Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equivalence theorem

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Equivalence theorem'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Equivalence theorem"

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Wulzer, Andrea. "An Equivalent Gauge and the Equivalence Theorem." Nuclear Physics B 885 (August 2014): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2014.05.021.

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Veltman, H. "The equivalence theorem." Physical Review D 41, no. 7 (April 1, 1990): 2294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.41.2294.

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Bagger, Jonathan, and Carl Schmidt. "Equivalence theorem redux." Physical Review D 41, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.41.264.

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Fu, Yaoshun, and Wensheng Yu. "Formalization of the Equivalence among Completeness Theorems of Real Number in Coq." Mathematics 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9010038.

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The formalization of mathematics based on theorem prover becomes increasingly important in mathematics and computer science, and, particularly, formalizing fundamental mathematical theories becomes especially essential. In this paper, we describe the formalization in Coq of eight very representative completeness theorems of real numbers. These theorems include the Dedekind fundamental theorem, Supremum theorem, Monotone convergence theorem, Nested interval theorem, Finite cover theorem, Accumulation point theorem, Sequential compactness theorem, and Cauchy completeness theorem. We formalize the real number theory strictly following Landau’s Foundations of Analysis where the Dedekind fundamental theorem can be proved. We extend this system and complete the related notions and properties for finiteness and sequence. We prove these theorems in turn from Dedekind fundamental theorem, and finally prove the Dedekind fundamental theorem by the Cauchy completeness theorem. The full details of formal proof are checked by the proof assistant Coq, which embodies the characteristics of reliability and interactivity. This work can lay the foundation for many applications, especially in calculus and topology.
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Coskey, Samuel. "Ioana's Superrigidity Theorem and Orbit Equivalence Relations." ISRN Algebra 2013 (December 30, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/387540.

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We give a survey of Adrian Ioana's cocycle superrigidity theorem for profinite actions of Property (T) groups and its applications to ergodic theory and set theory in this expository paper. In addition to a statement and proof of Ioana's theorem, this paper features the following: (i) an introduction to rigidity, including a crash course in Borel cocycles and a summary of some of the best-known superrigidity theorems; (ii) some easy applications of superrigidity, both to ergodic theory (orbit equivalence) and set theory (Borel reducibility); and (iii) a streamlined proof of Simon Thomas's theorem that the classification of torsion-free abelian groups of finite rank is intractable.
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James, Daniel F. V., and Emil Wolf. "A spectral equivalence theorem." Optics Communications 72, no. 1-2 (July 1989): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(89)90246-0.

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Righetti, Mattia. "On Bohr's equivalence theorem." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 445, no. 1 (January 2017): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2016.08.028.

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Lin, F., and Y. Chen. "Discovering Classes of Strongly Equivalent Logic Programs." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 28 (April 10, 2007): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2131.

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In this paper we apply computer-aided theorem discovery technique to discover theorems about strongly equivalent logic programs under the answer set semantics. Our discovered theorems capture new classes of strongly equivalent logic programs that can lead to new program simplification rules that preserve strong equivalence. Specifically, with the help of computers, we discovered exact conditions that capture the strong equivalence between a rule and the empty set, between two rules, between two rules and one of the two rules, between two rules and another rule, and between three rules and two of the three rules.
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Pakes, Anthony G. "Convolution Equivalence and Infinite Divisibility: Corrections and Corollaries." Journal of Applied Probability 44, no. 02 (June 2007): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200002977.

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Corrections are made to formulations and proofs of some theorems about convolution equivalence closure for random sum distributions. These arise because of the falsity of a much used asymptotic equivalence lemma, and they impinge on the convolution equivalence closure theorem for general infinitely divisible laws.
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Pakes, Anthony G. "Convolution Equivalence and Infinite Divisibility: Corrections and Corollaries." Journal of Applied Probability 44, no. 02 (June 2007): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200117838.

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Corrections are made to formulations and proofs of some theorems about convolution equivalence closure for random sum distributions. These arise because of the falsity of a much used asymptotic equivalence lemma, and they impinge on the convolution equivalence closure theorem for general infinitely divisible laws.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equivalence theorem"

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Törnkvist, Robin. "Tychonoff's theorem and its equivalence with the axiom of choice." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-107423.

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In this essay we give an elementary introduction to topology so that we can prove Tychonoff’s theorem, and also its equivalence with the axiom of choice.
Denna uppsats tillhandahåller en grundläggande introduktion till topologi för att sedan bevisa Tychonoff’s theorem, samt dess ekvivalens med urvalsaxiomet.
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Barra, Aleams. "Equivalence Theorems and the Local-Global Property." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/math_etds/5.

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In this thesis we revisit some classical results about the MacWilliams equivalence theorems for codes over fields and rings. These theorems deal with the question whether, for a given weight function, weight-preserving isomorphisms between codes can be described explicitly. We will show that a condition, which was already known to be sufficient for the MacWilliams equivalence theorem, is also necessary. Furthermore we will study a local-global property that naturally generalizes the MacWilliams equivalence theorems. Making use of F-partitions, we will prove that for various subgroups of the group of invertible matrices the local-global extension principle is valid.
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Pllaha, Tefjol. "Equivalence of Classical and Quantum Codes." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/math_etds/59.

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In classical and quantum information theory there are different types of error-correcting codes being used. We study the equivalence of codes via a classification of their isometries. The isometries of various codes over Frobenius alphabets endowed with various weights typically have a rich and predictable structure. On the other hand, when the alphabet is not Frobenius the isometry group behaves unpredictably. We use character theory to develop a duality theory of partitions over Frobenius bimodules, which is then used to study the equivalence of codes. We also consider instances of codes over non-Frobenius alphabets and establish their isometry groups. Secondly, we focus on quantum stabilizer codes over local Frobenius rings. We estimate their minimum distance and conjecture that they do not underperform quantum stabilizer codes over fields. We introduce symplectic isometries. Isometry groups of binary quantum stabilizer codes are established and then applied to the LU-LC conjecture.
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Van, Zyl Jacobus Visser. "On the Latimer-MacDuffee theorem for polynomials over finite fields." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6581.

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Thesis (PhD (Mathematical Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
Includes bibliography.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Latimer & MacDuffee showed in 1933 that there is a one-to-one correspondence between equivalence classes of matrices with a given minimum polynomial and equivalence classes of ideals of a certain ring. In the case where the matrices are taken over the integers, Behn and Van der Merwe developed an algorithm in 2002 to produce a representative in each equivalence class. We extend this algorithm to matrices taken over the ring Fq[T] of polynomials over a finite field and prove a modified version of the Latimer-MacDuffee theorem which holds for proper equivalence classes of matrices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Latimer & MacDuffee het in 1933 bewys dat daar 'n een-tot-een korrespondensie is tussen ekwivalensieklasse van matrikse met 'n gegewe minimumpolinoom en ekwivalensieklasse van ideale van 'n sekere ring. In die geval waar die matrikse heeltallige inskrywings het, het Behn en Van der Merwe in 2002 'n algoritme ontwikkel om verteenwoordigers in elke ekwivalensieklas voort te bring. Ons brei hierdie algoritme uit na die geval van matrikse met inskrywings in die ring Fq[T] van polinome oor 'n eindige liggaam en ons bewys 'n gewysigde weergawe van die Latimer-MacDuffee stelling wat geld vir klasse van streng ekwivalente matrikse.
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Ling, Chen. "THREE ESSAYS ON DIFFERENTIAL GAMES AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3887.

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This dissertation consists of three chapters on the topic of differential games and resource economics. The first chapter extends the envelope theorem to the class of discounted infinite horizon differential games that posses locally differentiable Nash equilibria. The theorems cover both the open-loop and feedback information structures, and are applied to a simple analytically solvable linear-quadratic game. The results show that the conventional interpretation of the costate variable as the shadow value of the state variable along the equilibrium path is only valid for feedback Nash equilibria, but not for open-loop Nash equilibria. The specific linear-quadratic structure provides some extra insights on the theorem. For example, the costate variable is shown to uniformly overestimate the shadow value of the state variable in the open-loop case, but the growth rate of the costate variable are the same as the shadow value under open-loop and feedback information structures. Chapter two investigates the qualitative properties of symmetric open-loop Nash equilibria for a ubiquitous class of discounted infinite horizon differential games. The results show that the specific functional forms and the value of parameters used in the game are crucial in determining the local asymptotic stability of steady state, the steady state comparative statics, and the local comparative dynamics. Several sufficient conditions are provided to identify a local saddle point type of steady state. An important steady state policy implication from the model is that functional forms and parameter values are not only quantitatively important to differentiate policy tools, but they are also qualitatively important. Chapter three shifts the interests to the lottery mechanism for rationing public resources. It characterizes the optimal pricing strategies of lotteries for a welfare-maximization agency. The optimal prices are shown to be positive for a wide range of individual private value distributions, suggesting that the sub-optimal pricing may result in a significant efficiency loss and that the earlier studies under zero-pricing may need to be re-examined. In addition, I identify the revenue and welfare equivalency propositions across lottery institutions. Finally, the numerical simulations strongly support the findings.
Ph.D.
Department of Economics
Business Administration
Economics PhD
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Klymchuk, Tetiana. "Stratification theory of matrix pairs under equivalence and contragredient equivalence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667132.

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We develop the theory of perturbations of matrix pencils basing on their miniversal deformations. Several applications of this theory are given. All possible Kronecker pencils that are canonical forms of pencils in an arbitrary small neighbourhood of a given pencil were described by A. Pokrzywa (Linear Algebra Appl., 1986). His proof is very abstract and unconstructive. Even more abstract proof of Pokrzywa’s theorem was given by K. Bongartz (Advances in Mathematics, 1996); he uses the representation theory of finite dimensional algebras. The main purpose of this thesis is to give a direct, constructive, and rather elementary proof of Pokrzywa’s theorem. We first show that it is sufficient to prove Pokrzywa’s theorem only for pencils that are direct sums of at most two indecomposable Kronecker pencils. Then we prove Pokrzywa’s theorem for such pencils. The latter problem is very simplified due to the following observation: it is sufficient to find Kronecker's canonical forms of only those pencils that are obtained by miniversal perturbations of a given pencil. We use miniversal deformations of matrix pencils that are given by M. I. García-Planas and V. V. Sergeichuk (Linear Algebra Appl., 1999) because their deformations have many zero entries unlike the miniversal deformations given by A. Edelman, E. Elmroth, and B. Kagstrom (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 1997). Thus, we give not only all possible Kronecker’s canonical forms, but also the corresponding deformations of a given pencil, which is important for applications of this theory. P. Van Dooren (Linear Algebra Appl., 1979) constructed an algorithm for computing all singular summands of Kronecker’s canonical form of a matrix pencil. His algorithm uses only unitary transformations, which improves its numerical stability. We extend Van Dooren’s algorithm both to square complex matrices under consimilarity transformations and to pairs of complex matrices under mixed equivalence. We describe all pairs (A, B) of m-by-n and n-by-m complex matrices for which the product CD is a versal deformation of AB, in which (C, D) is the miniversal deformation of (A, B) under contragredient equivalence given by M. I. García-Planas and V. V. Sergeichuk (Linear Algebra Appl., 1999). We find all canonical matrix pairs (A, B) under contragredient equivalence, for which the first order induced perturbations are nonzero for all nonzero miniversal deformations of (A, B). This problem arises in the theory of differential matrix equations dx= ABx. A complex matrix pencil is called structurally stable if there exists its neighbourhood in which all pencils are strictly equivalent to it. We describe all complex matrix pencils that are structurally stable. We show that there are no pairs of complex matrices that are structurally stable with respect to contragredient equivalence.
Es desenvolupa la teoria de pertorbacions de feixos de matrius a partir de les seves deformacions miniversals. Es donen diverses aplicacions d'aquesta teoria. A. Pokrzywa (Linear Algebra Appl., 1986) va descriure tots els possibles feixos en la seva forma de Kronecker que són formes canòniques dels feixos que es poden trobar en un petit entorn arbitrari d'un feix prèviament determinat. La demostració que presentava és molt abstracta i no constructiva. K. Bongartz (Advances in Mathematics, 1996) va donar una demostració encara més abstracta del teorema de Pokrzywa; utilitzant resultats de la teoria de representació d'àlgebres de dimensió finita. L’objectiu principal de aquesta tesi és presentar una demostració directa, constructiva i bastant elemental del teorema de Pokrzywa. Primer, es demostra que per a provar el teorema de Pokrzywa és suficient provar-lo solament per a feixos que són sumes directes de, com màxim, dos feixos de Kronecker indescomponibles. Per a continuació, provar el teorema de Pokrzywa per aquests feixos. L’últim problema es simplifica molt degut a la següent observació: és suficient per trobar les formes canòniques de Kronecker de només aquells feixox que s’obtenen de deformacions miniversals d’un feix determinat. Utilitzem les deformacions de feixos de matrius obtingudes per MI García-Planas i VV Sergeichuk (Linear Algebra Appl., 1999) perquè les seves deformacions tenen moltes entrades nul·les, a diferència de les deformacions miniversals obtingudes per A. Edelman, E. Elmroth i B. Kagstrom (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 1997). Per tant, no solament donem totes les formes canòniques de Kronecker possibles, sinó també les deformacions corresponents a un feix prèviament fixat, la qual cosa és important per a les aplicacions d’aquesta teoria. P. Van Dooren (Linear Algebra Appl., 1979) va construir un algoritme per calcular tots els sumands singulars de la forma canònica de Kronecker, d’un feix de matrius. El seu algoritme utilitza solament transformacions unitàries, el que millora la seva estabilitat numèrica. Estenem l’algoritme de Van Dooren tant a matrius complexes quadrades respecte transformacions de cosimilaritat com a parells de matrius complexes respecte l’equivalència mixta. Descrivim tots els parells (A, B) de matrius complexes m per n i n per m, per les quals el producte CD és una deformació versal de AB, en la que (C, D) és la deformació miniversal de (A, B) respecte l’equivalència contragredient donada per MI García-Planas y VV Sergeichuk (Linear Algebra Appl., 1999). Descrivim tots los pares de matrius canòniques (A, B) respecte l’equivalència contragredient, per les quals les pertorbacions de primer ordre induïdes són diferents de cero para totes les deformacions miniversals no nul·les d¿(A, B). Aquest problema apareix en la teoria de les equacions matricials diferencials dx = ABx. Un feix de matrius complexes es diu estructuralment estable si existeix un entorn en el que tots els feixos són equivalents a ell respecte una relació d’equivalència considerada. Descrivim tots els feixos de matrius complexes que són estructuralment estables respecte la equivalència estricta. Mostrem que no hi ha parelles de matrius complexes que són estructuralment estables respecto l’equivalència contragredient.
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Jacinto, Bruno. "Necessitism, contingentism and theory equivalence." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8814.

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Two main questions are addressed in this dissertation, namely: 1. What is the correct higher-order modal theory; 2. What does it take for theories to be equivalent. The whole dissertation consists of an extended argument in defence of the joint truth of two higher-order modal theories, namely, Plantingan Moderate Contingentism, a higher-order necessitist theory advocated by Plantinga (1974) and committed to the contingent being of some individuals, and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism, a higher-order necessitist theory advocated by Williamson (2013) and committed to the necessary being of every possible individual. The case for the truth of these two theories relies on defences of the following metaphysical theses: i) Thorough Serious Actualism, according to which no things could have been related and yet be nothing, ii) Higher-Order Necessitism, according to which necessarily, every higher-order entity is necessarily something. It is shown that Thorough Serious Actualism and Higher-Order Necessitism are both implicit commitments of very weak logical theories. Prima facie, Plantingan Moderate Contingentism and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism are jointly inconsistent. The argument for their joint truth thus relies also on showing i) their equivalence, and ii) that the dispute between Plantingans and Williamsonians is merely verbal. The case for i) and ii) relies on the Synonymy Account, an account of theory equivalence developed and defended in the dissertation. According to the account, theories are equivalent just in case they have the same structure of entailments and commitments, and the occupiers of the places in that structure are the same propositions. An immediate consequence of the Synonymy Account is that proponents of synonymous theories are engaged in merely verbal disputes. The Synonymy Account is also applied to the debate between noneists and Quineans, revealing that what is in question in that debate is what are the expressive resources available to describe the world.
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Fretwell, Paul. "Equivalence transformations in linear systems theory." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33259.

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There is growing interest in infinite frequency structure of linear systems, and transformations preserving this type of structure. Most work has been centred around Generalised State Space (GSS) systems. Two constant equivalence transformations for such systems are Rosenbrock's Restricted System Equivalence (RSE) and Verghese's Strong Equivalence (str.eq.). Both preserve finite and infinite frequency system structure. RSE is over restrictive in that it is constrained to act between systems of the same dimension. While overcoming this basic difficulty str.eq. on the other hand has no closed form description. In this work all these difficulties have been overcome. A constant pencil transformation termed Complete Equivalence (CE) is proposed, this preserves finite elementary divisors and non-unity infinite elementary divisors. Applied to GSS systems CE yields Complete System Equivalence (CSE) which is shown to be a closed form description of str.eq. and is more general than RSE as it relates systems of different dimensions. Equivalence can be described in terms of mappings of the solution sets of the describing differential equations together with mappings of the constrained initial conditions. This provides a conceptually pleasing definition of equivalence. The new equivalence is termed Fundamental Equivalence (FE) and CSE is shown to be a matrix characterisation of it. A polynomial system matrix transformation termed Full Equivalence (fll.e.) is proposed. This relates general matrix polynomials of different dimensions while preserving finite and infinite frequency structure. A definition of infinite zeros is also proposed along with a generalisation of the concept of infinite elementary divisors (IED) from matrix pencils to general polynomial matrices. The IED provide an additional method of dealing with infinite zeros.
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Groenewald, Suzanne Anél. "Reflector modelling of MTR cores making use of normalised generalised equivalence theory." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9054.

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This research focuses on modelling reflectors in typical material testing reactors (MTRs). Reflectors present some challenges to the usual approach to full-core calculational models. Diffusion theory is standardly used in full-core calculations and is known to be inaccurate in regions where the flux is anisotropic, for example within the reflectors. Thus, special consideration should be given to reflector models. In this research, normalised generalised equivalence theory is used to homogenise cross-sections and calculate equivalent nodal parameters and albedo boundary conditions for the reflector surrounding a typical MTR reactor. Various studies have shown that equivalence theory can be used to accurately generate equivalent nodal parameters for the core and reflector regions of large reactors, such as pressurised and boiling water reactors, in one dimension and for two neutron energy groups. This has not been tested for smaller reactors where leakage, environment sensitivity and multi-group spectrum dependency are much larger. The SAFARI-1 MTR reactor is modelled in this work. A thirty day operational cycle is simulated for this reactor, using the nodal diffusion code MGRAC. NGET reflector equivalent nodal parameters are calculated using the codes NEWT and EQUIVA. The impact of different reflector models are evaluated, based on their effect on the core power, flux distribution, reactivity and neutron leakage over the duration of the operational cycle. It is found that homogenisation introduces some environment dependencies in the reflector parameters, particularly in the corners of the reactor core. In full-core calculations, the reflector parameters show some sensitivity to the in-core reflector structures, but not the fuel composition. A practical reflector model for SAFARI-1 is proposed, which proves that NGET equivalence theory can be used for multi-group reflector modelling in a small MTR reactor. This approach to reflector modelling simplifies the core model, increases the accuracy of a diffusion calculation, and increases the efficiency (shorter calculational time and better convergence behaviour) of computer simulations.
Thesis (MSc (Engineering Sciences in Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Merisi, Piercarlo. "Ring equivalences from Morita theory." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307287.

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Books on the topic "Equivalence theorem"

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Rustichini, Aldo. Commodity pair desirability and the core equivalence theorem. Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.

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Greenberg, Joseph. A simple proof of the equivalence theorem for oligopolistic mixed markets. Stanford, Calif: Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Stanford University, 1986.

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Restricted orbit equivalence. Providence, R.I., USA: American Mathematical Society, 1985.

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Kechris, A. S. Topics in orbit equivalence. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Hjorth, Greg. Classification and orbit equivalence relations. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2000.

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Borel equivalence relations: Structure and classification. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2008.

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Pemberton, James. Growth, inequality, fairness, and Ricardian equivalence. Reading, England: University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1992.

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Pemberton, James. Growth, inequality, fairness, and Ricardian Equivalence. Reading: University of Reading. Department of Economics, 1992.

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Shankar, Rashmi. Distinguishing between observationally equivalent theories of crises. Washington, D.C: Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, World Bank, 2002.

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Hjorth, Greg. Rigidity theorems for actions of product groups and countable Borel equivalence relations. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equivalence theorem"

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Abel, Andrew B. "Ricardian Equivalence Theorem." In The World of Economics, 613–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21315-3_83.

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Abel, Andrew B. "Ricardian Equivalence Theorem." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–8. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1752-1.

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Abel, Andrew B. "Ricardian Equivalence Theorem." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–10. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1752-2.

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Abel, Andrew B. "Ricardian Equivalence Theorem." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 11658–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1752.

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Bannier, Christina E. "Das Revenue-Equivalence-Theorem." In Physica-Lehrbuch, 209–11. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1632-9_27.

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Nipkow, Tobias, and Dmitriy Traytel. "Unified Decision Procedures for Regular Expression Equivalence." In Interactive Theorem Proving, 450–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08970-6_29.

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Apostol, Tom M. "General Dirichlet series and Bohr’s equivalence theorem." In Modular Functions and Dirichlet Series in Number Theory, 161–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0999-7_8.

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Basse-O’Connor, Andreas, and Jan Rosiński. "On Lévy’s Equivalence Theorem in Skorohod Space." In High Dimensional Probability VI, 219–25. Basel: Springer Basel, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0490-5_14.

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Zajtz, Andrzej. "Equivalence Problem Via the Nash-Moser Theorem." In New Developments in Differential Geometry, Budapest 1996, 511–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5276-1_36.

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Habegger, Philipp. "Quasi-Equivalence of Heights and Runge’s Theorem." In Number Theory – Diophantine Problems, Uniform Distribution and Applications, 257–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55357-3_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equivalence theorem"

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Johnson, Joel T., Christopher J. Baker, Graeme E. Smith, Kristine L. Bell, and Muralidhar Rangaswamy. "The monostatic-bistatic equivalence theorem and bistatic radar clutter." In 2014 European Radar Conference (EuRAD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurad.2014.6991218.

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Quang, Hieu Ngoc, and Hiroshi Shirai. "High Frequency Wedge Diffraction Analysis via Surface Equivalence Theorem." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2018.8608181.

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Franek, O., M. Sorensen, H. Ebert, and G. F. Pedersen. "On the applicability of the surface equivalence theorem inside enclosures." In 2012 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2012.6328771.

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Kwok, HoiSing, and S. T. Tang. "Optical equivalence theorem for liquid crystal layers: principles and applications." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Iam-Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.449939.

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Mrdakovic, Branko Lj, and B. M. Kolundzija. "Application of surface equivalence theorem for characterization of electromagnetic shielding efficiency." In 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2011.5996475.

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Khasidashvili, Zurab, Mahmoud Kinanah, and Andrei Voronkov. "Verifying equivalence of memories using a first order logic theorem prover." In 2009 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmcad.2009.5351132.

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Zhang, Yong, Hao Ding, and Hai Lin. "A hybrid PO-MoM domain decomposition method based on equivalence theorem." In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2014.6905415.

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Sugahara, K. "Perturbation approach for open boundary problems based on the equivalence theorem." In 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2016.7735020.

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Quang, Hieu Ngoc, and Hiroshi Shirai. "High Frequency Scattering from Conducting Rectangular Cylinder via Surface Equivalence Theorem." In 2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/piers.2018.8598065.

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Scherer, S., and H. W. Fearing. "Compton scattering from a pion: Off-shell effects and the equivalence theorem." In The 14th international conference of few-body problems in physics. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.48223.

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Reports on the topic "Equivalence theorem"

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Faraggi, A. E., and M. Matone. The equivalence principle of quantum mechanics: Uniqueness theorem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/564304.

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Robinson, Adam. Helly's Theorem and Its Equivalences via Convex Analysis. Portland State University Library, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.62.

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Bernheim, B. Douglas. Ricardian Equivalence: An Evaluation of Theory and Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2330.

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Croft, David T. Equivalence of Potential Theory and Ideal Adsorbed Solution (IAS) Theory Treatments of the Dubinin-Radushkevich Equation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327785.

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Johansen, Peter M. Physical Theory of Diffraction Equivalent Edge Currents for Truncated Wedge Strips. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada302034.

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Sadowski, Dieter. Board-Level Codetermination in Germany - The Importance and Economic Impact of Fiduciary Duties. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4304.

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The empirical accounts of the costs and benefits of quasi-parity codetermined supervisory boards, a very special German institution, have long been inconclusive. A valid economic analysis of a particular legal regulation must take the legal specificities seriously, otherwise it will be easily lost in economic fictions of functional equivalence. At its core the corporate actor “supervisory board” has no a priori objective function to be maximised – the corner stone of the theory of the firm – but its objective function will only be brought about a posteriori – should negotiations result in an agreement (E. Fraenkel). With this understanding,the paper presents six recent quasi-experimental studies on the economic (dis) advantageousness of the German codetermination laws that try to follow the rules of causal inference despite the lack of random variation. By and large they refute the hold-up model of codetermination by showing positive or nonnegative effects even on shareholder wealth – and a far-reaching improvement of the well-being of the core workforce. In conclusion, indications are offered that the shareholder primacy movement has only weakened, but not dissolved the “Deutschland AG”.
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Ruiz, Susana. ¿Quién paga la cuenta? Gravar la riqueza para enfrentar la crisis de la COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe. Oxfam, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6317.

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Las previsiones de retroceso económico y social en América Latina y el Caribe son alarmantes. La COVID-19 golpea con fuerza la región marcada que tendrá que afrontar una contracción del 9,4%, una de las más severas en todo el planeta. La desigualdad, la informalidad y la insuficiente dotación sanitaria lastran las posibilidades de hacer frente a la pandemia. Pero son los más vulnerables quienes asumen el costo, hasta 52 millones de personas que podrían caer en la pobreza y 40 millones podrían perder sus empleos, un retroceso de 15 años para la región. Pero la COVID-19 no afecta a todos por igual, una élite se mantiene inmune al contagio de la crisis económica. Desde el principio de los confinamientos, hay 8 nuevos milmillonarios en América Latina y el Caribe, personas con un patrimonio superior a los mil millones de dólares. Las personas más ricas han aumentado su fortuna en US$ 48 200 millones desde marzo 2020, lo que equivale a un tercio del total de los paquetes de estímulo de todos los países de la región. Para hacer frente a esta crisis tan profunda, Oxfam propone una serie de reformas que recaigan sobre quienes más tienen y menos han sufrido la pandemia. Entre otros un impuesto sobre el patrimonio neto de las personas más ricas con el que se podría recaudar al menos US$ 14 260 millones, 50 veces más de lo que ahora se estaría recaudando sobre esta élite de grandes fortunas. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts for economic and social decline in Latin America and the Caribbean are alarming. The region will face a 9.4% contraction in its economy, among the most severe in the world. Coping with the pandemic is hindered by inequality, weak and insufficient social protection and limited public health capabilities. Up to 52 million people could fall into poverty and 40 million could lose their jobs – a 15-year setback for the region. Yet, an elite remains ‘immune’ to the contagion of the economic crisis. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been 8 new billionaires in LAC: 1 every 2 weeks since the lockdowns began. The richest people have increased their fortune by $48.2bn since March 2020, equivalent to a third of the total stimulus packages of all countries in the region. In this paper, Oxfam proposes a series of reforms targeting those who have being less affected by the pandemic. They include a net wealth tax that could potentially generate $14.3bn, 50 times more than billionaires in the region pay now in theory, under current tax systems.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.

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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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