Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equivalent materials

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Equivalent materials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Equivalent materials"

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SHIROTANI, Takashi. "Progress of tissue equivalent materials." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 28, no. 11 (1986): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.28.1015.

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Chialina, Silvano, Matteo Cicuttin, Lorenzo Codecasa, Giovanni Solari, Ruben Specogna, and Francesco Trevisan. "Modeling of Anechoic Chambers With Equivalent Materials and Equivalent Sources." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 58, no. 4 (August 2016): 956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2016.2547327.

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Schoenfeld, Andreas A., Dietrich Harder, Björn Poppe, and Ndimofor Chofor. "Water equivalent phantom materials for192Ir brachytherapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 60, no. 24 (November 18, 2015): 9403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/24/9403.

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Elayyan, H. S. B., and S. N. Al-Refaie. "Equivalent network characterization for dielectric materials." Journal of Materials Science 31, no. 5 (March 1996): 1199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00353098.

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Odegard, G. "Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials." Composites Science and Technology 62, no. 14 (November 2002): 1869–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00113-6.

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Al-Refaie, S. N., and H. S. B. Elayyan. "The a.c. equivalent circuit of dielectric materials." Journal of Materials Science 28, no. 8 (January 1, 1993): 2233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00367589.

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Hagmann, M. J., R. L. Levin, L. Calloway, A. J. Osborn, and K. R. Foster. "Muscle-equivalent phantom materials for 10-100 MHz." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 40, no. 4 (April 1992): 760–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.127527.

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Pilon, Dominic, and Raymond Panneton. "An equivalent solid (u) formulation for poroelastic materials." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 5 (2002): 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4778190.

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Nicolet, A., F. Zolla, Y. Ould Agha, and S. Guenneau. "Geometrical transformations and equivalent materials in computational electromagnetism." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 27, no. 4 (July 11, 2008): 806–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640810878216.

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PurposeThis paper aims to review various techniques used in computational electromagnetism such as the treatment of open problems, helicoidal geometries and the design of arbitrarily shaped invisibility cloaks. This seemingly heterogeneous list is unified by the concept of geometrical transformation that leads to equivalent materials. The practical set‐up is conveniently effected via the finite element method.Design/methodology/approachThe change of coordinates is completely encapsulated in the material properties.FindingsThe most significant examples are the simple 2D treatment of helicoidal geometries and the design of arbitrarily shaped invisibility cloaks.Originality/valueThe paper provides a unifying point of view, bridging several techniques in electromagnetism.
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Smith, K. R., and D. F. Jackson. "New tissue-equivalent phantom materials for negative pions." Physics in Medicine and Biology 32, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/32/2/008.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equivalent materials"

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Robertson, Maida Christine. "Psychometrically Equivalent Arabic Monosyllabic Word Recognition Materials." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1508.pdf.

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Elzokra, Ahmed Adel Emhemed. "Damage mechanisms in porous building materials due to salt crystallization: formulation of equivalent materials for masonry." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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An equivalent material approach is presented for the computation of the elastic properties of brick masonry and for the assessment of salt crystallization in masonry structures. A stacked brick-mortar system consisting of a series of parallel layers which behave elastically is introduced. This is extended such that masonry with two sets of mortar joints (bed and head joints) can be represented by an equivalent homogeneous orthotropic elastic material. It is then extended to salt deteriorated brick masonry by including salt crystals induced within the pores. In terms of the elastic properties of the brick and mortar, as well as relative thicknesses, expressions for the equivalent material's elastic properties are derived. The mechanical properties of salt deteriorated masonry are computed in terms of effective porosity and saturation ratio. Using this derivation, the stresses in the brick-and-mortar joints are calculated for a masonry wall partial deteriorated by salt and subjected to thermal stress variation.
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Caldwell, Meghan Elizabeth. "Development of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Audiometry Materials for Testing Children in Mongolian." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3139.pdf.

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Anderson, Melissa Dawn. "Development of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Recognition Threshold Materials for Native Cebuano Speakers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6154.

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While there is a clear and immediate need for reliable speech audiometry materials to evaluate the speech recognition threshold (SRT), these recorded materials are not available in Cebuano, a language of the Philippines with 15.8 million speakers. The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate a set of Cebuano trisyllabic words for use in measuring the SRT. To create the SRT materials, common Cebuano trisyllabic words were digitally recorded by a male talker of Cebuano and presented for evaluation to 20 native speakers of Cebuano with normal hearing. Based on psychometric performance, a set of 21 trisyllabic words with a psychometric function slope >7%/dB that allowed threshold adjustments to the pure tone average were selected and digitally adjusted. The resulting mean psychometric function slopes at 50% for the 21 SRT trisyllabic materials was 10.2%/dB. The results of the current study are comparable to those found in other languages. Digital recordings of the trisyllabic words are available on compact disc.
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Williams, Chela. "Psychometrically Equivalent Thai Monosyllabic Word Recognition Materials Spoken by Male and Female Talkers." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2717.pdf.

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Conklin, Brooke Kristin. "Psychometrically Equivalent Cantonese Bisyllabic Word Recognition Materials Spoken by Male and Female Talkers." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2139.pdf.

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Newman, Jennifer Lane. "Development of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Recognition Threshold Materials for Native Speakers of Samoan." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2214.

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The speech recognition threshold (SRT) is an important measure, as it validates the pure-tone average (PTA), assists in the diagnosis and prognosis of hearing impairments, and aids in the identification of non-organic hearing impairments. Research has shown that in order for SRT testing to yield valid and reliable measures, testing needs to be performed in the patient's native language. There are currently no published materials for SRT testing in the Samoan language. As a result, audiologists are testing patients with English materials or other materials not of the patient's native language. Results produced from this manner of testing are confounded by the patient's vocabulary knowledge and may reflect a language deficit rather than a hearing loss. The present study is aimed at developing SRT materials for native speakers of Samoan to enable valid and reliable measures of SRT for the Samoan speaking population. This study selected 28 trisyllabic Samoan words that were found to be relatively homogeneous in regard to audibility and psychometric function slope. Data were gathered on 20 normal hearing native speakers of Samoan and the intensity of each selected word was adjusted to make the 50% performance threshold of each word equal to the mean PTA of the 20 research participants (5.33 dB HL). The final edited words were digitally recorded onto compact disc to allow for distribution and use for SRT testing in Samoan.
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Taylor, Brandon Brian. "Development of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Audiometry Materials for Measuring Speech Recognition Thresholds in Native Tagalog Speakers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3348.

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In addition to the use of pure-tones for testing hearing, speech signals are highly valuable diagnostic tools for identifying and evaluating hearing impairment. Speech audiometry involves the implementation of such signals in the measurement of hearing acuity. One aspect of speech audiometry involves assessment of the speech recognition threshold (SRT) which evaluates an individual's ability to hear and understand speech. While live speech has been used in the past to assess SRT, recorded materials are preferred and have been shown to be advantageous over live speech. High-quality digitally recorded speech audiometry materials have been available in English for some time, but assessment of individuals using speech materials from a language that they do not speak natively has been shown to be both inadequate and inaccurate. Speech audiometry materials have recently become available in many languages. Currently, however, there are no known published recordings for assessment of SRT in the Tagalog language. The goal of this study was to develop psychometrically equivalent speech audiometry materials for measuring speech recognition threshold in Tagalog. During this study Tagalog words were initially recorded by a native speaker selected for accent and vocal quality. The words were reduced down to 90 words to be evaluated in the study. Each of the 90 trisyllabic words were evaluated at 2 dB increments from -10 to 16 dB HL by 20 native Tagalog speakers, all having normal hearing. Based on the results, 34 trisyllabic Tagalog words were selected based on their familiarity to native listeners, relative homogeneity with regards to audibility and psychometric function slope. Each word was then adjusted to make the 50% performance threshold equal to the mean PTA of the 20 research participants (4.3 dB HL). The final edited words were then digitally recorded onto compact disc for distribution and for use in assessing SRT in native Tagalog speakers worldwide.
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TOMIMASU, SUMIE. "Desenvolvimento de material simulador de tecido humano a partir do latex de borracha natural vulcanizado com radiacao gama." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10879.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Darle, Maria, Saga Lindqvist, and Bezawit Tsegai. "The climate impact of different building systems : A study regarding materials in residential buildings and their environmental impact." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390024.

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This report was done on behalf of Uppsala municipality with the aim to investigate how much the CO2-equivalent emissions differ between different building systems during the construction phase, considering the different choice of material used in the frames. Several multi-family houses with different building systems were therefore studied and compared by using previous LCA from collected climate reports regarding each construction project. Different scenarios of the residential development in Uppsala until year 2050, including multi- and single-family houses, were further on brought forward. The impact that the choice of material had on the climate was then studied by comparing the scenarios with the climate goals set up by Uppsala municipality regarding the construction sector. This was discussed in order to investigate whether Uppsala municipality would reach the climate goals or not. The conclusion of the study is that the building systems with wooden frames in general release less CO2-equivalent emissions than the ones with concrete frames. One of the reasons for this is that the production of the materials has different amounts of waste and the fact that concrete consists of cement, which causes a lot of emissions during the production of the material. Another part of the report was to investigate if climate improved concrete could decrease the CO2-equivalent emissions from building systems with concrete frames. This was done by doing a case-study, where parts of the concrete frame for one of the building systems were replaced, which resulted in a small decrease of the emissions. It is however, in a larger perspective, important to reduce the emissions as much as possible and there is still room to continue the improvement of concrete.
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Books on the topic "Equivalent materials"

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C, Crespo Nogueira, and International Council on Archives. Conservation and Restoration Committee., eds. Glossary of basic archival and library conservation terms: English with equivalents in Spanish, German, Italian, French, and Russian. München: K.G. Saur, 1988.

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Benson, Craig H. Equivalency of crushed rock with industrial by-products and geosynthetic-reinforced aggregates used for working platforms during pavement construction. Madison, WI]: Wisconsin Highway Research Program, 2005.

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Diederichs, Elisabeth. Flores para la curación: Flores venezolanas equivalentes a las flores de Bach por medio de la radiestesia. Caracas: Editorial Kinesis, 1997.

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Shuttleworth, Dale E. (Dale Edwin), 1938-, ed. El GED en español para dummies. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Pub., 2011.

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Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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M, Odegard Gregory, and Langley Research Center, eds. Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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M, Odegard Gregory, and Langley Research Center, eds. Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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M, Odegard Gregory, and Langley Research Center, eds. Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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Asm International Materials Properties Database Committee (Corporate Author) and William C. Mack (Editor), eds. Worldwide Guide to Equivalent Irons and Steels (Materials Data Series) (#06814G). 4th ed. ASM International, 2000.

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(Editor), Fran Cverna, and Patricia Conti (Editor), eds. Worldwide Guide to Equivalent Irons and Steels (Asm Materials Data Series) (Asm Materials Data Series) (Asm Materials Data Series) (Asm Materials Data Series). 5th ed. ASM International, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equivalent materials"

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Mikhasev, Gennadi I., and Holm Altenbach. "Equivalent Single Layer Model for Thin Laminated Cylindrical Shells." In Advanced Structured Materials, 29–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12761-9_2.

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Kisu, Hiroyuki, and Gui Ming Rong. "Identification of a Defect Using the Equivalent Load Method." In Key Engineering Materials, 2441–44. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.2441.

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Nazarenko, Lidiia, and Henryk Stolarski. "On Equivalent Inhomogeneities for Particles with Multiple-Component Interphases." In Advanced Structured Materials, 49–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0959-4_3.

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Janiczek, Tomasz, Dorota Nowak-Woźny, Witold Mielcarek, and Krystyna Prociów. "Equivalent Model of Modified Bismuth Oxides Described by Fractional Derivatives." In Key Engineering Materials, 676–79. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.676.

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Duan, H. L., Xin Yi, Zhu Ping Huang, and J. Wang. "Eshelby Equivalent Inclusion Method for Composites with Interface Effects." In Fracture of Materials: Moving Forwards, 161–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-994-6.161.

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Gardner, Nate, and Arun Shukla. "The Blast Response of Sandwich Composites With a Graded Core: Equivalent Core Layer Mass vs. Equivalent Core Layer Thickness." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 281–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0216-9_40.

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Xia, K., and J. Wang. "Analysis of Principal and Equivalent Strains in Equal Channel Angular Deformation." In Ultrafine Grained Materials II, 575–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118804537.ch65.

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Smith, John R., Tom Perry, and Amitava Banerjea. "New, Simple Approach to Defect Energies in Solids via Equivalent Crystals." In Atomistic Simulation of Materials, 279–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5703-2_29.

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Popović, I., and M. Zlatanović. "Equivalent Circuits of Unipolar Pulsed Plasma System for Electrical and Optical Signal Analysis." In Materials Science Forum, 89–94. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-441-3.89.

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Eršte, Andreja, Barbara Malič, Brigita Kužnik, Marija Kosec, and Vid Bobnar. "Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Core-Shell Structured Ceramic Materials." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 23–29. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118511350.ch3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equivalent materials"

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ZHANG, X. Z., X. L. GONG, and P. Q. ZHANG. "EQUIVALENT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT MODEL OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS." In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702197_0044.

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Alva-Sánchez, Héctor, Christian Quintana-Bautista, Arnulfo Martínez-Dávalos, Miguel Ángel Ávila-Rodríguez, and Mercedes Rodríguez-Villafuerte. "Studies of positron range in tissue-equivalent materials." In MEDICAL PHYSICS: Fourteenth Mexican Symposium on Medical Physics. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4954131.

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Belyaev, Danil, Ruslan Vazirov, and Viktor Pankin. "Evaluation of 3D printing materials as tissue equivalent materials for phantom manufacturing." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTATION AND ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0032598.

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Karami, G. "An Equivalent Continuum-Atomistic Characterization Model for Nanographitic Materials." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81858.

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An equivalent continuum-atomistic algorithm is proposed for carbon-based structures such as nano-scale graphene platelets (NGPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) individually or as stiffeners with polymers. This equivalent continuum-atomistic model will account for the nonlocal effect at the atomistic level and will be a highly accurate mean to determine the bulk properties of graphene-structured materials from its atomistic parameters. In the model, the equivalent continuum and atomic domains are analyzed by finite elements and molecular dynamics finite element-based where atoms stand as nodes in discretized form. Micromechanics idea of representative volume elements (RVE) will be used to determine averaged homogenized properties. In the procedure, a unit hexagonal cell will be the RVE. A minimum volume of material containing this RVE and the neighboring hexagonal cells will be chosen. The size of this volume should cover all the atoms, which have bonded, and nonbonded interaction with the atoms of the RVE unit cell. This minimum volume will be subjected to several load cases. Determination of the response of the RVE hexagonal unit cell contained within the minimum volume, and its potential energy density under the defined load cases, will lead to the determination of mechanical parameters of an equivalent, continuum geometrical shape. For a single layer NGP the thickness of the hexagonal continuum plate is assumed to be 0.34 nm, while in three-dimension and multilayered the actual thickness of layers can be implemented. Under identical loading on the minimum volumes, identical potential (strain) energies for both models will be assumed. Through this equivalence a linkage between the molecular force field constants and the structural elements stiffness properties will be established.
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Cipolla, Jeffrey L., Ron Gerdes, and Ram Dravida. "Efficient Finite-Element Modeling With Equivalent-Fluid Porous Materials." In ASME 2008 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2008-73070.

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The ubiquity of porous materials in engineering applications has driven a large body of work in the development of predictive and analytical models for their behavior, as well as the numerical implementation of these models. Here, the implementation of a specific class of models is described: materials for which an equivalent-fluid adequately captures the dynamic behavior. These materials include limiting cases where the solid matrix is either so stiff that it is relatively immobile, or so compliant that its motion has only a damping effect on the fluid motion. A wide class of automotive trim materials, acoustic insulation, fabrics, and aerospace materials fit this description. Several material models have been implemented recently in the commercial finite element code, Abaqus. These include the models of Craggs, Delany-Bazley, Miki, and the generalized model of Kang & Bolton. All of the models share an implementation using frequency-dependent material properties. In Abaqus, these properties are assigned to standard acoustic finite elements. Frequency-domain solution is significantly more efficient through the use of a distributed-memory parallel sparse solver, and through projection onto the space of real-valued modes. Results from the new implementation are compared to established benchmarks, and performance is discussed.
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Kudyshev, Zhaxylyk A., Ludmila J. Prokopeva, and Alexander V. Kildishev. "Kubo-equivalent closed-form graphene conductivity models (Conference Presentation)." In Active Photonic Materials VIII, edited by Ganapathi S. Subramania and Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2237768.

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Smith, R. Lowell. "Equivalent circuit models for interpreting impedance perturbation spectroscopy data." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Shih-Chi Liu. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.539035.

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Dixit, Akash, and Sathya Hanagud. "Spectral Finite Element: Equivalent Force and Equivalent Stiffness Methods." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2086.

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Gona, S., and V. Kresalek. "Accuracy of multilayer equivalent models for composite laminated materials." In 2009 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2009.5297284.

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McAllister, Sara, Carlos Fernandez-Pello, Gary Ruff, and David Urban. "Ignition Delay of Combustible Materials in Normoxic Equivalent Environments." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2491.

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Reports on the topic "Equivalent materials"

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Hirayama, Hideo, and Shun-ichi Tanaka. Investigation of 1-cm dose equivalent for photons behind shielding materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6148518.

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Givot, Brad, Justin Johnson, Sung Kim, Luke E. Schallinger, and James Baker-Jarvis. Characterization of tissue-equivalent materials for high-frequency applications (200 MHz to 20 GHz). Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1554.

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Billingsley, James P., and James M. Oliver. The Equivalent Flat Nose Diameter of Hemispherical Nose Cylindrical Projectiles for Impact Induced Detonation of Energetic Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada263244.

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Liu, C. T., and J. N. Yang. Investigating the Strain Rate Effect on the Equivalent Initial Crack Size in a Particulate Composite Material. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409852.

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Liu, C. T., J. N. Yang, G. Smith, and D. Wickham. Estimating the Equivalent Initial Crack Size in a Particulate Composite Material Under a Multi-Axial Loading Condition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410541.

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Sparks, Paul, Jesse Sherburn, William Heard, and Brett Williams. Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41963.

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Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it runs inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.
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7

Bando, Rosangela, Sebastián Galiani, and Paul Gertler. Another Brick on the Wall: On the Effects of Non-Contributory Pensions on Material and Subjective Well Being. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003082.

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Public expenditures on non-contributory pensions are equivalent to at least 1 percent of GDP in several countries in Latin America and is expected to increase. We explore the effect of non-contributory pensions on the well-being of the beneficiary population by studying the "Pensiones Alimentarias" program established by law in Paraguay, which targets older adults living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved subjective well-being in 0.48 standard deviations. These effects are consistent with the findings of Bando, Galiani and Gertler (2020) and Galiani, Gertler and Bando (2016) in their studies on the non-contributory pension schemes in Peru and Mexico. Thus, we conclude that the effects of non-contributory pensions on well-being in Paraguay are comparable to those found for Peru and Mexico and add to the construction of external validity.
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Henley, Christopher L. The Geometry Of Disorder: Theoretical Investigations Of Quasicrystals And Frustrated Magnets: Quasi-Crystals And Quasi-Equivalence: Symmetries And Energies In Alloys And Biological Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209945.

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9

McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.

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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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