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Journal articles on the topic 'Equine-Assisted Activites and Therapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Murphy, Lynne, Jacqueline Wilson, and Stacey Greenberg. "Equine-Assisted Experiential Learning in Occupational Therapy Education." Journal of Experiential Education 40, no. 4 (June 16, 2017): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053825917712732.

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Equine-assisted occupational therapy (EAOT) employs horse and human cooperation in activities that facilitate social, emotional, and cognitive development. The potential benefits of equine-assisted activities for students may influence the development of these types of skills in professional occupational therapy practice. This study explored the experience of students who participated in EAOT, related to problem-solving skills, analysis of activities, tolerance for ambiguity, effective communication, and reflection skills. Sixty occupational therapy students participated in EAOT, and completed a pretest and posttest survey regarding the experience. Changes in students’ perceptions of comfort with ambiguity, problem solving, reflection, and activity analysis skills were examined. Student responses to broad questions allowed for thematic review of the benefits and challenges of this form of experiential learning. Students were initially fearful of experiential learning; however, a statistically significant improvement in tolerance to ambiguity was identified following the session. In addition, students perceived improved problem-solving skills, ability to analyze activities, and more effective communication skills. Clear benefits were identified in the equine-assisted experience for occupational therapy students. Additional study is warranted to allow for objective measures of tolerance for ambiguity and to explore additional learning outcomes related to readiness for clinical practice.

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2

Clayton, H. M., L. J. Kaiser, B. de Pue, and L. Kaiser. "Center-of-Pressure Movements During Equine-Assisted Activities." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 65, no. 2 (February 24, 2011): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2011.000851.

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3

Lee, Kathy, Holly Dabelko-Schoeny, Holly Jedlicka, and Teresa Burns. "Older Adults’ Perceived Benefits of Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy: Implications for Social Work." Research on Social Work Practice 30, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731519890399.

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The purpose of this study was to explore participants’ perceived benefits of equine-assisted psychotherapy and to understand if older adults with functional or cognitive impairment found meaning and purpose in their interactions with horses. This study employed a mixed methods study design with a concurrent triangulation approach. The findings from our study suggest that those impacted with functional or cognitive impairment can meaningfully engage in EAGALA model of equine-assisted psychotherapy and demonstrate the ability to find purpose from their experience. Their perceived benefits were not limited to their interactions with horses but instead wide-ranging, including positive influences from their peers, the outdoor environment associated with equine-assisted activities, and the increased level of social interactions through reminiscence. Social workers can serve a vital role in the use of equine-assisted psychotherapy among older adults, and equine-assisted psychotherapy may hold less stigma than traditional talk therapy to the older adult population.

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4

LeVan, David, Katherine Kiss, Jessica Gaffney, Alexandra LaDuke, Lauren Flint, and Anna Lacy. "Saddle Up for Success: Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapy Program Evaluation Survey." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 74, no. 4_Supplement_1 (August 1, 2020): 7411500016p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74s1-po2403.

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5

Kemeny, Martha E., Deborah Hutchins, and Courtney Gramlich. "COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF CANINE- OR EQUINE-ASSISTED THERAPY FOR RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.440.

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Abstract Older adults with dementia may manifest symptoms such as apathy, withdrawal, and aggressive actions (NIA, 2019). Even surrounded by people in LTC, residents with dementia may lack social engagement. Non-pharmacologic approaches are promising (Brodaty & Arasaratnam, 2012) and are reflected in the newer CMS F-tag guidelines (CMS, 2017), but there remains a gap in research about the most effective approaches for LTC residents. Limited research exists on animal-assisted interventions (AAI) as a non-pharmacological approach to increase engagement in people with dementia (Friedman, Thomas & Chung, 2015; Huff-Mercer, 2015) and no known research compares equine- and canine-assisted therapy protocols. This study employed a within-subject alternating-treatments design for three single subjects. Completing the similar tasks of grooming, walking, and interaction, the independent variables are two conditions: 1) Condition A: Equine-assisted activity 2) Condition B: Canine-assisted activity. Using the Dementia Interview Rating (Strauss & Sperry, 2002), apathy was measured before and after each phase. During each session, three outcomes were measured: 1) Engagement in Preferred Activities Scale (Nelson et al., 2014) was used to measure the level of engagement in the interaction; 2) Heart rate variability, a measure of coherence, was measured using the Emwave pro (Heart Math Institute, 2018), and 3) targeted observed social responsiveness (initiation, verbal response, non-verbal response, motor response to one-step instructions) using a smart tablet application. Preliminary results suggest past experience/preference impact the individual client’s response to differing protocols. Effective non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with dementia are an essential alternative to current practice.

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6

Jang, Byongsu, Jihye Song, Jiwon Kim, Seonwoo Kim, Jiyoung Lee, Hye-Yeon Shin, Jeong-Yi Kwon, Yun-Hee Kim, and Yoo-Sook Joung. "Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapy for Treating Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 21, no. 9 (September 2015): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0067.

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7

Mahoney, Emily, Diane Long, and Tina Caswell. "Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Lived Experience." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, Supplement_2 (August 1, 2021): 7512505093p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.75s2-po93.

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8

Newton-Cromwell, S. A., B. D. McSpadden, and R. Johnson. "177 Incorporating experiential learning for equine-assisted activities and therapies with an in-house equine therapy program for veterans." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35, no. 5 (May 2015): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.190.

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9

Wehofer, Lisa, Nicole Goodson, and Tim L. Shurtleff. "Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies: A Case Study of an Older Adult." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics 31, no. 1 (February 18, 2013): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02703181.2013.766916.

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10

Abbott, Gabrielle, Kathi Jogan, Erin L. Oberhaus, Jason Apple, and Charles Rosenkrans. "19 Comparing stress indicators of horses used for therapy in riding activities and groundwork activities." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.083.

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Abstract Equine therapy is used to assist people suffering from various physical and mental disabilities. Equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) include therapeutic riding and hippotherapy. Our objective was to determine the effects of EAAT on horse heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and serum cortisol. Horses (n = 7) were assigned to activity type (groundwork or riding) in a Latin square design in which all horses performed both activities twice. Heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and serum cortisol concentrations were determined at 15 minutes before, and 15, 45, and 75 minutes after activity was initiated. Pearson correlations revealed that cortisol was not correlated (r < 0.12; P > 0.22) with heart rate, respiration rate, or rectal temperature. Heart rate was correlated (P < 0.05) with respiration rate (r = 0.77) and body temperature (r = 0.2); and body temperature was correlated with respiration rate (r = 0.21; P < 0.05). Analysis of variance was performed with horse within date as the experimental unit, main effects of activity type, horse, date, experimental time, and interactions. Serum concentrations of cortisol (varied from 2.8 to 89.7 ng/mL) and body temperature (37.4 ± 0.06) were affected (P < 0.01) by an interaction between experimental time and horse. Heart rate (61 ± 2.1) and respiration rate (30 ± 1.4) were affected (P < 0.01) by interactions between experimental time and horse; and experimental time and activity type. Our results demonstrate that equine athletes serving in EAAT programs have altered physiological responses depending on the horse, type of activity, and length of time performing the task. Based on our results, cortisol concentrations are not the best indicator of a horse’s response to EAAT work, and we recommend that trainers monitor horses’ heart and respiration rates as an indicator of horse well-being while working with patients.

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11

Abbott, Gabrielle, Kathi Jogan, Erin L. Oberhaus, Jason Apple, and Charles Rosenkrans. "18 Comparing stress indicators of horses used for therapy in riding activities and groundwork activities." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.195.

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Abstract Equine therapy is used to assist people suffering from various physical and mental disabilities. Equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) include therapeutic riding and hippotherapy. Our objective was to determine the effects of EAAT on horse heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and serum cortisol. Horses (n = 7) were assigned to activity type (groundwork or riding) in a Latin square design in which all horses performed both activities twice. Heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and serum cortisol concentrations were determined at 15 minutes before, and 15, 45, and 75 minutes after activity was initiated. Pearson correlations revealed that cortisol was not correlated (r < 0.12; P > 0.22) with heart rate, respiration rate, or rectal temperature. Heart rate was correlated (P < 0.05) with respiration rate (r = 0.77) and body temperature (r = 0.2); and body temperature was correlated with respiration rate (r = 0.21; P < 0.05). Analysis of variance was performed with horse within date as the experimental unit, main effects of activity type, horse, date, experimental time, and interactions. Serum concentrations of cortisol (varied from 2.8 to 89.7 ng/mL) and body temperature (37.4 ± 0.06) were affected (P < 0.01) by an interaction between experimental time and horse. Heart rate (61 ± 2.1) and respiration rate (30 ± 1.4) were affected (P < 0.01) by interactions between experimental time and horse; and experimental time and activity type. Our results demonstrate that equine athletes serving in EAAT programs have altered physiological responses depending on the horse, type of activity, and length of time performing the task. Based on our results, cortisol concentrations are not the best indicator of a horse’s response to EAAT work, and we recommend that trainers monitor horses’ heart and respiration rates as an indicator of horse well-being while working with patients.

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12

Arrazola, Aitor, and Katrina Merkies. "Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071156.

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Equine-assisted activities (EAA) for human well-being and health rely on human–horse interactions for therapeutic effect. At-risk participants with mental and emotional difficulties can show poor social skills and functioning relationships, potentially leading to unsuccessful human–horse interaction in EAA. This study addresses the effect of the attachment style (AS) of at-risk adolescents on horse physiology and behaviour during an equine-facilitated learning (EFL) program. Thirty-three adolescents participated in a 10-week EFL program with nine therapy horses (the same therapy horse per adolescent throughout the program). Adolescent AS was categorized into secure (n = 7), preoccupied (n = 11), dismissing (n = 1), or fearful (n = 12) using an Experiences in Close Relationships – Relationship Structure questionnaire. Horse heart rate (HR) and behaviour (affiliative and avoidance behaviours) in response to adolescents were recorded during grooming and riding. Over time, horses with fearful AS adolescents showed consistently more affiliative behaviours compared to those with preoccupied AS adolescents during grooming, and more constant HR and avoidance behaviours compared to those with secure AS adolescents during riding. These results suggest that a more predictable and less stressful physiological and behavioural response of therapy horses toward participants in EAA with emotional and behavioural difficulties can be mediated by a human insecure attachment style.

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13

Mendonça, Tiago, Cécile Bienboire-Frosini, Izabela Kowalczyk, Julien Leclercq, Sana Arroub, and Patrick Pageat. "Equine Activities Influence Horses’ Responses to Different Stimuli: Could This Have an Impact on Equine Welfare?" Animals 9, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060290.

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The learning and cognitive challenges that horses may face differ according to the activities in which they are involved. The aim of this investigation was to study the influence of equine activities on the behavioral responses and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity of adult horses. Forty-one horses were divided into four groups: dressage (9), jumping (10), eventing (13) and equine-assisted activity/therapy (9). A test was created to compare the horses’ behavioral and physiological responses to different stimuli. The goal was always to obtain a treat. To study the ANS activity, heart rate variability was assessed using the standard deviation of the R-R intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between successive interbeat-intervals (RMSSD) and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF). To assess behavioral responses, video analysis was performed considering the following behaviors: exploration, interactions with another horse, and latency to approach. Significant differences in SDNN (DF = 3; F = 3.36; p = 0.0202), RMSSD (DF = 3; F = 4.09; p = 0.0078), LF/HF (DF = 3; F = 4.79; p = 0.0031), exploration (DF = 3; F = 5.79; p = 0.0013) and latency to approach (DF = 3; F = 8.97; p < 0.0001) were found among horses from different equine activities. The activity that adult horses practice appears to influence behavioral and physiological responses to different stimuli, thus impacting equine welfare.

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14

Bachi, Keren. "Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy: The Gap between Practice and Knowledge." Society & Animals 20, no. 4 (2012): 364–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341242.

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Abstract Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy (EFP) is widely used, and the uses to which it can be put are still being developed. However, existing knowledge about this field is insufficient, and most of the research suffers from methodological problems that compromise its rigor. This review will explore research into the linked fields of Animal-Assisted Therapy and Equine-Assisted Activities/Therapies (EAA/T) related to physical health. Existing knowledge of mental, emotional, and social applications of EAA/T is presented. Evaluation studies in the subfield suggest that people benefit from interventions with horses. However, these studies suffer from fundamental problems, such as small sample size and lack of control groups. Naturalistic inquiry about theoretical aspects highlights the fundamental role that human-horse relations play in EAA/T, but these studies exhibit deficiencies in theory development. A multimethod approach could promote knowledge development for EFP. Suggestions for future research concern methodological solutions to improve evaluation studies, use of grounded theory method to develop theory, as well as applying attachment theory to the human-horse context, which may offer insight about the underlying processes for change.

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15

Bloch, Elise, Ashni Franklin, Zoey Kramer, and Gianina Padua. "The Lived Experiences of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies (EAAT) on Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 73, no. 4_Supplement_1 (August 1, 2019): 7311515369p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2019.73s1-po6028.

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16

Lemke, Danielle, Erin Rothwell, Tara M. Newcomb, and Kathryn J. Swoboda. "Perceptions of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies by Parents and Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy." Pediatric Physical Therapy 26, no. 2 (2014): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000000027.

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17

Ozyurt, Gonca, Kursat Ozcan, Cagla Dinsever Elikucuk, Ugur Odek, and Selçuk Akpınar. "Equine Assisted Activities Have Positive Effects on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Family Functioning." Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 9, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.200909.

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18

Evans, H., M. Nicodemus, L. Irvin, C. Brunson, L. Beckman, E. Memili, and D. Jousan. "Volunteer impact in an equine-assisted activities and therapy program on confidence and knowledge in college students." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 76 (May 2019): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.164.

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19

Lim, Charmaine, and Manisha Sheth. "Impact of Equine-Assisted Activities on Quality of Life and Relational Skills for Older Adults With Dementia: A Mixed-Methodology Research." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, Supplement_2 (August 1, 2021): 7512520401p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.75s2-rp401.

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20

Czerwonka, Anne Karen, and Simone Pülschen. "English Article: Equine-assisted activities and therapy from the perspective of people with multiple sclerosis. Relevance and therapeutic effects." mensch & pferd international 8, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2378/mup2016.art10e.

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21

Oh, Kyoung-Su, and Sun-ju Sohn. "The Effects of Equine-assisted Activities and Therapy on Improving Maladjustment Behavior of Students in Juvenile Reformatory School PDF icon." Korean Juvenile Protection Review 30, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 162–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.35930/kjpr.30.4.5.

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22

Asya, Ulul Azmi, Huriati, Andi Adriana Amal, and Arbianingsih. "Occupational Therapy in Children with Special Needs: Systematic Review." Journal Of Nursing Practice 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v3i2.95.

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Background: Children with special needs are children who are significantly different from other children, they are physically, psychologically, cognitively and socially obstructed in achieving their goals and potential to the fullest such as autism.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the provision of effective occupational therapy in children with special needs.Methods: This research uses a quantitative descriptive design. Search for research articles in several databases using certain keywords in the period 2015-2019.Results: Search results obtained 1396 articles using occupational therapy, there were only 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria analyzed using the Duffy's Research Appraisal Checklist Approach and the 10 articles included in the superior paper category so that it was good for further analysis. Based on the results of Systematic Review shows that effective occupational therapy is given to children with special needs (Autism). Occupational therapy given is very varied, namely drawing, collage technique, buttoning clothes, remembering pictures, sensory oral motor stimulation. Motor skills acquisition training, Equine-Assisted Therapy / EAT, Sensory Integration Therapy / SIT.Conclusion: From the analysis of the article shows that all occupational therapy can help improve both physical and mental development in children with autism so that children with autism can carry out daily activities like children in general and improve their quality of life. Occupational therapy found in this review can be used as an intervention in overcoming Developmental problems in children with autism due to simple techniques using daily activities

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23

Trzmiel, Tomasz, Barbara Purandare, Michał Michalak, Ewa Zasadzka, and Mariola Pawlaczyk. "Equine assisted activities and therapies in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and a meta-analysis." Complementary Therapies in Medicine 42 (February 2019): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.11.004.

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24

Yoo, Jae Hyun, Yunhye Oh, Byongsu Jang, Jihye Song, Jiwon Kim, Seonwoo Kim, Jiyoung Lee, et al. "The Effects of Equine-assisted Activities and Therapy on Resting-state Brain Function in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study." Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 14, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2016.14.4.357.

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25

Ghumman, Usman, Chris Conrad, Marrium Z. Ghumman, and Carla Alvarado. "6.16 REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS STUDYING THE BENEFITS OF EQUINE-ASSISTED ACTIVITIES AND THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 59, no. 10 (October 2020): S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.111.

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26

MacLean, Barbara. "Equine-assisted therapy." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 48, no. 7 (2011): ix. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2011.05.0085.

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27

Nelson, Angie, Tania Signal, and Rachel Wilson. "Equine Assisted Therapy and Learning." Society & Animals 24, no. 4 (August 18, 2016): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341418.

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This study examines the practices of Equine Assisted Therapy and Learning in Australia. Among Equine Assisted Therapy (eat) and Equine Assisted Learning (eal) centers there is a large degree of variation in practice worldwide. The current study outlines a range of practices in two states in Australia whereeatandealhave arisen and evolved from models developed elsewhere. The philosophical foundations, training and certification processes followed along with the types and training of horses involved are compared across facilities. The findings of the study illustrated the large variation ineatandealin current practice in Australia. The results suggested that if the practices ofeatandealare to move out of the “fringe” of mental health and learning professional practice and into the mainstream, their theoretical underpinnings, certification and licensure procedures, and methodology of practice must become more clearly defined.

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28

Froeschle, Janet. "Empowering Abused Women Through Equine Assisted Career Therapy." Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2009): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15401380902945228.

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29

Mendonça, Tiago, Cécile Bienboire-Frosini, Fanny Menuge, Julien Leclercq, Céline Lafont-Lecuelle, Sana Arroub, and Patrick Pageat. "The Impact of Equine-Assisted Therapy on Equine Behavioral and Physiological Responses." Animals 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070409.

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Equine-assisted therapies (EATs) have been widely used in the treatment of patients with mental or physical conditions. However, studies on the influence of equine-assisted therapy (EAT) on equine welfare are very recent, and the need for further research is often highlighted. The aim of this study was to investigate whether EAT creates negative or positive emotions in horses, and the influence of patients’ expectations (one group of patients had physical and psychological expectations and one group of patients had only psychological expectations) on horses’ emotional responses. Fifty-eight pairs (patient–horse) were involved in this study. Behaviors and heart rate variability (HRV) data were collected during a resting phase, a preparation phase in which the patients brushed and saddled the horse, and a working phase. Behaviors and HRV were compared between phases and among the groups of patients. Our results suggested that the EAT in this study was neither a negative nor a positive event. EATs with patients who had both physical and psychological expectations were more challenging for horses than those with patients who had only psychological expectations. Further research should focus on providing horses with positive stimulation and reinforcement to understand whether a positive association with EAT can be achieved.

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30

Earles, Julie L., Laura L. Vernon, and Jeanne P. Yetz. "Equine-Assisted Therapy for Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms." Journal of Traumatic Stress 28, no. 2 (March 17, 2015): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.21990.

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31

Brady, H. A., H. M. Hernandez, and K. A. Guay. "The Status of Equine-Assisted Therapy Programs within Higher Education." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 31, no. 5-6 (May 2011): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.194.

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32

Nurenberg, Jeffry R., Steven J. Schleifer, Thomas M. Shaffer, Mary Yellin, Prital J. Desai, Ruchi Amin, Axel Bouchard, and Cristina Montalvo. "Animal-Assisted Therapy With Chronic Psychiatric Inpatients: Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy and Aggressive Behavior." Psychiatric Services 66, no. 1 (January 2015): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300524.

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33

Nurenberg, J. R., and S. J. Schleifer. "Equine assisted therapy for patients with severe chronic psychiatric disorders." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73030-9.

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Animal assisted therapy (AAT) is being used increasingly for patients with syndromes not responding adequately to traditional therapies (severe stress/anxiety reactions, interpersonal deficits, limited verbal skills, trauma, and violence). Some have suggested that larger animals, such as horses, may be more effective therapy enhancers for some patients than commonly employed smaller animals. We have been developing an AAT protocol at a 500 bed state psychiatric hospital in NJ, supported by observations of dramatic functional improvement with equine facilitated therapy (EFT) in some highly regressed or violent patients. Logistic issues in establishing an equine program in a psychiatric hospital include site development, animal/therapist selection and training, safety and liability; scheduling, and hospital staff integration with the equine therapists. EFT technique modifications have addressed the needs and limitations of chronic, highly regressed or violent patients. A clinical research project comparing 10 weekly EFT and canine-facilitated (CFT) group sessions in >100 patients is nearing completion. The background, principles, and practices of EFT will be reviewed as will its relative benefits compared with AATs such as CFT.Research findings will compare AAT groups and standard therapies with respect to psychological, behavioral, and functional outcomes (e.g., violent and regressed behaviors, hospital discharge). Clinical value vs costs, including unique benefits associated with AAT subtypes, will be presented.

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34

Wheeler, Charles F. "Harnessing the Power of Equine Assisted Counseling: Adding Animal Assisted Therapy to Your Practice." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 30, no. 2 (April 2013): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.30.2.206.

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35

Medeiros, Bethania da Rocha, Mariane Marques da Silva, Pauline Raquel Kriese Zanette, Marlise Pompeo Claus, and Jandenir Cardoso. "Miniature horse training (Equus caballus) for use in equine assisted therapy, according to equine learning theory." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2020.14.1.8932.

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36

Murphy, B. A. "Development of Equine Assisted Therapy and Learning as an Elective Module within an Irish Equine Curriculum." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 31, no. 5-6 (May 2011): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.195.

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37

Fontana, Rosane Teresinha, Mariliane Adriana Monteiro, Cristiana Fick, and Francine Zorzo. "Therapeutic process and perspectives about the practice of equine-assisted therapy." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2010): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.936-7326-1-le.0402201038.

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ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the perspectives of therapists before the therapeutic process and their views about the practice of equine-assisted therapy. Methodology: exploratory study from qualitative approach, performed in a Therapeutic Center, where are therapists health and educations professionals and volunteers of Psychology, Nursing, Education and Physical Education undergraduates. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire with 15 professionals, after the approval by the Ethics Committee of the Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and of Mission/Campus Santo Ângelo/RS (protocol 118-04/PPH/08). Results: data indicate promising prospects for professionals with work, especially because it is a new initiative designed to improve the quality of life for people with disabilities and special needs and to involve personal and professional growth, new learning and challenges to be overcome. Conclusion: we can observe satisfactory involvement of subjects in the therapeutic process with the prospect of exchanging knowledge and building new, and they are key actors in the therapeutic process of the practitioner. It is believed that such initiatives contribute to the promotion of health and creating healthy environments. Descriptors: therapy; patient care team; public health; equine-assisted therapy; delivery of health care; professional-family relations; nursing care.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar as perspectivas dos equoterapeutas diante do processo terapêutico e suas concepções acerca da prática da equoterapia. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de caráter qualitativo. Foi realizada em um Centro de Equoterapia, onde os equoterapeutas são profissionais de saúde e educação e voluntários dos cursos de Psicologia, Enfermagem, Pedagogia e Educação Física. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de um questionário, oferecido a 15 profissionais. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões/campus Santo Ângelo/RS, sob protocolo número 118-04/PPH/08. Resultados: os dados apontam perspectivas otimistas dos profissionais com o trabalho desenvolvido, especialmente porque se trata de uma nova iniciativa que pretende melhorar a qualidade de vida de portadores de deficiências e necessidades especiais, envolvem crescimento pessoal e profissional e novas aprendizagens, desafios a serem vencidos. Conclusão: pode-se observar envolvimento satisfatório dos sujeitos com o processo terapêutico com perspectivas de trocas de saberes e da construção de novos e, de que são atores importantes no processo terapêutico do praticante. Acredita-se que iniciativas desta natureza contribuem para a promoção da saúde e para a criação de ambientes saudáveis. Descritores: terapia; equipe de assistência ao paciente; saúde pública; terapia assistida por cavalos; assistência à saúde; relações profissional-família; cuidado de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar las perspectivas de terapeutas acerca del proceso terapéutico de La terapia asistida con caballos y sus puntos de vista acerca de la práctica. Metodología: este es un carácter exploratorio y cualitativo. Se celebró en un Centro de Equitación Terapéutica, donde terapeutas son profesionales de la salud y la educación y los voluntarios de cursos de Psicología, Enfermería, Educación y Educación Física. La recopilación de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario aplicado a quince profesionales. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad Regional Integrada del Alto Uruguay y de la Misiónes/ Campus Santo Ângelo/RS, con número de protocolo 118-04/PPH/08. Resultados: datos indican buenas perspectivas para los profesionales con el trabajo, especialmente porque es una nueva iniciativa destinada a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidades y necesidades especiales y la participación de crecimiento personal y profesional, el aprendizaje y nuevos desafíos por superar. Conclusión: se puede observar la participación satisfactoria de los sujetos en el proceso terapéutico con la posibilidad de intercambiar conocimientos y la creación de nuevos, y son actores clave en el proceso terapéutico. Se cree que estas iniciativas contribuyen a la promoción de la salud y la creación de ambientes saludables. Descriptores: terapia; grupo de atención al paciente; la salud pública; terapía asistida por caballos; prestación de atención de salud; relaciones profesional-familia; atención de enfermería.

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Dunlop, Katie, and Menka Tsantefski. "A space of safety: Children's experience of equine-assisted group therapy." Child & Family Social Work 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12378.

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Burk, S. V., and C. E. Gramlich. "163 College curricula valued by equine-assisted activity and therapy centers." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35, no. 5 (May 2015): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.176.

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Lotko, Marika. "Organization of animal-assisted therapy: From voluntary activities to work of professionals." SHS Web of Conferences 85 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208503005.

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Humankind has always known about the usefulness in integration of animals for the achievement of such routine goals as hunting, household and territory protection, transportation, scouting foreign territories and materials, and overcoming physical limitations. Animals are also highly valued as agents of socialisation resulting in the integration of various species in the work of various professions. Social work also increasingly makes use of professional activities involving animals while working with clients. Terms such as therapy animals, animal-assisted therapy, animal-assisted activities, and animal-assisted education are becoming more relevant in the daily work of social workers, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychotherapists and other professionals. Animals are more and more often found in hospitals, schools, care facilities, prisons and other settings. Animal-assisted therapy is a general term including various activities, causing difficulty to understand and differentiate between the types of therapy performed with various animal species, which creates the need to study the experience in ensuring work with therapy animals in various settings. The results obtained in this study reflect the experiences working with therapy animals of various professionals including the goal of integrating therapy animals in professional activity, the goal of the activity and the steps thereof, target groups and the expected results.

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Gaus, M., K. Rohn, and A. K. Roetting. "Applicability and effect of a vacuum-assisted wound therapy after median laparotomy in horses." Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine 33, no. 6 (2017): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21836/pem20170604.

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Nicodemus, M. "Student Confidence Levels in Horsemanship Skills Associated with a University Equine Assisted Therapy Course." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 31, no. 5-6 (May 2011): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.171.

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Bivens, Alex, Deb Leinart, Bradley Klontz, and Ted Klontz. "The Effectiveness of Equine-Assisted Experiential Therapy: Results of an Open Clinical Trial." Society & Animals 15, no. 3 (2007): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x217195.

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AbstractThis article describes an equine-assisted experiential therapy approach and presents treatment outcomes in 31 participants in an equine-assisted, experiential therapy program. Participants completed psychological measures prior to treatment, immediately following treatment, and 6 months after treatment. Reported reductions in psychological distress and enhancements in psychological well being were significant immediately following treatment and were stable at 6-month follow-up. The article discusses the clinical implications and limitations of the present study and directions for further research.

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Buck, Page Walker, Nadine Bean, and Kristen De Marco. "Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Emerging Trauma-Informed Intervention." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21310.

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Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) has emerged as a promising, evidence-based intervention for the treatment of trauma and stressor-related disorders. This experiential therapy offers an option for clients whose traumatic experiences render traditional talk therapies ineffective. Initial research on the most robust model of EAP, developed by the Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA), indicates strong, positive effects for children, adolescents and adults who have experienced trauma. EAGALA was designed to allow for rigorous evaluation of efficacy, a clear theoretical base, standardized implementation, and ongoing training for practitioners. As the primary providers of mental and behavioral health services in the United States, social workers are keenly aware of the need for a portfolio of treatment methods to manage the increasing demand for services. EAP has emerged as an important addition to this portfolio, providing options for some the most vulnerable client populations.

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Llambias, Cecilia, Joyce Magill-Evans, Veronica Smith, and Sharon Warren. "Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy: Increasing Engagement for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 70, no. 6 (September 22, 2016): 7006220040p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2016.020701.

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Araujo, Thais B., Nélida A. Silva, Juliana N. Costa, Marcio M. Pereira, and Marisete P. Safons. "Effect of equine-assisted therapy on the postural balance of the elderly." Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 15, no. 5 (October 2011): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-35552011005000027.

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Arnon, Shay, Prudence W. Fisher, Alison Pickover, Ari Lowell, J. Blake Turner, Anne Hilburn, Jody Jacob-McVey, et al. "Equine-Assisted Therapy for Veterans with PTSD: Manual Development and Preliminary Findings." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (February 8, 2020): e557-e564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz444.

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Abstract Introduction Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has attracted great interest despite lacking empirical support, a manual, and a standardized protocol. Our team of experts in EAT and PTSD developed an eight-session group EAT treatment protocol for PTSD (EAT-PTSD) and administered it to two pilot groups of military veterans to assess initial effects. Materials and Methods We describe the development of the treatment manual, which was used with two pilot groups of veterans. Protocol safety, feasibility, and acceptability were assessed by reported adverse events, treatment completion rates, and self-rated patient satisfaction. Preliminary data on PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms and quality of life were collected pretreatment, midpoint, post-treatment, and at 3-month follow up. Results No adverse events were recorded. All patients completed treatment, reporting high satisfaction. Preliminary data showed decreases in clinician-assessed PTSD and depressive symptoms from pre to post-treatment and follow-up (medium to large effect sizes, d = .54–1.8), with similar trends across self-report measures (d = 0.72–1.6). In our pilot sample, treatment response and remission varied; all patients showed some benefit post-treatment, but gains did not persist at follow-up. Conclusions This article presents the first standardized EAT protocol. Highly preliminary results suggest our new manualized group EAT-PTSD appears safe, well-regarded, and well-attended, yielding short-term benefits in symptomatology and quality of life if unclear length of effect. Future research should test this alternative treatment for PTSD more rigorously.

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Robinson-Edwards, Shona, Stephanie Kewley, Laura Riley, and Dawn Fisher. "Examining prisoner experience of an equine assisted psychotherapy." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 40, no. 3/4 (November 28, 2019): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-01-2019-0001.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine prisoner experience of an equine assisted psychotherapy (EAP). This paper explores the use of therapeutic interventions; specifically focussing on EAP, within this paper EAP constitutes the use of horses in therapy and involves a team approach from equine and mental health experts. Design/methodology/approach This paper took a qualitative approach; due to the exploratory nature of this study a phenomenological approach was adopted. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was deemed appropriate; the intervention took place in an adult, male, open condition prison in England (Category D) however participants who engaged in the equine intervention were from both the open prison and a nearby closed Category C prison. The equine intervention was delivered by qualified therapists who worked to help improve emotional regulation among participants with a history of drug and alcohol abuse. Findings The findings within this paper identify a strong correlation between EAP and positive experiences expressed by participants. Alternative approaches such as animal assisted therapies are worthy of consideration when attempting to support the rehabilitation and treatment needs of incarcerated clients. Participants achieved a number of goals and their confidence improved as they felt a sense of achievement. Research limitations/implications This paper demonstrates the complexities of therapeutic interventions. Research relating to EAP in the UK is few and far between, consequently understanding is limited. This paper seeks to offer an insight into this topic and build upon this research in the future. Practical implications Access to prison for research purposes is challenging. Due to the nature of this study and the resources required sometimes EAP therapy cannot be implemented in or near many prisons in England and Wales. Therefore gaining access to this prison and exploring the data is the first phase of further research in this area. Social implications Researching the way individuals experience therapeutic interventions is a “growing phenomenon”. This paper aimed to explore EAP interventions, however due to the sample size it was imperative that the role of EAP was not misrepresented. Therefore this papers intention is to raise awareness of EAP interventions and therapeutic interventions in prisons in England and Wales. Originality/value To the authors knowledge no previous study has examined such an intervention using this method and as such the findings of this evaluation are important. Moreover this paper enhances and develops our knowledge about how best to support and treat people with histories of substance use and/or mental health problems and anxiety while in prison, and the vital role such therapies may play.

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Leigh Atherton, William. "The Integration Of Choice Theory And Equine-Assisted Therapy Within Adolescent Addiction Treatment." Addiction & Addictive Disorders 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/aad-7276/100035.

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Lee, Wonsik, Byung-Rok So, Youngdae Lee, and Chanwoo Moon. "A new robotic horseback-riding simulator for riding lessons and equine-assisted therapy." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 172988141878443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418784433.

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Robotic horseback-riding simulators have been successfully used as a substitute for real horses in areas of therapy, riding lessons, fitness, and entertainment, and several have been developed. However, recent research has illuminated significant differences in motion, response, and feel between a real horse and a simulator, which may result in incorrect posture and muscle memory for the rider. In this study, we developed a hybrid kinematic structure horseback-riding simulator to provide more realistic motion than currently available ones. The basic system has 4 degrees of freedom and provides a base motion platform. An additional revolving system with 2 degrees of freedom is mounted on the base platform. Real horse motion data were captured, normalized, filtered, and fitted to provide the motion trajectory. Furthermore, active neck, saddle, and tail mechanisms were implemented to provide realistic simulation. For interactive horse riding, bridle and beat sensors were included to control the simulator motion and a large screen was installed for virtual reality effect. Expert tests were conducted to evaluate the developed horseback-riding system, the results of which indicated that the developed simulator was considered sufficient for riding lessons and therapeutic use.

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