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Books on the topic 'Equivalent materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

C, Crespo Nogueira, and International Council on Archives. Conservation and Restoration Committee., eds. Glossary of basic archival and library conservation terms: English with equivalents in Spanish, German, Italian, French, and Russian. München: K.G. Saur, 1988.

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2

Benson, Craig H. Equivalency of crushed rock with industrial by-products and geosynthetic-reinforced aggregates used for working platforms during pavement construction. Madison, WI]: Wisconsin Highway Research Program, 2005.

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3

Diederichs, Elisabeth. Flores para la curación: Flores venezolanas equivalentes a las flores de Bach por medio de la radiestesia. Caracas: Editorial Kinesis, 1997.

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4

Shuttleworth, Dale E. (Dale Edwin), 1938-, ed. El GED en español para dummies. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Pub., 2011.

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5

Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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6

M, Odegard Gregory, and Langley Research Center, eds. Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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7

M, Odegard Gregory, and Langley Research Center, eds. Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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8

M, Odegard Gregory, and Langley Research Center, eds. Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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9

Asm International Materials Properties Database Committee (Corporate Author) and William C. Mack (Editor), eds. Worldwide Guide to Equivalent Irons and Steels (Materials Data Series) (#06814G). 4th ed. ASM International, 2000.

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10

(Editor), Fran Cverna, and Patricia Conti (Editor), eds. Worldwide Guide to Equivalent Irons and Steels (Asm Materials Data Series) (Asm Materials Data Series) (Asm Materials Data Series) (Asm Materials Data Series). 5th ed. ASM International, 2006.

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11

Solymar, L., D. Walsh, and R. R. A. Syms. Artificial materials or metamaterials. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0015.

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The difference between natural and artificial materials is explained. The equivalent plasma frequency of wire media is derived. A list of metamaterial resonators is presented. The possibility of achieving negative refraction and its significance are discussed. It is shown that under certain circumstances it is possible to produce a perfect lens that could transfer evanescent waves aswell. Themulti-layer lens is shown to have advantages over the single-layer lens. The operation of a SiC lens based on the negative dielectric constant due to optical phonons is discussed. Detectors for magnetic resonance imaging, relying on the resonance of magnetoinductive waves are shown to be a potential application.

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12

Philippines. Bureau of Nonformal Education., ed. NFE accreditation and equivalency learning material. [Pasig City, Philippines]: Philippines Nonformal Education Project, Bureau of Nonformal Education, Dept. of Education, Culture and Sports, 2000.

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13

Philippines. Bureau of Nonformal Education., ed. NFE accreditation and equivalency learning material. [Pasig City, Philippines]: Philippines Nonformal Education Project, Bureau of Nonformal Education, Dept. of Education, Culture and Sports, 2000.

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14

Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. International aerospace specification equivalency handbook for aluminium. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1992.

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15

Wise, Donald L., Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Michael J. Yaszemski, Joseph D. Gresser, Debra J. Trantolo, and David E. Altobelli. Tissue Engineering and Biodegradable Equivalents: Scientific and Clinical Applications. CRC, 2002.

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16

Kai-Uwe, Lewandrowski, ed. Tissue engineering and biodegradable equivalents: Scientific and clinical applications. New York: M. Dekker, 2002.

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17

Tenney, James. Meta ⌿ Hodos. Edited by Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker, and Michael Winter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038723.003.0002.

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In this essay, James Tenney discusses a phenomenology of twentieth-century musical materials and an approach to the study of form. Before describing the musical materials, Tenney examines the factors that account for the increased aural complexity of much of the music of the twentieth century and of some of its effects in our perception of music. He analyzes the gradual use of more and more complex sound-units in place of single tones, one manifestation of which can be seen in the expansion of the very concept of “melodic line” by way of various kinds of doublings. He also talks about the notion of equivalence in Arnold Schoenberg's arguments about consonance/dissonance and compares it with his own principle of equivalence. Tenney goes on to explore the gestalt-factors of cohesion and segregation by referring to the ideas of Max Wertheimer and concludes with an assessment of formal factors in the clang and sequence.

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18

Patricia, Mulcrone, López Guadalupe V, and McGraw-Hill Companies, eds. McGraw-Hill el GED en español: Repaso más completo para el examen de equivalencia de escuela secundaria. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.

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19

Emir, Astra. 5. Equal Pay. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198814849.003.0005.

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This chapter considers those provisions of the Equality Act 2010 that deal with equal pay. These include equality of terms and the sex equality clause (s 66); equal work (s 65), ie like work, work rated as equivalent and work of equal value; the defence of material factor (s 69); sex discrimination in relation to contractual pay (s 71); the maternity equality clause (s 73); discussions about pay (s 77); and gender pay gap reporting (s 78). Also covered are rules on jurisdiction (s 127); burden of proof (s 136); time limits (s 129); remedies (s 132); death of a claimant; and backdating awards.

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20

Mashhoon, Bahram. Toward Nonlocal Gravitation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0004.

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Is gravity nonlocal? Einstein interpreted the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational masses to mean that there exists a profound relationship between inertia and gravitation. Based on Einstein’s fundamental insight, it would seem natural to extend history dependence to the gravitational domain. However, it is not clear how to develop a nonlocal extension of Einstein’s local principle of equivalence. To go forward, we therefore choose an indirect approach based on a certain analogy with electromagnetism. In a material medium, the electromagnetic constitutive relations are nonlocal and this fact leads to the nonlocal electrodynamics of media. It turns out that general relativity can be formulated in a form that resembles the electrodynamics of media. Making the corresponding gravitational constitutive relations nonlocal would then lead to nonlocal GR. This indirect approach is adopted in the rest of this book.

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21

Henderson, Andrea. Analogy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809982.003.0005.

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Analogy was a crucial conceptual tool for Victorian natural philosophers, who regarded the physical world less in terms of material bodies than formal relationships. Thus, even as they aimed for verisimilitude in their theoretical models, James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday used analogical figures freely, for they understood nature itself to be structured around analogical relations. Like Maxwell, Algernon Charles Swinburne wrote an undergraduate essay on the subject of analogy, conceiving it as fundamental to both scientific advancement and poetic production, where its logic of equivalence subsumes not only metaphor but also rhythm and rhyme. Swinburne’s poems “Before the Mirror” and “Sapphics” dramatize the replacement of the traditional notion of metaphor by the structures of formal analogy.

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22

Weekly Reader Early Learning Library (Firm), ed. I know same and different =: Igual y diferente. Milwaukee, WI: Weekly Reader Early Learning Library, 2006.

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23

Majumder, Sarasij. People's Car. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823282425.001.0001.

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People's Car explores one of the major movements for resisting the acquisition of land by the government in the interests of siting a Tata Motors car factory in Singur, India. The factory becomes the alibi for nuanced interrogations that are both material and theoretical on resistance, changing rural realities in globalizing India and the very nature and idea of land. It asks why such long drawn resistances against corporate industrialization coexist with political rhetoric and slogans promoting fast paced industrialization. It argues that such contradictory rhetoric and promises target divided sentiments in rural India where land is more than a simple agricultural plot to middle caste small and marginal landowners aspiring nonfarm futures. People's Car breaks new ground by ethnographically establishing the incommensurability between land and money. Such incommensurability or non-equivalence, the book shows, simultaneously drives protests against land acquisition and fuels the demands for non-farm jobs and industrialization, the crux of rural middle-caste aspirational politics. It questions the dominant trend of romanticizing rural life and associated anti-development protests that uses the clichéd dichotomous tropes—rural Bharat vs. urban India.

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24

MacCormack, Patricia, ed. Ahuman Abolition. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0002.

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‘The animal’ as a question, concept and catalyst toward a redress of human subjectivity enflames contemporary philosophy. Varyingly, Deleuze’s work, with and without Guattari, has been both celebrated and maligned. Donna Haraway’s scathing misreading of becoming-animal and Deleuze and Guattari’s potential fetishisation of nonhuman alterity is counterbalanced with their being utilised via their unique abstraction of ordering-concepts which call into question the function of species itself as a majoritarian practice. Thinking the nonhuman – be it nonhuman animals or our own ahumanity – is a project not for science or moral theory based on scientific operations, but philosophy, in that it is an ethical project. Through Deleuze on Spinoza, on dying well, and Deleuze and Guattari’s call to animal-abstraction and inhuman affects, this chapter argues the value of Deleuze for what is known as the extreme of animal rights – abolitionism. Beyond equivalence and any interpretation of the nonhuman perceived via human signifying systems, this chapter uses Deleuze with abolitionist ideas to argue for an absolute abolitionist stance, both philosophically and materially, in reference to contemporary tactics for ethical relations with both nonhumans and ultimately an end to humanism and humanity as the only option for creative becomings for nonhuman lives.

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25

Ellis, Graham. An Invitation to Computational Homotopy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832973.001.0001.

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This book is an introduction to elementary algebraic topology for students with an interest in computers and computer programming. Its aim is to illustrate how the basics of the subject can be implemented on a computer. The transition from basic theory to practical computation raises a range of non-trivial algorithmic issues and it is hoped that the treatment of these will also appeal to readers already familiar with basic theory who are interested in developing computational aspects. The book covers a subset of standard introductory material on fundamental groups, covering spaces, homology, cohomology and classifying spaces as well as some less standard material on crossed modules, homotopy 2- types and explicit resolutions for an eclectic selection of discrete groups. It attempts to cover these topics in a way that hints at potential applications of topology in areas of computer science and engineering outside the usual territory of pure mathematics, and also in a way that demonstrates how computers can be used to perform explicit calculations within the domain of pure algebraic topology itself. The initial chapters include examples from data mining, biology and digital image analysis, while the later chapters cover a range of computational examples on the cohomology of classifying spaces that are likely beyond the reach of a purely paper-and-pen approach to the subject. The applied examples in the initial chapters use only low-dimensional and mainly abelian topological tools. Our applications of higher dimensional and less abelian computational methods are currently confined to pure mathematical calculations. The approach taken to computational homotopy is very much based on J.H.C. Whitehead’s theory of combinatorial homotopy in which he introduced the fundamental notions of CW-space, simple homotopy equivalence and crossed module. The book should serve as a self-contained informal introduction to these topics and their computer implementation. It is written in a style that tries to lead as quickly as possible to a range of potentially useful machine computations.

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26

Leite, Maria José de Holanda. Co-produtos da extração de vermiculita na produção de mudas de espécies arbóreas da Caatinga. Editora Amplla, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51859/amplla.cpe535.1121-0.

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A degradação ambiental ocorre principalmente nas regiões áridas, semiáridas e subúmidas secas do planeta, e resulta de fatores climáticos e antrópicos tais como as atividades pecuárias, de agricultura e de mineração (LIMA, 2004). Especificamente na região semiárida do nordeste do Brasil, que se estende por mais de 980 km2 distribuídos em todos os Estados nordestinos (exceto o Maranhão) e no norte de Minas Gerais, o desequilíbrio ambiental atinge mais de 20 milhões de hectares, o que equivale a mais de 12% da região Nordeste e quase 22% da região semiárida nordestina (MEDEIROS et al., 2012; SILVA et al., 2004). Estes autores informam que este quadro é mais crítico no Ceará e na Paraíba, onde a degradação ambiental é observada em mais da metade dos seus territórios. Esta degradação tem um forte componente humano, pois 21,3 milhões de habitantes habitam essa região, além dos rebanhos constituídos de 23,9 milhões de bovinos, 8,8 milhões de caprinos e 8,0 milhões de ovinos que se alimentam da vegetação nativa (IBGE, 2007; MEDEIROS et al., 2012), sendo por isso considerada a região semiárida mais populosa e com maior grau de antropismo do planeta (DRUMOND et al., 2000). As atividades humanas, tais como a pecuária e a mineração praticadas de maneira inadequada, podem desencadear processos de degradação ambiental, caracterizada pelo empobrecimento da flora e da fauna, erosão do solo e deterioração da qualidade da água dos rios e dos reservatórios (AZEVÊDO, 2011). Especificamente no solo, a densidade e a porosidade da camada superficial são os atributos mais prejudicados e precisam ser melhorados para favorecer a regeneração da vegetação, pois desequilíbrios nesses atributos prejudicam o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular e no estabelecimento e crescimento das plantas (NUNES, 2012). A mineração é uma atividade de forte impacto ambiental, pois implica geralmente na remoção da camada superficial do solo na área da jazida e na deposição superficial de rejeitos (BARRETO, 2001). A exploração da vermiculita, um produto utilizado na construção civil, melhoria das propriedades físicas de solos agrícolas, produção de cerâmica e remediação de solos contaminados por petróleo (NASCIMENTO, 2008). Há várias jazidas em exploração na região Nordeste do Brasil, uma delas no município de Santa Luzia-PB. Em visita à Mineradora Pedra Lavrada, que extrai a vermiculita no município de Santa Luzia, constatou-se a presença de crateras resultantes da extração do minério e a deposição de rejeitos no entorno da unidade de beneficiamento. Estes rejeitos não têm valor comercial que justifique o seu processamento. Este material de menor valor, doravante denominado de coproduto, afeta diretamente o ambiente pela ocupação de áreas de Caatinga, causando poluição visual e soterrando a vegetação nativa. Além disto, provoca efeitos indiretos no ambiente quando é carreado pelo vento e pelas águas pluviais, poluindo a água e assoreando rios e reservatórios. Este material de menor valor comercial é gerado quando a rocha é moída, e a vermiculita é separada de acordo com a sua granulometria. Dos cinco co-produtos gerados, apenas os de menor granulometria (poeira fina e ultrafina) são compatíveis para a produção de mudas, pois as pedras e pedaços menos friáveis do minério não apresentam, por motivos óbvios, potencial para a nutrição de plantas. Estes dois co-produtos provêm de um material friável do grupo das micas que formam silicato hidratado de magnésio, ferro e alumínio e constitui uma fonte de Ca, K e Mg para as plantas (NASCIMENTO, 2008). A utilização destes co-produtos se mostrou adequada para compor até 50% do substrato de produção de mudas de maracujá Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg.) (LEITE, 2012) e pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) (TRAJANO, 2010), propiciando ao substrato boas características de porosidade e capacidade de retenção de umidade, o que sugere a possibilidade de seu uso na produção de mudas de outras espécies. As mudas produzidas com estes co-produtos poderiam ser direcionadas para plantios em geral ou para a revegetação de áreas degradadas pela mineração, num círculo virtuoso em que a degradação ambiental provocada pela mineração em si e pela deposição dos co-produtos no ambiente seria parcialmente revertida pela utilização dos co-produtos gerados.

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