Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equilibrium Isotherm

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Academic literature on the topic 'Equilibrium Isotherm'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Equilibrium Isotherm"

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Vitázek, I., and J. Havelka. "Sorption isotherms of agricultural products." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, Special Issue (December 30, 2014): S52—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/35/2013-rae.

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The aim of the paper is to expand the theory of sorption and equilibrium moisture contents as well as to present the methodology of developing two types of sorption isotherms – I and II. The attention is also paid to the importance of the isotherms in the thermodynamics of drying and in the process of storage of agricultural products. Presented methodology of obtaining the isotherms is based on selected equations of the theory of adsorption and on the results of experimental measurements of equilibrium moisture content. Definition of the new isotherm II is introduced as dependence of equilibrium moisture content dry basis on time at constant temperature, constant relative moisture of the ambient air and stable biological properties (e.g. germination). The results show following graphic dependences: isothermal distort plane; sorption isotherm I of maize grains at various temperatures; moisture loss rate in dependence on time and sorption isotherm II. These theoretical dependences supported by experimental measurements broaden the scope of the theory of sorption and may be successfully applied in long-term storage of maize grains.
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Pode, Rodica, Eveline Popovici, Laura Cocheci, Erika Reisz, Mihaela Seftel, and Vasile Pode. "Sorption of phosphates and thiocyanates on isomorphic substituted Mg/Zn-Al-type hydrotalcites." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 8-9 (2008): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0809835p.

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The sorption equilibriums of phosphate and thiocyanate anions on isomorphic substituted Mg/Zn-Al-type hydrotalcites were investigated in this study. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to interpret the equilibrium data for phosphate. The sorption equilibriums of phosphate on Mg3Al, Mg2ZnAl and Mg1.5Zn1.5Al hydrotalcites were well described by the Langmuir isotherm. The highest maximum sorption capacities for these adsorbents were as follows: 111, 101 and 95 mg g-1. The equilibrium constant and standard Gibbs energy changes were also calculated from the sorption data. Standard Gibbs energy changes of about -20 kJ mol-1 indicated that the process might be considered as physical adsorption. The sorption equilibriums of phosphate on isomorphic substituted samples of MgZn2Al and Zn3Al were well described by the Freundlich isotherm. Thiocyanate showed a relative low affinity for the studied materials, as indicated by both the 'S'-shaped isotherms and low sorption capacities. The sorption of phosphate and thiocyanate on the investigated hydrotalcites showed a continuous decrease of the sorption capacity in the following order: Mg3Al > Mg2ZnAl > Mg1.5Zn1.5Al > MgZn2Al > Zn3Al.
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Agarwal, Ajay K., Mahendra S. Kadu, Chandrashekhar P. Pandhurnekar, and Ishwardas L. Muthreja. "Equilibrium isotherm studies for the sorption of Nickel ions onto coal fly ash." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2014): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.151220.

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The objective of the present study was to study equilibrium isotherm for the sorption of Nickel ions onto coal fly ash. In this study, BET adsorption isotherm was found to be best fitted among Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Temkin and Harkins Jura adsorption isotherms using lest square fit method. The best fit adsorption isotherm is assessed by the linear coefficient of determination (R2) and non-linear Chi-square test. The theoretical value of qe calculated from the best fit linear equation of each adsorption isotherm and the experimental values of qe (0.08) are plotted against Ce, to compare the experimental and Theoretical value of qe.
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Tewari, Hemlata, and Vivekanand. "Removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent using Pinus roxburghii leaves as biosorbent: equilibrium modelling." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 9 (May 1, 2013): 1894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.034.

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In the present study, biosorption capability of pine (Pinus roxburghii) leaves for the removal Cr6+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions, present in brass and electroplating industry effluent, were investigated with respect to different adsorbent doses, contact time and pH. Heavy metals concentrations were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Initial concentration of Cr6+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions in the effluent were found to be 2.741, 4.551, 8.820 and 5.529 mg/L respectively. Biosorption studies revealed that Cr6+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ showed maximum removal of 99.85, 94.54, 97.10 and 89% at pH 4, 4, 4 and 8, respectively, with 4 g pine leaves when shaken at 150 rpm for 60 min. The applicability of the three equilibrium isotherm models was investigated and the data obtained fitted the three investigated isothermal models in the order: Langmuir > Temkin > Freundlich for all the studied metal ions. The adsorption isotherm coefficients, Qmax, b, Kf, n, at, bt were also calculated. Very high regression correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.9) were found for Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+; Cr6+ (Temkin isotherm) when pH (2–8) was varied; Cr6+, Cu2+,Fe2+ and Zn2+ when contact time (15–60 min) was varied; Cu2+ (Langmuir isotherm) Fe2+ (Freundlich and Temkin isotherms) when adsorbent was varied from 2 to 5 g. Results also revealed that among all the studied ions Cr6+ at varied pH and Fe2+ at different adsorbent doses satisfy the Temkin and Freundlich isotherm models to describe the biosorption equilibrium by pine (Pinus roxburghii) adsorbent.
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Önen, V., and E. Yel. "Adsorption of ferrocyanide onto raw and acid-activated clinoptilolite and sepiolite: equilibrium modelling by error minimization." Clay Minerals 48, no. 4 (September 2013): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2013.048.4.15.

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AbstractThe experimental data on adsorption of Fe and CN of a ferrocyanide complex onto raw and acid-activated clinoptilolite/sepiolite on the basis of detention time and particle size was modelled by a linear and a non-linear approach. The linearized best-fit isotherm selection method and non-linear error minimization was applied through Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. ERRSQ, MPSD, HYBRID and ARE error functions were minimized by a developed MATLAB script to determine the isotherm parameters in non-linear optimization. The complex was not adsorbed as whole anions but the Fe and CN were adsorbed separately. 0.65 mg Fe/L. min and 4.84 mg CN/L. min initial adsorption rates were achieved with acid activated clinoptilolite. The Fe adsorption was not as successful as CN. The adsorption of Fe and CN was described by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms respectively. The differences between the predicted isotherm parameter sets of linear models and minimized error function models indicated that both the best-fit isotherm selection and the isotherm constant determinations can be performed properly by error minimization as well as by conventional linear best fit modelling approach.
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Brdar, Mirjana, Aleksandar Takaci, Marina Sciban, and Dusan Rakic. "Isotherms for the adsorption of Cu(II) onto lignin: Comparison of linear and non-linear methods." Chemical Industry 66, no. 4 (2012): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind111114003b.

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Equilibrium studies were carried out for the adsorption of Cu(II) onto Kraft lignin as an adsorbent. The experimental data were fitted to the Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms by linear and non-linear method. Comparison of linear and non-linear regression method was given in selecting the optimum isotherm for the experimental data. The coefficient of correlation r2 and Chi-square test ?2 was used to select the best linear theoretical isotherm. The best linear model is Redlich-Peterson isotherm model, where r2=0,985 and ?2=0,02. In order to predict the error ERRSQ, HYBRD, MPSD, ARE and EABS were used. Moreover, by minimizing these error functions the optimal values of parameters and also the optimum isotherm was found. The Redlich-Peterson isotherm was found to be the best representative for adsorption of Cu(II) on the adsorbent in the cases when ERRSQ, HYBRD, MPSD functions were used. There coefficients of determination are 0.986, 0.985, 0.984, respectively and Chi-square is 0.02 in all cases. Freundlich isotherms which were obtained by minimization of the ERRSQ, HYBRD, MPSD, ARE and EABS function showed very good agreement with experimental data. In all cases the coefficients of determination are greater than 0.91. Besides, it was observed that non-linear isotherm models were better for representation of equilibrium data than linearized models.
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Owabor, C. N., I. O. Oboh, and F. A. Omiojieahior. "Adsorption Isotherms for Naphthalene on Clay and Silt Soil Fractions: A Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Methods." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.359.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons occur naturally in petroleum oil and coal and the burning of fuel and the activities of paper mills also release these compounds to the environment. Batch experimental adsorption study for both soil fractions was conducted in a soil slurry system at ambient temperature, using <0.02mm particle sizes. Comparison was made of the linear least-squares method and a trial-and-error nonlinear method of some widely used isotherm models for the adsorption of naphthalene on clay and silt fractions. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Radke-Prausnitz, Sips, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherms to obtain their characteristic parameters of each model. The coefficient of determination obtained from the different models using the linear method showed that Freundlich isotherm had the highest values for both clay and silt soil fractions with values of 0.843 and 0.897 respectively. The equilibrium data did not fit the Langmuir isotherm with values of 0.287 and 0.021 for clay and silt soil respectively. Using the nonlinear method the equilibrium data gave good fit for Radke-Prausnitz, Sips, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Sips isotherm gave the best fit for silt soil with the r2value of 0.9779 and this was followed by Temkin isotherm for clay soil with the value of 0.9673.
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Luampon, Ratinun, and Suparerk Charmongkolpradit. "Temperature and relative humidity effect on equilibrium moisture content of cassava pulp." Research in Agricultural Engineering 65, No. 1 (April 12, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/112/2017-rae.

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The purpose of this research was to study the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the equilibrium moisture content of cassava pulp. In experiments, cassava pulp was tested with a static method that controlled the temperature at 30, 50 and 70°C and controlled relative humidity in a range 10–90% with standard saturated salt solutions as LiCl, MgCl2, NaBr, NaCl and KNO3. Five equations of equilibrium moisture isotherm were analysed to predict the equilibrium moisture content, which was a guideline to develop a new isotherm equation. The experimental results showed that the equilibrium moisture content was increased with increased relative humidity whereas it decreased with increased drying temperature. Therefore, the drying process and storage method of cassava pulp must control temperature and relative humidity of no more than 50°C and 60%, respectively. The analysis of isotherm equations revealed that the new isotherm equation has high accuracy to predict the equilibrium moisture content of cassava pulp and higher R2 correlation with the experimental data than five isotherm equations.
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Chen, Chiachung. "Evaluation of Equilibrium Sorption Isotherm Equations." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (December 13, 2013): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123101307010024.

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The sorption isotherm is important information for evaluating the ability of an adsorption system to treat the industrial waste water. In this study, eleven datasets from literatures were selected and three two-parameter and three-parameter equations were used to evaluate adsorption systems. Quantitative criteria included six error functions, and the quantitative criterion was residual plots. Isotherm constants differed by linearization and nonlinear regression analysis, especially for the three-parameter equations. The results indicated the inconsistent results of the error functions for select-ing the adequate equations. Residual plots were useful to observe the fitting ability of isotherm equations. Temperature has a significant effect on isotherm constants.
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Ding, Wei, Shuqin Bai, Haorong Mu, and Gaowa Naren. "Investigation of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by both coal gangues." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 4 (April 25, 2017): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.241.

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Equilibrium studies were carried out for the adsorption of phosphate onto newly discharged coal gangue and spontaneous combustion coal gangue, which are industrial solid residues. The experimental data were fitted to the two-parameter equations of Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich and the three-parameter equations of the Redlich-Peterson, Sips and Toth isotherms by non-linear method. All three-parameter isotherm equations have a higher correlation coefficient than the two-parameter isotherm equations. For new discharged coal gangue, the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity is over 2.504 mg/g (as P), and the best two-parameter isotherm is Freundlich, which indicated multilayer adsorption takes place on the surface. For spontaneous combustion coal gangue, the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity is 7.079 mg/g (as P), two times larger than new discharged coal gangue, and the best two-parameter isotherm is Langmuir, suggesting that the adsorption process occurs on a homogenous surface by monolayer adsorption. The three-parameter isotherm model of Redlich-Peterson shows the best fitting in both cases, but parameter g is 0.6138 in new discharged coal gangue (the parameter g is nearly 1, which means that the equilibrium isotherm behaves as the Langmuir, not as the Freundlich isotherm), g approaches to unity in spontaneous combustion coal gangue, suggesting that the two kinds of coal gangues have different adsorption properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equilibrium Isotherm"

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Benavente, Martha. "Adsorption of Metallic Ions onto Chitosan : Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Kemiteknik, Chemical and Engineering and Technology, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4746.

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Ceteroni, Ilaria. "High-pressure adsorption differential volumetric apparatus (HP-ADVA) for accurate equilibrium measurements." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22274/.

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The volumetric system is a commonly used experimental method for gas adsorption measurements. Starting from the conventional volumetric system (single-branched), the development of differential (double-branched) apparatus has been proposed to overcome some criticalities connected to the original design. The following study is focused on the assessment of the high-pressure differential volumetric apparatus (HP-ADVA) built at the University of Edinburgh in order to discover and characterise system peculiarities at different experimental conditions, in terms of temperature and pressure. To do this, an integrated approach is proposed: an initial experimental campaign has been performed to take confidentiality with the apparatus, then, the experimental results were the starting point for the development of a sensitivity and error analysis aimed at describing the effect of each operating parameter into the final result. In this regard, a different analytical approach, compared to the ones commonly proposed in literature, has been proposed to closely reproduce the real system. Beyond having obtained promising results, some criticalities, matching what originally hypothesized from the experimental campaign, have been noted: valve volume effect and temperature control and measurements have been discovered being crucial aspects, and, supposedly, source of errors leading to explain the unexpected results obtained by the experimental campaign. Moreover, the importance of symmetry maintenance among the branches has been repeatedly confirmed in the analysis. Some recommendations aimed at improving the system set-up have been moved regarding the installation of a temperature control system and more accurate temperature measurement devices. Additionally, an accurate assessment and characterisation of pneumatically-actuated valves, as well as of the differential pressure transducer used for pressure measurement, before the installation, could be useful to reduce inaccuracies.
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Hendra, Adhi Pratama. "Comparison of Cs Adsorption Characteristics of Soils in Japan and Indonesia." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242915.

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Bakyayita, Kizito Grace. "Equilibrium and Kinetic Batch Studies of Cadmium and Lead sorption using Low Cost Biosorbents." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145004.

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Agricultural wastes; Albizia coriaria, Coffea canephora, Cyperus papyrus, Erythrina abyssinica and Musa spp were evaluated for uptake of aqueous Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions in single- and binary-component solutions. Untreated, base-treated and peroxide-treated biomasses were employed in batch studies. The optimal conditions for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption were  pH 3.5 – 5 for contact time 3.0 – 3.5 hours and biosorbent dosage 10 – 12.5 g/L. Base-treated biosorbents showed a 10 – 17 %  sorption enhancement for Cd2+ ions and a 1.6 – 2.3 % uptake reduction for Pb2+ ions. The sorption capacities for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions for base-treated biosorbents were between 1.738 and 1.760 mg g-1 compared to 1.415 – 1.539 mg g-1 for untreated materials. The maximum biosorption of peroxide treated materials in single component media was between 0.819 and 1.595 mg/g for Pb2+ ions and between 0.044 and 1.343 mg/g for Cd2+ ions while in binary component media it was between 0.472 and 1.303 mg/g for Pb2+ ions and between 0.008 and 0.195 mg/g for Cd2+ ions. The pseudo-second order kinetic model suitably fitted the Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption data with regression coefficients (R2); 0.892 – 1.000 for peroxide-treated materials and 0.9784 – 0.9999 for base-treated biosorbents which implied that the biosorption was mainly a chemisorption process. The base treated biosorbents had better sorption performance for Cd2+ ions than peroxide treated materials and untreated biomass whereas the order for Pb2+ ions biosorption was untreated > base treated > peroxide treated materials. All materials showed superior selectivity for Pb2+ ions biosorption in comparison to that of Cd2+ ions in single- and binary-component media. A. coriaria performed best of the base treated biosorbents while C. canephora performed best amongst peroxide treated materials for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption in single-and binary-component media. In the competitive biosorption, Cd2+ ions showed higher synergistic effects than Pb2+ ions although Pb2+ ions were preferentially sequestered even when the Cd2+:Pb2+ ions ratio was increased through 3:2, 2:1, 3:1 and 5:1. Of the three isotherm models evaluated against the experimental data, the Langmuir model generally fitted the sorption data for both metals. Regression coefficients for the Langmuir model were; 0.983 ≤ R2 ≥ 1.000 for single-component and 0.939 ≤ R2 ≥ 1.000 for binary-component solutions which revealed that the biosorption was potentially monolayer. The biosorption equilibrium coefficient                          values and change in Gibbs’ free energy  values showed that Pb2+ ions biosorption was more thermodynamically favoured than that of Cd2+ ions in single-component and binary-component media. The materials studied displayed potential for use as biosorbents for remediation of aqueous Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions.

QC 20140508

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Burkhart, James D. "An assessment of the effectiveness of the Polanyi equilibrium theory at predicting adsorption isotherms." FIU Digital Commons, 1990. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1891.

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The Polanyi Equilibrium Theory proposes that a characteristic curve exist which can, after the application of certain abscissa scale factors, describe the adsorption of all compounds on a given carbon. A study was undertaken, using published data from several sources on a variety of compounds and carbons to challenge the most fundamental aspects of the Polanyi Adsorption Equilibrium Theory. Its effectiveness as a predictive model was tested by constructing characteristic curves and comparing the observed isotherm data to the Polanyi predictions. The results support the existence of the characteristic curve. However, in several instances, experimental data was required to accurately determine the required scale factors. Data from several compounds indicates that these scale factors can be estimated from a single data point. A comparison of predicted to observed scale factors indicates that polarizability is effective in providing only an approximation of the true abscissa scale factors. An additional adjustment for adsorbate density is required to correct for the theorized inefficient packing of the solids in the carbon pores. However, after these empirically determined scale factors are applied, an accurate depiction of the data results.
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Hyder, A. H. M. Golam. "Sorption Characteristics of Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] onto Bone Char and Bio-char." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171833.

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The sorption characteristics of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] onto bone char and bio-char were evaluated as a function of pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and dosages of bone char and bio-char. Batch tests were conducted by using synthetic wastewater in this study. The effects of various initial Cr(VI) concentrations between 5 mg/L and 1000 mg/L were evaluated using bone char as a sorbent. A Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 100 % was achieved at pH 1 with 2 g of bone char in 50 mL of solution at 3 hours of reaction time using initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg/L. About 100 % of Cr(VI) was removed at pH 2 with initial Cr(VI) concentrations of 10 mg/L using 4 g of bio-char in 200 mL of solution at 5 hours of reaction time. The initial Cr(VI) concentrations were varied between 10 mg/L and 500 mg/L when bio-char was used as the sorbent. The maximum sorption capacities of bone char and bio-char were determined to 6.46 mg Cr(VI)/g, and 1.717 mg Cr(VI)/g, respectively. Equilibrium, kinetics, and isotherms of the sorption process were also investigated. The sorption kinetics of Cr(VI) onto bone char and bio-char followed the second order kinetic model suggesting that the sorption reaction rate depends on two parameters, which might be the sorbate concentration and sorbent dosage. The Langmuir isotherm model was the best one for the description of sorption of Cr(VI) onto bone char and bio-char.
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Camacho, Bárbara Cassiana Rodrigues. "Experimental Gravimetric Adsorption Equilibrium of n-Alkanes and Alkenes, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen in MIL-53(Al) and Zeolite 5A." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12140.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica
The objective of this work was the measuring of adsorption equilibrium, by the gravimetric method. Experimental results are presented for the adsorption equilibrium of the series of n-alkanes, ethylene, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in two microporous materials, the metal-organic framework, MIL-53(Al) and zeolite 5A. Both of them have desirable characteristics for adsorption processes, such as the capture and storage of carbon dioxide, natural gas storage, separation of components of biogas, and separation of olefin/paraffin. The determination of the equilibrium of the pure components (ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, carbon dioxide and nitrogen) covers a wide range of thermodynamic conditions; temperatures between 303.15K and 373.15K, as well as pressure values between 0 and 50 bar. The adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed through the global adjustment for each adsorbate/adsorbent system, using the Sips and Toth models. The isosteric heat was also determined. The experimental data of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen were correlated successfully by the potential theory of adsorption collapsing into a single characteristic curve, independent of temperature. This analysis allows the extrapolation of adsorption data for other gases, for which no experimental data is still known. The adsorption capacity is generally higher in MIL-53(Al) than in zeolite 5A, and in the two adsorbents, the preferred adsorption capacity for carbon dioxide is a good indication that these materials have a strong potential in the capture and storage of carbon dioxide, in the purification of biogas or purification of methane from natural gas.
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Mofaddel, Nadine. "Contribution à l'étude de systèmes quaternaires : exploitation de sulfates alcalins et dédoublement de molécules chirales par formation de diastéréoisomères." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES013.

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Dans le cadre de la détermination des domaines de cristallisation d'espèces définies dans un système d'ordre élevé, deux systèmes quaternaires sont étudiés. Le premier système est Na2So4 - K2SO4 – (NH4)2SO4 – H2O : l'isotherme 18°C est dressé, définissant les domaines de stabilité des différentes phases rencontrées. Le deuxième système est le système réciproque: l'isotherme 20°C montre la possibilité de dédoublement d'un composé racémique. Une étude critique des travaux antérieurs est apportée
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Pissetti, Fabio Luiz. "Preparação de redes modificadas de poli(dimetilsiloxano) com ion piridinio ou etilenodiamina : estudo da adsorção de ions metalicos em etanolico." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249701.

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Orientador: Yoshitaka Gushikem
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foram preparadas redes poliméricas com propriedades elastoméricas a partir do poli(dimetilsiloxano) (PDMS), modificadas com íon piridínio ou etilenodiamina. Os materiais preparados foram caracterizados por espectroscopia no infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica, calorimetria diferencial de varredura e ressonância magnética nuclear de C e Si. Os resultados destas análises mostraram que ambos os materiais apresentam boa estabilidade térmica e uma temperatura de transição vítrea de ~ 160 K. Os dados de RMN indicaram que rede foi formada pela reticulação das cadeias lineares de PDMS por ¿clusters¿ de siloxanos do tipo T, provenientes da hidrólise/condensação de 3-cloropropiltrimetoxissilano e do 2-aminoetil-3- aminopropiltrimetoxissilano. Além disso, por ensaios de intumescimento foi calculada a massa molecular média entre os nós da rede polimérica e também a densidade de reticulação dos materiais. Os valores encontrados sugerem um alto grau de reticulação para ambos os materiais estudados. A rede modificada com etilenodiamina apresentou a maior densidade de reticulação. Com intuito de avaliar a potencialidade dos materiais como adsorventes de íons metálicos de uma solução etanólica, foram obtidas isotermas de adsorção. Para o material modificado com o íon piridínio os metais estudados foram o Co, Cu e Fe, que foram retirados da solução com boa eficiência, 0,25, 0,29 e 0,45 mmol g, respectivamente. Os haletos metálicos foram adsorvidos pela rede polimérica modificada na forma de complexos aniônicos FeCl4¨, CuCl4 e CoCl4. Os resultados de UV-Vis sugeriram que os complexos formados na interface têm uma simetria tetraédrica ou tetraédrica distorcida. Para a rede modificada com etilenodiamina foram estudados os metais Cu, Ni e Fe. Neste caso o material apresentou uma elevada capacidade de adsorção para os cloretos de Fe (1,35 mmol g) e Cu (1,25 mmol g), enquanto que, para o Ni a capacidade de adsorção foi consideravelmente menor, 0,36 mmol g. Os resultados de espectro eletrônico para este material sugeriram que o cobre é adsorvido pela rede polimérica modificada na forma do complexo, [Cu(en)], com uma estrutura tetraédrica distorcida, enquanto que para o níquel os resultados sugeriram formação de um complexo octaédrico. Os dados obtidos nas isotermas de adsorção foram usados para calcular as constantes de equilíbrio para a adsorção dos íons metálicos. Estes resultados permitiram verificar que no material modificado com o íon piridínio a adsorção de CoCl2 e CuCl2 segue o modelo descrito por Langmuir. Para a adsorção do FeCl3 outro modelo, em que centro adsorvedor é composto por dois grupos ligantes, foi necessário para descrever o processo de adsorção. Neste caso, há um efeito cooperativo entre as espécies formadas na superfície. Para o material modificado com etilenodiamina, os cálculos mostraram que a adsorção dos três íons metálicos pode ser descrito adequadamente pelo modelo de Langmuir
Abstract: In this work elastomeric polymeric networks based on poly(dimethilsiloxane) PDMS, modified with pyridine ion or ethylenediamine, were prepared. These materials were characterized by infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of Si and C. The results showed that both materials presented a good thermal stability and a glass transition temperature at ~ 160 K. The NMR data indicated that the polymeric network was formed by PDMS linear chain crosslinked with siloxane clusters of T Si units formed from hydrolyses/condensation of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane or 2-aminoethyl-3- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Using the swelling measurements, the average molecular weight between crosslinking points and the polymeric network crosslinking density were calculated. The results obtained suggested a high degree of crosslinking for the prepared materials, which was higher for the ethylenediamine. To evaluate the potential use of the prepared materials as adsorbents, adsorption isotherms were obtained from an ethanolic solution. For the polymeric network modified with pyridine ion the metallic ions studied were Cu, Co and Fe, which were adsorbed with high efficiency of 0.25, 0.29 e 0.45 mmol g, respectively. Metal halides were adsorbed by the modified polymeric network as an anionic complex, FeCl4¨, CuCl4 and CoCl4. The UV-Vis data suggested that the formed complexes at surface presented a tetrahedral symmetry or distorted tetrahedral symmetry. For The polymeric network modified with ethylenediamine, the metallic ions studied were Cu, Ni and Fe. In this case, the material showed a higher capacity of adsorption for Fe (1.35 mmol g) and Cu (1.25 mmol g), while, to Ni that capacity was significantly lower, 0.36 mmol g. The electronic spectra data suggested that the copper was adsorbed by the modified polymeric network as [Cu(en)], with a distorted tetrahedral symmetry, while the nickel was adsorbed with a octahedral symmetry. From the isotherm data, the equilibrium constants of the metallic ion adsorption were calculated. These results allowed verifying that the adsorptions of CoCl2 e CuCl2 are appropriate described by Langmuir equation. For the FeCl3 another model, which two adsorptions centers are envolved was necessary to describe the adsorption process. In this case, there was a cooperative effect among the adsorbed species. The results for polymeric network modified with ethylenediamine showed an adsorption described by the Langmuir equation for all metallic ions studied
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Quimica Inorganica
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Norman, Per-Albin. "Filter Materials for Sorption of Cu and Zn in Stormwater Treatment: A Batch Equilibrium and Kinetic study." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68059.

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Urban stormwater is today recognized as a significant source of pollution that has contributed to the deterioration of water quality in lakes and streams. Of the pollutants, metals are commonly occurring in stormwater and can cause major damage when released into the receiving waters. A promising treatment method for removing these metals before it reaches the receiving waters is to filter the water in various filter technologies such as catch basin inserts. In this study, the potential of five materials to remove dissolved copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from stormwater was investigated. The study was initiated with batch equilibrium tests to assess the sorption capacity of the materials at different metal concentrations relevant for stormwater. This was done in both single and binary batches to investigate whether or not any competitive sorption occurred between the metals. Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherm models were adapted to the obtained data. Through geochemical modelling, it was also possible to investigate whether precipitation of metals was likely. Finally, kinetic studies were conducted to investigate whether the reaction rate of Cu and Zn was relevant in the context of catch basin inserts. The results showed that the biochar had the highest sorption capacity followed by peat, bark, milkweed, and polypropylene. It could also be noted that Cu competed with Zn binding sites at high concentrations and that the sorption capacity of biochar, peat and bark, at concentrations between 50-100 μg/l Cu and 50-500 μg/l Zn, was sufficient to meet the limits set for stormwater emissions. For these sorbents, the reaction rate was also significant. Kinetics tests showed that at an initial concentration of 1,000 μg/l, 83% of the metals were sorbed after 5 minutes and after 10 minutes this number was 93%. Bark and peat also showed low effluent pH and leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The Langmuir and pseudo-second order equation could be well adapted to the data while geochemical modelling showed that precipitation of metals was unlikely. This suggests that chemical adsorption may be the mechanism that largely accounted for the removal of Cu and Zn. The results of this study can hardly be used to estimate the field performance of stormwater filters, but can be used as a basis for comparing and selecting sorbents for subsequent column tests.
I denna studie undersöktes potentialen för fem material att avskilja löst koppar (Cu) och zink (Zn) från dagvatten. Studien inleddes med skaktest för att testa sorptionsförmågan hos materialen vid olika metallkoncentrationer relevant för dagvatten. Detta gjordes i både singel och binära test för att undersöka om någon konkurrerande sorption skedde mellan metallerna. Langmuirs, Freundlichs och Sips isotermmodeller anpassades även till resultatet. Genom geokemisk modellering var det även möjlig att undersöka om utfällning av metaller var sannolik. Till sist gjordes kinetiska studier för att undersöka om reaktionshastigheten för sorption av Cu och Zn till filtermaterialen var relevanta i ett brunnsfiltersammanhang. Resultaten visar att biokol hade den största sorptionsförmågan följt av torv, bark, sidenört och polypropylen. Det kunde även konstateras att koppar konkurrerade om sorptionsplatser för zink vid högre koncentrationer och att sorptionskapaciteten för biokol, torv och bark, vid koncentrationer mellan 50-100 µg/l Cu och 50-500 µg/l Zn, är tillräckligt hög för att uppfylla gränsvärdena för utsläpp av dagvatten. För dessa sorbenter var reaktionshastigheten betydande. Kinetiktesten visade att vid en initial koncentration på 1,000 µg/L var 83% av metallerna sorberade efter 5 minuter och efter 10 minuter var denna siffra uppe i 93%. Bark and torv uppvisade även ett lågt uppmätt pH och lakade löst organisk kol (DOC). Langmuir och pseudo-andra ordningens ekvation kunde anpassas väl till datat samtidigt som den geokemiska modelleringen visade att utfällning av metaller var osannolikt. Detta antyder att kemisk adsorption kan vara den mekanism som till störst del stod för avskiljningen av Cu och Zn. Studien kan inte fastställa något om filtermaterialens fältprestanda, men kan användas som underlag för att jämföra och att välja sorbenter för efterföljande kolumntester.
Formas project 2016-75
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Books on the topic "Equilibrium Isotherm"

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Savolainen, Pekka. Modeling of non-isothermal vapor membrane separation with thermodynamic models and generalized mass transfer equations. Lappeenranta, Finland: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2002.

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Coroyannakis, Panos. Studies on isothermal multicomponent sorption using equilibrium theory. 1988.

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Staudt, Reiner, and Jürgen U. Keller. Gas Adsorption Equilibria: Experimental Methods and Adsorptive Isotherms. Springer, 2010.

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Gas Adsorption Equilibria: Experimental Methods and Adsorptive Isotherms (Microsystems). Springer, 2004.

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Staudt, Reiner, and Jürgen U. Keller. Gas Adsorption Equilibria: Experimental Methods and Adsorptive Isotherms (Microsystems Book 9). Springer, 2006.

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Clarke, Andrew. Energy and heat. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0002.

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Energy is the capacity to do work and heat is the spontaneous flow of energy from one body or system to another through the random movement of atoms or molecules. The entropy of a system determines how much of its internal energy is unavailable for work under isothermal conditions, and the Gibbs energy is the energy available for work under isothermal conditions and constant pressure. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that for any reaction to proceed spontaneously the total entropy (system plus surroundings) must increase, which is why metabolic processes release heat. All organisms are thermodynamically open systems, exchanging both energy and matter with their surroundings. They can decrease their entropy in growth and development by ensuring a greater increase in the entropy of the environment. For an ideal gas in thermal equilibrium the distribution of energy across the component atoms or molecules is described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann equation. This distribution is fixed by the temperature of the system.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Self-gravitating fluids. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0015.

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This chapter briefly describes ‘perfect fluids’. These are characterized by their mass density ρ‎(t, xⁱ), pressure p(t, ⁱ), and velocity field v(t, ⁱ). The motion and equilibrium configurations of these fluids are determined by the equation of state, for example, p = p(ρ‎) for a barotropic fluid, and by the gravitational potential U(t, ⁱ) created at a point ⁱ by other fluid elements. The chapter shows that, given an equation of state, the equations of the problem to be solved are the continuity equation, the Euler equation, and the Poisson equation. It then considers static models with spherical symmetry, as well as polytropes and the Lane–Emden equation. Finally, the chapter studies the isothermal sphere and Maclaurin spheroids.
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Karayannopoulos, Constantine *. Ispthermal fixed-bed sorption of binary systems: study of solutes with type I, II and IV parent isotherms, using equilibrium theory. Phase separation phenomena. 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equilibrium Isotherm"

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Daïan, Jean-François. "Isothermal Transport in the Pore Space." In Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 2, 99–194. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118931257.ch2.

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Daïan, Jean-François. "Isothermal Transport in Porous Media: Applications." In Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 3, 1–131. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118931288.ch1.

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Narita, S., M. Kiguchi, S. M. Miyama, and C. Hayashi. "Equilibrium and Collapse of Rotating Isothermal Clouds." In Star Forming Regions, 377. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_121.

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Veron, Laurent. "Conformal Asymptotics of the Isothermal Gas Spheres Equation." In Nonlinear Diffusion Equations and Their Equilibrium States, 3, 537–59. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0393-3_36.

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Hayashi, Chushiro. "Equilibria and Dynamics of Isothermal Clouds." In Star Forming Regions, 403–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_136.

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Igberase, Ephraim, Peter Ogbemudia Osifo, Tumisang Seodigeng, and Ikenna Emeji. "Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI) and Cd(II) Ions by Microwave-Improved Grafting Technique of Cross-Linking Composite Chitosan Beads. Studies Concerning Equilibrium, Isotherm and Desorption." In Enhanced Chitosan Material for Water Treatment, 47–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71722-3_3.

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Aston, M. S. "The Anamolous Effect of Electrolytes on Surfactant Monolayer Surface Pressure-Area Isotherms." In The Structure, Dynamics and Equilibrium Properties of Colloidal Systems, 551–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3746-1_36.

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Djebbar, Mustapha, Fatiha Djafri, and Mohammed Bouchekara. "Equilibrium, Langmuir Isotherms and Thermodynamic Studies for Adsorption of Cu(II) on Natural Clay." In Advanced Structured Materials, 345–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07383-5_24.

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Nandakumar, Renu, Hessam Afshari, and Duane F. Bruley. "Analysis of Equilibrium Adsorption Isotherms for Human Protein C Purification by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 191–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6125-2_27.

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Mazur, Oleksandr V., and Vladyslav I. Mazur. "Isothermal Solidification and Metastable Phases Equilibria in Al-21.5%Si Alloy." In Affordable Metal-Matrix Composites for High Performance Applications II, 193–98. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787120.ch14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equilibrium Isotherm"

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Zammouri, Amel, M. Ben Zid, N. Kechaou, and N. Boudhrioua Mihoubi. "Thermodynamic properties and moisture sorption isotherms of two pharmaceutical compounds." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7702.

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This investigation examines and compares the water sorption isotherms and the thermodynamic properties of two pharmaceutical preparations (Hypril and Azix) intended to be manufactured with the same process plant and equipment. The moisture equilibrium isotherms were determined at 50, 60 and 70 °C using a gravimetric technique. Five isotherm models were explored for their fitting to the experimental data. Azix showed sigmoid type II isotherms while Hypril showed type III isotherms according to the BET classification. All investigated models fitted well the water sorption isotherms of Hypril. By contrast, only GAB and Adam and Shove equations gave appropriate fit to the experimental data of Azix. For both formulations, the isosteric heat and the differential entropy decreased sharply with the increase of equilibrium moisture content to minimum values and thereafter remain constant. In the case of Azix, the integral enthalpy decreased with equilibrium moisture content while the integral entropy increased until reaching a constant value. Contrariwise, Hypril showed decreasing of the integral enthalpy and entropy with the equilibrium moisture content. Keywords: sorption isotherm, enthalpy, entropy, spreading pressure, pharmaceutical formulations
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Cojocariu, Bianca, Anca Mihaela Mocanu, Dumitru Bulgariu, Gabriela Nacu, and Laura Bulgariu. "Equilibrium isotherm study of metal ions adsorption on PET recycled fibers." In 2017 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb.2017.7995367.

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MAZZOTTI, MARCO. "EQUILIBRIUM THEORY-BASED DESIGN OF SMBS FOR A GENERALIZED LANGMUIR ISOTHERM." In Selected Reports at the 4th Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and Technology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812770264_0014.

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Saha, Bidyut Baran, Kandadai Srinivasan, Anutosh Chakraborty, Khairul Habib, Ibrahim Ibrahim El-Sharkawy, and Shigeru Koyama. "Adsorption Characteristics of Maxsorb-III + Methane Systems by Desorption Experiments." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42941.

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The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of gaseous methane onto highly porous activated carbon (Maxsorb-III) at temperatures ranging from 278 to 333 K and at different equilibrium pressures between 0.1 and 2.0 MPa have been experimentally measured by the desorption method unlike volumetric or thermo-gravimetric apparatus. The thermophysical properties such as skeletal density, BET surface area, pore size, pore volume and the total porosity of Maxsorb-III have been determined. The Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) and Langmuir isotherm models are found to fit well all of the experimental data within the experimental errors. The experimental isotherms and the computed isosteric heat of adsorption are compared with the measurements of similar specimens of activated carbon of other researchers, and found to be consistent. The present isotherm and isosteric heat data are useful for designing environmentally benign adsorption cooling and storage systems.
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Al Ezzi, Amged, and Hongbin Ma. "Equilibrium Adsorption Isotherm Mechanism of Water Vapor on Zeolites 3A, 4A, X, and Y." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72601.

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Many researchers have analyzed the equilibrium adsorption isotherm mechanism of water vapor molecules on 4A, 3A, Y and X zeolites for decades. The demand for moisture removal continues to increase along with the increasing stringency of requirements for product quality control and production energy efficiency. Due to the negative charge of the zeolite framework, exchangeable compensation cations such as Na+, Li+, K+, Ba2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ might be added. These cations are located at different sites within the framework and with different concentrations. Each cation shows a strong affinity to bond with water molecules. Adsorption sites must show a characteristic energy signature corresponding to the adsorbed amount. The values of enthalpies and entropies at each site are different since the bonding strength between the moisture molecules and cations of the site is also different. These exchangeable cations have a very important contribution in determining the zeolites adsorptive properties and selectivity. This investigation of the water vapor adsorption mechanism reveals that size, location, and type of exchangeable compensation cations have a concrete relationship to the adsorption process and zeolite cage capacity.
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Stempniewicz, M. M. "Coefficients for I-131 Sorption on Different Surfaces." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29290.

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Sorption of fission product vapors on metallic surfaces and dust particles is an important safety aspect of HTR reactors. Safety analyses of these reactors are performed using computer codes, such as MELCOR, RADAX, SPECTRA. These codes have sorption models allowing to compute the sorption rates of different fission products on surfaces. The code users must supply the model coefficients applicable for the particular surface and isotope. This paper describes the work performed to find relevant experimental data and find the sorption coefficients that represent well the available data for iodine on different surfaces. The purpose of this work is to generate a set of coefficients that may be recommended for the computer code users. Calculations were performed using the computer code SPECTRA. The following data was analyzed: • Sorption of I-131 on graphite; • Sorption of I-131 on steel; • Sorption of I-131 on dust. The results are summarized as follows: • The available data is provided in form of Langmuir isotherms. • The Langmuir isotherms do not provide sufficient data to define all sorption coefficients. The Langmuir isotherm provides equilibrium data; the relaxation time (to get to equilibrium) needs to be guessed. In practice this means that one of the sorption coefficients must be guessed. In the present calculations the desorption coefficient was being guessed and then varied in sensitivity calculations. The calculations showed that surface concentration is not sensitive to the choice of the parameter. • The sorption model in SPECTRA is capable to correctly reproduce the sorption behavior given by the Langmuir isotherms. • Out of the calculated cases, the highest activity (surface concentration) is observed on the steel surface; the lowest on the graphite surfaces. • The present work may serve as a useful guide of how to convert the Langmuir isotherm data into the input parameters required for computer code calculations.
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Amel, Fedol, and A. Cheriti. "Modelling the Water Sorption Isotherms of Warionia Saharae and determination of sorption heats and drying kinetics." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7669.

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The hygroscopic equilibrium of Warionia saharae was studied, which allowed getting an idea of ​​the equilibrium water content relative to a given humidity. The results of this study made it possible to have the sorption curves. The results of this study made it possible to obtain the sorption curves necessary for know the storage conditions of the plant and the study of its drying kinetics. The static gravimetric method was used to determine sorption isotherms of Warionia saharae leaves at 30and 40 ◦C and in the range of water activity varying from 0.063 to 0.898. The Gab, Peleg models was found to be the most suitable for describing the sorption curves. The isosteric heat calculated by applying the Clausius–Clapeyron equation .The desorption isosteric heat was higher than the isosteric heat of adsorption and both decreased continuously with increasing of the equilibrium moisture content. The experimental results obtained allowed us to determine the temporal evolution of the drying kinetics as a function of the moisture content. The curve of the evolution of the water content as a function of time shows the absence of the phases product temperature and constant drying rate Keywords: Sorption isotherm, isosteric heats, modelling, kinetics, Warionia saharae.
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Liu, Qingqing, and Xiaoyan Li. "Study on Adsorption of U(VI) From Aqueous Solution by Activated MgO." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67922.

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The activated MgO was synthesized by microwave homo-precipitator method and characterized by SEM, EDS and FT-IR methods. It was used to adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution with batch system. The paper discussed the effect of pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial U(VI) concentration on the adsorption. The results showed that activated MgO has good adsorption capacity for U(VI), the removal rate and equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 83.5% and 84.04mg·g−1 at pH 5.0, 15mg dose and 313K,respectively. The adsorption kinetics of U(VI) onto activated MgO were better fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetic.The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to Freundlich isotherm model.The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous.
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Chang, Hua, Tao Ma, Ling Liu, Hua-Qiang Yin, and Xue-Dong He. "Experimental Study on Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on 13X Molecular Sieve for Coolant Helium Purification." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15362.

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The adsorption capability of carbon dioxide on 13X molecular sieve (13XMS) was investigated in a fixed-bed apparatus with two-road gas mixing system by dynamic column breakthrough method with helium as carrier gas at helium purification conditions of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). Experiments were performed at temperatures of 5°C ∼35 °C and low carbon dioxide partial pressure range of 10∼150Pa. By analyzing the breakthrough curve, both equilibrium adsorption capacity and kinetic adsorption capacity at breakthrough point were determined. Based on mass-transfer zone model, the experimental breakthrough curves at different operation conditions were analyzed. The carbon dioxide isotherm on 13XMS was fitted well by Langmuir model and the enthalpy of adsorption of carbon dioxide was estimated.
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Laurinat, James E., Matthew R. Kesterson, and Steve J. Hensel. "Analysis of the Rate of Adsorption of Moisture Onto Plutonium Oxide Powders." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28073.

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Rates of adsorption of moisture onto plutonium oxide powders exposed to air are modeled. The moisture contents of these powders must be limited to minimize the radiolytic generation of flammable hydrogen gas when the plutonium oxide subsequently is stored in containment vessels. The pressure in the vessels is related to the amount of moisture adsorbed. Moisture adsorption rates are modeled for powders in two different containers used by the Savannah River Site (SRS) HB-Line facility, a B vial and a product can. The adsorption models examine the effects of the powder layer fill height, gas mixing conditions above the powder layer, and ambient relative humidity. Moisture distribution profiles are calculated to enable the evaluation of the effect of sampling location on the measured moisture content. The adsorption models are applied using the COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element code. The COMSOL® models couple moisture diffusion with thermal conduction and radiation. The models incorporate an equilibrium adsorption isotherm and a detailed model for combined radiation and conduction heat transfer in the powder, both developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The COMSOL® adsorption rate calculations are successfully benchmarked using an analytical, one-dimensional ash and pore diffusion model.
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Reports on the topic "Equilibrium Isotherm"

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DUFFEY, CHERYL. Determination of Cesium (CS+) Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherms from Hanford Waste Simulants Using Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) Resins. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828771.

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Sambi, I. S., and D. J. Patmore. Vapour-liquid equilibrium under hydrocracking conditions - i. program for isothermal flash calculations using Grayson-Streed method. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302679.

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Lamontage, Robert A., and Richard A. Matuszko. Theoretical Aspects of Multicomponent Adsorption Equilibria. Part I: Development of a Computationally Fast Adsorption Isothem Model That Can be Applied to Systems Which Demonstrate Energetic Heterogeneity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada325445.

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