Journal articles: 'Equity. Business'

1

Blois, Keith. "Equity within business to business relationships." Journal of Marketing Management 25, no. 5-6 (July 6, 2009): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725709x461795.

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Tasáryová, Katarína, and Renáta Pakšiová. "The Impact of Equity Information as An Important Factor in Assessing Business Performance." Information 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12020085.

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Assessing the business performance is an important aspect of almost all economic decisions at the microeconomic and macroeconomic level, in the short and long term. Information about the partners’ relationship to the business, their interest in the evaluation of investments can be explained by various indicators. It is relevant to understand the dependencies of the business performance and the amount of equity, while negative equity can be considered as critical information of existence. The purpose of quantitative research is to identify the relationship between reported negative equity and the business performance in Slovakia on an exhaustive sample of financial data of businesses with negative equity in the period 2014–2018. The business performance with negative equity is assessed through the Altman Z-score and the IN05 index, by classifying businesses into bankruptcy, prosperity and gray zones. Pearson’s correlation analysis between negative equity and Altman Z-score performance confirms the strong direct relationship between negative equity and the bankruptcy zone, the weaker indirect relationship between negative equity and the gray zone, and almost no dependence of negative equity and prosperity zone. In the case of the IN05 index, a low correlation was found between negative equity and all three zones. Although businesses with negative equity are in a bankruptcy zone, they do not have to close automatically, but they have to improve resource management, in particular to increase equity, for example by making a profit and good financial management.

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Mudrack, Peter E., E. Sharon Mason, and Kim M. Stepeanski. "Equity sensitivity and business ethics." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 72, no. 4 (December 1999): 539–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317999166833.

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Gordon, Geoffrey L., Roger J. Calantone, C. Anthony di Benedetto, Geoffrey L. Gordon, Roger J. Calantone, and C. Anthony di Benedetto. "Brand Equity in the Business‐to‐Business Sector." Journal of Product & Brand Management 2, no. 3 (March 1993): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429310046689.

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Bendixen, Mike, Kalala A. Bukasa, and Russell Abratt. "Brand equity in the business-to-business market." Industrial Marketing Management 33, no. 5 (July 2004): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.10.001.

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Ielpo, Florian. "Equity, credit and the business cycle." Applied Financial Economics 22, no. 12 (February 9, 2012): 939–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2011.631891.

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Turner, Ani. "The Business Case for Racial Equity." National Civic Review 105, no. 1 (March 2016): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.21263.

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M, Teuku Ghalib, and Yuliarto Nugroho B. "Challenges Equity Crowdfunding Company Business Model." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 7, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v7i12p121.

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Beig, Faseeh Amin, and Fayaz Ahmad Nika. "Brand Experience and Brand Equity." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 23, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262919860963.

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Brands are considered as of one of the strategic and valuable assets which drive business organizations in modern times. The increasing competition in the business environment, commoditization of products and rise of informed customers in contemporary times has compelled businesses to focus on hedonic attributes in their product offerings. The scope of experiential marketing goes beyond the traditional marketing as it adds hedonic character to the marketing activity. Brand experience is one such construct which is crucial for organizations and research has shown its influence on brand equity. Thus companies pay significant attention in generating pleasing brand experiences for their customers. For businesses to stay relevant in modern times, they need to pay attention to each aspect of the brand experience for a better brand value. Brand experience provides businesses with multiple opportunities using multiple customer-brand interaction for an enjoyable experience for their customers. This paper has critically analyzed both brand experience and brand equity in the existing literature. And at the same time, relationship between these two constructs is discussed which will provide important directions for future researchers in this domain. This research paper provides valuable insights for marketing managers on the importance of delivering pleasing brand experiences for their customers for a stronger brand equity.

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Raharja, Mahardhika Cipta. "ANALISIS EKUITAS MEREK PADA PERUSAHAAN ONLINE." Mabsya: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Syariah 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mabsya.v1i1.3151.

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This study is an empirical study, entitled "Ekuitas Merek pada Perusahaan Online". The purpose of this study was to analyze the measurement model of brand equity in a online company, that if the traditional measurement model that has been used in the offline company applied to the online company.Subjects in this study were users of social networking site Facebook. The object of this study is brand awareness, brand value, brand trust, brand loyalty, and brand equity. Based on the results of research and data analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that: (1) The level of consumer awareness no positive effect on brand equity from online business brand, (2) The value of the brand is not a positive influence on brand equity from online business brand, (3) Levels consumer trust is not a positive influence on brand equity from online business brand, (4) Positive impact of consumer loyalty to the brand equity of the business brand online, (5) Brand awareness has a positive effect on the value of the brand online business associations, (6) Brand awareness have a positive effect on the association of brand trust in online businesses, (7) The perceived value is not affected positively the trust level of brand in online business; (8) Trust has a positive effect on the level of brand loyalty in business online, and (9) The perceived value has a positive effect on the level of brand loyalty in business online.The implications of the above conclusion that in order to achieve the highest power of a brand, brand equity is measured in the form of an online business, an effort that can be done is to consider each of the dimensions of brand equity, including brand awareness, brand association (in the form of brand value and brand trust), and brand loyalty.

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Ezekiel Olukayode, Adeleke, Efanga Udeme Okon, Yamta H. A., Okafor M. C., and Ihemeje J. C. "Development of Equity Investment Financing Model For Achieving Sustainable Business Productivity in Nigeria." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 611 (November 7, 2020): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.611.236.242.

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Equity investment financing is an innovative way of financing the real sector which has considerable developmental potential. The study empirically determined the effect of Equity investment financing on sustainable increase in productivity among agro-allied small businesses in South-South Nigeria. The instrument of data collection is the research questions structured in a five-point likert scale. The evaluation of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables was performed using the Ordinary Least Square regression technique. The study revealed that equity investment financing has a positive and significant effect on the sustainable productivity of businesses in Nigeria. The study recommended educating small business entrepreneurs on the benefits of equity financing as a viable option towards business growth and expansion and that the government through the various intervention agencies should restructure the long-term loan policies to give access to more growth-oriented agro-allied businesses, to increase their presently low capacity to procure heavy-duty technology to increase productivity and achieve food security in Nigeria. Small business owners should take advantage of the membership of cooperative societies and as well maintain good business relationships with suppliers; this will guarantee a continuous supply of needed materials and uninterrupted operations of the business.

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Maldonado-Guzman, Gonzalo, Sandra Yesenia Pinzón-Castro, and Dolly Anabel Ortiz-Lazcano. "Brand Equity and Business Performance in Family and Non-Family Mexican Small Business." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 10 (September 10, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n10p182.

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Brand equity is a topic that has been analyzed and discussed recently by scholars and researchers in the field of marketing. It is also considered as one of the most successful business strategies which allows enterprises, especially small ones, not only to survive in a highly globalized and competitive market bust also to attain a significant increase in their level of business performance. Moreover, the equity of the brand has commonly been studied from the perspective of big enterprises so there are few investigations focused in the analysis of these variables in small companies. This is why the objective of this empirical research is the analysis and discussion of the effects of equity of brand in business performance in small enterprises from a country with an emerging economy, as it is the case of Mexico. The results obtained show that equity brand in products and services of small enterprises have a positive, significant effect in the level of business performance.

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J. C., Ihemeje, Efanga Udeme Okon, Umoh Emmanuel Alphonsus, Okafor M. C., and Egwu Emmanuel Makoji. "Achieving Sustainable Development in Business Productivity in Nigeria: An Equity Financing Model Approach." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 611 (November 7, 2020): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.611.249.256.

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Equity financing is one of the sources of funding available to non-bank financial institutions which is quite prevalent in developed financial markets for small or start-up firms. This study empirically determined the effect of the Equity Financing Scheme on a sustainable increase in productivity of agro-allied small businesses in Nigeria. Data for this study were elicited through the use of a questionnaire structured in a five-point likert scale. The evaluation of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables was performed using the Ordinary Least Square regression technique. The study revealed that the equity financing scheme had a positive and significant effect on the sustainable productivity of agro-allied small businesses in South-South Nigeria. The study recommended that efforts should be made to educate the small business entrepreneurs on the benefits of equity financing as a viable option towards business growth and expansion and that the government through the various intervention agencies should restructure the long-term loan policies to give access to more growth-oriented agro-allied businesses, to increase their presently low capacity to procure heavy-duty technology to increase productivity and achieve food security in Nigeria. Small business owners should take advantage of the membership of cooperative societies and as well maintain good business relationships with suppliers; this will guarantee a continuous supply of needed materials and uninterrupted operations of the business.

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Sharma, Priyanka, Raghu Nandan Sengupta, and J. David Lichtenthal. "Facets of business-to-business brand equity: mixed-methods approach." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 37, no. 7 (October 7, 2019): 754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-10-2018-0437.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight various aspects of business-to-business brand equity (B2BBE) and explain relative impact of marketing/advertising, research and development (R&D), human resource and distribution network to build compelling business brands that display better firm performance. Design/methodology/approach A total of 51 in-depth semi-structured interviews with distributors and industrial buyers revealed different facets of B2BBE. Generalized method of moments (GMM) was applied on a large-scale panel data set of industrial firms to estimate the effects of firms’ R&D, advertising/marketing, distribution and staff training (proxy to sources of B2BBE) on sales. Findings First, varying levels of product application criticality and end-customer brand stature reflect four distinct organizational purchase requirements, namely, assured performance, prestige, brand leaders and commodity. Second, a taxonomy of five sources of B2BBE (prominence, solutions, accessibility, relationships and network strength) manifests buyers’ interactive experience during the purchase cycle. Third, it illustrates the positive short-term effect of all explanatory variables coupled with the positive long-term impact of R&D on sales. Practical implications Features like B2C brand image, clear and precise product information, credit/flexible payment terms, distributor image, add-on services to the core product and upstream–downstream referrals characterize strong brands. GMM model results help managers, in budget allocation. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in proposing a comprehensive B2BBE framework based on triangulation; deployment of a common structure to simultaneously investigate distributors and industrial buyers, to discover whether their philosophies reinforce/undermine industrial branding strategies; and suggesting the use of GMM model to arrive at actionable insights.

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Steenkamp, Pieter, Frederick Jacobus Herbst, Jacobus Christiaan De Villiers, Marlize Terblanche-Smit, and Holger J. Schmidt. "Servbrand Framework: A Business-To-Business Services Brand Equity Framework." Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing 27, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1051712x.2020.1713560.

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Lambkin, Mary C., and Laurent Muzellec. "Leveraging brand equity in business-to-business mergers and acquisitions." Industrial Marketing Management 39, no. 8 (November 2010): 1234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.02.020.

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17

Khedmati, Mehdi, Edwin KiaYang Lim, Vic Naiker, and Farshid Navissi. "Business Strategy and the Cost of Equity Capital: An Evaluation of Pure versus Hybrid Business Strategies." Journal of Management Accounting Research 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 111–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-52171.

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ABSTRACT We examine the effect of pure (product differentiation or cost leadership) versus hybrid (a mix of product differentiation and cost leadership) business strategies on the cost of equity capital. Our results suggest that firms with a pure, relative to a hybrid, business strategy have a significantly lower cost of equity, and the cost of equity effect is equally driven by pure product differentiation and pure cost leadership strategies. We also find that firms following a pure business strategy are associated with lower systematic risk. Further, the lower cost of equity effect of a pure product differentiation strategy is more pronounced in high-technology industries and in regions with greater innovative capital. Our findings are robust to an array of robustness checks including change specification regressions and various methods for addressing endogeneity. Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.

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Clark, Ian. "Private Equity in the UK: Job Regulation and Trade Unions." Journal of Industrial Relations 51, no. 4 (September 2009): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185609339514.

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Private equity represents a ‘new actor’ in the British business system with the capacity to have a significant impact on industrial relations. However, while private equity and its associated business model appear as significant factors in corporate governance and industrial relations, neither the sector nor the business model has been evaluated theoretically or empirically. Indeed, for the UK at firm level the ways in which business strategy and job regulation are shaped by private equity are unclear other than by references made to institutional configuration in the business system — short-termism. This article outlines what private equity is, details its associated business model, describes how the sector affects workers and summarizes how trade unions have responded to the private equity business model.

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Corbett, James, Temi Olafunmiloye, and Joseph R. Betancourt. "The Business Case for Mental Health Equity." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 43, no. 3 (September 2020): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2020.04.001.

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Hinchberger, Bill. "Private equity: New cash for expanding business." Africa Renewal 26, no. 2 (August 12, 2012): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/025542df-en.

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Carl, Helen. "Wage Equity in Business and Office Occupations." Journal of Education for Business 61, no. 4 (January 1986): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832323.1986.10772698.

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N. "Success in Business-A Brand Equity Perspective." American Journal of Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.388.391.

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Pavlova, D. "Customer equity management: The new business philosophy." Trakia Journal of Sciences 13, Suppl.1 (2015): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2015.s.01.056.

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Kizys, Renatas, and Christian Pierdzioch. "Business-cycle fluctuations and international equity correlations." Global Finance Journal 17, no. 2 (December 2006): 252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2006.05.002.

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Syed Alwi, Sharifah Faridah, Bang Nguyen, TC Melewar, Yeat Hui Loh, and Martin Liu. "Explicating industrial brand equity." Industrial Management & Data Systems 116, no. 5 (June 13, 2016): 858–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2015-0364.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore brand equity from multiple perspectives (tangible and intangible) and their joint consequences, namely, on industrial buyers’ brand loyalty and their long-term commitment. The aim is to provide a more comprehensive framework of the buyer’s behavioral response in the business-to-business context by integrating both trust elements and industrial brand attributes (brand performance and industrial brand image). In addition, the study explores the mediation effects of trust and brand attributes on industrial buyers’ responses such as loyalty and long-term commitment. Design/methodology/approach – Using a survey approach, the study includes respondents working in the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry in Malaysia, and data are collected in the industrial air-conditioning segment. The research model was tested with SEM. Findings – Findings show that brand performance and industrial brand image directly affect brand trust but with different effects on buyers’ commitment and loyalty. Interestingly, industrial brand image only mediates the responses via brand trust, while brand performance has a direct effect. Thus, both brand performance and industrial brand image build buyer trust. But in this context, it is brand performance rather than industrial brand image that influences long-term commitment and loyalty. The study concludes that in the HVAC industry, brand performance, industrial brand image, buyer trust, industrial loyalty and commitment build brand equity. Originality/value – Significant research reveals that, in business-to-business contexts, brand equity depends on the supplier’s brand trust and attributes of the brand such as brand image and brand performance. While useful in guiding a supplier’s or industry’s brand strategy, the study of both brand trust and brand attributes has led to only a partial explanation of the supplier’s or industry’s brand equity. The present research explores industrial brand equity, focussing on tangible assets (performance) and intangible assets (brand image), and their joint consequences.

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Liu, Zheng, and Pengfei Wang. "Credit Constraints and Self-Fulfilling Business Cycles." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 32–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.6.1.32.

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We argue that credit constraints not only amplify fundamental shocks, they can also lead to self-fulfilling business cycles. We study a model with heterogeneous firms, in which imperfect contract enforcement implies that productive firms face binding credit constraints, with the borrowing capacity limited by expected equity value. A drop in equity value tightens credit constraints and reallocates resources from productive to unproductive firms. Such reallocation reduces aggregate productivity, further depresses equity value, generating a financial multiplier. Aggregate dynamics are isomorphic to those in a representative-agent economy with increasing returns. For sufficiently tight credit constraints, the model generates self-fulfilling business cycles. (JEL E13, E32, E44)

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Bachkirov, Alexandre Anatolievich, and Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin. "Reward allocation decision making in Arab-Islamic business organizations." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 10, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 536–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-12-2016-0177.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate monetary reward allocation decision-making in an Arab-Islamic business environment. Design/methodology/approach In this mixed-method (quantitative/qualitative) study, data were obtained from a sample of 342 practicing managers of different genders and educational levels working in different industries at different organizational levels in Oman. Findings The more individualistic personal orientation, the more likely the decision makers are to allocate the biggest reward to the best performer and to believe that the equity principle is best for distributing rewards. In the context of a society transitioning from collectivistic to individualistic cultural values, the level of education is associated with preference for the equity principle in reward allocations. Research limitations/implications The reported findings advance the theoretical understanding of how an emic perspective can explain reward allocation decision-making in Arab-Islamic environment. Practical implications Practical implications of this study lie in the guidance that global managers can draw regarding which allocation principle to use in which cultural context: the principle of equity – not equality, need or seniority – is embraced by organizations in the Arabian Gulf. Originality/value The study examines reward allocation decision-making behavior in the under-researched context of the Arabian Gulf and adds to the body of knowledge based on data obtained from practicing managers rather than college students.

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Umar, Azmi, and Rohana Ngah. "The Relationship of Entrepreneurial Competencies and Business Success of Malaysian SMEs: The Mediating Role of Innovation and Brand Equity." ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v2i2.10027.

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This conceptual paperis to study the relationship of entrepreneurial competencies on business success in the context of Malaysian SMEs. Inthe recent study, when the business environment is hostile and dynamic, the entrepreneurial competencies are identified as the most important factor in business success. Entrepreneurial competencies are also connected directly to business performance.Beside entrepreneurial competencies, the entrepreneurs should also be competent to create an innovation and brand equity for business growth. The innovation and brand equity contributed to competitive advantages that lead to business growth and success. This paper adopts the Resource Based Theory (RBT) which emphasize that entrepreneurial competencies, innovation, and brand equity are valuable and intangible resources that lead towards the success of business. There is a dearth of studies that have examined the influence of innovation and brand equity on the relationship of entrepreneurial competencies on thesuccess of Malaysian SMEs business. Therefore the current study strives to investigate the mediating impact of innovation and brand equity on the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs business success. This conceptual study will contribute to the existing body knowledge as well as to entrepreneurs of Malaysian’s SMEs.

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Stulz, René M. "Public versus private equity." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 36, no. 2 (2020): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa003.

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Abstract The last 20 years or so have seen a sharp decline in public equity. I present a framework that explains the forces that cause the listing propensity of firms to change over time. This framework highlights the benefits and costs of a public listing compared to the benefits and costs of financing with private equity. With this framework, the decline in public equity is explained by the increased supply of funds for private equity and changes in the nature of firms. The increase in the importance of intangible assets makes it costlier for young firms to be public when the alternative is funding through private equity from investors who have specialized knowledge that enables them to better understand the business model of young firms and contribute to the development of that business model in contrast to passive public equity investors.

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Biedenbach, Galina. "Brand equity in the business-to-business context: Examining the structural composition." Journal of Brand Management 19, no. 8 (January 6, 2012): 688–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/bm.2011.60.

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D. Benson, Earl, and Sophie X. Kong. "The influence of U.S. equity returns on Asian-Pacific equity markets." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(4).2019.05.

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This paper examines monthly and daily returns in eleven Asian-Pacific equity markets and the U.S. market, showing that the Asian-Pacific markets systematically follow the returns in the U.S. market (S&amp;P 500 index). For investment managers, the important findings include the fact that each Asian-Pacific market moves differently in response to U.S. market changes over a given time period and the response of most of these markets to changes in the U.S. market is not stable over time. Therefore, in their attempt to diversify a portfolio using individual Asian-Pacific country equities, past correlations and covariances are not necessarily a good predictor of future values, especially for the less developed countries. On average, more developed markets react more strongly to U.S. market changes than do the less developed markets. All markets exhibit asymmetries relative to the U.S. market, where reactions are stronger following down-days than following up-days. Finally, the tests suggest that the Asian-Pacific markets have little or no influence on U.S. market returns.

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Atkins, Rachel. "Homeownership, Home Equity, and Black-Owned Business Starts." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (August 2020): 14428. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.14428abstract.

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Black, Keith H. "Business Development Companies: Cashing In on Private Equity?" CFA Digest 35, no. 1 (February 2005): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v35.n1.1601.

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Ng, Anthony C., and Zabihollah Rezaee. "Business sustainability performance and cost of equity capital." Journal of Corporate Finance 34 (October 2015): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.08.003.

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Carter, Richard B., and Howard E. Van Auken. "Personal Equity Investment and Small Business Financial Difficulties." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 15, no. 2 (January 1991): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879101500206.

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Smith, Julie. "Gambling Taxation: Public Equity in the Gambling Business." Australian Economic Review 33, no. 2 (June 2000): 120–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.00143.

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Chin, Marshall H. "Creating the Business Case for Achieving Health Equity." Journal of General Internal Medicine 31, no. 7 (February 16, 2016): 792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3604-7.

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Morelli, Juan M. "Limited Participation in Equity Markets and Business Cycles." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 026 (April 30, 2021): 1–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.026.

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This paper studies how the rise in US households' participation in equity markets affects the transmission of macroeconomic shocks to the economy. I embed limited participation into a New Keynesian framework for the US economy to analyze the individual and aggregate effects of higher participation. I derive three main results. First, participants are relatively more responsive to shocks than nonparticipants. Second, higher participation reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy. Third, with higher participation the economy becomes less volatile. I contrast key predictions of my model with new micro-level empirical evidence on the response of consumption to monetary policy shocks.

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McKoy Jr., Henry Clay, and James H. Johnson Jr. "Do Business Ecosystems See Color?" International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (July 2018): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2018070106.

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This article describes an American community survey and a survey of business owners of which the data are merged to assess the experiences of minority- versus white-owned small businesses between 2007 and 2012. This is highlighted due to it being a period encompassing the worst economic downturn since The Great Depression. White firms declined while minority firms grew rapidly. Despite recent efforts to create inclusive entrepreneurial and business ecosystems, however, minority business owners made little progress toward achieving equity or parity with white business owners. Policy prescriptions and implications for future research are discussed.

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Zheng, Zuxuan, Ye Zhou, Da Li, and Tao Zhao. "Non-circulating equity and excessive equity financing." Frontiers of Business Research in China 1, no. 3 (July 2007): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11782-007-0025-9.

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Getz, Malcolm. "EQUITY." Bottom Line 6, no. 1 (January 1993): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb025367.

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Tran, Quang Bach, Quoc Hoi Le, Hoai Nam Nguyen, Dieu Linh Tran, Thi Thuy Quynh Nguyen, and Thi Thanh Thuy Tran. "The Impact of Brand Equity on Employee’s Opportunistic Behavior: A Case Study on Enterprises in Vietnam." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040164.

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Brand is considered a valuable asset that a business wants to create and maintain growth throughout its business cycle. This paper examines the impact of corporate brand equity on employees’ opportunistic behavior. The paper uses quantitative research methods, through linear SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) analysis of structural model with a scale of 609 samples of employees of enterprises in Vietnam. The research results show that corporate brand equity has a negative impact on employees’ opportunistic behavior. In the relationship between these two factors, trust and emotional engagement act as intermediate factors. Additionally, the research demonstrates that trust has a positive effect on all three components of employee engagement, including emotional engagement, computational engagement, and standards-based engagement. On that basis, the research suggests a number of recommendations to minimize the opportunistic behavior of employees in the enterprise. The findings of this study have shown the importance and impact of brand equity on employee opportunistic behavior. These are meaningful contributions in both theory and practice to help businesses gain deeper insight into brand equity and the need to pay attention to building and developing durable brand equity for businesses. At the same time, it is an important basis for the next research projects.

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Arianwuri, Fidya Gumilang, Sutrisno T, and Yeney Widya Prihatiningtyas. "PENGARUH STRATEGI BISNIS PERUSAHAAN DAN KOMPETISI PASAR EKUITAS TERHADAP RISIKO CRASH HARGA SAHAM DENGAN OVERVALUED EQUITIES SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI." Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan 7, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v7i1.10.

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Business Strategy, Equity Market Competition, Overvalued Equities, and Stock Price CrashRisk. The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of prospector business strategyand defender business strategy, equity market competition, and indirect effect of prospectorbusiness strategy on stock price crash risk through ovevalued equities. The sample of thisresearch are 192 companies that are divided into 96 prospector business strategy and 96 defender business strategy during 2010-2016. This study uses a secondary data from financialreport, number of investor, and stock price information. Which is obtained from the officialwebsite of IDX, KSEI and yahoo finance. The results of this study indicate that the prospectorbusiness strategy effect on the stock price crash risk, while the defender business strategy doesnot affect on stock price crash risk. The equity market competition is proven to reduce the stockprice crash risk. The existence of a prospector business strategy will tend to overvalued equitieswhich in turn, increase stock price crash risk.Ke ywords: defender business strategy, equity market competition, overvalued equities, prospector business strategy, stock price crash risk

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Boudreaux, Denis O., Praveen Das, Nancy Rumore, and SPUma Rao. "A Better Way To Measure The Cost Of Equity Capital For Small Closely Held Firms." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2012): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i2.6789.

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A companys cost of capital is the average rate it pays for the use of its capital funds. Estimating the cost of equity capital for a publicly traded firm is much simpler than estimating the same for a small privately held firm. For privately owned firms there is the lack of market based financial information. In business damage cases, valuation of the firm is often a prime interest. A necessary variable in the valuation process is the estimate of the firms cost of capital. Part of the cost of capital is the equity holders or owners required rate of return. The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical structure that underlies the valuation process for business damage cases that involve privately owned businesses. Specifically, cost of equity capital estimate methods which appear in the current literature are examined, and a theoretically correct and simple method to measure cost of equity capital for closely held companies is offered.

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Shore, Ted H., and Judy Strauss. "Measurement of Equity Sensitivity: A Comparison of the Equity Sensitivity Instrument and Equity Preference Questionnaire." Psychological Reports 102, no. 1 (February 2008): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.1.64-78.

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The psychometric properties of the Equity Sensitivity Instrument (Huseman, Hatfield, & Miles, 1985, 1987) and Equity Preference Questionnaire (Sauley & Bedeian, 2000) are compared. 173 undergraduate business majors completed several work attitude and personality measures. Results suggest that the Equity Preference Questionnaire may be a better measure of the equity sensitivity construct than the Equity Sensitivity Instrument which is typically used in research. Reliabilities for the scores on the Equity Sensitivity Instrument and Equity Preference Questionnaire were equivalent (coefficient alphas of .85 and .86, respectively); however, evidence for convergent and content validity was greater for the Equity Preference Questionnaire. Understanding individual differences in perceptions of equity and how best to measure these differences can affect workplace outcomes (e.g., turnover, employee engagement).

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Sukoco, Badri Munir. "The effects of relatedness, number of partners, and learning on equity contributions in joint ventures." Journal of Strategy and Management 9, no. 2 (May 16, 2016): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-10-2014-0086.

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Purpose – Equity contributions in joint ventures (JVs) formation are crucial and how firms decide to contribute its equity less has been explored. Based on the equity theory, the purpose of this paper is to argue that the perceived benefits-to-cost (B/C) ratio of their partners determines the level of contribution made by a focal firm. This study then argues that business relatedness, number of partners, and learning orientation in JVs are the determinants. The conditions that explain the moderating effects of business relatedness and number of partners on the likelihood of an equity contribution are also discussed. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 853 high tech industry ventures in USA spanning from 1995 to 2008 are used to test the developed hypotheses. Findings – A firm tends to employ disproportional equity contributions when their business highly related with its partners, which is similar to high number of partners dues to low B/C ratio. On the other hand, exploration JVs leads firms to employ proportional equity contributions. Further, this study shows that exploration learning positively moderates the effect of business relatedness on the likelihood of proportional equity contribution. Originality/value – This study extends the equity theory by integrating the logic of resource-based view and organizational learning into the formation of JVs.

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Hopkins, Patrick E., Richard W. Houston, and Michael F. Peters. "Purchase, Pooling, and Equity Analysts' Valuation Judgments." Accounting Review 75, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 257–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2000.75.3.257.

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We provide evidence that analysts' stock-price judgments depend on (1) the method of accounting for a business combination and (2) the number of years that have elapsed since the business combination. Consistent with business-press reports of managers' concerns, analysts' stock-price judgments are lowest when a company applies the purchase method of accounting and ratably amortizes the acquisition premium. The number of years since the business combination affects analysts' price estimates only when the company applies the purchase method and ratably amortizes goodwill—analysts' price estimates are lower when the business-combination transaction is further in the past. However, this joint effect of accounting method and timing is mitigated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board's proposed income-statement format requiring companies to report separate line items for after-tax income before goodwill charges and net-of-tax goodwill charges. When a company uses the purchase method of accounting and writes off the acquisition premium as in-process research and development, analysts' stockprice judgments are not statistically different from their judgments when a company applies pooling-of-interest accounting.

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Stepnoff, Igor M., and Julia A. Kovalchuk. "Digital challenges and tax equity." Digital Law Journal 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/dlj-2020-1-1-39-58.

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Historically, tax reforms have always been a response to societal transformations, which aim to modernize relations between states, businesses and citizens. The contemporary digital transformations of social relations intensified by globalization have become another challenge. The tax system has been at the centre of ongoing changes. Consequently, there arises a need for reforms of tax systems. Likewise, it is necessary to reassess and review the principles ensuring the efficiency of such systems.The research aim is to investigate the impact of the digital society and economy on tax equity. This purpose also includes a critical analysis and a summary of the ways in which tax systems in different countries and corporations respond to digital challenges. The challenges in question are associated with tax burden on the activity of the abovementioned entities when they implement business models in virtual reality.The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of the Russian tax law with particular regard to the mandatory elements of taxation. Additionally, the research method involves the classical principles of taxation such as equity, certainty, convenience and economy. The authors have also developed an original approach to consider the formation of excess profits by digital companies and digital rentiers.The analysis of the terms ‘digital presence’, ‘market jurisdiction’ was conducted with due consideration of jurisdiction in digital markets directly related to the activity of digital platforms. The paper also examined the potential opportunities and dangers that arise in the process of automated payment of taxes in each deal. Furthermore, specific problems regarding the determination of border crossing by an intangible asset or a provided service which can consist of both a tangible asset and a digital service were addressed. The research on the impact of digital solutions in business was performed in conjunction with the analysis of the European approach to similar issues. In accordance with the European framework, attribution of profits to the jurisdictions of those countries where consumers reside establishes the principles of equity. Based on this evidence, therefore, it was demonstrated that it is becoming a fundamental necessity in modern society to increase tax certainty of virtual businesses despite the opportunist attitude of some companies (with respect to national governments) as well as governments (with respect to the global economy). As taxpayers’ physical presence in a particular jurisdiction to generate profits which form the tax base is no longer required, a balance between national tax systems and the appearance of supranational taxation should be found. This objective poses a risk of failing to provide conditions necessary to ensure tax equity.The thesis that tax competition exists in countries and various territories was supported, which enabled the authors to demonstrate potential of concerted effort to develop supranational taxation aimed at tax equity restoring. Furthermore, such mandatory elements of taxation as ‘object of taxation’, ‘tax base’, ‘tax rate’ are still valid in the digital world. At the same time the evolution of business models used by digital and supranational companies, servicization of the economy, digital service development and smart products creation require revising the definitions of these terms.

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Boumosleh, Anwar, Abdallah Dah, and Mustafa Dah. "Internal Capital Markets And Equity Restructuring." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 6 (October 31, 2012): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i6.7402.

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Inefficient internal capital market is often blamed for conglomerate diversification discount. While the positive market reaction to spin-off announcements is in conformity with that claim, the abnormal market return on tracking stock announcements is certainly not. This paper investigates the possibility of a bright side for internal capital markets in conglomerates that track business units as a mean of equity restructuring. This paper finds no evidence of a diversification discount for firms with a tracking stock. Partial support on the presence of diversification discount is found for a pair-matched sample of spin-off firms. This paper also finds evidence on more efficient internal capital markets for the sample of tracking-stock firms. The results may suggest that the conglomerates choice between tracking business units or spin-off of business units depends on the efficient allocation of internally generated funds.

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Alhidari, Abdullah M., Johara Alassaf, and Ahmed Al-Motawa. "Store equity: reformulation of store equity dimensions." International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 30, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2019.1615530.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Equity. Business'

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