Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Equity. Business'
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O'Malley, Siobhan. "The business case for equal opportunities : equality, equity and egalitarianism." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3617.
Full textWayman, John. "Equity issue pre-announcements." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261318131.
Full textPienaar, Nico. "The role relationship benefits have on customer equity in the business-to-business environment." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41987.
Full textDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
zkgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
Gui, Zhaoyu. "Developing a private equity business in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39527.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaf 70).
The private equity business, a good complement to the public equity market and the debt market, has been playing an increasing role in China. However, there is no universal formula for doing this business. As an art rather than a science, it varies from country to country. After two decades of reform and open-door policy, Chinese enterprises are essentially the same as the ones in developed countries. The major difference lies in the different developmental stages and business environments such as the dominant governmental role in China, the lack of business leaders and the immaturity of financial market. This different business environment drives a different market structure including more venture investments than buy outs, more late-stage and pre-IPO investments than early stage, and more investment in private sectors than state-owned enterprises. As a result, the excess of investment capital focuses on the small market of late-stage investments with a high potential of IPO.
(cont.) Given the current business environment, I suggest three key investment strategies. First, bring the value to the companies in a competitive industry by providing business model upgrades, market knowledge, and disruptive technologies. Second, originate deals by helping the government to achieve its public goal of restructuring industry resources and accelerating Chinese enterprise globalization and modernization in regulated industries. Third, seek any possible investment opportunities provided by the immature financial market.
by Zhaoyu (Jeffrey) Gui.
M.B.A.
Biedenbach, Galina. "Brand building in the business-to-business context : The brand equity perspective." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60749.
Full textPoongam, Karan. "Equity premium in business cycle model in Thailand." Bangkok, Thailand : Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/56680613.html.
Full textBrogren, Gustav, and Johan Nyström. "Betaestimering på Private Equity investeringar." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6476.
Full textEn av de allra centralaste aspekterna vid investerings- och finansieringsbeslut handlar om den risk som en investering innebär och den avkastning som marknaden kräver. Som kapitalplacerare vill man veta risken i en potentiell investering för att kunna beräkna det avkastningskrav man måste erhålla, och om investeringen motsvarar ens egen riskexponering. Investeringsbeslut på olika marknader innebär att olika typer av risker tas i beaktande och resulterar därigenom i att avkastningskraven skiljer sig åt mellan marknaderna. Området för den här undersökningen ligger i risker och avkastning på Private Equity marknaden där skillnader existerar jämfört med investeringar i börsbolag. Förespråkare för Private Equity industrin menar att Private Equity innebär möjligheter till betydligt högre avkastning än investeringar som görs i noterade instrument och då främst i jämförelse med aktier. Samtidigt som de högre avkastningarna lyfts fram som karakteristika så pratar man om att Private Equity även kan ses som en ny tillgångsklass som har sin egna risk- och avkastningsprofil. Det är vid dessa skillnader och främst gällande riskmåttet beta vår studie tar vid. När en portfölj teoretiskt konstrueras så används betavärden och avkastningar från historiska börskurser för att risken och den förväntade avkastningen skall fås fram. Den vanligaste metoden för att skatta avkastningskravet på en investering i ett noterat bolag är CAPM modellen. Modellen innebär att den som tar en högre risk skall belönas och att denna risk utgörs av investeringens känslighet gentemot marknaden multiplicerat med marknadens riskpremie. Men när kapital skall investeras i onoterade bolag som Private Equity uppstår det problem med användningen av den metoden, eftersom inga börskurser finns att ta del av. Studiens problem är att undersöka och klargöra hur risken och avkastningen ser ut på den svenska Privat Equity marknaden. Risken uppskattas genom att estimera betat för portföljebolagen i Private Equity fondera med en justerad CAPM modell. Syftet är vidare att synliggöra och beskriva skillnaderna i risk/avkastning mellan tillgångsklasserna Private Equity och börsnoterat. Framkomna resultat visar att betat för Private Equity i genomsnitt ligger på 3,85 mot den noterade marknadens beta på 1. Detta innebär att Private Equity besitter betydligt högre risk än aktiemarknaden, vilket vi anser orimligt. Resultaten förklaras i hög utsträckning av de höga avkastningskrav som Private Equity fonderna kräver på sina investeringar. Undersökningen visar på förväntade avkastningskrav runt 10 % för aktiemarknaden samtidigt som Private Equity har i genomsnitt nästan dubbelt så höga avkastningskrav. Att skillnaderna är så stora mellan tillgångsslagen finner vi i orealistiskt satta avkastningskrav från Private Equity.
Arvidsson, Alexander, and Ferdinand Lindeberg. "Finansiell utveckling efter equity crowdfunding." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16028.
Full textCrowdfunding refers to the endeavors of companies raising capital from the public via the internet. There are different types of crowdfundig, and this study focuses on equity crowdfunding, which means that investors receive equity in the form of company shares in exchange for investing in the company. We have analyzed 24 companies post funding through equity crowdfunding via the crowdfunding platform FundedByMe. The results of the study show that 19 of the companies survived. These 19 companies make up all of the study's observations. Through the testing of two hypotheses where different factors concerning the raising of capital are put in relation to the financial growth of the companies, results show that no relationship between number of investors and sales growth exist, nor does any relationship between profit growth and portion of company stock issued to external stakeholders through the equity crowdfunding campaign exist. These results are conflicting with previous studies that have shown that such relationships exist. This could possibly be due to the study's limited sampling size, which could be an explanation as to why no statistical significance for the testing of the hypotheses was found in most cases. The number of investors for each company in this study ranged between 19 and 398. Due to the fact that previous research has shown a positive relationship between number of investors and sales growth, it is a reasonable assumption that tendencies towards this relationship are to be found in this study as well. Instead, the development of sales growth tends to be rather random and fluctuating. This is also true for profit growth, except for two years after the raising of capital, where a positive and statistically significant relationship between profit growth and portion of company stock issued to external stakeholders can be found.The results are analyzed based on the theory of behavioral finance and herding.
Elliott, William Bonnell. "Essays on equity issues." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288921.
Full textEdeen, Erik, Magnus Kassle, and Pawel Wyszynski. "Private Equity : Portföljbolagsstudie." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8865.
Full textPrivate equity-investeringar innebär kapitalsatsningar i onoterade företag med ett aktivt och tidsbegränsat ägarengagemang. Detta kan indelas beroende på tidpunkten och kapitalbehovet för investeringen och benämns: affärsänglar, venture capital och buyout. Det finns en allmän uppfattning att dessa bolag agerar som affärspirater, vilka suger ut tillgångarna i företag för att sedan sälja av det utan att tänka på konsekvenserna. Det finns en ovetskap om vad som egentligen tillför värde och på vilket sätt detta sker. På uppdrag av Svenska Riskkapitalföreningen skrivs därför denna uppsats. Syftet är att studera riskkapitalinvesteringar med avseende på hur portföljbolagen utvecklas beträffande tillväxt i omsättning och antal anställda, efter det att ett private equity-bolag blivit delägare. Undersökningen har genomförts genom en kvantitativ ansats där enkäter och bokslutsdata analyserats. Då denna del är den första av två inom en 20-poängsuppsats där teori och metod behandlas, kommer empiri, analys och slutsats behandlas i nästa del.
Martins, Daniela Portugal Craveiro. "Brand equity within business networks : the case of Innoenergy." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17292.
Full textEsta investigação visa estudar o valor da marca dentro das redes de negócios através do caso da KIC InnoEnergy, uma entidade europeia que promove a inovação na área da energia sustentável. Com base em conceitos como redes de negócios, brand equity e comportamento de compra organizacional, pretende-se avaliar o valor da marca da empresa na sua rede, bem como entender as necessidades do seu ecossistema e o que mais valorizam. Os dados foram recolhidos através de métodos qualitativos e a amostra incluiu alguns dos stakeholders. Concluiu-se que a InnoEnergy tem um forte valor de marca entre o ecossistema das start-ups, bem como entre os seus parceiros, enquanto a educação é a linha de negócios em que as associações da marca precisam de ser mais trabalhadas. Concluiu-se também que as semelhanças entre Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KIC) podem ser prejudiciais para a saliência da marca no seu ecossistema. De uma perspectiva teórica, sugere-se a inclusão de um novo bloco na adaptação do modelo de Keller para business-to-business, que teria o nome de "network". Futura investigação deve centrar-se em cada relação com os diferentes atores e linhas de negócio, o papel da marca neste contexto e as consequências práticas das semelhanças em termos de branding das diferentes KICs.
This research aims to study brand equity within business networks through InnoEnergy's case, a European entity that promotes innovation in the sustainable energy field. Based on concepts such as business networks, brand equity and organizational buying behavior, it is intended to evaluate the brand equity of the company in its network as well as to understand the needs of its ecosystem and what they value the most. To this end, data was collected through qualitative methods and the sample included some of the stakeholders. It was concluded that InnoEnergy has strong brand equity among the start-up's ecosystem, as well as among its partners, whereas Education is the business line in which the associations need to strengthen the most. It was also concluded that the similarities between Knowledge and Innovation Communities can be harmful to the salience of the brand in its ecosystem. From a theoretical perspective, it is suggested the inclusion of a new block in the Keller's model adaptation to business-to-business, called "networks". Further research should focus on each relationship with the different actors and business lines, the role of branding in this context and the practical consequences of the similarities between KICs branding.
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Stephens, Clifford Paul 1961. "Essays on corporate equity transactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290611.
Full textMiyambo, Hasani Ronny. "South African listed private equity index." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5860.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Private equity has been dominating the news recently both as an asset class and a tool to facilitate market efficiency in South Africa. Many private equity funds have had good returns in recent times. However, many pension funds still shun away from this asset class, mainly due to lack of understanding of the risk inherent in this asset class, and in its potential overall risk diversifying characteristics. Regulation 28 of the Pension Fund Act, prescribes maximum allocation of five percent to unlisted assets and that includes private equity as an asset class. One of the reasons why investors don't understand this asset class is the lack of comparable data relative to the listed asset classes such as listed equities and listed bonds. From these asset classes, people get data on a daily basis and they are able to understand the daily prices and values of their portfolio. They can also try to value the individual stocks within their portfolio by using variables such as price earnings ratio and dividend yields, as that information is freely available. This research tries to use the listed private equity companies to establish a Private Equity Index. The criteria used are the same as the ones used by Bilo, Christophers, Degosciu and Zimmennann (2004) when they created a Listed Private Equity Index (LPE), which is made up of 114 global listed private equity companies mainly from Europe and North America. The South African Index was created from six companies, and even though the sample looks small, the results were good enough to justify further studies on the same line and to encourage more listings of these types of companies. The Index was then analysed using modem portfolio analysis and optimisation tools to understand the risk and return characteristics of this asset class and how it behaves when blended with other asset classes. The results suggest that this asset class is under allocated and there is a need to create a more representable index even on an IRR basis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Privaataandele het onlangs die nuus oorheers, beide as 'n bateklas sowel as 'n instrument om die markdoeltreffendheid in Suid-Afrika te fasiliteer. Talle privaataandeelfondse het onlangs goeie opbrengste opgelewer. Baie pensioenfondse skram egter steeds weg van hierdie bateklas, hoofsaaklik weens 'n kennisgebrek van die risiko wat inherent is aan die bateklas en die potensiele risikoverskansing wat die bateklas bied. Regulasie 28 van die Pensioenfondswet vereis dat 'n maksimumtoewysing van vyf persent in ongenoteerde bates bele mag word en dit sluit privaataandele as 'n bateklas in. Een van die redes hoekom beleggers nie hierdie bateklas verstaan nie, is weens 'n gebrek aan vergelykbare data met die genoteerde bateklasse soos genoteerde aandele en genoteerde verbande. Uit hierdie bateklasse verkry mense inligting op 'n daaglikse basis en is hulle in staat om die daaglikse pryse en waardes van hul portefeuljes te verstaan. Hulle kan ook probeer om die afsonderlike gevolge binne hul portefeuljes te begryp deur veranderlikes soos prys inkomsteverhouding en dividendopbrengste te evalueer, soos wat die inligting beskikbaar raak. Hierdie navorsing poog om genoteerde privaataandeelmaatskappye te gebruik om 'n privaataandeelindeks daar te stel. Die maatstawwe wat gebruik word, is dieselfde as die wat Bilo, Christopbers, Degosciu en Zimmennann (2004) gebruik het toe bulle 'n Genoteerde Privaataandeel-indeks (GPA) daargestel bet, waarin 114 genoteerde privaataandeelmaatskappye wereldwyd uit hoofsaaklik Europa en Noord-Amerika gebruik is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Indeks is saamgestel uit ses maatskappye en hoewel die steekproef klein blyk te wees, was die eindresultaat voldoende bevredigend om verdere navorsing volgens dieselfde riglyne te regverdig en om die notering van meer sulke maatskappye aan te moedig. Die indeks is vervolgens ontleed aan die hand van moderne portefeulje-ontledings tegnieke om die risiko en opbrengste van hierdie bateklas te verstaan en hoe dit reageer wanneer dit met ander bateklasse vermeng word. Die resultate dui daarop dat hierdie bateklas onvoldoende onderskryf is, maar dat daar 'n nodigheid bestaan om 'n meer verteenwoordigende indeks selfs op 'n interne opbrengskoers grondslag daar te stel.
Alm, Emelie, and Elin Berglund. "The eternal triangle for external equity financing : Interaction between the entrepreneur, Business Incubator, and equity investor." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Redovisning och finansiering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13119.
Full textZucchi, York Arnim Vigoni. "Factors affecting the equity-split decisions at business start-up in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25225.
Full textDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
Kristiansson, Otto, and Viktor Jansson. "Private Equity – efterbörsintroduktion : En studie om operationellvärdeskapande." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-408176.
Full textElvin, Lottie, and Alexander Pettersson. "Equity Crowdfunding i Sverige : Finansieringskälla eller marknadsföringsverktyg?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138132.
Full textLogan, Twila Mae. "Cross-sectional analysis of the pricing of private equity placements." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262712392.
Full textShin, Hyun-Han. "The Securities and Exchange Commission and Equity Issues /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487928649988513.
Full textSwärd, Jesper, and Carina Toresson. "Private Equity : Skapas bestående värde?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9426.
Full textI Sverige pågår idag en samhällsdebatt angående huruvida private equity–industrin bidrar till den ekonomiska utvecklingen genom att skapa långsiktigt starka och lönsamma bolag eller om de förstör värde genom nedskärningar och bolagsuppdelningar. Med private equity menas riskkapitalbolag som investerar i onoterade företag, så kallade portföljbolag, med avsikten att tillföra värde inför en avyttring några år senare, vanligen 3-5 år. Syftet med denna studie är att studera värdeutvecklingen på ett antal av dessa svenska portföljbolag, från riskkapitalbolagens avyttring till och med två år efter försäljningen. I studien har nyckeltal med fokus på lönsamhet, tillväxt och kapitalstruktur tagits fram för portföljbolagen. Utvecklingen för dessa nyckeltal har senare jämförts med utvecklingen för motsvarande nyckeltal hos en referensgrupp av liknande onoterade bolag som inte tidigare varit ägda av riskkapitalbolag. Resultatet visar att portföljbolagen i många avseenden har utvecklats bättre än jämförelsebolagen under den studerade tidsperioden. Detta skulle kunna förklaras av aktivt ägande med uttalat lönsamhetsfokus men kan även ha andra förklaringar, varför fortsatta studier i ämnet rekommenderas.
Johansson, Henrik, Alicia Vollberg, and Jacob Karlegatt. "Betydelser av equity crowdfunding." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76354.
Full textDanilovich, Natalia Nikolaevna. "Measuring Brand Equity : Methods of Evaluation and Effects on Business." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10842.
Full textKilpatrick, Brett Alan. "The role relationship benefits have on brand equity in the business to business, services environment." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30612.
Full textDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
Edeen, Erik, Magnus Kassle, and Pawel Wyszynski. "Private Equity : En empirisk studie." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8864.
Full textEfter att ha studerat och författat en teoretisk grund kring ”Private Equity – En portföljbolagsstudie” som första delen av två inom en 20-poängsuppsats skrivs denna magisteruppsats som en påbyggnad där en empirisk studie, analys och slutsats genomförs.
Private equity-investeringar blir en allt vanligare form för kapitalanskaffning hos entreprenörer och företag. Denna form av investeringar sker i onoterade företag där investeraren håller ett aktivt och tidsbegränsat ägarengagemang. Denna uppsats skrivs på uppdrag av Svenska Riskkapitalföreningen, och syftet är att studera riskkapitalinvesteringar med avseende på hur portföljbolagen utvecklas beträffande tillväxt i sysselsättning och omsättning, efter det att ett private equity-bolag blivit delägare. Undersökningen bygger på kvantitativt insamlande av data där analysen grundats på enkäter och bokslutsdata.
Två hypoteser har ställts upp och besvarats. Dessa antar att den årliga genomsnittliga mediantillväxten i sysselsättning respektive omsättning är högre i portföljbolagen, i alla faser, under ett riskkapitalbolags innehavsperiod jämfört med referensgrupperna efter det att en private equity-investering genomförts.
Resultatet för portföljbolagsstudien visar att tillväxten i både sysselsättning och omsättning är högre i bolag med någon form av riskkapital än för referensgrupperna. Därmed verifieras hypoteserna.
Stierna, Sofia, and Louise Lönnqvist. "Brand Building : Differences between how business-to-business companies and business-to-consumer companies build their brands." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26028.
Full textIliev, Radoslav. "Stock market correlations and cross-equity holdings." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/569.
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Bachelors
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Vogel, Rickard, and Christian Rasmussen. "Private Equity : En studie med fokus på värdeskapande." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6569.
Full textBolf, David. "Private Equity jako alternativní forma investování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224443.
Full textRay, Rina. "Three essays on the primary equity market." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3277977.
Full textSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: A, page: 4005. Advisers: Gregory F. Udell; Xiaoyun Yu. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 5, 2008).
Alvestad, Sveinung, and Dan Erik Harlem Glover. "Risk factor analysis across business segments in the US equity market." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20910.
Full textHinestroza, Evelin. "“Brand Equity – A Study on the relationship between brand equity and stock performance”." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141449.
Full textSwärd, Jesper, and Carina Toresson. "Private Equity : Riskkapitalbolagens bidrag till portföljbolagens utveckling." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9425.
Full textRiskkapitalbolagens verksamhet är mycket omdebatterad då förespråkare hävdar att riskkapitalbolagen bidrar till långsiktigt stabila företag och kritiker menar att de bryter ner värde hos sina portföljbolag. Denna debatt har föranlett många studier i ämnet men ytterst få har undersökt portföljbolagens syn på riskkapitalbolagens inblandning. Författarna har därför valt att bygga vidare på en tidigare studie som, genom att jämföra värdeutvecklingen för 13 portföljbolag under två år med utvecklingen hos en grupp jämförbara bolag, undersökt om riskkapitalbolagen skapar uthålligt värde hos sina portföljbolag. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida strategiska skillnader mellan portföljbolagen och jämförelsebolagen har påverkat värdeutvecklingen i den tidigare studien samt hur riskkapitalbolagens inblandning har bidragit till dessa skillnader. Detta gjordes genom en enkätundersökning där samtliga bolag i den tidigare studien tillfrågades att medverka, av dessa valde 13 företag, sju portföljbolag och sex jämförelsebolag, att delta. Resultatet visar att det finns vissa skillnader i förvaltningen mellan de båda grupperna och att portföljbolagen har påverkats positivt av riskkapitalbolagens aktiva ägande. Portföljbolagen är mer fokuserade på finansiella mål och lönsamhet medan jämförelsebolagen fokuserar på operationella mål och prioriterar tillväxt högre än lönsamhet. Detta kan vara en förklaring till resultatet i den tidigare studien som visade att portföljbolagen haft en starkare lönsamhetsutveckling än motsvarande jämförelsebolag, under mätperioden. Resultaten stödjer dock inte den långsiktighet som riskkapitalbolagen sägs bidra med.
Schafer, Nina. "Brand equity : an approcah to value based brand management." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50290.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Brands are getting more and more valuable. In this age of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. the value of brands is a key detenninant of a company value and stock market capitalization. For the consumer a brand also plays a significant role. It is seen as a sign of quality, helping them make their purchasing decisions. Yet brand loyalty and established customer relationships can no longer be taken for granted or assumed to last forever in an environment of increased competition. Brand loyalty is vitally dependent on how the relationship between the brand and the consumer is nurtured and specifically developed: A strong brand brings with it the opportunity to raise the proftle of a product and the company that sells it, setting them apart from rivals in the marketplace. A strong brand even allows companies to command a price premium for their products. In this way the value of a brand or brand equity becomes a company's most important asset. But the questions are: How much is the brand actually worth? And how can a brand's value be boosted? The term brand equity originated as a business-financial concept, and consists in "[the] net present value of all future net surpluses over his cash input that the owner of a brand can earn". Such financially oriented measurement of brand equity is a suitable approach for expressing it as a monetary value as required for purposes of financial statements, licensing agreements or acquisition decisions. There is a wide variety of brand valuation models available to detennine a monetary value on brand equity, but in some cases these models are controversial. and the value of their resu1ts as an objective statement may be limited. The consumer oriented perspective on brand equity sets itself apart from the financial approach by focusing on the judgments made by consumers, with a view to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing measures and also brand management on a longterm basis. This behavioural approach endeavours to reach a qualitative explanation of the factors driving brand equity and to determine psychological constructs of brand strength by means of operational measurement. The underlying study project illustrates some of the most common brand valuation models, shows their respective advantages and disadvantages and explores the different approaches to brand equity. Methods to increase brand equity by putting it in the focus ofa Value Based Brand Management explain its drivers and individual brand processes. This approach to a successful brand management is fmally compared with the current brand management process of the FMCG brand NNEA. Recommendations on how this international brand could be managed more efficiently with respect to brand equity conclude this study project.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Handelsmerke raak al hoe meer waardevol. In hierdie eeu van oorgrens-samesmeltings en oornames, is die waarde van 'n handelsmerk 'n sleutelfaktor om 'n maatskappy se waarde en aandelebeurs-kapitalisering te bepaal. Handelsmerke speel ook 'n belangrike rol in die lewe van verbruikers. Dit word beskou as 'n simbool van kwaliteit, 'n hulpmiddel om aankopebesluite te vergemaklik. Nietemin kan lojaliteit teenoor 'n handelsmerk en gevestigede klienteverhoudings nie as vanselfsprekend aanvaar word, of aanvaar word dat dit vir altyd sal aanhou, in 'n omgewing waar kompetisie toeneem nie. Lojaliteit teenoor 'n handelsmerk is in essensie afhanklik van hoe die verhouding tussen die handelsmerk en die verbruiker opgepas en spesifiek ontwikkel word: 'n gevestigde handelsmerk skep die geleentheid om die profiel van 'n produk, asook die relevante maatskappy se profiel, te verhoog - en derhalwe hulle te onderskei van mededingers in die mark. 'n Sterk handelsmerk bring selfs mee dat 'n prys-premie vir produkte gehef kan word. Op die manier word die handelsmerkwaarde of handelsmerk-ekwiteit 'n maatskappy se grootste bate. Maar die vraag is: hoeveel is 'n handelsmerk eintlik werd? Asook, hoe kan 'n handelsmerk se waarde vermeerder word? Die term handelsmerk-ekwiteit het sy oorsprong as 'n besigheidfinansiele konsep en is gewortel in "[die] netto huidige waarde van aIle toekomstige netto surplusse oor die kapitale-insette wat die eienaar van die handelsmerk kan verdien". Bogenoemde finansieel - georienteerde maatstaf van handelsmerk-ekwiteit, is 'n geskikte benadering om dit in monetere waarde uit te druk, soos benodig vir finansiele state, lisensiering-ooreenkomste of oorname besluite. Daar is 'n wye verskeidenheid handelsmerk waardasie modelle beskikbaar om die monetere waarde van handelsmerk-ekwiteit te bepaal, maar in sommige gevalle is die modelle kontroversieel, wat daartoe lei dat die waarde van hulle resultate, as 'n objektiewe waarneming, beperk kan wees. Die verbruiker- georienteerde benadering tot handelsmerk-ekwiteit onderskei homself van die finansiele benadering deur te fokus op die besluite wat gemaak word deur verbruikers, met die oog daarop om bemarkingsmaatstawwe, asook die bestuur van 'n handelsmerk, meer effektief en doeltreffend te maak op 'n langtermyn basis. Hierdie gedragswetenskaplike benadering poog om 'n kwalitatiewe verklaring te gee vir die faktore wat handelsmerkekwiteit dryf en om 'n psigologiese struktuur te gee aan die impak wat 'n handelsmerk het via 'n operasionele maatstaf. Die onderliggende projek iIIustreer die mees aanvaarde waardasie-modelle, asook hulle onderskeie voordele en nadele en ondersoek die verskillende benaderings tot handelsmerkekwiteit. Metodes om handelsmerk-ekwiteit te vermeerder deur dit te benader aan die hand van Waarde-gebaseerde Handelsmerk Bestuur (Value Based Brand Management) gee insig ten opsigte van sy drywers en individuele handelsmerkprosesse. Hierdie benadering tot suksesvolle handelsmerkbestuur word ten slotte vergelyk met die huidige handelsmerkbestuur-prosesse wat deur die FMCG handelsmerk NIVEA gevolg word. Aanbevelings aangaande meer effektiewe bestuur van hierdie internasionale handelsmerk aan die hand van handelsmerk-ekwiteit, sluit hierdie projek af.
Schoeman, Wilhelmus Hendrikus. "Antecedents and consequences of brand equity and brand value of business to business environments within the Gauteng province / Willie Schoeman." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9831.
Full textThesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Carlson, Andreas, and Carl Johansson. "Category Extensions : Factors enhancing brand equity." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5766.
Full textIn today’s world, where the consumer is constantly exposed to more and more brands in almost any kind of environment, the importance of exploiting those brands which have managed to reach the consumer’s mind and gained a strong position has increased. A majority of new product launches are extensions of existing brands. Brand extensions can be seen as a less expensive as well as less risky way to satisfy the consumer’s demands and needs within several segments by providing several products under the same brand rather than creating a new name for every new product. Even though the extension of brands has become a popular strategy, it can still be somewhat of a troublesome affaire to extend the brand without loosing its original value. A “very good” brand extension not only creates additional cash-flow but also enhances the brand name. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to identify factors that enable enhanced brand equity through category brand extension. A category extensions is when an existing brand name is applied to a product category that is new to the firm.
The study is conducted based on exclusively written data whereas a presentation of textual analysis will appear. As the focus is on theoretical findings and not empirical, no entire chapter in this thesis will concern empirical findings. Elementary variables of brands are defined, explained and discussed as well as the concept of brand equity, identity and image. Further, we present a discussion concerning definitions and the research that has been conducted on the subject of extensions. A discussion on the potential benefits and difficulties that are involved in brand extension follows and the concept of extension fit as well as aspects of lifestyle are presented. The conclusions reach are seven factors, all benefiting from having a high level of abstraction. The factors enhancing brand equity through category extensions are: Brand Context Distance, Lifestyle, Brand Awareness, Fit, Guarantee Function, Personality and Relationship.
Dorau, Nils B. [Verfasser]. "Private Equity: A People’s Business? Three Essays on the Human Element in a Maturing Private Equity Industry / Nils B. Dorau." Berlin : epubli, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227151357/34.
Full textKlier, Daniel O. "Managing diversified portfolios what multi-business firms can learn from private equity." Heidelberg Physica-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991528158/04.
Full textAlpalhão, Ana Margarida Machado. "Equity research - Galp Energia SGPS SA : valuation of the power business unit." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20710.
Full textEste projeto consiste num relatório de avaliação da empresa GALP Energia S.G.P.S., S.A., com especial foco na unidade de negócio de eletricidade e a contribuição dos seus projetos solares mais recentes para o preço-alvo de 2020YE. O relatório segue o formato recomendado pelo CFA Institute, uma vez que, grande parte do mesmo, foi submetido para o CFA Institute Research Challenge de 2020. A GALP é a principal Empresa Integrada de Petróleo em Portugal. Opera em toda a cadeia de valor do combustível fóssil, desde a extração do mesmo, o seu transporte e refinação, e por fim a comercialização dos diferentes subprodutos. Foi aplicada a abordagem de Soma das Partes para avaliar a GALP, aplicando o FCFF DCF a cada unidade de negócio, de forma a refletir todas as idiossincrasias de cada unidade. O resultado gerou um preço-alvo de 12,1€/sh. Foram também utilizados outros métodos para complementar a avaliação, como o FCFF DCF para a empresa como um todo, o FCFE DCF, o APV e o DDM. Foi ainda realizada uma análise complementar à contribuição dos projetos mais recentes da GALP em energia solar, para o preço-alvo inicial de 12,1€/sh, uma vez que o nosso relatório inicial não considerou esses projetos porque apenas foram anunciados após a conclusão do relatório inicial. Ao adicionar os investimentos mais recentes da GALP em projetos de energia solar, a minha recomendação de investimento fornece informações mais precisas e atualizadas aos investidores e às suas decisões de investimento. Este capítulo reforça a nossa recomendação de compra.
This project is an Equity Research of GALP Energia S.G.P.S., S.A., with a special focus on the value added by the power business unit's most recent solar projects to the initial 2020YE price target. The report follows the CFA Institute format, as a significant portion of it was submitted for the 2020 CFA Institute Research Challenge. Only public information released until January, 2nd 2020 was considered. GALP is the leading Portuguese Integrated Oil Company. It operates throughout the whole fossil fuel value chain, from extracting fossil fuel, to transporting and refining it, and then commercializing the different by-products. It was applied a Sum-of-the-Parts approach to value GALP, where a FCFF DCF was applied to each business unit, reflecting all the idiosyncrasies of each unit. The result yielded a final price target of 12.1€/sh. Other methods were also used to support the valuation, such as a FCFF DCF for the company as a whole, FCFE DCF, the APV and the DDM. A complementary analysis to the contribution of GALP's most recent projects in solar energy to the initial price target of 12.1€/sh was carried out, since our initial report didn't incorporate these projects, as they were announced after the initial report was concluded. By adding GALP's most recent investments in solar energy projects, I believe our investment recommendation provides more accurate and updated information to investors and to their investment decision. It is also of importance to highlight that this chapter further supports our buy recommendation.
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Lowinski, Felix. "Consulting for equity : analysis of an innovative compensation scheme in the consulting industry." Lohmar u.a. Eul, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2795205&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
Full textQuaderer, Sascha Robin. "Anlageverhalten von Schweizer Business Angels-empirische Untersuchung ausgewählter Investoren /." Bamberg : Difo-Druck, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016419987&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textScott, Julie Lenée. "Hatching the equity nest egg : the role of a university incubator in creating successful startup firms /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7556.
Full textMATUSZEWSKI, LINDA JO. "HONESTY IN MANAGERIAL REPORTING: IS IT AFFECTED BY PERCEPTIONS OF EQUITY?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1177333296.
Full textHamzeh, Hossein, and Saedeh Zarabi. "Private Equity i Sverige : En fallstudie om hur buyout inriktade private equity bolag i Sverige arbetar med sina investeringar." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2590.
Full textSyftet med denna uppsats är att skapa mer förståelse kring hur private equity bolag arbetar på den svenska marknaden och vilka investeringskriterier bolagen tittar på inför en eventuell buyout investering samt hur de långsiktigt jobbar med att förädlar sina investeringar. Det är även tänkt att uppsatsen ska ge en generell och informerande kunskap om private equity branschen.
Författarna har valt att studera två private equity bolag vars fokus ligger på den del som benämns buyout och som är av olika storlek gällande förvaltat kapital samt investeringsområden
För att lättare uppnå undersökningens syfte har författarna valt att undersöka ett investeringsfall från vardera bolag. Uppsatsen bygger på en flerfallstudie med en metodtriangulering där kvalitativ metod använts i form av två djupintervjuer och kvantitativ metod brukats vid analys av data från investeringsfallen.
Författarna har genom studien kunnat dra slutsatsen att de viktigaste kriterierna som buyout inriktade private equity företagen fokuserar på är målbolagets mognadsfas, kassaflöde, tillväxtpotential, företagets marknadsposition och trend gällande industrin. Genom analysen har det framkommit att private equity företagen investerar i mogna företag och arbetar med ett aktivt ägande genom styrelsen för att skapa ett långsiktigt värde. Förutom själva återbetalningen av skulderna skapas detta värde genom operationella och strategiska åtgärder där private equity bolagen bistår med sin erfarenhet och kunskap.
Bredberg, David, and Johan Holmquist. "Instigating involvement through consumer-based brand equity : an attitudinal study of consumer-based brand equity and consumer involvement." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-6616.
Full textRecent research on links between dimensions of consumer-based brand equity, as well as links to consumer involvement, has shown that it is a significant predictor of purchase behavior.
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the affect brands have on consumer involvement. We attempt to investigate how consumer-based brand equity affects the level of consumer involvement.
Based on consumer behavior theory and previous research of these areas, gathered primary data (an empirical investigation of students’ attitudes) is analyzed to gain an understanding of how the aforementioned concepts relate to each other.
The findings indicate that there are correlations between consumer-based brand equity and consumer involvement, and that there is more to investigate in this area. Suggestions for further research include a similar study with more measured variables for each dimension, and analyzing them separately instead of creating indexes.
The results of this dissertation may be useful for marketers and manufacturers of the specific products investigated, as well as products of similar nature, in order to apply focus to the attributes which consumers value most.
Tedford, Emily Grace. "The Disposition Effect in the U.S. Equity Options Market." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1460313705.
Full textWerchiniski, Lauren. "The importance of market risk disclosure as related to the interest rates, changes In foreign currency exchange rates, changes in commodity prices, and changes in equity prices /." Access full text, 2004. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/business/2004/thesis_bus_2004_werch_impor.pdf.
Full textFahlén, Anna, and Maria Nilsson. "Co-branding - och dess påverkan på ett företags brand equity." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-82.
Full textBakgrund: Många konkurrerande produkter liknar idag varandra och därför krävs ofta andra egenskaper än bra produkter för att övertala konsumenterna till köp. Ett sätt att förstärka associationskraften i ett varumärke kan vara att samarbeta med ytterligare ett varumärke. Detta kallas för co-branding och handlar om att man genom samarbete drar nytta av ett annat varumärke för att på så vis skapa fördelar som kan stärka det egna varumärket. Det tilläggsvärde som ett varumärke ger den märkta produkten betecknas av begreppet brand equity. Co- branding skulle kunna öka brand equity men det kan även innebära stora problem som skulle kunna minska brand equity.
Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att definiera och beskriva begreppet ”co- branding” ur ett svenskt marknadsperspektiv. Vidare vill vi undersöka om och hur co-branding som varumärkesstrategi genom konsumenterna kan påverka ett företags brand equity.
Genomförande: Uppsatsen bygger på tre små n-studier av de co-brandade produkterna Daimglass, klädkollektionen ”Lagerfeld for H&M” och Vodafonemärkta Sony Ericssontelefoner. Primärdata har samlats in genom två stycken e- mailintervjuer med representanter på Sony Ericsson och H&M. Därtill har 90 stycken intervjuer gjorts med konsumenter.
Resultat: Vi har i vår uppsats kommit fram till en egen definition av begreppet co-branding. Vi kan även konstatera att brand equity kan påverkas på många olika sätt genom de fyra varumärkestillgångarna märkeskännedom, upplevd kvalitet, associationer till varumärket och märkeslojalitet. Slutligen har vi kunnat bidra med några goda råd riktade till de företag som står inför ett co- brandingsamarbete.
Sabzehzar, Hooman. "The role of brand equity in B2B : A comparative cross industrial analysis." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102853.
Full textPersson, Sara, and Roy Österborg. "Private Equity : En kvalitativ studie av hur några svenska Private Equity bolag skapar värde i sina portföljbolag." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-450352.
Full textIn previous years, research has been conducted on private equity and the value creation investors carry out in their portfolio companies. Earlier studies have mainly been done on American and British companies, it is therefore of interest to investigate Swedish private equity companies. A research question was formulated as follows: How do Swedish private equity companies create value in their portfolio companies? To answer the question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four persons employed at different private equity firms. Information was examined and also used from previous research. The results show that (1) goals are a governing factor as well as the starting point for the value-creating work for the PE companies. (2) The strategic plan is created even before the implementation of due diligence and that regular reconciliation are made to follow up the plan. (3) The PE companies exploit their human capital throughout the value-creating process, but above all in the follow-up of the strategic plan and the formulation of goals.
Rescigno, Elizabeth T. "Relationship between Chief Executive Officer Compensation, Duality, and Return on Equity." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10980894.
Full textPoor decisions and conflicts of interest by members of company boards of directors have been a factor in the dramatic rise in chief executive officer (CEO) compensation, resulting in a lower return on equity (ROE) for shareholders. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between CEO compensation, CEO duality, and ROE after controlling for CEO age, CEO tenure, and firm size, as measured by total assets. Agency theory was the theoretical framework for this study. The study examined whether a statistically significant relationship existed between CEO compensation, CEO duality, and ROE, after controlling for CEO age, CEO tenure, and firm size. Archival data were collected and analyzed from a sample of publicly traded firms in the United States listed on the 2016 Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. Hierarchical multiple regression techniques were used to test the relationship between variables. The results indicated that there was not a statistically significant relationship between CEO compensation, CEO duality, and ROE after controlling for CEO age, CEO tenure, and firm size. The study may contribute to positive social change by increasing the potential for board of directors’ members to implement best practices, contributing to reduced shareholder conflicts, less litigation, higher ROE, and enhanced investor confidence benefiting emerging economies and local communities.