Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Équin /cheval'
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Stalteri, Sylvia. "La responsabilité civile dans le domaine équin." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1021.
Full textThe equestrian world offers a large range of activities which may sees the involvement of different persons: a profane ignoring the intrinsic nature of the animal during an outside ride from the equestrian centre under instructor control, a driver during training or a kid bitten by neighbor's pony. Horses are used for work not only for community tasks such as transportation but also for social reinsertion to help people in need or also as a therapy for persons with motor disabilities. Having contact with horses involves a high degree of risk due to the possibility of failing. Therefore, litigation in field of civil liability is constantly growing. Compensation is in the heart of society's concerns. The optimization of the compensation incurred during the sports or leisure's activities must be underlined. Victims cannot freely choose their legal recourse. Indeed, the "none option principal" implies the application of the liability rules when a contract is existing and the application of the tortious liability when no contract is existing. The separation between both liabilities is often an obstacle for improved compensation for victims. Regarding the constant increase of litigation in this field, solutions should be offered to improve the conditions and the effects of the two branches of civil liability mainly by reinforcing the security obligations in several activities and the considerations of the parties intentions involved in an equestrian agreement while searching the liabilities of the parties in order to highlight preventative measures and not to exclude the risk theory to keep the freedom of play in sports regulations area
Mugnier, Sylvie. "Mécanismes de la fécondation dans l'espèce équine : approche comparée entre les modèles équin et porcin." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4013/document.
Full textIn equine species, the mechanisms of fertilization remain largely enigmatic. In order to clarify these mechanisms, we have developped a comparative strategy between equine (low in vitro fertilization rates: 0- 60%) and porcine (high rates: 80-90%) species. Our objective was to identify differences and similarities between these two opposite models in order to highlight key components of fertilization. We showed that 1) the zona pellucida is a determining element in gamete interaction, 2) its composition and its structure are different between equine and porcine species, 3) each vertebrate has its own protein-set involved in gamete interaction, 4) the ß-1,4-galactosyltransferase is not necessary for gamete interaction in the horse and the pig, contrary to the bovine, 5) the secretions of oviduct cells take part in the mechanism of equine fertilization, but the proteins involved remain to be identified
Pronost, Stéphane. "Apports des outils de génétique moléculaire à la connaissance de deux infections virales du cheval : herpèsvirus équin 1 et artérite virale équine." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN3120.
Full textMany viruses are responsible of equine pathologies and may involve both outbreaks and trade limitations. Among them, equid herpesvirus -1 (EHV-1) and equine arteritis virus (EAV) are monitored closely. Methods of detection and molecular characterisation were developed. We investigated the relationships between the different clinical expressions of EHV-1 infection and genotype of the strains being present in France. We could confirm EHV-1 being both a major abortive agent and also responsible of either sporadic or epidemic neurological diseases. Determining by SNP-PCR the presence/absence of mutation A/G2254 in ORF 30, coding for DNA polymerase, allowed to precise that non-neuropathogenic strains could be detected during paralytic forms, and conversely, neuropathogenic strains could be detected during abortive forms of the disease. This suggests that other factors related to horse and environment also are interfering with the clinical expression of the syndrome. Characterisation of the French strains of EAV, by phylogenetic analyses of ORF 2a-7, allowed demonstrating the emergence in 2003 of a North American strain. The outbreak of equine viral arteritis being described in this paper, revealed an European strain from subgroup 2 (highly virulent) to be responsible of one abortion and death of seven horses. Perspectives are based on the complete sequencing of EHV-1 genome as well as phylogenetic study of other EAV strains in order to determine the origin of the outbreak
Hervieu, Magalie. "Identification des biomarqueurs précoces de la lésion tendineuse de fatigue dans le modèle équin." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN3169.
Full textThe functionality of the musculoskeletal system is largely based on the integrity of the tendon, mainly composed of types I and III collagens fibrils, whose disorganization takes a great part in the fatigue tendinitis. Microtraumas exerted on the tendons of race horses during intensive training lead to long-term impairments resulting in fatigue tendinitis. This condition often leads to premature termination of the sport career of the horse. The goal of this study was to characterize early biomarkers of the fatigue tendon injury in horse. Experiments were designed to mimic this pathology by inducing fatigue tendinitis in vivo in horse through a surgery technique and the data led to a better knowledge of the pathophysiology of the tendon and to characterize molecular markers of tendinitis at early stages. Two models of induction of lesions, surgical and "mixed", have been developed to closer to the spontaneous pathophysiological process. After surgical induction of mechanical lesions, tendon biopsies were collected and were subjected to evaluation of gene and protein expressions of different extra-and intracellular proteins, showing a modification of the molecules studied involved in ECM remodeling. Overexpression of types I and III collagens and tenascin -C is observed in injured tendon and a progressive disorganization of the tendon structure. The study of transcription factors revealed that scleraxis seems to be a late tendinitis marker. Therefore, this research allowed us to extend our knowledge on the fatigue tendinitis in both physiological and pathological situations, through biochemical, molecular and cellular approaches. This study was carried out in order to develop an optical molecular marker probe relevant of the earliest stages of tendinitis, leading to the detection as early as possible micro-lesions before they become unrepairable, with the objective especially to promote appropriate therapies in veterinary or human clinic a posteriori. Thus, our research has highlighted new markers of the horse fatigue tendinitis
Seguin, Virginie. "Contribution à l'étude de la qualité sanitaire du fourrage équin : effets des pratiques culturales et de la composition floristique : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2075.
Full textAero-allergens (dust, molds, pollens, mycotoxins, endotoxins) in forages are suspected to be the main aetiologic agents of Recurrent Airway Obstruction, a highly prevalent equine respiratory disease. Improvement of health quality of forages for horse feeding could reduce its prevalence, but requires identifying its determinant factors. Therefore, different forages produced experimentally from a permanent grassland in 2007 and 2008, using different agricultural practices and contrasting climatic conditions were analyzed for previously cited aeroallergens. Some agricultural practices (cutting too low, late tossing, insufficient drying before baling) or rainfall during harvesting lead to a decrease in health quality leading to an increase in dust, molds dominated by Aspergillus and Penicillium genera with, sometimes species potentially toxinogen such as Aspergillus fumigatus, and a potential accumulation of endotoxins and zearalenone. Barn drying, haylage or the use of hay preservatives, such as propionic acid on moist hay, improve significantly the forage health quality. The analysis of forages single-species or those found on the market for horses suggests that floristic composition of temporary grassland could constitute a supplementary way of improvement. This work as a whole is the subject of discussion and opens research perspectives at both fundamental and applied levels
Orard, Marie. "Influence du foin "à la vapeur" sur la réponse immune de chevaux asthmatiques : du challenge d'exposition (in vivo) à la stimulation (in vitro) des macrophages alvéolaires." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC271/document.
Full textEquine asthma is a recurrent obstructive disease of respiratory tract. Several aetiologic factors are known to induceor maintain the severe equine asthma (sEA), however the hay exposure is the main risk factor. The use of treatmentswith corticoids are effective in case of crisis, but ineffective in the absence of sanitary measures. So, since severalyears a device allowing to purify the hay with steam was developed, in order to decrease the dust content and themicrobiological antigens within the hay. The pathophysiology of sEA is complex. Among the main actors of thisimmune response, the alveolar macrophages have an important role in the intiatiation and orientation of the immuneresponse. So, investigating the role of the equine alveolar macrophages of sEA horses would allow to betterunderstand the initiation of the immune response in the sEA. In this context, we focused on the influence of steamedhay on the immune response of sEA horses during an in vivo challenge and an in vitro stimulation of the alveolarmacrophages. First, we studied the systematic and local responses of horses submitted to an in vivo challengeexposure to dry and steamed hay. The first part of this work allowed us to show a beneficial effect of the steamedhay on the mucus tracheal score of sEA horses, however we did not observe any beneficial effect of the steamed hayon the cytological and immune response. The second part of the study allowed us to investigate the response of thealveolar macrophages to steamed hay. The real time microscopy showed differences in the behavior of macrophagesin response (1) to various stimuli, (2) between sEA and CTL horses (3) between HDS resulting from dry hay or fromsteamed hay. Moreover, the protein quantification of IL-1β was signifantly higher and the concentration of IL-10significantly lower in AM supernatant of sEA horses compared to CTL. The TNF-α concentration was higher on AMafter in vitro stimulation in sEA and CTL horses. These results on the alveolar macrophages reponse after both invivo challenge and in vitro stimulation, can be used as a basis for future studies in order to further characterize therole of AM in case of sEA. This triple approach on the horse, the lung and the cell scale allows a global vision of theresponse to an exposure challenge to dry or steamed hay and allows having an optimistic preliminary look on the useof the steamed hay for sEA horses
Saint-Dizier, Marie. "Etude de la réceptivité à eCG (équine Chorionic Gonadotropin) chez la jument gestante." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4003.
Full textThieulent, Côme. "Criblage in vitro de molécules antivirales contre l'herpèsvirus équin-1 par impédancemétrie et évaluation clinique de l'effet du valganciclovir Screening and evaluation of antiviral compounds against Equid alpha-herpesviruses using an impedance-based cellular assay Identification of antiviral compounds against equid herpesvirus-1 using real-time cell assay screening: Efficacy of decitabine and valganciclovir alone or in combination Screening of potential antiviral molecules against equid herpesvirus-1 using cellular impedance measurement: dataset of 2,891 compounds New EHV-1 variant identified | Veterinary Recordvir réduit les signes cliniques, l'excrétion virale et la virémie chez des poneys infectés expérimentalement par la nouvelle souche C2254 d'herpèsvirus équin 1 Oral administration of valganciclovir reduces clinical signs, virus sheedind and cell-associated viremia in ponies experimentally infected with the new variant C2254 of equid herpesvirus-1." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC421.
Full textNine herpesviruses are known to infect the equine population. Among them, the equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) induces the most severe forms of diseases. Indeed, this virus causes respiratory symptoms, abortions, neonatal foal deaths and nervous diseases, often leading to their euthanasia. Prophylaxis, relying on good sanitary practices and vaccination remains the best way to avoid epizooties of herpesviruses. Vaccines reducing efficiently respiratory disorders and EHV-1 dissemination are currently available. However, they do not prevent abortions and have no proven effect against nervous symptoms. In addition, the vaccine coverage is insufficient in France. Antiviral therapy is therefore an interesting complementary approach in the fight against EHV-1. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the antiviral effect of compounds against EHV-1, limiting the prospects of use. To resolve this issue, we have developed a medium/high throughput screening protocol using the RTCA xCELLigence® technology based on cell impedance measurements. Following the screening of 2891 compounds, 21 candidates were identified for their efficacy against EHV-1. Among them, aphidicolin, decitabine, ganciclovir, idoxuridine, pritelivir and valganciclovir showed the best efficacy. The activity of these compounds was confirmed on different cell lines in the presence of different EHV-1 strains. This study led to the identification and the understanding of the mode of action of decitabine. This deoxycitidine analogue, also showed a synergistic effect when combined with valganciclovir. In the second part of this work, we evaluated the effect of valganciclovir treatment during an experimental infection by nebulisation with a new EHV-1 strain (C2254) recently isolated during the epizootic of 2018. This study demonstrated that a dose of 6.5 mg/kg body weight of valganciclovir, administrated orally twice a day, allowed to maintain a good protection prior the establishment of the humoral immune response. Indeed, this treatment allows to reduce significantly clinical signs, viral excretion and cell-associated viremia induced by EHV-1 on ponies. This work carried out in vivo demonstrated the efficiency of valganciclovir treatment against EHV-1, while the in vitro screening opens up new perspectives of treatment, in particular with compounds association
Sipahutar, Herbert. "Les aromatases humaine et équine : Etudes d'impacts des xénobiotiques." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2059.
Full textGoudet-Guitton, Ghylène. "Ovocytes équins : optimisation de la production et évaluation de la qualité." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4002.
Full textDucos, de Lahitte Jacques. "Contribution à l'étude des strongyloses des équidés : effets sur le développement des poulains : mise en place d'un plan de vermifugation-décontamination." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT016A.
Full textBélanger, Andrée. "ÉVOLUTION DU CHEPTEL ÉQUIN ET DE LA CULTURE ÉQUESTRE DANS LA VALLÉE DU SAINT-LAURENT SOUS L'INFLUENCE BRITANNIQUE, 1760-1850." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27949/27949.pdf.
Full textMiszczak, Fabien. "Artérite virale équine : détection moléculaire, épidémiologie, émergence et impact virologique d'une vaccination anti-GnRH." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN3003.
Full textEquine arteritis virus (EAV) is the causative agent of equine viral arteritis, a disease of equids. During natural outbreaks of the disease, EAV may cause abortion and persistent subclinical infection in stallions. Persistently infected stallions represent the natural reservoir of the virus, ensuring its persistence and making possible the emergence of new pathogenic variants. Stallions shed the virus in the semen for years, or even lifetime. The method for EAV nucleic acids detection by rRT-PCR in equine semen has been optimised. RRT-PCR showed higher sensitivity for EAV diagnosis than virus isolation, which is currently the OIE-approved gold standard for EAV detection in semen. The origin of the 2007 French EAV outbreak was determined by molecular analyses and revealed a persistently infected stallion being the source of the outbreak. Viral population carried by this stallion revealed a quasi-species organisation, with emergence of a new pathogenic variant lately transmitted to a mare via artificial insemination. The virological and hormonal impact of an anti-GnRH vaccine has also been evaluated on persistently EAV-infected stallions. This treatment induced a virus clearance in all vaccinated stallions. This study then suggests potentially promising perspectives for stallion treatments
Fougerolle, Stéphanie. "La grippe équine : détection moléculaire et caractérisation des souches de virus influenza : caractérisation de la réponse immunitaire après vaccination." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2067.
Full textThe equine influenza virus (EIV) belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae and is one of the most important equine respiratory pathogens, especially due to the economic losses associated with outbreaks. In horses, infection with the influenza virus causes significant morbidity. Mortality is uncommon and mostly associated with complications, such as secondary bacterial infections. Although there are vaccines since the 60’s, outbreaks, caused by the H3N8 subtype, are recorded around the world, including Sweden, Japan, Australia and France. Among the current issues related to EIV, this thesis focuses on both the pathogen and the host. , The molecular diversity of EIV strains and a possible link with virulence was investigated. This work involved a monitoring of EIV strains circulating in France and brought new notions about virulence mechanisms. The problem of low responder is a phenomenon accepted but not well understood in horses. The second aspect of this thesis was to study sub-optimal response to immunisation observed in some horses. The humoral immune response monitored, through the performance of SRH tests, in 202 foals during the primary course of vaccination against equine influenza. Results allowed to define the frequency of individuals that did not develop an adequate immune response and to highlight two independent factors playing a major role in the establishment of this sub-optimal response: the age of the foal and the presence of maternal antibodies at the time of first immunisation. In a preliminary study, evaluation of mRNA cytokines expression levels induced after EI immunization did not allow identification of intrinsic factors associated with low vaccination response
Colas, Cyril. "Développement de méthodes physico-chimiques pour le contrôle de la médication par l'Harpagophytum et l'Eleutherococcus, principes actifs utilisés en phytothérapie équine." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002923.
Full textDesjardin, Clémence. "Bases moléculaires et physiopathologiques de l'ostéochondrose équine." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0060/document.
Full textOsteochondrosis (OC) is a juvenile osteo-articular disease characterized by a focal failure of cartilage maturation leading to weak areas. OC has been described in several species including Human, Dog, Swine, Poultry and Horse. In horse, lesions develop gradually without symptoms before one year old and clinical manifestations occur tardily during training. OC affects 10 to 30% of equine population and constitutes a major concern in terms of animal welfare and economy. Its multifactorial etiology remains poorly understood and involved several factors including genetics, environment and traumas. The aim of this current work was to improve the comprehension of equine OC physiopathology and highlight biological pathways disrupted. Taken together, our results made it possible to refine the definition of OC entities and our data could be relevant to improve diagnosis and develop new therapies. A constitutive defect was found in cartilage and bone of OC-affected horses and particularly a defective energy metabolism and a endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, in function of lesion type, different underlying molecular mechanisms are involved in their development. Secondly, mircoRNAs (miRNAs) seem to take part in the OC physiopathology and some miRNAs could constitute a relevant therapeutic target or be used as diagnosis biomarkers
Martin, Andréane. "La capacitation des spermatozoïdes porcins et équins : une question de protéines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26548.
Full textAfter ejaculation spermatozoa must undergo a maturation to be able to fertilize an oocyte. The collective events that lead to this capability are named capacitation. Although capacitation was first discovered more than sixty years ago, the events and regulation of this maturation are still not fully understood. Also, the equine and porcine species has several reproductive issues believed to be caused by defects in sperm capacitation. Thus, the study of stallion sperm surface protein modification during capacitation could help to ameliorate advanced reproductive technologies in the horse and the pig. The aim of the first study was to establish the best in vitro conditions to promote horse sperm capacitation and to characterize the sperm using different tests. Our second objective was to optimize a surface biotinylation protocol to prevent biotin labeling of internal sperm proteins in order to study the surface membrane protein changes during capacitation.
Bendali-Ahcene, Smain. "Production d'anticorps monoclonaux anti-leucocytaires de cheval : applications à l'anémie infectieuse équine, aux maladies des petites voies respiratoires et à la gourme." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T323.
Full textKieken, Fanny. "Mise au point d'un nouvel outil de dépistage de l'administration de l'hormone de croissance équine recombinante par approche métabolomique." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2028.
Full textThe growth hormone is a peptidic molecule with anabolic activity potentially used to improve horse athletic efficiency and to increase the production profitability of farm animals. However, the legislation is very strict and the use of this molecule or its recombinant form is strictly forbidden by the races code and the European directives in force. Despite the numerous scientific progresses achieved recently, the control of growth administration remains difficult. New methods of detection and identification to improve the control of illegal use of growth promoters have recently been developed. The phD thesis work presented in this manuscript has been conducted in this context. An untargeted approach based on metabolomic study was developed to highlight equine urinary and plasmatic metabolic disruptions induced by the administration of recombinant equine growth hormone. The results obtained by LC-HRMS have demonstrated the analytical feasibility, relevance and usefulness of this approach since descriptive and predictive models able to discriminate non-treated from growth hormone treated horses have been established and validated. This method is currently being assessed in the French laboratory of horse racing. The development of such new metabolomic studies in conjunction with other omic techniques such as transcriptomic or proteomic suggests that these new strategies could improve the anti-doping control in the future
Branly, Thomas. "Développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques des affections articulaires : évaluation du potentiel thérapeutique des chondrocytes et des cellules souches de moelle osseuse : vers l’industrialisation de cellules médicaments en santé équine." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2068.
Full textDue to the low intrinsic ability to repair cartilage extracellular matrix by chondrocytes, locomotor disorders are the leading cause of loss of performance and termination of the career of racehorses. To provide relevant strategies to repair injured cartilage, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow are found to be relevant candidates because they have a large proliferative potential and a chondrocyte differentiation ability. We were able to isolate such cells on all samples obtained, and we showed that they possess the criteria for defining MSCs. In addition, these cells synthesize a hyaline type cartilage rich in type II collagen, when cells are cultured in hypoxia within sponges of type I collagen in the presence of chondrogenic factors such as BMP-2 and TGF-β. However, a persistent high expression of type I collagen, a specific marker of fibrocartilage, remains. To remedy this, siRNAs were transfected and we were able to decrease its expression. In vivo clinical trial in horse have also been performed on a model of induced arthropathy and we demonstrated the value of using MSCs as “cell-drug”. Our results show that in undifferentiated form their use is tolerated by the experimental horses, in addition to stimulating cartilage repair. Moreover, initial results suggest that their use in a differentiated form leads to fusion of the cartilaginous substitute to the underlying cartilage. All these results confirm the relevance of the development of such strategies in the equine model
Aroussi, Abdelkrim. "Détection de l’ADN de Toxoplasma gondii et évaluation des performances de deux tests sérologiques dans la viande équine vendue dans les supermarchés en France." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0026/document.
Full textIn France, some cases of severe toxoplasmosis have been linked to the consumption of horse meat that had been imported from the American continent where atypical strains of Toxoplasma gondii are more common than in Europe. Many seroprevalence studies exist in the literature but the risk assessment of T. gondii infection after horse meat consumption is impossible because of the absence of validation of serological tests and the unknown correlation between detection of antibodies against T. gondii and presence of tissue cysts. We performed magnetic capture-polymerase chain reaction (MC-PCR) to detect T. gondii DNA in 231 horse meat samples purchased in supermarkets in France and evaluated the performance and level of agreement of the modified agglutination test (MAT) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the meat juices. We also tested 196 horse sera from - institut français du cheval et de l'équitation, Chamberet, France - to assess the accuracy of ELISA, MAT and immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The serological tests lacked sensitivity, specificity, agreement between them, and there was no correlation with the presence of T. gondii DNA in horse meat, raising concerns about the reliability of T. gondii seroprevalence data in horses from the literature. T. gondii DNA was detected in 43% of horse meat samples but the absence of strain isolation in mice from more than 100 horse meat samples suggest a low distribution of cysts in skeletal muscles and a low risk of T. gondii infection associated with horse meat consumption. However, to avoid any risk of toxoplasmosis, a thorough cooking of horse meat is recommended
Hebia-Fellah, Imen Chahrazed. "Études des risques de transmission des herpesvirus équins de la rhinopneumonie par le sperme et les embryons : premières approches." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S155.
Full textEquine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) induces disease with reproductive signs in mares: abortion. The aim of this study is to explore the sexual transmission of EHV-1 and EHV-4 by semen and transmission of EHV-1 by embryos. These results shows, at first time, that equine embryos aged between 6. 5, days (surrounded by zona pellucida ZP) and 8 days (surrounded by capsule) show a great tendency to remain associated with EHV-1 after in vitro exposure to the EHV-1. This study demonstrates that protocol recommended by European and Fresh rules about equine embryo transfer: lavages embryos after recovery and before the transfer, is not efficient to decontaminate embryos previously exposed in vitro to EHV-1. However, trypsine treatment was efficient to remove EHV-1 from embryos with ZP (D 6. 5), but not from embryos surrounded by capsule (D 8). EHV-1 DNA was detected by PCR from semen samples. On the other hand, EHV-4 seems to be not excreted in semen. DNA virus was also detected by PCR in two samples from 60 stallions testis
Zientara, Stéphan. "Epidémiologie moléculaire du virus de la peste équine : étude de la diversité génomique des souches par amplification génique, séquencage et comparaison de la séquence du fragment 10." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0466_ZIENTARA.pdf.
Full textBailly-Chouriberry, Ludovic. "Détection de l'administration de l'hormone de croissance équine recombinante : application au contrôle antidopage dans les courses hippiques." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=2fe63984-119d-4e86-a3bc-b18b7c78b87e.
Full textThe growth hormone is a peptidic molecule with anabolic activity potentially used to improve horse athletic efficiency and to increase the production profitability of farm animals. However, the legislation is very strict and the use of this molecule or its recombinant form is strictly forbidden by the races code and the European directives in force. The problem is that no reliable direct method exists to detect this molecule present at trace levels in plasma (µg. L-1) in order to comply the regulation. In this context, this PhD thesis work enabled the development of two methods, one direct and one indirect, for the detection of recombinant equine growth hormone (reGH) misuse in horses. The direct detection method of reGH was obtained with the development of a new analytical strategy based on LC-ESI-(+)-MS/MS through the identification by mass spectrometry of the N-terminal peptide, characteristic of the recombinant form. The indirect method was developed by ELISA to detect the production of anti-reGH antibodies consecutive to a treatment with reGH. The results obtained, namely the direct detection of reGH in plasma at 1 µg. L-1 and the anti-reGH antibodies detection up to five months after treatment, allow to consider an immediate application in illegal administration of this molecule to race horses and food producing animals
Pradier, Sophie. "Circulation enzootique du virus West Nile en population équine : identification de facteurs de risque environnementaux en Camargue, France." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00605812.
Full textBubanj, Stojiljkovic Natali. "Développement d'une approche métabolomique basée sur la LC-HRMS pour le dépistage des stéroïdes anabolisants dans l'urine équine." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066057.
Full textMetabolomic is an emerging field of “omics” research. Initially, metabolomic studies were conducted in the fields of medicine, biotechnologies or system biology, but nowadays its application is spread out on new areas such as doping control. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relevance of such approach for the global screening of anabolic steroids in the horse, through the case of stanozolol, an exogenous anabolic steroid. The present PhD thesis work has three principle axes of study: i) methodology evaluation with emphasis on the sample treatment of biological matrix such as horse urine; ii) identification of confounding factors through one year cohort study of sixteen horses in their accustomed environment; iii) development of method able to discriminate two groups of subjects: stanozolol-treated and untreated population through eight months case-control study of sixteen horses by multivariate data analysis. Urine samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/HRMS). Data treatment was carried out with XCMS R package and multivariate statistical analysis with SIMCA P12 software. A metabolic signature that is characteristic of stanozolol exposure obtained by developed method could be used to single out putative drug metabolites. After hypothesis-free determination of biomarkers and their identification, they can be applied for the screening of drug abuse. The potential of non-targeted metabolomics, as powerful screening tool, is encouraging and gives large-scale opportunities in discovering novel and/or emerging drugs
Martin, Lydie. "Développement et caractérisation d'un modèle d'infection non lytique de cellules de Leydig par le virus de l'Artérite Virale Equine." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC201.
Full textEquine Arteritis Virus (EAV) is a positive-strand RNA virus, which belongs to the Arteriviridae familly, in the Nidovirales order. It is an equid specific virus that can be transmitted by respiratory and venereal routes. During primary infection, EAV can induce flu-like clinical signs, but worse, it may also cause the abortion of pregnant mares and newborn foal death. EAV is therefore a main economic challenge for the horse industry. Following primary infection, this virus is able to persist in the reproductive tract of some stallions. The mechanisms of this persistence remain unknown.During this thesis, the first in vitro model of an EAV non-lytic infection of a male reproductive tract cell line has been developed. EAV infection of these Leydig cells induced the expression of numerous innate immune genes including those coding for pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which could recruit innate immune cells to testicles and which could explain the orchitis observed in some stallions during primary infection.For persistently infected stallions, castration and anti-GnRH treatments can suppress EAV persistence, suggesting an involvement of testosterone in the virus persistence. Since TM3 cells express the androgen receptor, treatment trials have been performed. The first preliminary results suggest TM3 cells do not respond to the hormonal stimulus, or only a little. However, pretreatment trials should be realized to study the consequences on the viral cycle.Nevertheless, this non-lytic infection model is still an interesting model that can be used to study the host-pathogen relationship and that could help understanding the mechanisms involved in EAV persistence
Brard, Sophie. "Quel cadre théorique et pratique pour l'utilisation de la sélection génomique dans l'amélioration génétique des chevaux ?" Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0083/document.
Full textGenomic selection uses genotypes information instead of pedigree information for the estimation of breeding values. In dairy cattle, the selection schemes were greatly improved with this method. In horses, a first attempt of genomic selection showed that the evaluation accuracy was not much improved when using genotypes information compared to classic evaluation, possibly because of the structure of the reference and validation populations. The objective of the thesis was to define the theoretical and practical conditions for the use of genomic selection in horses. The theoretical work of the thesis consisted in a meta-analysis to understand the relation between observed and theoretical accuracy depending on the parameters of the population. We proved the importance of the effective number of independent segments in the genome Me. This parameter is specific of the population and of the genomic structure and relationship structure. We recommend to estimate this parameter before genomic evaluation, just like heritability that is estimated before genetic evaluation. Regarding practical tasks of the thesis, the first solution to improve the breeding values estimation for jumping performances was to look for genes having a major effect on performances in jumping competitions and three-day’s events, but no major gene was evidence in spite of significant detections. The 2nd solution was to perform a single-step evaluation. This method combines information from genotyped stallions and from the pedigree of the whole population. Even if the heritability was re-estimated and points distributed to all horses to have a homogeneous criteria, the accuracy of genomic evaluation was not much improved. Genomic selection was also tested on horses running endurance races, but as for jumping the accuracy was not high enough. Recently, a major gene having a huge effect on the ability of horses to trot was evidenced (DMRT3). Even if one allele has a negative effect on qualification and early earnings, French Trotter (FT) is still heterozygote because of a positive effect of this allele on late performances. Genetic and genomic evaluations were compared with or without using in the model a SNP linked to DMRT3 as a fixed effect. This study allowed identifying the best combination of model and method to use for estimation of FT breeding values. Finally, the parameter Me was estimated in the populations of horses used in the thesis. The results of genomic evaluations were compared according to Me and the other parameters having an influence on the accuracy of genomic evaluations. Two new projects will genotype more jumping horses and FT, they should allow to improve the accuracy of genomic evaluation for jumping horses and to acknowledge the interest of using DMRT3 in the genomic evaluation of FT
Peyrou, Mathieu. "Pharmacocinétique de population de la marbofloxacine chez le cheval." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14308.
Full textDavid, Florent. "Expression des cytokines par le chondrocyte équin stimulé avec IL-1[beta]." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18026.
Full textRoy, Marie-Andrée. "Incidence des ulcères gastriques et analyse des facteurs de risque chez le cheval Standardbred lors d'un entraînement progressif." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14309.
Full textPouyet, Morgane. "Mise au point d’une technique de sinusoscopie peu invasive chez le cheval." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22609.
Full textParanasal sinus disease is the most common cause of unilateral nasal discharge in horses. However, achieving a definitive diagnosis using radiology and endoscopy is difficult due to the complex anatomy of the sinuses, and the use of computed tomography (gold standard) is often limited due to its cost and low availability. Consequently, sinoscopy is often the available diagnostic technique with the highest diagnostic rate (70%) but it remains invasive (10 to 15 mm trepanation) and unpractical in some cases. Our hypothesis is that the development of a minimally invasive sinoscopic technique (MIST), performed through a mini-trepanation with a 14G needle (2 mm trephination) and combined with the use of a novel flexible 2mm diameter endoscope, can allow an exhaustive evaluation of the paranasal sinuses. During the first two cadaveric phases of the project, we determined the exact anatomic landmarks to perform the mini-trepanation in the different sinuses, and the visualization of the different sinus compartments was assessed by attributing a score to each sinusal structure. In the last phase of the study, the MIST was performed on standing sedated horses to determine the feasibility and possible complications associated to the technique. The landmarks determined in the first phase allowed a thorough evaluation of the sinuses in the following phases. The horses tolerated well the procedure and no serious complications were reported. The technique developed during this study is easy to perform and could facilitate the diagnosis of paranasal sinus diseases for all veterinarians specialized or not.
Farley, Judith. "Co-expression de la prostaglandine e synthétase microsomale-1 et de la cyclo-oxygénase-2 par des chondrocytes articulaires équins suivant une stimulation par l'interleukine-1[bêta]." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17495.
Full textMurcia, Robayo Ruby Yoana. "L’effet de l'interleukine-17 sur la survie et la glucocorticorésistance du neutrophile équin." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13844.
Full textGlucocorticoids are the most potent drugs for the control of the airway obstruction present in heaves and asthma, although the airway neutrophilia persist with these agents. It was previously reported that human and equine’s peripheral blood neutrophils are sensitive to glucocorticoid. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine contributing to glucocorticoid insensitivity airway epithelial cells in human. We therefore hypothesized that IL-17 has a similar effect on neutrophils and contributes to the persistence of these cells in the airways in response to glucocorticoid therapy. In this study, we evaluated: 1. The expression of both subunits of IL-17 receptor (IL-17RA/ IL-17RC) in highly purified neutrophils. 2. The gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in neutrophils to assess their activation by IL-17 and their effect in these cells treated with glucocorticoids. 3. The effects of IL-17 on the viability and apoptosis in neutrophils were performed. Results showed that 1. Equine neutrophils express IL-17RA and IL-17RC at transcriptional at protein level. 2. IL-17 induces a selective activation in neutrophils, which results in an upregulation of IL-8, not attenuated by dexamethasone and finally, 3. IL-17 increases the viability of neutrophils stimulated with LPS by a decrease in apoptosis. Our results indicate that IL-17 directly activates neutrophils to upregulate IL-8, a potent neutrophils chemoattractant, and that this response is not prevented by glucocorticoids. They also suggest a possible role of IL-17 in the persistence of neutrophils in the asthmatic airways by decreasing apoptosis.
Cluzel, Caroline. "Développement du cartilage articulaire équin du fœtus à l’adulte : imagerie par résonance magnétique et microscopie en lumière polarisée." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9681.
Full textAdult articular cartilage has a zonal or layered structure, created by the predominant collagen fibre orientation (Benninghoff, 1925). Before reaching the classical “Benninghoff structure”, major changes take place with maturation from juvenile to adult cartilage (Julkunen et al., 2010; Lecocq et al., 2008). However, there have been few studies addressing the in utero collagen structure of articular cartilage. Our objective was to study the maturation of the distal femoral epiphysis articular surface, employing both magnetic resonance imaging and polarized light microscopy with picrosirius red staining, at sites employed for cartilage repair studies or susceptible to osteochondrosis to describe normal development of the spatial architecture of the collagen network at these sites and the relationship between magnetic resonance images and histology. Samples were harvested from five sites from the distal femoral epiphysis of 14 fetuses and 10 foals and adults, after the stifle was imaged with magnetic resonance imaging. Sections were stained with picrosirius red to determine the structural arrangement of the type II collagen fibres. Both magnetic resonance imaging and polarized light microscopy revealed an early progressive structural laminar/zonal organization of the collagen network, prior to birth and postnatal load-bearing.
Fortin-Trahan, Rosalie. "Les ostéoclastes et leur rôle dans le développement des kystes sous-chondraux du condyle fémoral médial équin juvénile." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25684.
Full textThere is a knowledge gap concerning how and when equine medial femoral condyle (MFC) subchondral radiolucencies (SR) arise and evolve. Osteoclasts, the only cells capable of bone resorption, are believed to have a role, but have not been studied in situ. The objectives of this ex vivo cadaveric study were to measure and compare the osteoclast density and the percentage of chondroclasts in juvenile (<1 year) Thoroughbred MFCs at varying depths from the weightbearing articular surface in both healthy and early spontaneous MFC SR specimens. The MFCs were available in a tissue bank and were part of a prior study of the structural characteristics of SRs. Computed tomography permitted identification of MFC SR (n=6) and guided osteochondral slab sections. Controls included a histologically normal site caudal to the lesions (n=6) and the healthy contralateral MFC lesion site (n=5). Following decalcification, paraffin embedding sections were cut and stained immunohistochemically with Cathepsin K to permit osteoclast identification and counting. The sections were divided into regions of interest (ROI) at different depths in the subchondral bone from the osteochondral junction: ROI1 (0-1mm), ROI2 (1-3mm) and ROI3 (3-6mm). Osteoclasts were counted in each ROI in order to calculate an osteoclast density. A Safranin-O counterstain was performed to identify the cartilage and measure the chondroclasts percentage. Osteoclast density was significantly higher in ROI1 when compared with ROI3 in all groups. When ROIs were compared between the three groups, no statistically significant differences were detected, even if a visible pattern difference and higher osteoclast density values were recorded in ROI1 in SRs. However, although the proportion of chondroclasts in ROI1 was lower in the SR sections when compared with controls, no significant difference was detected. The main limitation was the limited sample size. Osteoclasts are important actors in MFC subchondral bone development, digesting both growth cartilage (chondroclasts) and bone, but the pathophysiology of early MFC SRs cannot be explained solely by an increased osteoclast presence in the peripheral subchondral bone.
Théroux, Kathleen. "Identification et caractérisation des principaux fragments du collagène de type II du cartilage équin, produit in vitro par l'enzyme cathepsine K." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10454.
Full textThe proteolytic degradation of type II collagen is believed to be mainly an irreversible event in the process of cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Cathepsin K is the most active enzyme protease outside the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family (MMP 13, -8, -1) capable of degrading the intact triple helical type II collagen. The short term objective of our study was to characterize the specific cleavage sites of CK on type II collagen. Our long term goal is to develop antibodies specific to these sites to develop biomarkers to detect it’s cleavage, for the early diagnosis of OA. Thus, in order to achieve our first goal, Cathepsin K cleavage of equine type II collagen was first examined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Molecular characterization of proteolytic fragments, and therefore cleavage sites, was performed using tryptic digestion followed by LC-ESI/MS analysis to establish a comprehensive peptide map which was used as a template to identify specific proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin K. Comprehensive peptide mapping provided information on post-translational modifications and permitted the identification of 48 proline (P) and 5 lysine (K) residues that were subject to post translational modification. Six major fragments were observed on 1D SDS-PAGE and confirmed by HPLC-ESI/MS including F1 [189-190], F2 [252-253], F3 [326-327], F4 [428-429], F5 [563-564] and F6 [824-825]. The observed F1 fragment showed that cleavage was three residues N-terminal to the site reported previously for bovine type II collagen. These new findings will be used to develop new analytical methods to quantify biomarkers associate to equine type II collagen degradation in osteoarthritis patient and/or to support the development of new treatments.
Fontaine, Pascal. "Description du développement épiphysaire du tarse et du grasset équin à l’IRM et au CT : un pas vers la compréhension de l’OCD." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10770.
Full textOsteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is a focal failure of endochondral ossification of the epiphysis characterized by the presence of cartilage flaps and osteochondral fragments. This disease has a major impact on equine athletic performances. The two current principal hypotheses on etiopathogenesis are either an ischemic necrosis of growth cartilage or altered cartilage type II collagen metabolism. Despite years of research, many knowledge gaps on the etiology of this disease remain. The objective of this study was to image epiphyseal development in the equine pelvic limb to determine whether there was a variation in site maturation that could be a predisposing factor for OCD. Pelvic limbs (fetuses and foals) were studied post-mortem. The epiphyses of the distal femur, tibia and talus were scanned with computed tomography (CT) and 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the degree and pattern of ossification, the regularity of the ossification front and cartilage percentage (articular epiphyseal cartilage thickness as a percentage of total epiphyseal diameter) at predetermined sites. The secondary ossification centers (SOC) were first identified in the femoral epiphyses at 7 months of gestation (MOG), and both distal tibia and talus at 8 MOG. At 8-9 MOG the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur, medial malleolus of the tibia (MM), cranial part of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia (DIRT(Cr)), all OCD susceptible sites, had the greatest cartilage percentage compared to all other sites assessed. Post-partum, the cartilage percentage of the MM and DIRT(Cr), common sites of OCD, remained high. CT and MRI images illustrate equine epiphyseal development and provide additional evidence that greater cartilage thickness at specific joint sites could play a role in the development of OCD.
Aguiar, Christie. "Immune potential and differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells (eiPSC)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11943.
Full textLes cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSC) ont la capacité de s'auto renouveler et de se différencier en une myriade de types cellulaires, ce qui en fait des outils intéressants pour la thérapie cellulaire et la médecine régénérative. Le but de cette thèse était de déterminer les caractéristiques des iPSC équines (eiPSC) qui peuvent être exploitées pour l'usage potentiel en médecine régénérative vétérinaire. Chez le cheval, une plaie cutanée est souvent cicatrisée par seconde intention et est sujette à de nombreuses complications lorsque située sur le membre, notamment une épithélialisation lente. Ainsi, l'hypothèse globale de cette thèse était que les eiPSC pourraient offrir une solution novatrice de couverture pour de telles blessures. Avant d'envisager l’utilisation d'eiPSC à des fins cliniques, leur immunogénicité doit être étudiée afin de s'assurer que les cellules transplantées seront acceptées et intégrées dans les tissus du receveur. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de définir la réponse immunitaire suscitée par les eiPSC. Afin d'étudier l'immunogénicité d'eiPSC, l'expression de molécules du complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité (MHC) des lignes choisies a été déterminée, puis les cellules ont été utilisées dans un modèle de transplantation intradermique développé pour cette étude. Bien que la transplantation allogénique d'eiPSC non différenciées ait induit une réponse cellulaire modérée chez les chevaux d'expérimentation, elle n'a pas provoqué de rejet. Cette stratégie a permis la sélection de lignées d'eiPSC faiblement immunogènes pour la différenciation ultérieure en des lignées d'importance thérapeutique. Les eiPSC représentent une solution intéressante et qui, par l’entremise du développement d’une lignée de kératinocytes, pourraient servir à la création d’une greffe ayant la capacité de former non seulement l’épithélium manquant mais aussi d'autres structures accessoires de l'épiderme. Le deuxième objectif de cette thèse était donc de iv développer un protocole pour la différentiation des eiPSC en lignée de kératinocytes. Un protocole visant cette différenciation fut ainsi développé et ce dernier a démontré une grande efficacité à produire le phénotype attendu dans une période de 30 jours. En effet, les kératinocytes dérivés d'eiPSC (eiPSC-KC) ont montré des caractéristiques morphologiques et fonctionnelles des kératinocytes primaires équins (PEK). En outre, la capacité de prolifération d'eiPSC-KC est supérieure tandis que la capacité migratoire, mesurée comme l'aptitude à cicatriser les plaies in vitro, est comparable à celle du PEK. En conclusion, les eiPSC-KC ont des caractéristiques intéressantes pour le développement d'un substitut cutané à base de cellules souches, ayant le potentiel de régénérer la peau perdue lors de trauma ou de maladie, chez le cheval. Cependant, parce que les eiPSC n'échappent pas totalement à la surveillance immunitaire, malgré une faible expression du MHC, des stratégies pour améliorer la prise de greffe eiPSC-KC doivent être élaborées.
Herteman, Nicolas. "Hétérogénéité des neutrophiles dans l’asthme équin." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18648.
Full textLow-density granulocytes (LDGs) are a subset of neutrophils first described in the bloodstream upon pathological conditions. However, several studies also reported the presence of these cells in the blood of healthy patients. Whether LDGs characteristics, especially their enhanced pro-inflammatory profile, are specific to this subset of neutrophils and not related to disease states is unknown. Thus, we sought to compare the properties of LDGs to those of autologous normal-density neutrophils (NDNs), in both health and disease. We studied 8 horses with severe equine asthma and 11 healthy animals. Neutrophil morphology was studied using optical microscopy, and content in myeloperoxidase and N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine receptors (fMLP-R) evaluated using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Confocal microscopy was used to determine their functional capacity to spontaneously release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) stimulating with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). LDGs were smaller and contained more fMLP-R than NDNs, but myeloperoxidase content was similar in both populations of neutrophils. They also had an increased capacity to produce NETs, and were more sensitive to activation stimuli. These characteristics were similar in both healthy and diseased horses, suggesting that these are intrinsic properties of LDGs. Furthermore, these results suggest that LDGs represent a population of primed and predominantly mature cells. Our study is the first to characterize LDGs in health, and to compare their characteristics with those of animals with a naturally occurring disease.
Vinardell, Tatiana. "Le rôle de la cathepsine K dans le développement de l'ostéoarthrose équine." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8238.
Full textLecocq, Marie. "Changements matriciels dans le cartilage de l'épiphyse en développement : un événement précoce dans la pathogénie de l'ostéochondrose équine ?" Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7171.
Full textPicandet, Valérie. "Comparaison de l'isofluprédone et de la dexaméthasone dans le traitement du souffle chez le cheval." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17832.
Full textOlive, Julien. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique de l'ostéoarthrose métacarpo-phalangienne équine : évaluation des paramètres non-cartilagineux." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7180.
Full textBen, Hamouda Selma. "Mise au point d’un protocole de recellularisation d’une matrice bronchique équine décellularisée." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21864.
Full textMuñoz, Diaz Trohadio Tomás. "Étude des effets secondaires associés à un traitement prolongé de fluticasone inhalée chez les chevaux atteints de souffle (asthme équin)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3499.
Full textRecurrent Airways Obstruction (RAO) is a small airways inflammatory disease, very common in horses stabled in mouldy-dusty hay and straw environments. The clinical signs are prevented by environmental control, relieved by systemic and inhaled corticosteroids. Our objectives were to determine whether inhaled corticosteroids cause a suppression of cortisol levels and gastric ulceration in RAO horses treated with fluticasone 2000μg (Flovant HFA®) BID for 6 months and 2000μg SID for another 6 months. Five (5) healthy horses were used as controls and eleven (11) RAO affected horses were stabled in a moldy-dusty environment to induce disease exacerbation. Once they were symptomatic, they were divided into two groups, the treated group was kept on hay/straw and the untreated group was fed with pellets food and bedded on wood shavings six months. Afterwards, all horses were pasture for the next 6 months. Serum cortisol was mesured by Immuno-essai enzymatique par chimiluminescence (CEIA, Immunolite 1000®, Siemmens) 12, 10 days before and 7, 28, 80, 160, 200, 250, 290, 320 days after treatment initiation, in order to determine cortisol suppression. Fluticasone administered twice a day reduces blood cortisol levels after 28, 80 and 160 days, but did not cause any change in gastric ulcers. However, pellets slightly increased gastric ulcer scores in healthy horses.
Bessonnat, Amandine. "Évaluation du remodelage des voies respiratoires centrales de chevaux asthmatiques légers/modérés." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22605.
Full textde, Lagarde Maud. "Prévalence, facteurs de risque et mécanismes de dissémination des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques, l’espèce équine et l’espèce porcine ont été étudiées en insistant particulièrement sur les antibiotiques de haute importance en médecine humaine dans chaque filière (céphalosporines de 3e génération et fluoroquinolones respectivement)." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25515.
Full textAntimicrobial resistance has become an essential issue in the last decades because of the extensive use of antimicrobials in numerous sectors. In order to follow the OneHealth approach, it is critical to have a precise picture of each situation, to adjust recommendations and prevent resistance gene dissemination as well as plasmid and clone spread. Our objectives were adapted to the animal populations under study. Therefore, our results were compatible with each sector. In the equine sector, we quantified phenotypic resistance and identified β-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC) genes present in the intestinal microbiome of healthy horses and we identified risk factors associated with their carriage both in France and in Quebec. Then, in France we characterized ESBL/AmpC gene spread mechanisms. We demonstrated that commensal E. coli originating from the feces of healthy horses were mostly non-susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and streptomycin. The presence of multidrug resistant E. coli and of E. coli carrying ESBL/AmpC genes was found in around 45% and 8% of horses respectively. The most frequently detected gene was blaCTX-M-1, although blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-14 were also identified in France. The AmpC gene blaCMY-2 was identified in both localities. Medical treatment, staff number, activity, and participation in an equestrian event within the last three months were identified as risk factors for MDR or ESBL/AmpC E. coli. In France, commensal E. coli from healthy horses most commonly possessed the IncHI1-ST9 plasmid. This plasmid carries blaCTX-M-1/2 genes and the fos operon. For the swine sector in Quebec, our objectives were to gather data provided by the Animal pathogenic and zoonotic E. coli (APZEC) database between 2008 and 2017, to assess the presence of a spatio-temporal cluster for enrofloxacin non-susceptible ETEC:F4 and to characterize these isolates and the mobile genetic elements they carry. Enrofloxacin is an antibiotic classified as highly important in human medicine and as such needs to come under higher scrutiny. For this sector, we demonstrated that more than 90% of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) isolates from diseased swine submitted to the EcL between 2008 and 2016, were multidrug resistant. The main virotype in 2014 was LT:STb:F4. It was subsequently replaced by the LT:STb:STa:F4 virotype. A spatio-temporal cluster of LT:STb:STa:F4 isolates non-susceptible to enrofloxacin was detected between 04/2015 and 09/2016 in the centre of the Monteregie region. These isolates constituted an ETEC:F4 high risk enrofloxacin non-susceptible clone, which has been spreading in North America since 2013. Isolates belonging to this clone are ST100, O149H10, phylogroup A, and fimH gene negative. These isolates are multidrug resistant and associated with a higher pathogenicity and virulence than isolates detected before 2000. They all carry the incFII replicon. Resistance and mechanisms of dissemination are different according to the animal species being studied. This is likely due to different patterns of antimicrobial use in each industry and possible interactions with different protagonists in contact with the animals. It is essential to understand the situation for each animal species in order to adapt recommendations for efficiently limiting the spread of resistance genes, plasmids and clones.