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Journal articles on the topic 'Equilibrium concentration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nguyen, Minhtri K., Liyo Kao, and Ira Kurtz. "Calculation of the equilibrium pH in a multiple-buffered aqueous solution based on partitioning of proton buffering: a new predictive formula." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 296, no. 6 (2009): F1521—F1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90651.2008.

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Upon the addition of protons to an aqueous solution containing multiple buffers, the final H+concentration ([H+]) at equilibrium is determined by the partitioning of added H+among the various buffer components. In the analysis of acid-base chemistry, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the Stewart strong ion formulation can only describe (rather than predict) the equilibrium pH following a proton load since these formulas calculate the equilibrium pH only when the reactant concentrations at equilibrium11 The term “equilibrium” refers to the steady state proton and reactant concentrations wh

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2

Babu, Dr B. Sarath, and Priyanka Seerla Venkata. "Recovery of Propionic Acid from Aqueous Phase using Alamine 336 in 1 - Octanol by Reactive Extraction." Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.a1920.04010524.

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The by-products of carboxylic acids are useful in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, preservations, drug delivery towards a more economical energy efficient technology. Physical and chemical equilibria results are presented as equilibrium distribution, distribution co -efficient, extraction efficiency, loading ratio and volume percentage by varying concentrations. The distribution of propionic acid between aqueous phase and organic phase reaches equilibrium over a concentration range of 0.009 kmol/m3 – 0.055 kmol/m3 . The optimum TOA concentration is found to be 40% at which KD value

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3

Priyanka, Seerla Venkata. "Recovery of Propionic Acid from Aqueous Phase using Alamine 336 in 1 - Octanol by Reactive Extraction." Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering (IJPE) 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.A1920.04010524.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The by-products of carboxylic acids are useful in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, preservations, drug delivery towards a more economical energy efficient technology. Physical and chemical equilibria results are presented as equilibrium distribution, distribution co -efficient, extraction efficiency, loading ratio and volume percentage by varying concentrations. The distribution of propionic acid between aqueous phase and organic phase reaches equilibrium over a concentration range of 0.009 kmol/m3 – 0.055 kmol/m3. The optimum TOA concentration is fo

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4

Mangongo Tinda, Yves, Jean-Pierre Lueteta Mulenda, and Josaphat Di-Phanzu Ndelo. "ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN THE PRESENCE OF CONCENTRATION OF CO2 AND IMMUNE SYSTEM." Journal Africain des Sciences 1, no. 1 (2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.70237/jafrisci.2024.v1.i1.05.

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In this paper, we present a mathematical model describing the dynamics of Helicobacter pylori population in the presence of 〖CO〗_2 and the immune system. We analyze the mathematical and biological meaningful of the model. We analyze the equilibrium of the model. This analysis shows the presence of two types of equilibrium. The first one occurs in the absence of the immune response and when there is no 〖CO〗_2 in the stomach, called “disease-free equilibrium”. The second equilibriums, called “endemic equilibriums”, occur in the presence of immune response and when the concentration of 〖CO〗_2 is

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5

Cieślik, Andrzej. "Exports versus FDI in Smith-Motta framework." Equilibrium 11, no. 2 (2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2016.009.

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In this paper we study the choice between exporting and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Smith-Motta duopoly framework. First, we identify the conditions necessary for exporting and FDI, depending on the costs of exporting and the cost of foreign investment. Then, we discuss various proximity-concentration tradeoffs. Finally, we demonstrate that six possible types of equilibriums may emerge depending on various combinations of the key parameters of the model. These equilibriums include: a monopoly FDI equilibrium, a monopoly exporting equilibrium, a domestic monopoly equilibrium, a duopo

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6

Trishch, Vitaliy R., Yuriy O. Beznosyk, Denis Constales, and Gregory S. Yablonsky. "Over-Equilibrium as a Result of Conservatively-Perturbed Equilibrium (Acyclic and Cyclic Mechanisms)." Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 47, no. 1 (2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2021-0036.

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Abstract The effect of over-equilibrium, i. e., the effect at which the concentration of some substance is higher than the corresponding equilibrium value, is demonstrated for two types of ideal chemical reactors, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and plug-flow reactor (PFR), respectively, under conditions of conservatively perturbed-equilibrium (CPE). Two types of complex chemical mechanisms are analyzed, acyclic and cyclic ones. Using numerical experiments and the same residence times, it is shown that for the steady-state PFR this effect is more pronounced that for the steady-state C

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7

ULYSSES, FREEMAN, GISH T., and KIRSCHNER STANLEY. "Concentration Effects on Equilibria in Pfeiffer Effect Systems of Fast-racemising Complexes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 69, Aug 1992 (1992): 510–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6033302.

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Department of Chemistry. Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, U.S.A.<strong> </strong> <em>Manuscript received 31 May 1991</em> The equilibria in several Pfeiffer Effect systems. differing in concentrations and concentration ratios of complex to environment substance, were studied It was found that keeping the complex concentration constant while increasing the concentration of the environment substance, results in an increase in the conversion of one enantiomer of the complex to the other, which supports the proposed hydrogen-bonding mechanism for the equilibrium displacement.

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8

Vilboi, Mykhailo O., Vitaliy R. Trishch, and Gregory S. Yablonsky. "Conservatively Perturbed Equilibrium (CPE)—Phenomenon as a Tool for Intensifying the Catalytic Process: The Case of Methane Reforming Processes." Catalysts 14, no. 7 (2024): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14070395.

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The phenomenon of conservatively perturbed equilibrium (CPE) was applied to the processes of methane reforming (dry and steam reforming) and analyzed using kinetic computer simulations. This phenomenon was studied for two products, CO and H2, at different temperatures. “Unperturbed” species with inlet concentrations equal to the outlet equilibrium concentration experienced unavoidable passing through the temporary extremum (the CPE point), in this case, the maximum. Application of the CPE phenomenon to the complex catalytic methane reforming processes demonstrate two improvements: 1. Achieving

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9

Yamada, Ryohei, Yuki Tamakuma, Takahito Suzuki, et al. "A Preliminary Study of Radon Equilibrium Factor at a Tourist Cave in Okinawa, Japan." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (2021): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121648.

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The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued its Publication 137, Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3 in which the radon equilibrium factor is fixed as 0.4 for tourist caves; however, several studies have reported a different value for the factor and its seasonal variation has also been observed. In this study, the radon concentration, equilibrium equivalent radon concentration and meteorological data were measured, and the equilibrium factor was evaluated in a tourist cave, Gyokusen-do Cave located in the southern part of Okinawa Island in southwestern Japan

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10

Feenstra, Robert C., Gary G. Hamilton, and Eun Mie Lim. "Chaebol and Catastrophe: A New View of the Korean Business Groups and Their Role in the Financial Crisis." Asian Economic Papers 1, no. 2 (2002): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15353510260187373.

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We present a model of industrial organization that has multiple stable equilibria and argue that the high-concentration equilibrium describes Korea's economy and the low-concentration equilibrium describes Taiwan's economy. Past industrial policy of the state may have put Korea's economy in the high-concentration equilibrium, but discontinuation of the policy did not cause the industrial organization to change because this is an economically viable equilibrium. The high-concentration equilibrium produces a narrower range of final goods than the low-concentration equilibrium, which explains why

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11

Sun, Zhi-lin, Zhi-feng Sun, and John Donahue. "Equilibrium bed-concentration of nonuniform sediment." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 4, no. 2 (2003): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2003.0186.

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12

TAKEUCHI, Noriko, and Hideki NISHIDA. "Equilibrium Concentration in Aqueous Cleaning Solution." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 46, no. 8 (1995): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.46.745.

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13

Shmulovich, K. I., and C. Graham. "Plagioclase-aqueous solution equilibrium: Concentration dependence." Petrology 16, no. 2 (2008): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869591108020045.

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14

Peppin, Stephen S. L., and Janet A. W. Elliott. "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of concentration polarization." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 92, no. 1-3 (2001): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8686(00)00029-4.

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15

Aithal, S. M. "Charged Species Concentration in Combusting Mixtures Using Equilibrium Chemistry." Journal of Combustion 2018 (October 4, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9047698.

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Ionization in flames is of interest in the design and development of modern combustion devices. The identity and concentration of various charged species in reacting mixtures can play an important role in the diagnostics and control of such devices. Simplified chemistry computations that provide good estimates of ionic species in complex flow-fields can be used to model turbulent reacting flows in various combustion devices, greatly reducing the required computational resources for design and development studies. A critical assessment of the use of the equilibrium chemistry method to compute c

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16

Peng, Xiaotian, Donghao Fan, Doudou Qiu, Shiyu Feng, Hao Peng, and Wentao Bai. "Study on RP-3 Aviation Fuel Vapor Concentration." Aerospace 10, no. 6 (2023): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060497.

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Fuel vapor concentration is a key parameter for assessing the flammability of aircraft fuel tanks. However, the current research on RP-3 (Rocket Propellant-3) fuel vapor concentration is inadequate. This study categorizes fuel components by the number of carbon atoms and utilizes Raoult’s law to estimate the gas–liquid equilibrium relationship of each constituent element under equilibrium conditions. The equilibrium-state model is experimentally validated, and the differences in the constituents and fuel vapor concentrations of RP-3 and Jet-A (Jet Fuel-A) fuels are analyzed. In addition, an em

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17

Yang, F., H. Xue, Z. Deng, C. Zhao, and Q. Zhang. "A closure study of cloud condensation nuclei in the North China Plain using droplet kinetic condensational growth model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 10 (2011): 28969–9002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-28969-2011.

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Abstract. Aerosol size distribution and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration were measured in the North China Plain from 31 December 2009 to 20 January 2010. CCN closure study was performed using these data and droplet kinetic condensational growth model. The calculated CCN concentration with the assumption of pure ammonium sulfate aerosol is 40–140% higher than that observed for the supersaturations in this study. Sensitivity test on aerosol solubility and mixing state indicates that 60–70% mass fraction of ammonium sulfate externally mixed with insoluble material can lead to

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18

Yang, F., H. Xue, Z. Deng, C. Zhao, and Q. Zhang. "A closure study of cloud condensation nuclei in the North China Plain using droplet kinetic condensational growth model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 12 (2012): 5399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5399-2012.

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Abstract. Aerosol size distribution and cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) number concentration were measured in the North China Plain from 31 December 2009 to 20 January 2010. The CCN closure study was performed using these data and droplet kinetic condensational growth model. The calculated CCN concentration with the assumption of pure ammonium sulfate aerosol is 40–140% higher than that observed for the supersaturations in this study. A sensitivity test on aerosol solubility and mixing state indicates that 0.2–0.5 mass fraction of ammonium sulfate for internal mixture can lead to a ratio of 0

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19

Utoyo, Mohammad Imam, Windarto, and Aminatus Sa’adah. "Analysis of Fractional Order Mathematical Model of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene-Based Therapy." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6180892.

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Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) has been discussed as a basis for gene-based therapy aiming to cure immune system infections, such as HIV. This therapy protects target cells from infections or specifying technic and immune responses to face virus by using genetically modified HSCs. A mathematical model approach could be used to predict the dynamics of HSC gene-based therapy of viral infections. In this paper, we present a fractional mathematical model of HSC gene-based therapy with the fractional order derivative α∈0,1. We determine the stability of fractional model equilibriums. Based on the mo

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20

Mészáros, R., M. Nagy, and G. Veress. "Study of Adsorption from Dilute Aqueous Solutions on to Activated Carbon. Part 2. Some Exotic Adsorption Isotherms." Adsorption Science & Technology 13, no. 5 (1996): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749601300504.

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Adsorption isotherms for the adsorption of 1-propanol and 2-propanol from dilute aqueous solution on to two types of activated carbon were presented at fixed different initial concentrations. The confidence limits for the specific excess relative to these fixed initial concentrations were also given. The high precision calculation of these error terms was based on the model description of the equilibrium concentration versus sorbent concentration curves discussed previously. The Dubinin–Radushkevich representation of the adsorption data was presented and tested for the same adsorption data. It

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21

Rudobashta, S. P., G. A. Zueva, and V. I. Kuteinikov. "Phase Concentration Equilibrium of Seeds the Sunflower." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 91, no. 6 (2021): 1224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363221060372.

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22

Cao, Zhixian. "Equilibrium Near-Bed Concentration of Suspended Sediment." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125, no. 12 (1999): 1270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1999)125:12(1270).

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23

Zhang, Xuesong, Ke Xu, Ying Zhang, Yu-Hao Li, Shuo Jin, and Guang-Hong Lu. "Equilibrium concentration of hydrogen at tungsten surface." Journal of Nuclear Materials 541 (December 2020): 152377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152377.

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24

Lysova, S. S., T. A. Starikova, and Yu E. Zevatskii. "Limit of concentration constant of protolytic equilibrium." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 84, no. 8 (2014): 1634–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363214080325.

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25

Gorban, Alexander N., Denis Constales, and Gregory S. Yablonsky. "Transient concentration extremum and conservatively perturbed equilibrium." Chemical Engineering Science 231 (February 2021): 116295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.116295.

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26

Johnson, William C., and P. W. Voorhees. "Equilibrium solute concentration surrounding elastically interacting precipitates." Metallurgical Transactions A 16, no. 3 (1985): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02814332.

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27

Burkanov, A. E. "CLINICAL AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EQUILIBRIUM CONCENTRATION." Science. Education. Engineering, no. 1 (2023): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54834/16945220_2023_1_60.

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28

Crugeiras, Juan, and Howard Maskill. "The 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl carbenium ion by ionization of 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl alcohol in acetonitrile - aqueous perchloric and nitric acids containing electrolytes: kinetics, equilibria, and ion-pair formation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 5-6 (1999): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-003.

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We have studied the equilibration shown in eq. [3] of 4,4prime-dimethoxytrityl alcohol in aqueous perchloric and nitric acids containing low proportions of acetonitrile using stopped-flow kinetics techniques. The rate constants for the overall progress to equilibrium, kobs, have been resolved into forward and reverse components using the equilibrium UV absorbance and a value for the molar absorptivity of the 4,4prime-dimethoxytrityl carbenium ion determined in concentrated aqueous perchloric acid. The forward reaction (rate constant kf) is first order in both the alcohol and the acid concentra

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29

Ilyasova, X. N. "THE STUDY OF ION-EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIUM OF HEAVY METAL IONS Cо2+ AND Cd2+ ON THE NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SORBENTS". Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, № 4 (8 грудня 2022): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2022-4-122-127.

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These article summaries the results of studying the sorption equilibrium of ions close to their concentration in the liquid industrial waste. For experimental research, solutions with concentration of Со2+ and Cd2+ ions in the range of 1·10-3–1·10-4 N have been used. These concentrations match to ion con¬cen¬tration in industrial liquid waste with the ions mentioned. In the experiments, the Na+- modified forms of natural sorbents based on clinoptilolite from the Aydag deposit and on bentonite from the Dash-Salakhli (Azerbaijan) deposit were used. For comparison, among industrial sorbents, we u

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30

Abdank-Kozubski, Rafal, Andrzej Biborski, Mirosław Kozłowski, et al. "Atomic-Migration-Controlled Processes in Intermetallics." Defect and Diffusion Forum 277 (April 2008): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.277.113.

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Chemical ordering kinetics in L10- and B2-ordered AB binary intermetallics was simulated by means of Monte Carlo (MC) technique implemented with vacancy mechanism of atomic migration. While vacancy concentration is usually much lower than the antisite defect concentration in L10-ordered systems, triple defects are generated in particular B2–ordered systems. The latter definitely affects the chemical ordering process and requires that full thermal vacancy thermodynamics is involved in B2-ordering simulations. The study on L10-ordered binaries was dedicated to FePt thin layers considered as a ma

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31

Tiwari, Bhupendra, S. Kishore, Ninoslav Marina, and Stefano Bellucci. "Fluctuation Theory in Chemical Kinetics." Condensed Matter 3, no. 4 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat3040049.

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In this research, we study the stability properties of chemical reactions of arbitrary orders. In a given chemical experiment, we focus on the formation of a chemical equilibrium by optimizing the reaction rate. Under infinitesimal simultaneous variations of the concentrations of reacting species, the binary component equilibrium is achieved when either one of the orders or concentrations of reactants vanishes. The chemical concentration capacities of the components are calculated to describe the local stability of the equilibrium. The correlation between the components is obtained as the mixe

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32

Cliff, William H. "Chemistry misconceptions associated with understanding calcium and phosphate homeostasis." Advances in Physiology Education 33, no. 4 (2009): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00073.2009.

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Successful learning of many aspects in physiology depends on a meaningful understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts. Two conceptual diagnostic questions measured student understanding of the chemical equilibrium underlying calcium and phosphate homeostasis. One question assessed the ability to predict the change in phosphate concentration when calcium ions were added to a saturated calcium phosphate solution. Fifty-two percent of the students correctly predicted that the phosphate concentration would decrease in accord with the common ion effect. Forty-two percent of the students predict

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Wernicke, Theo, Sebastian Abel, Beate I. Escher, Jan Koschorreck, Heinz Rüdel, and Annika Jahnke. "Equilibrium sampling of suspended particulate matter as a universal proxy for fish and mussel monitoring." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 232 (February 8, 2022): 113285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113285.

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Bioaccumulation of persistent and hydrophobic organic compounds in the aquatic environment puts secondary consumers, such as fish, at risk. To assess their exposure, monitoring programs with high numbers of individuals have been conducted worldwide over decades that require major efforts and raise ethical issues. This study aimed at testing suspended particulate matter (SPM) as an alternative and accessible abiotic matrix to estimate the internal exposure concentrations of such chemicals in fish and mussels. Muscle tissues of bream (Abramis brama), tissues of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorph

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Liu, Binlong, Michael Finkel, and Peter Grathwohl. "Mass Transfer Principles in Column Percolation Tests: Initial Conditions and Tailing in Heterogeneous Materials." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164708.

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Initial conditions (pre-equilibrium or after the first flooding of the column), mass transfer mechanisms and sample composition (heterogeneity) have a strong impact on leaching of less and strongly sorbing compounds in column percolation tests. Mechanistic models as used in this study provide the necessary insight to understand the complexity of column leaching tests especially when heterogeneous samples are concerned. By means of numerical experiments, we illustrate the initial concentration distribution inside the column after the first flooding and how this impacts leaching concentrations.

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35

Proidak, A., M. Hasyk, Yu Proidak, and O. Bezshkurenko. "Modeling of temperature-concentration ranges of phase stability and liquidus surface in the ternary Fe–P–C system and phase composition experimental study." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 6 (December 2023): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-151-6-167-176.

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This paper reports thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria in the iron-phosphorus-carbon system for developing a technology for smelting ferrophosphorus as well as for utilizing them in the processes of phosphorus-alloying of metals. According to the results of thermodynamic calculations, we plotted a ternary Fe–P–C phase equilibrium diagram (liquidus surface) in the form of graphical dependences, which indicate the concentration fields of phase coexistence. The results of simulation allowed finding out five nonvariant points, three of which are new: E1 eutectic (teutectic=12170С), U1 pe

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Segstro, Edward Paul, Kerry Davie, Xiaoling Huang, and Alexander Frank Janzen. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 5 (1998): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-072.

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The equilibrium in the Ph2P(O)OC6H4OH-base system may be shifted by varying the base concentration, where base = imidazole, triethylamine, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, and 1,4-dioxane. This equilibrium was studied by 31P and 1H NMR, and information about the symmetry of phosphorus-containing intermediates is provided by the 1H NMR spectrum of the catecholyl ring, with its ABCD spin system. The equilibrium is also affected by trifluoroacetic acid. A mechanism is proposed that involves protonation-deprotonation, cyclic-acyclic equilibria, and selective P-O bond cleavage, with all steps occurrin

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Huang, Sui Liang. "Adsorption of Cadmium Ions onto the Yellow River Sediment." Water Quality Research Journal 38, no. 2 (2003): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.026.

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Abstract Adsorption of cadmium ions onto Yellow River sediment was studied in a batch reactor. Equilibrium adsorption of cadmium ions onto Yellow River sediment can be well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. In view of common experimental conditions in the batch reactor, a set of equations for describing variations of both the dissolved heavy metal pollutant concentration and the particulate heavy metal pollutant concentrations (the adsorption content of heavy metal pollutant on unit weight of sediment) with time was formulated with the use of an adsorptive reaction kinetic equatio

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38

Shen, Yao, Xiangang Li, Xianzhao Zheng, et al. "The effect of moisture of cotton fabrics on steam sterilization." Thermal Science 25, no. 3 Part B (2021): 2063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191212089s.

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This paper is to study the effect of cotton fabric?s moisture on steam sterilization process. An experiment is designed to measure the thermal equilibrium time under different moisture concentrations. The results show that a higher moisture concentration leads to a longer thermal equilibrium time, and it does not affect the wet pack?s penetration efficiency when the moisture concentration is below the threshold value of 30%. The paper concludes that a higher humidity is unfavorable for the thermal conduction during the sterilization process.

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Setter, TL, I. Waters, I. Wallace, P. Bhekasut, and H. Greenway. "Submergence of Rice. I. Growth and Photosynthetic Response to CO2 Enrichment of Floodwater." Functional Plant Biology 16, no. 3 (1989): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9890251.

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Growth and photosynthetic response of lowland rice following complete submergence is related to the concentration of CO2 dissolved in floodwater. Submergence of plants in stagnant solution at low CO2 concentration or solution gassed with air at 0.03 kPa CO2 (equilibrium of 0.01 mol m-3 dissolved CO2) decreased carbohydrates, and little or no growth occurred. Plants submerged in solutions gassed with 3-20 kPa CO2 in air (equilibrium of 0.9-6 mol m-3 CO2) showed at most small decreases in carbohydrates, and growth was up to 100% of the non-submerged plants. At pH 7.5, there was little net photos

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40

Griffiths, J., J. Nutter, A. Binley, N. Crook, A. Young, and J. Pates. "Variability of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in the Pang and Lambourn Chalk rivers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (2007): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-328-2007.

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Abstract. This paper presents the results of a two-year field campaign to determine the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater interaction with surface waters in two Cretaceous Chalk catchments (the Pang and Lambourn) in the Upper Thames in Berkshire, UK, based on measurement of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). Average stream water concentrations of dissolved CO2 were up to 35 times the concentration at atmospheric equilibrium. Mean groundwater concentrations of 85 and 70 times the atmospheric equilibrium were determined from borehole water sampled in the Pang and Lambourn respectively

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Zhang, Sheng, Ming Bao, Mieko Arisawa, and Masahiko Yamaguchi. "Stable and Unstable Concentration Oscillations Induced by Temperature Oscillations on Reversible Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions of Helicene Oligomers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (2022): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010693.

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Temperature oscillations can affect behaviors of living things. In this article, we describe the effect of triangle temperature oscillations on reversible nonequilibrium chemical reactions detected as concentration oscillations. When amplification through self-catalytic reactions is involved in the chemical reactions, concentration oscillations exhibit diverse nonequilibrium phenomena, which include equilibrium intersecting, equilibrium noncontact, and equilibrium sliding. Both stable and unstable concentration oscillations occur, during which repeated cycles provide the same and different con

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Sunarsih, Moch Fandi Ansori, Siti Khabibah, and Dwi Purwantoro Sasongko. "Continuous and Discrete Dynamical Models of Total Nitrogen Transformation in a Constructed Wetland: Sensitivity and Bifurcation Analysis." Symmetry 14, no. 9 (2022): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14091924.

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In this research, we study a dynamical system of total nitrogen transformation in a mangrove-filled constructed wetland. The system’s variables are the mangrove biomass concentration and total nitrogen concentration in wastewater and in soil solution. We investigate the system’s dynamics by examining the local stability of the equilibriums, simulating the phase portrait and solutions and providing time-dependent parameter sensitivity analyses. The analysis shows that the level of garbage acts as the parameter for when mangrove biomass will disappear. Both the graphs of the system solutions and

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M. A., Kaznacheev. "Questions of mathematical modelling in the study of acid retardation on ion–exchange resins." Seriya 3: Fizika, Astronomiya, no. 3_2023 (June 16, 2023): 2330102–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9392.78.2330102.

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In this paper, the chemical equilibrium of a multicomponent solution is considered in detail as part of a dynamic model of the acid retardation method. A detailed study of the chemical equilibrium, represented as a system of nonlinear equations, is a key step for building an effective dynamic model in the case of a multicomponent solution. This paper presents an algorithm for efficient calculation of chemical equilibrium using extractive phosphoric acid as an example. This algorithm can be used in a dynamic model to calculate chemical equilibrium at each point of the spatial grid and at each i

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Soldatos, Gerasimos. "A discussion of joint bank and industry concentration." Business and Economic Horizons 14, no. 2 (2018): 207–16. https://doi.org/10.15208/beh.2018.16.

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This article examines bank and industry concentration jointly within the static framework of Cournot competition. The general equilibrium is one in which banks form a multiplant monopoly and firm profit is zero. This is an unstable equilibrium because: (A) Firms have an incentive to (i) collude to “fight banks back” in the context of bilateral monopoly bargaining, and/or (ii) modernize their business towards financial independence; (B) Banks’ best response is (i) innovation too, combined with (ii) disciplinary credit rationing.  

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Rincón, Alejandro, Julieta Villa, Fabiola Angulo, and Gerard Olivar. "A Dynamic Analysis for an Anaerobic Digester: Stability and Bifurcation Branches." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/514797.

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This work presents a dynamic analysis for an anaerobic digester, supported on the analytical application of the indirect Lyapunov method. The mass-balance model considered is based on two biological reaction pathways and involves both Monod and Haldane representations of the specific biomass growth rates. The dilution rate, the influent concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the influent concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) are considered as stability parameters. Several characteristics are determined analytically for the normal operation equilibrium point: (i) equilibrium c

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Čársky, Milan, Václav Veselý, and Jaroslav Pata. "Particles segregation in fluidized bed binary systems." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 8 (1986): 1618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19861618.

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Binary systems have been divided into six groups according to their minimum fluidization velocities, densities, and size of particles. A concentration profile of fluidized bed has been studied. Experimental results have indicated that interval (45 - 90 sec.) is necessary for concentration profile generation. The profile appears to be uninfluenced by original arrangement of system components, the composition of bulk and grid region being in mutual equilibrium. Superficial velocity strongly affects system equilibrium, especially at higher jetsam concentrations. The best segregation of the system

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Libnau, Fred O., Alfred A. Christy, and Olav M. Kvalheim. "Determination of the Equilibrium Constant and Resolution of the HOD Spectrum by Alternating Least-Squares and Infrared Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 10 (1995): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965614.

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The equilibrium between H2O, D2O, and HOD in the liquid phase has been analyzed for different concentrations of the reactants by using the attenuated total internal reflectance (ATR) technique. The infrared spectroscopic profiles of the equilibrium mixtures were broken down into the contributing components by the alternating least-squares (ALS) curve resolution technique. Furthermore, the concentration profiles of H2O, D2O, and HOD were determined together with the equilibrium constant. Band assignment of the resolved HOD spectrum was further carried out. The equilibrium constant determined in

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Widhiyanti, Tuszie, Sisca Dwi Luviani, Wiji Wiji, and Sri Mulyani. "Revealing Preservice Teachers’ Conceptions, Troublesome Knowledge and Threshold Concept of Chemical Equilibrium through Predict Observe Explain Mental Model Diagnostic Test (POE-MMDT)." Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education 37, no. 2 (2022): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/apjee2022.37.2.3.

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The purpose of this study is to reveal preservice teacher’ conception of chemical equilibrium concepts which then were further analysed to identify the troublesome knowledge and threshold concept of chemical equilibrium. The participants of this study were 68 preservice chemistry teachers from one of the Teacher Education Institutions in Bandung, Indonesia. Using the descriptive-qualitative design, this research uses a predict-observe-explain mental model diagnostic test consisting of four main questions related to the phenomenon equilibrium process of the decomposition of N2O4 to become NO2.

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Lv, Li Qiang, and Lin Ji. "Oscillatory Calcium Concentration Designed through pH Dependent Equilibrium." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.188.

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On the basis of pH dependent CaNa2EDTA complex formation equilibrium, spontaneous periodical oscillation of calcium concentration is realized through the coupling of the equilibrium with the Iodate-Sulfite-Ferrocyanide (ISF) reaction system in continuous stirred tank reactor. The effect of temperature, flow rate and acid concentration on ISF is investigated to seek better oscillation performance. The influences of CaNa2EDTA concentration and external illumination on the Ca2+ oscillation are also discussed.

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Duda, Andrzej, and Stanislaw Penczek. "Thermodynamics of L-lactide polymerization. Equilibrium monomer concentration." Macromolecules 23, no. 6 (1990): 1636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00208a012.

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