Journal articles: 'Equine assisted therapy'

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MacLean, Barbara. "Equine-assisted therapy." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 48, no. 7 (2011): ix. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2011.05.0085.

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Nelson, Angie, Tania Signal, and Rachel Wilson. "Equine Assisted Therapy and Learning." Society & Animals 24, no. 4 (August 18, 2016): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341418.

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This study examines the practices of Equine Assisted Therapy and Learning in Australia. Among Equine Assisted Therapy (eat) and Equine Assisted Learning (eal) centers there is a large degree of variation in practice worldwide. The current study outlines a range of practices in two states in Australia whereeatandealhave arisen and evolved from models developed elsewhere. The philosophical foundations, training and certification processes followed along with the types and training of horses involved are compared across facilities. The findings of the study illustrated the large variation ineatandealin current practice in Australia. The results suggested that if the practices ofeatandealare to move out of the “fringe” of mental health and learning professional practice and into the mainstream, their theoretical underpinnings, certification and licensure procedures, and methodology of practice must become more clearly defined.

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Hooker, MS, CTRS, CARSS-II, Taylor, Jasmine Townsend, PhD, CTRS, CARSS-II, and Brent Hawkins, PhD, LRT, CTRS, FDRT. "Evaluating a veteran-specific equine-assisted therapy program." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2022.0253.

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Equine-assisted therapy is being increasingly used as a therapeutic modality for veterans who have been injured during military service; however, little research has examined the quality of equine programs, especially from a veteran’s perspective. In this study, an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was used to provide direct, applicable feedback of program quality and relevancy to a military-specific equine-assisted therapy program. Veteran participants in the program informed the IPA tool used to assess the importance and performance of various program factors. Results provided insight into the quality of the equine-assisted therapy program factors, shedding light on those specifically being sought by veterans. Some of the key program factors included the horse being central to the program, the program catering to veteran needs, and sessions being held in a relaxed setting. Full results may be considered for other veteran-serving equine-assisted therapy programs.

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Murphy, Lynne, Jacqueline Wilson, and Stacey Greenberg. "Equine-Assisted Experiential Learning in Occupational Therapy Education." Journal of Experiential Education 40, no. 4 (June 16, 2017): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053825917712732.

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Equine-assisted occupational therapy (EAOT) employs horse and human cooperation in activities that facilitate social, emotional, and cognitive development. The potential benefits of equine-assisted activities for students may influence the development of these types of skills in professional occupational therapy practice. This study explored the experience of students who participated in EAOT, related to problem-solving skills, analysis of activities, tolerance for ambiguity, effective communication, and reflection skills. Sixty occupational therapy students participated in EAOT, and completed a pretest and posttest survey regarding the experience. Changes in students’ perceptions of comfort with ambiguity, problem solving, reflection, and activity analysis skills were examined. Student responses to broad questions allowed for thematic review of the benefits and challenges of this form of experiential learning. Students were initially fearful of experiential learning; however, a statistically significant improvement in tolerance to ambiguity was identified following the session. In addition, students perceived improved problem-solving skills, ability to analyze activities, and more effective communication skills. Clear benefits were identified in the equine-assisted experience for occupational therapy students. Additional study is warranted to allow for objective measures of tolerance for ambiguity and to explore additional learning outcomes related to readiness for clinical practice.

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Mendonça, Tiago, Cécile Bienboire-Frosini, Fanny Menuge, Julien Leclercq, Céline Lafont-Lecuelle, Sana Arroub, and Patrick Pageat. "The Impact of Equine-Assisted Therapy on Equine Behavioral and Physiological Responses." Animals 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070409.

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Equine-assisted therapies (EATs) have been widely used in the treatment of patients with mental or physical conditions. However, studies on the influence of equine-assisted therapy (EAT) on equine welfare are very recent, and the need for further research is often highlighted. The aim of this study was to investigate whether EAT creates negative or positive emotions in horses, and the influence of patients’ expectations (one group of patients had physical and psychological expectations and one group of patients had only psychological expectations) on horses’ emotional responses. Fifty-eight pairs (patient–horse) were involved in this study. Behaviors and heart rate variability (HRV) data were collected during a resting phase, a preparation phase in which the patients brushed and saddled the horse, and a working phase. Behaviors and HRV were compared between phases and among the groups of patients. Our results suggested that the EAT in this study was neither a negative nor a positive event. EATs with patients who had both physical and psychological expectations were more challenging for horses than those with patients who had only psychological expectations. Further research should focus on providing horses with positive stimulation and reinforcement to understand whether a positive association with EAT can be achieved.

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Froeschle, Janet. "Empowering Abused Women Through Equine Assisted Career Therapy." Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2009): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15401380902945228.

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Clayton, H. M., L. J. Kaiser, B. de Pue, and L. Kaiser. "Center-of-Pressure Movements During Equine-Assisted Activities." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 65, no. 2 (February 24, 2011): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2011.000851.

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Medeiros, Bethania da Rocha, Mariane Marques da Silva, Pauline Raquel Kriese Zanette, Marlise Pompeo Claus, and Jandenir Cardoso. "Miniature horse training (Equus caballus) for use in equine assisted therapy, according to equine learning theory." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2020.14.1.8932.

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Bivens, Alex, Deb Leinart, Bradley Klontz, and Ted Klontz. "The Effectiveness of Equine-Assisted Experiential Therapy: Results of an Open Clinical Trial." Society & Animals 15, no. 3 (2007): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x217195.

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AbstractThis article describes an equine-assisted experiential therapy approach and presents treatment outcomes in 31 participants in an equine-assisted, experiential therapy program. Participants completed psychological measures prior to treatment, immediately following treatment, and 6 months after treatment. Reported reductions in psychological distress and enhancements in psychological well being were significant immediately following treatment and were stable at 6-month follow-up. The article discusses the clinical implications and limitations of the present study and directions for further research.

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Lee, Kathy, Holly Dabelko-Schoeny, Holly Jedlicka, and Teresa Burns. "Older Adults’ Perceived Benefits of Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy: Implications for Social Work." Research on Social Work Practice 30, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731519890399.

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The purpose of this study was to explore participants’ perceived benefits of equine-assisted psychotherapy and to understand if older adults with functional or cognitive impairment found meaning and purpose in their interactions with horses. This study employed a mixed methods study design with a concurrent triangulation approach. The findings from our study suggest that those impacted with functional or cognitive impairment can meaningfully engage in EAGALA model of equine-assisted psychotherapy and demonstrate the ability to find purpose from their experience. Their perceived benefits were not limited to their interactions with horses but instead wide-ranging, including positive influences from their peers, the outdoor environment associated with equine-assisted activities, and the increased level of social interactions through reminiscence. Social workers can serve a vital role in the use of equine-assisted psychotherapy among older adults, and equine-assisted psychotherapy may hold less stigma than traditional talk therapy to the older adult population.

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Earles, Julie L., Laura L. Vernon, and Jeanne P. Yetz. "Equine-Assisted Therapy for Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms." Journal of Traumatic Stress 28, no. 2 (March 17, 2015): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.21990.

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Brady, H. A., H. M. Hernandez, and K. A. Guay. "The Status of Equine-Assisted Therapy Programs within Higher Education." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 31, no. 5-6 (May 2011): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.194.

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Nurenberg, J. R., and S. J. Schleifer. "Equine assisted therapy for patients with severe chronic psychiatric disorders." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73030-9.

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Animal assisted therapy (AAT) is being used increasingly for patients with syndromes not responding adequately to traditional therapies (severe stress/anxiety reactions, interpersonal deficits, limited verbal skills, trauma, and violence). Some have suggested that larger animals, such as horses, may be more effective therapy enhancers for some patients than commonly employed smaller animals. We have been developing an AAT protocol at a 500 bed state psychiatric hospital in NJ, supported by observations of dramatic functional improvement with equine facilitated therapy (EFT) in some highly regressed or violent patients. Logistic issues in establishing an equine program in a psychiatric hospital include site development, animal/therapist selection and training, safety and liability; scheduling, and hospital staff integration with the equine therapists. EFT technique modifications have addressed the needs and limitations of chronic, highly regressed or violent patients. A clinical research project comparing 10 weekly EFT and canine-facilitated (CFT) group sessions in >100 patients is nearing completion. The background, principles, and practices of EFT will be reviewed as will its relative benefits compared with AATs such as CFT.Research findings will compare AAT groups and standard therapies with respect to psychological, behavioral, and functional outcomes (e.g., violent and regressed behaviors, hospital discharge). Clinical value vs costs, including unique benefits associated with AAT subtypes, will be presented.

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Nurenberg, Jeffry R., Steven J. Schleifer, Thomas M. Shaffer, Mary Yellin, Prital J. Desai, Ruchi Amin, Axel Bouchard, and Cristina Montalvo. "Animal-Assisted Therapy With Chronic Psychiatric Inpatients: Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy and Aggressive Behavior." Psychiatric Services 66, no. 1 (January 2015): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300524.

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GAO, Yuanzhi, M. A. HANNAN, Kaishi MURATA, Reza RAJABI-TOUSTANI, and Yasuo NAMBO. "Ultrasonographic examination of equine fetal growth parameters throughout gestation in pony for Equine-Assisted Therapy." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 84, no. 1 (2022): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.21-0301.

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Wheeler, Charles F. "Harnessing the Power of Equine Assisted Counseling: Adding Animal Assisted Therapy to Your Practice." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 30, no. 2 (April 2013): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.30.2.206.

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Lage, Janaine Brandao, Mariane Fernandes Ribeiro, Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira, Rodrigo César Rosa, Alex Abadio Ferreira, and Ana Paula Espindula. "Effect of horse riding equipment in activity of trunk and lower limb muscles in equine-assisted therapy." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 42 (July 23, 2020): e52739. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v42i1.52739.

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Equine-assisted therapy uses the horse in rehabilitation and/or education of people, such as Down syndrome (SD), cerebral palsy (PC) and intellectual disability (DI). In context, the rehabilitation program and horse riding equipment should be used according to the specific characteristics of each individual, becoming an ally in the quest for excellence in equine-assisted therapy programs. The aim was to evaluate the effect of riding equipment used in equine-assisted therapy on the muscular activity of trunk and lower limb of individuals with SD, PC and DI. The study included 15 individuals equally assigned to each group: SD, PC and DI with a mean age of 16.2 (± 1.10), 16 (± 1.22) e 16 (±0) years, respectively. The analysis of muscle activity was performed through surface electromyography, using four variations of horse riding equipment: saddle with and without feet supported on the stirrups and blanket with and without feet supported on the stirrups. Sigma Stat 3.5® software was used for statistical analysis. The Shapiro Wilk’s test was used for normality of the data, the Bartlett test for homogeneity of the variances and the Kruskal-Wallis test for repeated measures with no normal distribution. Statistically significant differences were observed for p < 0.05. The SD group presented a greater muscular activity of trunk and lower limbs with blanket equipment without the feet supported in the stirrups (H = 15.078, p = 0.002), as in the DI group (H = 8.302, p = 0.040), while in PC group was the saddle with feet supported in the stirrups (H = 11.137, p = 0.011). The choice of riding equipment used in equine-assisted therapy interferes differently in the pattern of muscular activation of the trunk and the lower limbs, according to the pathological processes of the practitioners. It should be an important aspect to consider when planning a treatment.

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Murphy, B. A. "Development of Equine Assisted Therapy and Learning as an Elective Module within an Irish Equine Curriculum." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 31, no. 5-6 (May 2011): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.195.

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Kemeny, Martha E., Deborah Hutchins, and Courtney Gramlich. "COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF CANINE- OR EQUINE-ASSISTED THERAPY FOR RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.440.

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Abstract Older adults with dementia may manifest symptoms such as apathy, withdrawal, and aggressive actions (NIA, 2019). Even surrounded by people in LTC, residents with dementia may lack social engagement. Non-pharmacologic approaches are promising (Brodaty & Arasaratnam, 2012) and are reflected in the newer CMS F-tag guidelines (CMS, 2017), but there remains a gap in research about the most effective approaches for LTC residents. Limited research exists on animal-assisted interventions (AAI) as a non-pharmacological approach to increase engagement in people with dementia (Friedman, Thomas & Chung, 2015; Huff-Mercer, 2015) and no known research compares equine- and canine-assisted therapy protocols. This study employed a within-subject alternating-treatments design for three single subjects. Completing the similar tasks of grooming, walking, and interaction, the independent variables are two conditions: 1) Condition A: Equine-assisted activity 2) Condition B: Canine-assisted activity. Using the Dementia Interview Rating (Strauss & Sperry, 2002), apathy was measured before and after each phase. During each session, three outcomes were measured: 1) Engagement in Preferred Activities Scale (Nelson et al., 2014) was used to measure the level of engagement in the interaction; 2) Heart rate variability, a measure of coherence, was measured using the Emwave pro (Heart Math Institute, 2018), and 3) targeted observed social responsiveness (initiation, verbal response, non-verbal response, motor response to one-step instructions) using a smart tablet application. Preliminary results suggest past experience/preference impact the individual client’s response to differing protocols. Effective non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with dementia are an essential alternative to current practice.

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Fontana, Rosane Teresinha, Mariliane Adriana Monteiro, Cristiana Fick, and Francine Zorzo. "Therapeutic process and perspectives about the practice of equine-assisted therapy." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2010): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.936-7326-1-le.0402201038.

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ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the perspectives of therapists before the therapeutic process and their views about the practice of equine-assisted therapy. Methodology: exploratory study from qualitative approach, performed in a Therapeutic Center, where are therapists health and educations professionals and volunteers of Psychology, Nursing, Education and Physical Education undergraduates. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire with 15 professionals, after the approval by the Ethics Committee of the Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and of Mission/Campus Santo Ângelo/RS (protocol 118-04/PPH/08). Results: data indicate promising prospects for professionals with work, especially because it is a new initiative designed to improve the quality of life for people with disabilities and special needs and to involve personal and professional growth, new learning and challenges to be overcome. Conclusion: we can observe satisfactory involvement of subjects in the therapeutic process with the prospect of exchanging knowledge and building new, and they are key actors in the therapeutic process of the practitioner. It is believed that such initiatives contribute to the promotion of health and creating healthy environments. Descriptors: therapy; patient care team; public health; equine-assisted therapy; delivery of health care; professional-family relations; nursing care.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar as perspectivas dos equoterapeutas diante do processo terapêutico e suas concepções acerca da prática da equoterapia. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de caráter qualitativo. Foi realizada em um Centro de Equoterapia, onde os equoterapeutas são profissionais de saúde e educação e voluntários dos cursos de Psicologia, Enfermagem, Pedagogia e Educação Física. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de um questionário, oferecido a 15 profissionais. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões/campus Santo Ângelo/RS, sob protocolo número 118-04/PPH/08. Resultados: os dados apontam perspectivas otimistas dos profissionais com o trabalho desenvolvido, especialmente porque se trata de uma nova iniciativa que pretende melhorar a qualidade de vida de portadores de deficiências e necessidades especiais, envolvem crescimento pessoal e profissional e novas aprendizagens, desafios a serem vencidos. Conclusão: pode-se observar envolvimento satisfatório dos sujeitos com o processo terapêutico com perspectivas de trocas de saberes e da construção de novos e, de que são atores importantes no processo terapêutico do praticante. Acredita-se que iniciativas desta natureza contribuem para a promoção da saúde e para a criação de ambientes saudáveis. Descritores: terapia; equipe de assistência ao paciente; saúde pública; terapia assistida por cavalos; assistência à saúde; relações profissional-família; cuidado de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar las perspectivas de terapeutas acerca del proceso terapéutico de La terapia asistida con caballos y sus puntos de vista acerca de la práctica. Metodología: este es un carácter exploratorio y cualitativo. Se celebró en un Centro de Equitación Terapéutica, donde terapeutas son profesionales de la salud y la educación y los voluntarios de cursos de Psicología, Enfermería, Educación y Educación Física. La recopilación de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario aplicado a quince profesionales. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad Regional Integrada del Alto Uruguay y de la Misiónes/ Campus Santo Ângelo/RS, con número de protocolo 118-04/PPH/08. Resultados: datos indican buenas perspectivas para los profesionales con el trabajo, especialmente porque es una nueva iniciativa destinada a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidades y necesidades especiales y la participación de crecimiento personal y profesional, el aprendizaje y nuevos desafíos por superar. Conclusión: se puede observar la participación satisfactoria de los sujetos en el proceso terapéutico con la posibilidad de intercambiar conocimientos y la creación de nuevos, y son actores clave en el proceso terapéutico. Se cree que estas iniciativas contribuyen a la promoción de la salud y la creación de ambientes saludables. Descriptores: terapia; grupo de atención al paciente; la salud pública; terapía asistida por caballos; prestación de atención de salud; relaciones profesional-familia; atención de enfermería.

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Dunlop, Katie, and Menka Tsantefski. "A space of safety: Children's experience of equine-assisted group therapy." Child & Family Social Work 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12378.

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Burk, S. V., and C. E. Gramlich. "163 College curricula valued by equine-assisted activity and therapy centers." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35, no. 5 (May 2015): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.176.

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Buck, Page Walker, Nadine Bean, and Kristen De Marco. "Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Emerging Trauma-Informed Intervention." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21310.

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Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) has emerged as a promising, evidence-based intervention for the treatment of trauma and stressor-related disorders. This experiential therapy offers an option for clients whose traumatic experiences render traditional talk therapies ineffective. Initial research on the most robust model of EAP, developed by the Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA), indicates strong, positive effects for children, adolescents and adults who have experienced trauma. EAGALA was designed to allow for rigorous evaluation of efficacy, a clear theoretical base, standardized implementation, and ongoing training for practitioners. As the primary providers of mental and behavioral health services in the United States, social workers are keenly aware of the need for a portfolio of treatment methods to manage the increasing demand for services. EAP has emerged as an important addition to this portfolio, providing options for some the most vulnerable client populations.

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Staudt, Marlys, and Donna Cherry. "Equine-Facilitated Therapy and Trauma: Current Knowledge, Future Needs." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21292.

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Equine-facilitated therapy (EFT) is a relatively new treatment for trauma and PTSD. EFT as well as animal assisted interventions in general have been introduced and implemented in mental health treatment for children and adults, though the research in support of these interventions has not kept up with practice. The purpose of this review is to examine the use of EFT for clients suffering from trauma/PTSD. Studies were included if PTSD/trauma was assessed and/or was measured as an outcome. A search of relevant databases resulted in nine peer-reviewed studies that met criteria. Studies are summarized and implications for future research are discussed. In general, findings suggest that EFT is a promising intervention for trauma/PTSD. Recommendations include a call for more research that includes veterans as well as for research that explicates the mechanisms by which EFT may be effective. Key words: trauma, PTSD, equine, equine therapy

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Wilson, Kaitlyn, Melissa Buultjens, Melissa Monfries, and Leila Karimi. "Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy for adolescents experiencing depression and/or anxiety: A therapist’s perspective." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 22, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104515572379.

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Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs) are thought to overcome some of the limitations of traditional therapies as they do not rely exclusively on language as a medium for change. One such Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) approach involves horses as a therapeutic medium. Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) comprises a collaborative effort between a licensed therapist and a horse professional working with clients to address treatment goals. The purpose of the present Australian-based qualitative study was to examine EAP facilitators’ perspectives on the biospychosocial benefits and therapeutic outcomes of EAP for adolescents experiencing depression and/or anxiety. The findings suggest a range of improvements within adolescent clients, including increases in confidence, self-esteem and assertiveness, as well as a decrease in undesirable behaviours. The effectiveness of the therapy was thought to be due to the experiential nature of involving horses in therapy. The lack of understanding in the wider community about EAP was seen as a barrier to recognition and acceptance of EAP as a valid therapeutic intervention.

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Robinson-Edwards, Shona, Stephanie Kewley, Laura Riley, and Dawn Fisher. "Examining prisoner experience of an equine assisted psychotherapy." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 40, no. 3/4 (November 28, 2019): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-01-2019-0001.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine prisoner experience of an equine assisted psychotherapy (EAP). This paper explores the use of therapeutic interventions; specifically focussing on EAP, within this paper EAP constitutes the use of horses in therapy and involves a team approach from equine and mental health experts. Design/methodology/approach This paper took a qualitative approach; due to the exploratory nature of this study a phenomenological approach was adopted. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was deemed appropriate; the intervention took place in an adult, male, open condition prison in England (Category D) however participants who engaged in the equine intervention were from both the open prison and a nearby closed Category C prison. The equine intervention was delivered by qualified therapists who worked to help improve emotional regulation among participants with a history of drug and alcohol abuse. Findings The findings within this paper identify a strong correlation between EAP and positive experiences expressed by participants. Alternative approaches such as animal assisted therapies are worthy of consideration when attempting to support the rehabilitation and treatment needs of incarcerated clients. Participants achieved a number of goals and their confidence improved as they felt a sense of achievement. Research limitations/implications This paper demonstrates the complexities of therapeutic interventions. Research relating to EAP in the UK is few and far between, consequently understanding is limited. This paper seeks to offer an insight into this topic and build upon this research in the future. Practical implications Access to prison for research purposes is challenging. Due to the nature of this study and the resources required sometimes EAP therapy cannot be implemented in or near many prisons in England and Wales. Therefore gaining access to this prison and exploring the data is the first phase of further research in this area. Social implications Researching the way individuals experience therapeutic interventions is a “growing phenomenon”. This paper aimed to explore EAP interventions, however due to the sample size it was imperative that the role of EAP was not misrepresented. Therefore this papers intention is to raise awareness of EAP interventions and therapeutic interventions in prisons in England and Wales. Originality/value To the authors knowledge no previous study has examined such an intervention using this method and as such the findings of this evaluation are important. Moreover this paper enhances and develops our knowledge about how best to support and treat people with histories of substance use and/or mental health problems and anxiety while in prison, and the vital role such therapies may play.

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LeVan, David, Katherine Kiss, Jessica Gaffney, Alexandra LaDuke, Lauren Flint, and Anna Lacy. "Saddle Up for Success: Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapy Program Evaluation Survey." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 74, no. 4_Supplement_1 (August 1, 2020): 7411500016p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74s1-po2403.

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Gaus, M., K. Rohn, and A. K. Roetting. "Applicability and effect of a vacuum-assisted wound therapy after median laparotomy in horses." Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine 33, no. 6 (2017): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21836/pem20170604.

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Nicodemus, M. "Student Confidence Levels in Horsemanship Skills Associated with a University Equine Assisted Therapy Course." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 31, no. 5-6 (May 2011): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.171.

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Araujo, Thais B., Nélida A. Silva, Juliana N. Costa, Marcio M. Pereira, and Marisete P. Safons. "Effect of equine-assisted therapy on the postural balance of the elderly." Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 15, no. 5 (October 2011): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-35552011005000027.

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Llambias, Cecilia, Joyce Magill-Evans, Veronica Smith, and Sharon Warren. "Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy: Increasing Engagement for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 70, no. 6 (September 22, 2016): 7006220040p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2016.020701.

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Arnon, Shay, Prudence W. Fisher, Alison Pickover, Ari Lowell, J. Blake Turner, Anne Hilburn, Jody Jacob-McVey, et al. "Equine-Assisted Therapy for Veterans with PTSD: Manual Development and Preliminary Findings." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (February 8, 2020): e557-e564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz444.

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Abstract Introduction Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has attracted great interest despite lacking empirical support, a manual, and a standardized protocol. Our team of experts in EAT and PTSD developed an eight-session group EAT treatment protocol for PTSD (EAT-PTSD) and administered it to two pilot groups of military veterans to assess initial effects. Materials and Methods We describe the development of the treatment manual, which was used with two pilot groups of veterans. Protocol safety, feasibility, and acceptability were assessed by reported adverse events, treatment completion rates, and self-rated patient satisfaction. Preliminary data on PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms and quality of life were collected pretreatment, midpoint, post-treatment, and at 3-month follow up. Results No adverse events were recorded. All patients completed treatment, reporting high satisfaction. Preliminary data showed decreases in clinician-assessed PTSD and depressive symptoms from pre to post-treatment and follow-up (medium to large effect sizes, d = .54–1.8), with similar trends across self-report measures (d = 0.72–1.6). In our pilot sample, treatment response and remission varied; all patients showed some benefit post-treatment, but gains did not persist at follow-up. Conclusions This article presents the first standardized EAT protocol. Highly preliminary results suggest our new manualized group EAT-PTSD appears safe, well-regarded, and well-attended, yielding short-term benefits in symptomatology and quality of life if unclear length of effect. Future research should test this alternative treatment for PTSD more rigorously.

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Stapleton, P., and K. T. Grimmett. "Australian Community and Health Professionals Perceptions of Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (December 10, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2217761.

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Mental health conditions are increasingly prevalent in the Australian population, and despite the large evidence-based support for contemporary treatments, there are barriers which inhibit their efficacy. Thus, there is a perceived need for therapists to consider other therapeutic options which have potential to enhance treatment outcomes. There is increasing acceptance for complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) among general practitioners and clients/general community. Specifically, more than 70% of Australians utilize CAM. Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) is an underutilized, culturally sensitive, complementary therapy, which has the potential to mitigate barriers of conventional therapy. The present study aimed to determine the level of knowledge about and general acceptance of EAP as a treatment for general psychopathology symptomology within community members and health professionals. The current sample included 144 community members and 55 health professionals, all with Australian citizenship. Data analysis comprised the independent t-test and two hierarchical multiple regressions. Results indicated that community members are significantly more accepting of EAP as a treatment compared to health professionals. Of the predictors tested, higher social support and openness within community members were significant predictors of accepting perceptions, and rural location was the only significant predictor for health professional’s accepting perceptions of EAP. This is one of the first studies to investigate perceptions of EAP outside the EAP field and through comparison between community members and health professionals. The current study identifies the need for future research to further investigate perceptions of EAP among Australian health professionals.

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Norrud, Brita Cecilie, Målfrid Råheim, Tobba Therkildsen Sudmann, and Margareta Håkanson. "Facilitating new movement strategies: Equine assisted physiotherapy for children with cerebral palsy." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 26 (April 2021): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.022.

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Drinkhouse, Macy, Sheri SW Birmingham, Robyn Fillman, and Holly Jedlicka. "Correlation of Human and Horse Heart Rates During Equine-Assisted Therapy Sessions with At-Risk Youths: A Pilot Study." Journal of Student Research 1, no. 3 (September 17, 2012): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v1i3.107.

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Minimal research has been done to examine the cause of the positive results of animal-assisted therapy. This study examines the correlation between horse and human heart rate, an involuntary stress response, which may allow the mechanisms of potential therapeutic benefits to be further understood. Horse and human heart rates were recorded during equine-assisted therapy sessions, compared, and the significance of human/horse heart rate correlation was documented. Results indicate that each incidence of correlating changes in the heart rates appeared to be the result of external stimuli. Findings are discussed and recommendations for future trials with controlled environments are made.

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Panczykowski, Heather. "Effects of a Collaborative OT Interactive Vaulting Program on Executive Function and Participation in Children With Disabilities." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): 7610510216p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-po216.

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Abstract Date Presented 04/02/2022 This study explored the benefits of an equine-assisted interactive vaulting OT program in children with disabilities. Interventions included activities that fostered emotional regulation, communication, and teamwork. Preliminary results revealed statistically significant improvements in eight areas of executive function as rated by the interactive vaulting instructor. Results on the Social Profile were also significant in the areas of activity participation and social interaction. Primary Author and Speaker: Heather Panczykowski

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Mahoney, Emily, Diane Long, and Tina Caswell. "Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Lived Experience." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, Supplement_2 (August 1, 2021): 7512505093p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.75s2-po93.

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Leigh Atherton, William. "The Integration Of Choice Theory And Equine-Assisted Therapy Within Adolescent Addiction Treatment." Addiction & Addictive Disorders 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/aad-7276/100035.

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Jang, Byongsu, Jihye Song, Jiwon Kim, Seonwoo Kim, Jiyoung Lee, Hye-Yeon Shin, Jeong-Yi Kwon, Yun-Hee Kim, and Yoo-Sook Joung. "Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapy for Treating Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 21, no. 9 (September 2015): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0067.

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Lee, Wonsik, Byung-Rok So, Youngdae Lee, and Chanwoo Moon. "A new robotic horseback-riding simulator for riding lessons and equine-assisted therapy." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 172988141878443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418784433.

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Robotic horseback-riding simulators have been successfully used as a substitute for real horses in areas of therapy, riding lessons, fitness, and entertainment, and several have been developed. However, recent research has illuminated significant differences in motion, response, and feel between a real horse and a simulator, which may result in incorrect posture and muscle memory for the rider. In this study, we developed a hybrid kinematic structure horseback-riding simulator to provide more realistic motion than currently available ones. The basic system has 4 degrees of freedom and provides a base motion platform. An additional revolving system with 2 degrees of freedom is mounted on the base platform. Real horse motion data were captured, normalized, filtered, and fitted to provide the motion trajectory. Furthermore, active neck, saddle, and tail mechanisms were implemented to provide realistic simulation. For interactive horse riding, bridle and beat sensors were included to control the simulator motion and a large screen was installed for virtual reality effect. Expert tests were conducted to evaluate the developed horseback-riding system, the results of which indicated that the developed simulator was considered sufficient for riding lessons and therapeutic use.

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Mapes, Ayla R., and Lee A. Rosén. "Equine-Assisted Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Comprehensive Literature Review." Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 3, no. 4 (September 27, 2016): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40489-016-0090-0.

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White-Lewis, Sharon, Cynthia Russell, Rebecca Johnson, An Lin Cheng, and Nancy McClain. "Equine-assisted therapy intervention studies targeting physical symptoms in adults: A systematic review." Applied Nursing Research 38 (December 2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.08.002.

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Newton-Cromwell, S. A., B. D. McSpadden, and R. Johnson. "177 Incorporating experiential learning for equine-assisted activities and therapies with an in-house equine therapy program for veterans." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35, no. 5 (May 2015): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.190.

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Bennett, Bindi, and Elise Woodman. "The Potential of Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treating Trauma in Australian Aboriginal Peoples." British Journal of Social Work 49, no. 4 (June 1, 2019): 1041–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz053.

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AbstractColonisation and subsequent policies targeting Aboriginal peoples in Australia have had devastating consequences, including trauma, disadvantage and marginalisation. These effects have passed from generation to generation and continue to manifest in poor health and well-being outcomes, particularly mental health disorders. Innovative and culturally relevant techniques are needed to remedy inequality and address intergenerational trauma. Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP)—an experiential therapy involving horses—is a new and increasingly evidence-based treatment approach, which offers potential for working with Aboriginal peoples. This article reviews the literature on outcomes of EAP to consider its potential as a culturally responsive therapy to treat trauma and increase well-being for Aboriginal people in Australia.

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Tárraga-Mínguez, Raúl, Irene Lacruz-Pérez, Rosa Peiró-Estela, and Pilar Sanz-Cervera. "Terapias y actividades asistidas con animales para niños con TEA: un estudio de revisión." Universitas Psychologica 20 (December 15, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy20.taaa.

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Este trabajo incluye una revisión de la literatura publicada entre 2010 y 2019 que aborda la efectividad de las Terapias y Actividades Asistidas con Animales como intervención con niños y adolescentes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ProQuest, ERIC y Google Scholar, empleando los términos [(animal assisted therapy OR animal assisted intervention OR dog-assisted therapy OR equine-assisted therapy OR dolphin-assisted therapy) AND (autism OR ASD)]. Se identificaron 245 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron 40 con base en diferentes criterios de inclusión, tales como que las intervenciones descritas tengan un enfoque psicoeducativo y sean evaluadas mediante instrumentos rigurosos. En cada uno de ellos se revisaron las variables analizadas, los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados, las características de cada intervención y los resultados obtenidos. Los resultados sugieren que los animales más utilizados son el caballo y el perro, y que este tipo de intervención tiene efectos positivos para niños con TEA en áreas como la interacción y la comunicación social, el comportamiento y el desarrollo motor, entre otros. Se concluye que es una intervención beneficiosa para niños y adolescentes con autismo, aunque siempre como complemento de otro tipo de tratamientos.

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Brubaker, Lauren, Katy Schroeder, Dawn Sherwood, Daniel Stroud, and Monique A. R. Udell. "Horse Behavior towards Familiar and Unfamiliar Humans: Implications for Equine-Assisted Services." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082369.

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While human benefits of animal-assisted therapy programs have been documented, relatively little research has been conducted on behavioral factors that predict a successful equine-assisted services (EAS) horse. This study compares the behavior of experienced and non-experienced EAS horses as well as horses selected for future EAS work in a series of sociability and temperament tests. No significant differences were found between experienced and non-experienced horses in the sociability measures or for most of the temperament tests; however, significant differences were found between groups in the brushing test, with non-experienced horses showing more affiliative behaviors towards the familiar handler and unfamiliar persons. No significant differences were found between selected and non-selected horses in the temperament tests. However, non-selected horses were found to show significantly more affiliative behaviors towards a familiar person during a sociability test compared with selected horses. These findings suggest that the social behavior and temperament of EAS horses may not be significantly different from other available horses not selected for EAS work. Instead, these decisions may primarily reflect subjective impressions of fit. Interestingly, on measures where significant differences were identified, the horses not actively engaged in or selected for therapy were the ones that showed greater affiliative responses to familiar and unfamiliar humans. Reasons for why this may be, as well as future directions in EAS selection, are discussed.

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Bachi, Keren. "Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy: The Gap between Practice and Knowledge." Society & Animals 20, no. 4 (2012): 364–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341242.

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Abstract Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy (EFP) is widely used, and the uses to which it can be put are still being developed. However, existing knowledge about this field is insufficient, and most of the research suffers from methodological problems that compromise its rigor. This review will explore research into the linked fields of Animal-Assisted Therapy and Equine-Assisted Activities/Therapies (EAA/T) related to physical health. Existing knowledge of mental, emotional, and social applications of EAA/T is presented. Evaluation studies in the subfield suggest that people benefit from interventions with horses. However, these studies suffer from fundamental problems, such as small sample size and lack of control groups. Naturalistic inquiry about theoretical aspects highlights the fundamental role that human-horse relations play in EAA/T, but these studies exhibit deficiencies in theory development. A multimethod approach could promote knowledge development for EFP. Suggestions for future research concern methodological solutions to improve evaluation studies, use of grounded theory method to develop theory, as well as applying attachment theory to the human-horse context, which may offer insight about the underlying processes for change.

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Stolz, Isabel, Volker Anneken, and Ingo Froböse. "Measuring Equine-Assisted Therapy: Validation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of an ICF-Based Standardized Assessment-Tool." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 2738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052738.

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The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization (WHO) was established as an international framework for monitoring rehabilitation outcomes and the impacts of health interventions since, as the term “functioning” implies, it emphasizes a person’s “lived health” in addition to their biological health status. Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) represents a holistic intervention approach that aims to improve both biomedical functioning and the patient’s lived health in relation to performing activities and participating in social situations. In this study, the psychometric properties of an ICF-based digital assessment tool for the measurement of the rehabilitation impacts of EAT were analyzed via simultaneous confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and reliability and sensitivity tests. In total, 265 patients from equine-assisted therapy centers in Germany were included for CFA. Change sensitivity was assessed via multi-level analyses based on 876 repeated assessments by 30 therapists. Results show satisfactory model-fit statistics; McDonald’s omega (ML) showed excellent scores for the total scale (ω = 0.96) and three subscales (ω = 0.95; ω = 0.95, ω = 0.93). The tool proved itself to be change sensitive and reliable (change sensitivity p ≤ 0.001), retest r = 0.745 **, p ≤ 0.001). Overall, the developed assessment tool satisfactorily fulfills psychometric requirements and can be applied in therapeutic practice.

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ZAGRAI (MAIEREAN), Ana Maria, Gabriel COTOR, Gavrilă ZAGRAI, Gabriel GÂJÂILĂ, Marian GHIȚĂ, Alina Maria IONESCU, Dragos Corneliu COTOR, and Aurel DAMIAN. "Evaluation of Stress in Riding Horses, During the Horse-Assisted Therapy Activities in the Case of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 79, no. 1 (May 14, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2021.0030.

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Animal stress is a current topic intensely addressed. The general adaptation syndrome, following short exposure to stressors with low or medium intensity, has a positive effect, inducing eustress and improving adaptive capacity. Exposure to strong stressors or over a long period of time has the effect of inducing distress. The aim was to evaluate the stressful effect they have on horses, the specific activities of equine-assisted therapy, in the case of children with autism spectrum disorders. Were used 10 riding horses (8 females and 2 males), of purebred English breed, divided into 2 groups, aged between 4-8 years. The animals had the same maintenance conditions and lifestyle. Samples were taken from the jugular vein in 5 ml heparinized tubes. The parameters were determined using a ProCyte Dx Hematology Analyzer. The data obtained were statistically analyzed, calculating the Mean and Standard Deviation (Microsoft Excel). The results show that the specific activities of equine-assisted therapy do not have a stressful effect on the pathways used. These activities were less stressful than regular recreational riding activities in a riding school, subjecting the animal to less intense physical exertion than daily activities.

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Nagrath, Jennifer. "Investigating the Efficacy of Equine Assisted Therapy for Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Symptomology." Journal of Veterans Studies 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/jvs.v6i2.187.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Equine assisted therapy'

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