, cooperative R&D agreements dominate

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32

Gosma, Mitchell R., Caleb N. Harper, Lincoln N. Collins, Kelly A. Stephani, and Jeffrey D. Engerer. "Chemical Kinetics and Thermal Properties of Ablator Pyrolysis Products During Atmospheric Entry." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 39, no. 1 (2025): 25–37. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t6921.

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Legacy and modern-day ablation codes typically assume equilibrium pyrolysis gas chemistry. Yet, experimental data suggest that speciation from resin decomposition is far from equilibrium. A thermal and chemical kinetic study was performed on pyrolysis gas advection through a porous char, using the Theoretical Ablative Composite for Open Testing (TACOT) as a demonstrator material. The finite-element tool SIERRA/Aria simulated the ablation of TACOT under various conditions. Temperature and phenolic decomposition rates generated from Aria were applied as inputs to a simulated network of perfectly

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33

Weyand, Torben, Holger Seher, and Guido Bracke. "Geochemical benchmark tests to validate the conversion of thermodynamic data for TOUGHREACT." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-161-2021.

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Abstract. According to the ongoing site selection process for a repository for high-level radioactive waste in Germany, rock salt, clay and crystalline rock are possible host rocks. The pore water of these rocks contains saline solutions with high ionic strengths. To model the speciation and/or migration of radionuclides in long-term safety analyses for nuclear waste disposal, a geochemical code that includes thermodynamic data suitable for saline solutions is needed. Thermodynamic equilibrium in saline solutions with high ionic strengths is usually modelled using the Pitzer approach (Pitzer,

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34

Walters, Peter. "Relative pressure, relative equilibrium states, compensation functions and many-to-one codes between subshifts." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 296, no. 1 (1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-1986-0837796-8.

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Yiğit, M., and M. E. Korkmaz. "On the behavior of cross-sections of charged particle-induced reactions of 181Ta target." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 26 (2018): 1850155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318501559.

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The production of nuclear energy from fusion reaction with no CO2 emission is one of the most attractive sources for the future. The unprecedented physical and mechanical properties for structural materials are very important in the nuclear fusion reactor design. So, tantalum material is a valuable candidate for plasma-facing materials in the fusion devices. In this paper, nuclear excitation functions for the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reactions are obtained using the nuclear codes TALYS 1.8 an

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Runnells, Donald D. "American Research in the Geochemical Modeling of Groundwater." Journal Geological Society of India 29, no. 1 (1987): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1987/290105.

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Abstract The advent of digital computers has allowed the development of sophisticated geochemical models for describing and predicting the chemical behavior of complex natural waters. More than 50 such models have been developed and published in the North American literature. Much of the impetus for the development of geochemical computer models comes from the need to protect the chemical quality of groundwater, and from a search for safe methods of geologic disposal of nuclear wastes. The geochemical computer codes can be broken down into three main categories, in order of increasing complexi

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Silva, O., J. Carrera, M. Dentz, S. Kumar, A. Alcolea, and M. Willmann. "A general real-time formulation for multi-rate mass transfer problems." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 8 (2009): 1399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1399-2009.

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Abstract. Many flow and transport phenomena, ranging from delayed storage in pumping tests to tailing in river or aquifer tracer breakthrough curves or slow kinetics in reactive transport, display non-equilibrium (NE) behavior. These phenomena are usually modeled by non-local in time formulations, such as multi-porosity, multiple processes non equilibrium, continuous time random walk, memory functions, integro-differential equations, fractional derivatives or multi-rate mass transfer (MRMT), among others. We present a MRMT formulation that can be used to represent all these models of non equil

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Yang, Lu-Xing, and Xiaofan Yang. "Propagation Behavior of Virus Codes in the Situation That Infected Computers Are Connected to the Internet with Positive Probability." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/693695.

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All the known models describing the propagation of virus codes were based on the assumption that a computer is uninfected at the time it is being connected to the Internet. In reality, however, it is much likely that infected computers are connected to the Internet. This paper is intended to investigate the propagation behavior of virus programs provided infected computers are connected to the Internet with positive probability. For that purpose, a new model characterizing the spread of computer virus is proposed. Theoretical analysis of this model indicates that (1) there is a unique (viral)

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39

Huang, Yi-Min, Stuart R. Hudson, Joaquim Loizu, Yao Zhou та Amitava Bhattacharjee. "Numerical study of δ-function current sheets arising from resonant magnetic perturbations". Physics of Plasmas 29, № 3 (2022): 032513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0067898.

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General three-dimensional toroidal ideal magnetohydrodynamic equilibria with a continuum of nested flux surfaces are susceptible to forming singular current sheets when resonant perturbations are applied. The presence of singular current sheets indicates that, in the presence of non-zero resistivity, magnetic reconnection will ensue, leading to the formation of magnetic islands and potentially regions of stochastic field lines when islands overlap. Numerically resolving singular current sheets in the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) limit has been a significant challenge. This work presents nu

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40

Barale, Heddy, Camille Laguerre, Paul Sabatini, Fanny Courtin, Kévin Tirel, and Guillaume Martin. "A new tool for the simulation of different nuclear fleets at equilibrium." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 8 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2021025.

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Scenario simulations are the main tool for studying the impact of a nuclear reactor fleet on the related fuel cycle facilities. This equilibrium preliminary study aims to present the functionalities of a new tool and to show the wide variety of reactors/cycles/strategies that can be studied in steady state conditions and validated with more details thanks to dynamic code. Different types of scenario simulation tools have been developed at CEA over the years, this study focuses on dynamic and equilibrium codes. Dynamic fuel cycle simulation code models the ingoing and outgoing material flow in

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Hu, Yumeng, Haiming Huang, and Zimao Zhang. "Numerical simulation of a hypersonic flow past a blunt body." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, no. 6 (2017): 1351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-05-2016-0187.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristics of hypersonic flow past a blunt body. Design/methodology/approach The implicit finite volume schemes are derived from axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations by means of AUSM+ and LU-SGS methods, and programmed in FORTRAN. Based on the verified result that a 2D axisymmetric chemical equilibrium flow has a good agreement with the literature, the characteristics of hypersonic flow past a sphere are simulated by using four different models which involve four factors, namely, viscous, inviscid, equilibrium and calorically perfect gas

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Krepel, Jiri, and Valeria Raffuzzi. "MAPPING OF SODIUM VOID EFFECT AND DOPPLER CONSTANT IN ESFR-SMART CORE WITH MONTE CARLO CODE SERPENT AND DETERMINISTIC CODE ERANOS." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124713004.

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The Sodium Fast Reactor is one of the most technologically developed Gen-IV reactors, which can close the nuclear fuel cycle. Its criticality safety directly depends on the sodium void effect and Doppler constant. Hence the knowledge of their local distribution is important. These coefficients can be mapped by deterministic or Monte Carlo codes, where the latter provide higher modeling accuracy, but are also strongly computer demanding and subject to stochastic noise issues. In this study, the void effect and Doppler constant have been enumerated for the ESFR core by Serpent2 and ERANOS2 codes

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Ruiz Cobo, B., C. Quintero Noda, R. Gafeira, H. Uitenbroek, D. Orozco Suárez, and E. Páez Mañá. "DeSIRe: Departure coefficient aided Stokes Inversion based on Response functions." Astronomy & Astrophysics 660 (April 2022): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140877.

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Future ground-based telescopes, such as the 4-metre class facilities DKIST and EST, will dramatically improve on current capabilities for simultaneous multi-line polarimetric observations in a wide range of wavelength bands, from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared. As a result, there will be an increasing demand for fast diagnostic tools, i.e., inversion codes, that can infer the physical properties of the solar atmosphere from the vast amount of data these observatories will produce. The advent of substantially larger apertures, with the concomitant increase in polarimetric sensitivity

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Silva, O., J. Carrera, S. Kumar, M. Dentz, A. Alcolea, and M. Willmann. "A general real-time formulation for multi-rate mass transfer problems." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 2 (2009): 2415–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-2415-2009.

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Abstract. Many flow and transport phenomena, ranging from delayed storage observed in pumping tests to tailing in river or aquifer tracer breakthrough curves, display non-equilibrium behavior. Usually, they are modeled by non-local in time formulations, such as multi-porosity, multiple processes non equilibrium, continuous time random walk, memory functions, integro-differential equations, fractional derivatives or multi-rate mass transfer (MRMT), among others. We develop a MRMT algorithm that can be used to represent all these formulations. The method is accurate, computationally inexpensive

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Scholle, Markus. "Physical and Mathematical Fluid Mechanics." Water 12, no. 8 (2020): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082199.

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Fluid mechanics has emerged as a basic concept for nearly every field of technology. Despite there being a well-developed mathematical theory and available commercial software codes, the computation of solutions of the governing equations of motion is still challenging, especially due to the nonlinearity involved, and there are still open questions regarding the underlying physics of fluid flow, especially with respect to the continuum hypothesis and thermodynamic local equilibrium. The aim of this Special Issue is to reference recent advances in the field of fluid mechanics both in terms of d

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van Albada, T. S. "N-Body Simulations of Elliptical Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 127 (1987): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900185250.

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N-body simulations are a useful tool for constructing equilibrium models of elliptical galaxies and for the exploration of their kinematical properties, in particular the tumbling rate of the figure about some axis and the internal streaming. As yet little is known about these, except that there is a large variety of possible equilibrium models. It is easy to make triaxial systems that tumble about the short axis, with internal streaming aligned with the rotation axis of the figure. Attempts to construct systems with figure rotation and internal streaming in opposite directions have not been s

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Muhammad, Atta, Masood Iqbal, and Tayyab Mahmood. "Burn-up dependent steady-state thermal hydraulic analysis of Pakistan research reactor-1." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 26, no. 1 (2011): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1101045m.

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The burn-up dependent steady-state thermal hydraulic analysis of Pakistan research reactor-1, reference operating core, has been carried out utilizing standard computer codes WIMS/D4, CITATION, and RELAP5/MOD3.4. Reactor codes WIMS/D4 and CITATION have been used for the calculations of neutronic parameters including peaking factors and power profiles at different burn-up considering a xenon free core and also the equilibrium xenon values. RELAP5/MOD3.4 code was utilized for the determination of peak fuel centerline, clad and coolant temperatures to ensure the safety of the reactor throughout t

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Vichev, Ilia Yurievich. "Simulation of strongly photoionized silicon plasma." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 45 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-45.

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The work demonstrates the process of simulation a strongly photoionized silicon plasma with parameters close to astrophysical. The calculations were carried out within the model of collisional-radiative equilibrium. The obtained results were verified by comparison with the results of other participants of the codes comparison workshop. A comparative analysis of the results with the experimentally measured spectrum of soft X-ray transmission through a layer of photoionized silicon plasma is carried out.

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van der Elst, Christoph. "Corporate Governance 2.0: Assessing the Corporate Governance Green Paper of the European Commission." European Company Law 8, Issue 4 (2011): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2011030.

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Starting with a short overview of the state of the art of European corporate governance features, the authors address the major issues of the Commission's green paper on corporate governance of April 2011. They identify three pillars of corporate governance and compare practices of governance in major economies in the world to advocate that major reforms could fall short of providing the adequate equilibrium between corporate law, corporate governance codes and contracts.

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Hu, Qing Chun, Li Ming Wang, Ming Zhen Tang, and Yong Sheng Wang. "Thermal Analysis of a Hot Runner System in Injection Mold." Advanced Materials Research 346 (September 2011): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.346.564.

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The influence of the heat loss of hot runner on the stability of mold injecting process was analyzed. Determine the lost power of heating elements by establishing of hot runner system. Using ANSYS codes to calculate the temperature control equations and get the temperature distribution of hot runner plate. Make the structural arrangement of heating pipes and thermocouples better and ensure thermal equilibrium of the hot runner system by analyzing the temperature field.

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