Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equine influenza vaccines

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Equine influenza vaccines'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Equine influenza vaccines"

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BOUNTOURI (Μ. ΜΠΟΥΝΤΟΥΡΗ), M., E. FRAGKIADAKI (Ε. ΦΡΑΓΚΙΑΔΑΚΗ), V. DAFIS (Β. ΝΤΑΦΗΣ), and E. XYLOURI (Ε. ΞΥΛΟΥΡΗ). "Equine influenza." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 62, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14847.

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Equine Influenza (ΕΙ) is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory disease of equine. The causative agent of EI infections is a type A influenza virus, classified into the family Orthomyxovirìdae. Up to today two subtypes of EI are known, subtype 1 (H7N7) and subtype 2 (H3N8). Subtype 1 has not been isolated since 1977 and is presumed that has been replaced by the subtype 2, which is the causative agent of many recent outbreaks. Antigenic drift of H3N8 viruses resulted in the divergence of strains into two distinct evolutionary lineages, which co-circulate. The high morbidity of equine influenza disease was demonstrated in all resent widespread outbreaks all over the world. On the other hand, the mortality rate of influenza disease in equids is generally low, unless secondary bacterial infections occurred. Devastating economic loss of the disease in breeding and race animals reinforced the importance of vaccination. Despite the extensive use of vaccines, outbreaks of equine influenza continue to occur. In 2003 there were widespread outbreaks of equine influenza among un vaccinates and regularly vaccinated horses in Europe and later all over the world, even in regions that rarely report equine influenza outbreaks. However, studies have shown that vaccination does not prevent transmission and on the other hand multiple booster doses could result to paralysis of the immune system. Furthermore, all these developments including transmission to swine and dogs, shows the unpredictable evolutionary pathways the equine influenza virus follows. In conclusion, influenza surveillance and research should go on and provide useful tools to better evaluate when vaccine strains should be updated.
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Oladunni, Fatai S., Saheed Oluwasina Oseni, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, and Thomas M. Chambers. "Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines." Viruses 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081657.

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Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a constantly evolving viral pathogen that is responsible for yearly outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses termed equine influenza (EI). There is currently no evidence of circulation of the original H7N7 strain of EIV worldwide; however, the EIV H3N8 strain, which was first isolated in the early 1960s, remains a major threat to most of the world’s horse populations. It can also infect dogs. The ability of EIV to constantly accumulate mutations in its antibody-binding sites enables it to evade host protective immunity, making it a successful viral pathogen. Clinical and virological protection against EIV is achieved by stimulation of strong cellular and humoral immunity in vaccinated horses. However, despite EI vaccine updates over the years, EIV remains relevant, because the protective effects of vaccines decay and permit subclinical infections that facilitate transmission into susceptible populations. In this review, we describe how the evolution of EIV drives repeated EI outbreaks even in horse populations with supposedly high vaccination coverage. Next, we discuss the approaches employed to develop efficacious EI vaccines for commercial use and the existing system for recommendations on updating vaccines based on available clinical and virological data to improve protective immunity in vaccinated horse populations. Understanding how EIV biology can be better harnessed to improve EI vaccines is central to controlling EI.
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Kostina, L. V., T. V. Grebennikova, A. D. Zaberezhnyi, and T. I. Aliper. "VACCINES AGAINST EQUINE INFLUENZA." sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 54, no. 2 (May 2019): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2019.2.216eng.

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Entenfellner, Johanna, Jacinta Gahan, Marie Garvey, Cathal Walsh, Monica Venner, and Ann Cullinane. "Response of Sport Horses to Different Formulations of Equine Influenza Vaccine." Vaccines 8, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030372.

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The international governing body of equestrian sports requires that horses be vaccinated against equine influenza within 6 months and 21 days of competing. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody response of young sport horses to six-monthly booster vaccination with equine influenza vaccines of different formulations. An inactivated vaccine was allocated to 35 horses and subunit and recombinant vaccines were allocated to 34 horses each. After vaccination, all horses were monitored for evidence of adverse reactions. Whole blood samples were collected at the time of vaccination and on nine occasions up to six months and 21 days post vaccination. Antibodies against equine influenza were measured by single radial haemolysis. Transient fever and injection site reactions were observed in several horses vaccinated with each vaccine. Only two horses failed to seroconvert post booster vaccination but there was a delayed response to the recombinant vaccine. The antibody response to the recombinant vaccine was lower than that induced by the whole-inactivated and subunit vaccines up to three months post vaccination. Thereafter, there was no significant difference. By six months post vaccination, the majority of horses in all three groups were clinically but not virologically protected. There was minimal decline in antibody titres within the 21-day grace period.
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Mumford, J. A., H. Wilson, D. Hannant, and D. M. Jessett. "Antigenicity and immunogenicity of equine influenza vaccines containing a Carbomer adjuvant." Epidemiology and Infection 112, no. 2 (April 1994): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800057848.

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SUMMARYEquine influenza vaccines containing inactivated whole virus and Carbomer adjuvant stimulated higher levels and longer lasting antibody to haemagglutinin in ponies than vaccines of equivalent antigenic content containing aluminium phosphate adjuvants. Five months after the third dose of vaccine containing Carbomer adjuvant, ponies were protected against clinical disease induced by an aerosol of virulent influenza virus (A/equine/Newmarket/79, H3N8). In contrast ponies which received vaccine containing aluminium phosphate adjuvant were susceptible to infection and disease. There was an inverse correlation between prechallenge levels of antibody detected by single radial haemolysis (SRH) and duration of virus excretion, pyrexia and coughing. All ponies with antibody levels equivalent to SRH zones of ≥ 154 mm2 were protected against infection and all those with levels ≤ 85 mm2 were protected from disease.
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Olguin-Perglione, Cecilia, and María Edith Barrandeguy. "An Overview of Equine Influenza in South America." Viruses 13, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050888.

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Equine influenza virus (EIV) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of horses as outbreaks of the disease lead to significant economic losses worldwide. In this review, we summarize the information available on equine influenza (EI) in South America. In the region, the major events of EI occurred almost in the same period in the different countries, and the EIV isolated showed high genetic identity at the hemagglutinin gene level. It is highly likely that the continuous movement of horses, some of them subclinically infected, among South American countries, facilitated the spread of the virus. Although EI vaccination is mandatory for mobile or congregates equine populations in the region, EI outbreaks continuously threaten the equine industry. Vaccine breakdown could be related to the fact that many of the commercial vaccines available in the region contain out-of-date EIV strains, and some of them even lack reliable information about immunogenicity and efficacy. This review highlights the importance of disease surveillance and reinforces the need to harmonize quarantine and biosecurity protocols, and encourage vaccine manufacturer companies to carry out quality control procedures and update the EIV strains in their products.
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Elton, D., and A. Cullinane. "Equine influenza: Antigenic drift and implications for vaccines." Equine Veterinary Journal 45, no. 6 (October 14, 2013): 768–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evj.12148.

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Webster, Robert G., and Timothy L. Thomas. "Efficacy of equine influenza vaccines for protection against A/Equine/Jilin/89 (H3N8) — A new equine influenza virus." Vaccine 11, no. 10 (January 1993): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(93)90122-e.

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Blanco-Lobo, Pilar, Laura Rodriguez, Stephanie Reedy, Fatai S. Oladunni, Aitor Nogales, Pablo R. Murcia, Thomas M. Chambers, and Luis Martinez-Sobrido. "A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus." Viruses 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100933.

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Vaccination remains the most effective approach for preventing and controlling equine influenza virus (EIV) in horses. However, the ongoing evolution of EIV has increased the genetic and antigenic differences between currently available vaccines and circulating strains, resulting in suboptimal vaccine efficacy. As recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the inclusion of representative strains from clade 1 and clade 2 Florida sublineages of EIV in vaccines may maximize the protection against presently circulating viral strains. In this study, we used reverse genetics technologies to generate a bivalent EIV live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). We combined our previously described clade 1 EIV LAIV A/equine/Ohio/2003 H3N8 (Ohio/03 LAIV) with a newly generated clade 2 EIV LAIV that contains the six internal genes of Ohio/03 LAIV and the HA and NA of A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 H3N8 (Rich/07 LAIV). The safety profile, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy of this bivalent EIV LAIV was tested in the natural host, horses. Vaccination of horses with the bivalent EIV LAIV, following a prime-boost regimen, was safe and able to confer protection against challenge with clade 1 (A/equine/Kentucky/2014 H3N8) and clade 2 (A/equine/Richmond/2007) wild-type (WT) EIVs, as evidenced by a reduction of clinical signs, fever, and virus excretion. This is the first description of a bivalent LAIV for the prevention of EIV in horses that follows OIE recommendations. In addition, since our bivalent EIV LAIV is based on the use of reverse genetics approaches, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using the backbone of clade 1 Ohio/03 LAIV as a master donor virus (MDV) for the production and rapid update of LAIVs for the control and protection against other EIV strains of epidemiological relevance to horses.
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Daly, J. M., and P. R. Murcia. "Strategic implementation of vaccines for control of equine influenza." Equine Veterinary Journal 50, no. 2 (February 2, 2018): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evj.12794.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equine influenza vaccines"

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Acar, Binnaz. "Phylogenetic characterization of equine influenza viruses from Swedish outbreaks from 1979 to 2001." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156539.

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Introduction: Equine influenza virus, an influenza type A virus, belongs to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. Equine influenza is a major cause of respiratory disease in horses and outbreaks have severe economical repercussions for the horse industry. It is considered to be endemic in Sweden and between 1997 and 2006 there have been around 10 to 40 outbreaks every year. The objective of this study was to do a phylogenetic characterization of equine influenza outbreaks that occurred in Sweden during a twenty year period. Methods: The haemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene of 14 samples and the complete genome of three samples collected over the span of 20 years were sequenced. The viral RNA were extracted, amplified with OneStep RT-PCR and sequenced. Results & Discussion: The phylogenetic tree and deduced amino acid sequence of HA1 illustrated that different lineages of equine influenza virus has circulated simultaneously in the Swedish horse population. The isolates mainly belonged to pre-divergence-, Eurasian- and American lineages. To characterize equine influenza viruses is important for vaccine strain selection, to fully understand the disease and how the virus evolves.
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Said, Abdelrahman Fekry Abdelrahman [Verfasser]. "Development of a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine against pandemic influenza A virus (09/H1N1) / Abdelrahman Fekry Abdelrahman Said." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034073907/34.

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Livesay, Georgia Jane. "Field and experimental approaches to the study of of influenza A/equine-2/Suffolk/89 (H3N8) virus : construction and characterisation of vaccina virus recombinants, and their use in immunoassays." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337874.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equine influenza vaccines"

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Chambers, Thomas M. "Vaccines and vaccination to control equine influenza." In Animal Influenza, 524–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118924341.ch21.

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Reports on the topic "Equine influenza vaccines"

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OIE expert surveillance panel on equine influenza vaccine composition, OIE, Paris, 4 April 2019. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2019.2.3013.

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