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1

Xueqian Zhang, Xueqian Zhang, Quan Li Quan Li, Wei Cao Wei Cao, et al. "Equivalent circuit analysis of terahertz metamaterial f ilters (Invited Paper)." Chinese Optics Letters 9, no. 11 (2011): 110012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201109.110012.

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2

Policastro, Steven A., Rachel M. Anderson, Carlos M. Hangarter, Attilio Arcari, and Erick B. Iezzi. "Incorporating Physics-Based Models into Equivalent Circuit Analysis of EIS Data from Organic Coatings." Coatings 13, no. 7 (2023): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071285.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used method for monitoring coatings because it can be done in situ and causes little damage to the coating. However, interpreting the impedance data from coatings in order to determine the state of the coating and its protective abilities is challenging. A modified version of the rapid electrochemical assessment of paint (REAP) equivalent circuit is developed here, along with a method to calculate the impedance of a circuit using matrix algebra. This new equivalent circuit and the calculation method are used to analyze EIS data obtained
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3

Cho, Jeong-Ho, Hoon-Taek Chung, and Ho-Gi Kim. "Equivalent circuit analysis for ferroelectrics." Ferroelectrics 198, no. 1 (1997): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199708228333.

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4

Jiang, Fengjiao, Jinxin Gong, Jichao Zhu, Huan Wang, and Weibo Song. "Prediction and Analysis of Reinforcement Corrosion in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution Based on Neural Network." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 14 (2020): 2059047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420590478.

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The corrosion of reinforcement has always been a problem to be solved in the field of architecture. In this paper, the corrosion characteristics of chromium alloy steel under different pH conditions are studied. The impedance characteristics and equivalent circuit are predicted by neural network model. First of all, in simulated pore solution with different pH values, the characteristics of Nyquist impedance spectroscopy of the whole chromium alloy under passivation stage and the damaged passivation film of reinforcing bars under initial corrosion stage have been found. Then, according to the
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5

Chatzarakis, George E., P. G. Cottis, Marina D. Tortoreli, P. B. Malatestas, N. J. Kolliopoulos, and Spiros N. Livieratos. "Powerful Pedagogical Approaches for Finding Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits for Linear Electric Circuits." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 42, no. 4 (2005): 350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.42.4.6.

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This paper presents two powerful pedagogical approaches for finding Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for d.c. linear electric circuits. These approaches are based solely on mesh analysis (for planar circuits) and on nodal analysis (for planar or nonplanar circuits) and simultaneously provide all equivalent circuit parameters from one circuit.
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6

Li, Kuang Cheng, Yan Liu, Zheng Liu, and Huai Bin Yang. "A Research and Analysis on Equivalent Circuit Model of Lead-Acid Batteries of Armored Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.119.

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To analyze the operation of the lead-acid battery of armored vehicles and facilitate the measurement of the state parameters, we need to see the lead-acid battery as a plurality of ideal components and establish the corresponding equivalent circuit model and characterize it. This paper describes several equivalent circuit models of commonly used lead-acid batteries, on this basis, we give the equivalent circuit model of lead-acid batteries of armored vehicles, and to analyze the variables of equivalent circuits.
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7

Liu, Zu Chao, Jia Sheng Zhang, Xi Peng Xiao, Shou Wen Zhu, and Rui Chen. "Dual Analysis of DC Chopper Circuit with LC Input Filter." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.413.

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The Buck circuit has been widely used in DC drive, charging and storage circuit, switching power supply and other power electronic devices. There exists very strong duality in the Buck circuit with input LC filter, especially in the structure of circuit, the equivalent circuits and the waveforms of input and output parts. On the basis of a theoretical model established in our work, an experiment is conducted to validate the equivalent circuits of both input and output parts, as well as the waveforms of associated capacitors and inductors. By choosing appropriate component parameters, the exper
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8

Akimoto, Benjamin, and Wataru Natsu. "Study on Parameter Determination for ECM Equivalent Circuit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1990.

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The analysis of the ECM model expressed by an equivalent circuit is helpful to understand the ECM characteristics, such as the removal rate and machining accuracy. However, the parameters in the ECM equivalent circuit have not been determined yet, although several kinds of equivalent circuits were proposed. In this research, the parameters of the ECM equivalent circuit were determined experimentally, and the determination reliability was discussed.
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9

Drake, R. E., S. J. Allen, J. Katz, J. C. Gabel, and G. A. Laine. "Equivalent circuit technique for lymph flow studies." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 251, no. 5 (1986): H1090—H1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.251.5.h1090.

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Lymph vessels branch and interconnect in a manner similar to a complex electronic circuit. Accordingly, we have applied circuit analysis techniques to the analysis of lymphatic systems. A lymph vessel is cannulated and the "equivalent circuits" are determined for the parts of the vessel upstream and downstream of the site of cannulation. Each equivalent circuit consists of a single resistor in series with a single pressure source. A diode is included to represent the lymphatic valves. The lymph flow rate may be determined by calculating the flow in the circuits when they are connected to each
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10

Bao, Bo-Cheng, Jian-Ping Xu, Guo-Hua Zhou, Zheng-Hua Ma, and Ling Zou. "Chaotic memristive circuit: equivalent circuit realization and dynamical analysis." Chinese Physics B 20, no. 12 (2011): 120502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/20/12/120502.

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11

Wang, Haitian, Ge Li, Guangfu Tang, and Zhiyuan He. "Equivalent Circuit Analysis for Core Snubber." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 40, no. 3 (2012): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2011.2180402.

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12

Qian, Jing, Yun Zeng, Li Xiang Zhang, and Tian Mao Xu. "Analysis on Equivalence between Transfer Function and Equivalent Circuit Simulation in General Hamiltonian Modeling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4896.

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Take generator system included AVR (automatic voltage regulator) and PSS (power system stabilizer) as an example, Using the time simulation method, Study the equivalence between the transfer function model and the equivalent circuit simulation, and establish the corresponding relations between the circuit structures, internal parameters and transfer function parameters, based on the energy of equivalent circuit, the Hamiltonian function of transfer function is derived indirectly, and the Hamiltonian model is established. The study in this paper provides a new way to establish generalized Hamil
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13

Sun, Qiu Dong, Zheng Guo Liu, Wen Xin Ma, and Jiang Wei Huang. "The Equivalent Proving of Two Typical Vector Composing PM Circuits and their Characteristic Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.193.

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PM, Vector Composing, Armstrong PM, QAM-based PM, Equivalent Analysis Abstract. Both the Armstrong phase modulation (PM) and QAM-based PM are typical vector composing circuits in the course “Radio Frequency Circuits”. Due to having innate defects of nonlinear phase distortion and parasitical AM, the characteristics of Armstrong PM are not good unless the modulation exponent is small enough. Therefore, the Armstrong PM is an approximate circuit. The QAM- based PM is a quite different circuit from the Armstrong PM, and its defects are not given in general teaching material. The equivalence of tw
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14

Zіrka, S. E., Y. I. Moroz, and C. M. Arturi. "Once again about the indivisibility of the scattered inductance of the transformer." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-1-1.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to show the inadequacy of the traditional T-shaped equivalent circuit for modeling transformer operations with saturated core. The aim is to point out the unreasonableness of the separation of the transformer leakage inductance into components. The aim is also to explain the need to apply the П-shaped transformer equivalent circuits to transformers with two and three windings with finite radial thickness.
 Methodology. Analysis of magnetic fields in the transformer window and simulation of transient processes in equivalent circuits of the transformer
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15

Staniloiu, Marius, Horațiu Popescu, Georgiana Rezmeriţă, and Mihai Iordache. "The Equivalent Circuits Thévenin and Norton." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 21, no. 2 (2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbeef-2021-0021.

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Abstract The main objectives of this paper are to correctly define the equivalent Thévenin and Norton circuits and to presents the complete and exact proof of Thévenin and Norton theorems. These circuits allow the separation of the linear portions of the electronic circuits from the nonlinear ones and in this way the polarization process of the electronic devices becomes much more efficient. When linear and/or nonlinear analyzed circuits have a small number of nonlinear circuit elements, their analysis, synthesis, and simulation are performed much more efficiently if the nonlinear part of the
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16

Song, In-Soo, Byoung-Wook Jo, and Ki-Chan Kim. "Analysis of an IPMSM Hybrid Magnetic Equivalent Circuit." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165011.

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The most common type of electric vehicle traction motor is the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). For IPMSM designs, engineers make use of the magnetic equivalent circuit method, which is a lumped constant circuit method, and the finite element method, which is a distributed constant circuit method. The magnetic equivalent circuit method is useful for simple design through fast and intuitive parameters, but it cannot derive the distribution of the magnetic field. The finite element method can derive an accurate magnetic field distribution, but it takes a long time and is diff
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17

Semenova, Mariya, Dar’ya Kazazaeva, and Alika Sabychikova. "Simulation and analysis of transition processes in linear electrical circuits using MatLab software package." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338901045.

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The research work considers the simulation and analysis of transition processes in linear electrical circuits using the MatLab software package. The transition processes occurring in the following linear electrical circuits were analyzed: RL equivalent circuit in case of connecting the relay control winding to a DC voltage source; RC equivalent circuit in case of connecting a capacitor through a limiting resistor to a DC voltage source and disconnecting it from the source; RLC equivalent circuit in case of capacitor discharge to an inductor; this capacitor shall be pre-charged from a DC voltag
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18

Pichuev, A. V., and V. L. Petrov. "Equivalent circuit for mine power distribution systems for the analysis of insulation leakage current." Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 8, no. 1 (2023): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2023-01-72.

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Successful mining businesses rely heavily on the safety and reliability of their mine power distribution systems. Mine power distribution systems are designed to withstand an aggressive environment with a range of hazards. The harsh operating conditions require improvement to personnel protection systems through the study and simulation of the electric network’s normal and emergency operations. The purpose of this study is to assess insulation leakage current using an equivalent circuit of a mine power distribution system. The simulation identified the key properties of the equivalent circuit
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19

Lanterman, Aaron. "On the Application of Thévenin Equivalent Circuits to the Analysis of Vacuum Tube Circuits." Electronics 12, no. 23 (2023): 4804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234804.

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In this paper, we express Thévenin equivalent circuits seen looking into the terminals of the small-signal model of the vacuum tube triode in terms of the Thévenin equivalent circuits seen looking out of the other terminals and apply them to the analysis of the common-cathode, common-plate, and common-grid single-tube amplifier configurations, as well as a differential pair amplifier. This is an adaptation of equivalent circuit techniques for transistor circuits pioneered by Marshall Leach. The use of equivalent circuits can yield intuitive solutions that avoid solving sets of equations.
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20

Yang, Ningning, Cheng Xu, Chaojun Wu, Rong Jia, and Chongxin Liu. "Dynamic Behaviors and the Equivalent Realization of a Novel Fractional-Order Memristor-Based Chaotic Circuit." Complexity 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9467435.

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This paper proposed a novel fractional-order memristor-based chaotic circuit. A memristive diode bridge cascaded with a fractional-order RL filter constitutes the generalized fractional-order memristor. The mathematical model of the proposed fractional-order chaotic circuit is established by extending the nonlinear capacitor and inductor in the memristive chaotic circuit to the fractional order. Detailed theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are carried out on the dynamic behavior of the proposed circuit by investigating the stability of equilibrium points and the influence of circuit
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21

Ma, Tengfei, Yunshui Zheng, Jing Xu, and Jianfa Wang. "Uninsulated Track Circuit Parameter Adjustment and Ballast Resistance Analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2561, no. 1 (2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2561/1/012019.

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Abstract Uninsulated track circuits are increasingly used in railroad signaling equipment, but the external environment dramatically influences operating conditions. Using the relationship between uninsulated track circuits and ballast resistance, an equivalent four-terminal network model of track circuit transmission characteristics is constructed based on uniform transmission line theory to analyze the influence law of ballast resistance on track surface current. It also makes corresponding adjustments to the track circuit parameters to ensure that the track circuit can work reliably in all
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22

Zucca, Mauro, Melika Hassanzadeh, Davide Signorino, and Umberto Pogliano. "Uncertainty Evaluation of a Supercapacitor Equivalent Circuit Parameters." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 74 (February 21, 2025): 1502509. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3544362.

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The accurate simulation of the behavior of a supercapacitor (SC) and its control in an electronic system cannot be achieved by a simple one-branch circuit. A correct simulation requires the use of more complex equivalent circuits, with at least two or three branches. These equivalent circuits guarantee a good reproduction of the device’s behavior. The effectiveness of an equivalent circuit is linked to the limits of the circuit parameter identification, which is commonly achieved by means of the voltage and current measurement of charge and self-discharge cycles. The uncertainty in the i
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23

Lu, Guang Ming, Wei Zhang, Jian Feng Yan, et al. "Comparative Analysis of the Calculation Results of Online Short-Circuit Current Based on PSASP and Fault Wave Recording." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.897.

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In daily operation process,the results of online short-circuit current calculation and fault wave recording is different, the differences between the two results affected the dispatcher’s decision. In-depth analysis of the calculation process and finding the possible causes of the differences should be done. The on-line PSASP short-circuit current calculation based on power flow and scheme was studied. The boundary conditions and calculation models of two methods were studied, the influence of the modeling scope and equivalent circuits to the short-circuit current was also studied. Fault wave
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24

Sano, Eiichi, and Masayuki Ikebe. "EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRIC LAYERS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 60 (2017): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm17042801.

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25

Ramkrishna and Rajveer Singh Yaduvanshi. "Optical DRA and its equivalent circuit analysis." Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography 24, no. 5 (2021): 1215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720529.2021.1938986.

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26

Aoyagi, Ryohji, and Haruo Tanaka. "Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Piezoelectric Bending Vibrators." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 33, Part 1, No. 5B (1994): 3010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.3010.

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27

Koike, Takuro, and Masafumi Ohba. "Equivalent Circuit Analysis for Magnetostatic Wave Devices." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 111, no. 9 (1991): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.111.9_419.

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28

Koike, Takuro, and Masafumi Ohba. "Equivalent circuit analysis for magnetostatic wave devices." Electrical Engineering in Japan 112, no. 7 (1992): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391120710.

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29

Tang, Lehua. "Combinational Equivalence Checking on AIGs." Theoretical and Natural Science 87, no. 1 (2025): 91–102. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.20336.

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Combinational Equivalence Checking (CEC) is a critical process in digital circuit design, ensuring that two versions of a circuit are functionally equivalent. Functionally Reduced And-Inverter Graphs (FRAIGs) are a data structure extensively used in CEC, representing Boolean functions as directed acyclic graphs with AND gates and inverters. The main advantage of FRAIGs is their ability to integrate structural hashing with functional reduction, allowing for the elimination of functionally equivalent nodes during graph construction. However, conventional FRAIG approaches face challenges with sca
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30

Liu, Tao, Le Xu, Yao He, et al. "A Novel Simulation Method for Analyzing Diode Electrical Characteristics Based on Neural Networks." Electronics 10, no. 19 (2021): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192337.

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Based on the equivalent circuit model and physical model, a new method for analyzing diode electrical characteristics based on a neural network model is proposed in this paper. Although the equivalent circuit model is widely used, it cannot effectively reflect the working state of diode circuits under the conditions of large injection and high frequency. The analysis method based on physical models developed in recent years can effectively resolve the above shortcomings, but it faces the problem of a low simulation efficiency. Therefore, the physical model method based on neural network accele
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31

Reljin, Branimir, Slavica Ristić, and Milesa Srećković. "Analysis of Some Physical Phenomena and Processes by Equivalent Electrical Circuits." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 33, no. 4 (1996): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099603300407.

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Analysis of some physical phenomena and processes by equivalent electrical circuits Electric circuit analysis is a very powerful tool solving many complex problems. Consequently, most non-electrical problems can be efficiently resolved if they are modelled, first, by appropriate electric circuits. In this paper some physical phenomena (in thermodynamics, optics and dynamics of fluids) are chosen to illustrate the above statement. The modelling procedure exposed can also be extended to other problems in science.
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32

Aladdin Bayramov, Lala Bekirova, Aladdin Bayramov, Lala Bekirova. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE OPERATION OF AUDIO FREQUENCY (NO JUNCTION) AND JUNCTION RAIL CIRCUITS." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 24, no. 03 (2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-49.

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Rail circuits are the basic elements of modern railway automation and telemechanics systems, performing the functions of track sensors and telemechanical channels. It is shown that the calculation of their operating boundary conditions becomes more complicated with the application of junctionless audio frequency rail circuits. The analysis of track circuits consists of studying the changes in their operation in various modes when the circuit parameters are changed. During the analysis, the optimal values of the parameters of the circuit elements and the frequency of the power source are determ
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33

Shim, Hayeong, Kyungseop Kim, Heeseon Seo, and Yongrae Roh. "Equivalent Circuit to Analyze the Transmitting Characteristics of a Cymbal Array." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228743.

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A cymbal transducer has a simple structure consisting of a piezoceramic disk and metallic caps and has broadband characteristics when built as an array. The finite element method (FEM) is generally used to analyze the characteristics of acoustic transducers. However, the FEM requires a longer analysis time as the model becomes larger, which makes it limited and less efficient for analyzing the cymbal array. In this study, a new equivalent circuit with higher efficiency and accuracy, comparable to that of the FEM, was proposed to analyze the performance of cymbal arrays. The equivalent circuit
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34

DUMITRIU, LUCIA, and MIHAI IORDACHE. "NUMERICAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR ANALOG CIRCUITS DRIVEN BY MULTITONE SIGNALS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 17, no. 10 (2007): 3595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127407019421.

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Widely-separated time scales appear in many electronic circuits, making traditional analysis difficult, even impossible, if the circuits are highly nonlinear. This paper presents a new version of the modified nodal method in two time variables for the analysis of the circuit with widely separated time scales. By applying this approach the differential algebraic equations (DAE) describing the nonlinear analog circuits driven by multitone signals are transformed into multitime partial differential equations (MPDEs). In order to solve MPDEs, associated resistive discrete equivalent circuits (comp
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35

Na Songkhla, Sawit, and Takamichi Nakamoto. "Overview of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Behavior Analysis and Measurement." Chemosensors 9, no. 12 (2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9120350.

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Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is one of the many acoustic transducers. It is the most popular and widely used acoustic transducer for sensor applications. It has found wide applications in chemical and biosensing fields owing to its high sensitivity, robustness, small sized-design, and ease of integration with electronic measurement systems. However, it is necessary to coat QCM with a sensing film. Without coating materials, its selectivity and sensitivity are not obtained. At present, this is not an issue, mainly due to the advancement of oscillator circuits and dedicated measurement circ
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36

Vaskovskaya, Tatyana A., Marina P. Zhokhova, and Kristina S. Roslova. "Computer-Aided Analysis of Unbalanced Operating Conditions in Three-Phase Circuits Containing a Dynamic Load." Vestnik MEI 1, no. 1 (2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-1-62-69.

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A new approach to analyzing three-phase circuits in the phase coordinates under unbalanced normal and emergency operating conditions is proposed, in which the information about the three-phase circuit to be analyzed by means of software is entered in a simplified manner. The equivalent circuits of three-phase generators, power lines, and static and dynamic loads are aggregated and considered in a generalized form. With such presentation, the work with a three-phase circuit diagram is significantly simplified even if it contains unbalanced loads, a few faulty sections, and control links in the
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37

Kai Yang and Ke-Li Wu. "Generalized Partial-Element Equivalent-Circuit Analysis for Planar Circuits With Slotted Ground." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 57, no. 7 (2009): 1734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2009.2022589.

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38

Machczynski, Wojciech, Krzysztof Budnik, and Jan Szymenderski. "Assessment of d.c. traction stray currents effects on nearby pipelines." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 35, no. 4 (2016): 1468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2015-0477.

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Purpose – dc electrified traction systems are a potential source of stray currents. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the harmful effects (electrolytic corrosion) that an electrified railway has on nearby earth return circuits (e.g. pipelines). Design/methodology/approach – The electric circuit approach, based on the earth return circuit theory, to model stray currents interference on extended structures is presented. An exact method of calculation is applicable to any dc railway system in which tracks can be represented by a single earth-return circuit (equivalent rail) with current en
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39

Zhang, Yujie, Changle Zhi, and Gang Dong. "Modeling and Analysis of Wide Frequency Band Coaxial TSV Transmission Interconnect." Micromachines 15, no. 9 (2024): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15091127.

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In this paper, we first build the 3D model of coaxial TSV(CTSV), RDL, and bump of the CTSV interconnect, and extract the equivalent circuit model of each part. Then, we get the S-parameters of the 3D and equivalent circuit model of the CTSV interconnect structure; the validity of the equivalent circuit model is verified by comparing the consistency of the S-parameters. The simulation results show that the maximum errors for the S11 and S21 parameters are 0.4% and 0.18%, respectively, which proves the validity of the equivalent circuit modeling in this paper. Finally, parametric analysis is per
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40

Martin, F. G. "Circuit analysis of transmembrane voltage relationships in V-ATPase-coupled ion movements." Journal of Experimental Biology 172, no. 1 (1992): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.172.1.387.

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The concept of electrical circuit analysis is extended to include components found in membrane ionic transport systems. As in classical electrical equivalent circuits, resistors and capacitors are used to represent ion channels and the membrane capacitances, respectively; batteries represent energy sources driven by chemical reactions. In the extensions proposed, energy stored in various ionic concentrations is treated as charges on compartmental capacitors; symporters and antiporters are treated as energy-coupling devices analogous to transformers in alternating current electrical circuits. P
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41

Khalaj-Amirhosseini, Mohammad. "EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF INHOMOGENEOUS GRATINGS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 69 (2007): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier06100501.

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42

Ohba, Masafumi, and Takuro Koike. "Improved Equivalent Circuit Analysis for Magnetostatic Wave Devices." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 30, S1 (1991): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.30s1.185.

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43

Norazman, Siti Nur Adlina, Mohd Sobri Idris, Rozana Aina Maulat Osman, and Ku Noor Dhaniah Ku Muhsen. "Impedance and Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Li7La3Zr1.5Sn0.5O12 Ceramics." Journal of Electronic Materials 51, no. 2 (2021): 718–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09327-3.

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44

Minowa, S., T. Yanada, O. Ichinokura, and S. Kikuchi. "Equivalent Circuit Analysis of a Noise-Reduction Transformer." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 23, no. 4−2 (1999): 1485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.23.1485.

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Yeu, Rodney, Jason Wells, Chad Miller, and Jane Thompson. "Power Quality Assessment through Stochastic Equivalent Circuit Analysis." SAE International Journal of Aerospace 9, no. 1 (2016): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1988.

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Araneo, R., S. Barmada, and A. Musolino. "Analysis of Equivalent Circuit Sensitivity on Extraction Procedure." Electromagnetics 30, no. 4 (2010): 324–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726341003712541.

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Jiang, H., and P. K. L. Yu. "Equivalent circuit analysis of harmonic distortions in photodiode." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10, no. 11 (1998): 1608–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.726765.

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Pintilie, L., I. Pintilie, T. Botila, D. Petre, and I. Licea. "Equivalent circuit analysis of a PbS/ferroelectric heterostructure." Infrared Physics & Technology 38, no. 1 (1997): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4495(96)00026-6.

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49

MATSUI, N. "Equivalent circuit analysis of high temperature solid electrolyte." Solid State Ionics 18-19 (January 1986): 888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(86)90281-x.

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Grib, Mihaela, Ioana-Gabriela Sirbu, Lucian Mandache, et al. "Generation Algorithms for Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits." Energies 18, no. 6 (2025): 1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061344.

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Abstract:
The growing complexity of electrical systems requires advanced analysis tools to optimize the design time and resources. While many circuit simulators exist, they often lack the flexibility needed for real-world applications. In this context, our paper develops practical approaches to building Thévenin and Norton equivalent diagrams by means of modern software facilities which overpass the capabilities of common commercial circuit simulators. They use the symbolic computation of two simulation tools developed by our research team. The proposed algorithms are not limited by the operation behavi
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