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Fadly, Ahmad. "IDEOLOGI DALAM PENERJEMAHAN BUDAYA: ANALISIS PADA NOVEL TERJEMAHAN “NEGERI 5 MENARA” KARYA AHMAD FUADI." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v16i2.4477.
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AbstractThis research aims to describe the translation procedures, methods, and ideology applied to translate novel Negeri 5 Menara,and assess the impact of the ideology on equivalence. This research is using qualitative approach and content analysis. The source of data for this research consists of documents that refer to novel Negeri 5 Menara and its translation in English. The units of analysis of this research data comprise of words, phrases, sentences, and dialogue taken from Negeri 5 Menara Ahmad Fuadi’s Work and its translation (The Land of 5 Towers) by Angie Kilbane. Findings of this research show followings. First, translation procedures were used 90 times to render Negeri 5 Menara into English. On the basis of the frequent use of each translation procedures, functional equivalent (20) appears to be first rank, followed by cultural equivalent (19), reduction and couplets (10), transference and naturalization (7), descriptive equivalent (6), notes (4), transposition (3), and modulation and compensation (2). Second, theoretically, transference and naturalisation are oriented to source language while cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalen, transposition, modulation, compensation, reduction, couplets, and notes are oriented to target language. This means that the translator tended to choose adaptation, free, idiomatic, and communicative methods. Third, the use of translation procedures and the selection the translation methods tend to be based on the adoption of the ideology of domestication. Fourth, in terms of the equivalence of the translations, it was found that 80 data were accurately translated and 10 data were inaccurately translated. Therefore, the domestication ideology has a good impact to the quality of translations.Keywords: ideology of translations, translation method, translation procedure, culture.
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Jaskot, Maciej Paweł. "Equivalent Culture-Anchored Units Translation? The Phraseological Units Issue." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 16 (December 31, 2016): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2016.006.
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Equivalent Culture-Anchored Units Translation? The Phraseological Units IssueThis article examines a question that has been of long-standing interest to linguists working in the fields of cross-linguistic phraseology and the translation of idiosyncratic language units, such as phraseological units (PUs). The challenge of translating PUs, which are understood as "patterns sanctioned by a given culture", involves the translation of culturemes. Therefore, a good translator must be able to assess the importance of the elements containing cultural references in the source language while "moving" them to the target language. When translating PUs, it is desirable that interlingual (cross-linguistic) equivalence be achieved. The fact that translations of a PU can be very different (the translator can paraphrase the text, creatively change it, or simply eliminate the PU) implies that the translational equivalence of PUs must be functional. While a cross-linguistic comparison (and the achievement of translational equivalence) of PUs can be made by omitting the form parameter, it is desirable to preserve the extension and semantic structure, the connotative-pragmatic component, and the phrase combinatorics. Ekwiwalencja jedostek "kulturowo zakotwiczonych"? Kwestia jednostek frazeologicznychArtykuł porusza zagadnienie, które od kilkudziesięciu lat cieszy się zainteresowaniem językoznawców zajmujących się konfrontacją językową frazeologii oraz tłumaczeniem idiosynkratycznych jednostek językowych, takich jak jednostki frazeologiczne (JF). Wyzwaniem podczas tłumaczenia JF, rozumianych jako "wzorce sankcjonowane przez daną kulturę", jawi się konieczność tłumaczenia kulturemów. Tłumacz zatem stoi w obliczu konieczności prawidłowej oceny danego elementu pod względem jego odniesień kulturowych w języku źródłowym podczas przekładania JF na język docelowy. Podczas tłumaczenia JF pożądane jest osiągnięcie międzyjęzykowej (cross-linguistic) ekwiwalencji. Fakt, że tłumaczenie JF może być wielorakie (tłumacz może parafrazować tekst, twórczo go zmienić lub po prostu wyeliminować JF), oznacza, że ekwiwalencja przekładu JF musi być funkcjonalna. Chociaż podczas międzyjęzykowego porównania (mającego na celu osiągnięcie translacyjnej równoważności) JF ich forma jest rzeczą drugorzędną, to wskazane jest, aby zachować ich rozszerzenie znaczeniowe i strukturę semantyczną, aspekt konotacyjno-pragmatyczny oraz łączliwość.
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Alekseyeva, Maria L. "Non-Equivalence in Translation: Russian-German Diachronic Corpus-Based Dictionaries of Non-Equivalent Units." Research in Language 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.19.3.06.
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This paper explores the essence of lexical units with no direct equivalents in other languages and introduces a bilingual dictionary of a new type. Such a dictionary is built upon a diachronic corpus of parallel translations with due consideration of the principles of present-day lexicography. The suggested diachronic German-Russian glossary of non-equivalent vocabulary – realia – presents the mega-, macro- and microstructure of a diachronic translation dictionary. The glossary is of a holistic character: it can provide information on the ways different realia were translated in various periods and thus reflect the creative role of translation plurality; it can also influence the formation of translating competence, acquisition of translating skills and skills of comparative analysis.
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Al-Awawdeh, Dr Nabil. "Translation Between Creativity and Reproducing An Equivalent Original Text." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 2559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1131.
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It isn't easy to find a comprehensive definition of translation; it is described as science, art and creativity at the same time. In this sense, literary translation, especially poetry, may be considered an art and creative work as opposed to scientific or political translation, where the words can be controlled according to the translator's linguistic skills and grammatical rules. The current research discusses how translation is an art and creative work. It is what many critics and scholars have reached for the "literary genre". It is also noted how the literal translation does not give the translated text its right, artistic colour, elevation, and influence in its original language unless it’s based on translators' creativity. In this paper, our methodology is to look at literary translation as one of the most challenging types of translations, as it depends significantly on taste and the entry of the writer's imagination in the translation, whether he was a writer such as a poet, storyteller or novelist, and this in itself requires a creative spirit to be the image of translation and literary material creative artistic non-literal. Here the two-translator a writer or intellectual and professional translator differ. The latter depends on what he studied and read and what he researched in language study stages. Still, if he is also a writer or intellectual, many images and meanings will change. Yet, without prejudice to the essence of the translated text, and here even between a translator writer and another, the degree of creativity in translation varies and maybe at the same degree of different literary imagination. Finally, it is stressed that the essential in the art of translation is choosing the appropriate term so that it is easy, smooth, and light on the recipient here is a skill. The translator chooses the proper word for each material to be translated.
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Förster, Hans. "The Good News Bible: Is It Good News for the Jews? Methodological Observations on Translational Choices in GNB." Bible Translator 69, no. 3 (December 2018): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677018808855.
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In some cases the meaning-based approach used in the translation of the Good News Bible appears to support translational choices that strengthen or even introduce anti-Judaism in translation. There are instances where such translational choices are not required by the source text. It is possible, in the examples selected for discussion, to arrive at translations that follow the source text closely, are less anti-Jewish, and conform to the principles of a meaning-based approach. In principle, almost every translator of texts from the New Testament faces translational choices possibly introducing a note of anti-Judaism in translation. However, the meaning-based approach might disambiguate ambiguous passages in a way that introduces a stronger note of anti-Judaism (if compared to more formally equivalent translations), as one of the examples indicates.
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Purwantini, Ni Kadek, Ni Nengah Suartini, and Kadek Eva Krishna Adnyani. "Kesepadanan Penerjemahan Kosakata Bermuatan Budaya pada Anime Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi." Jurnal SAKURA : Sastra, Bahasa, Kebudayaan dan Pranata Jepang 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/js.2022.v04.i01.p07.
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This study aims to describe the equivalence of translating Japanese cultural terms into Indonesian in the anime Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi and the translation procedures applied in translating SL (source language) into TL (target language). This research is a qualitative descriptive study using data cards. The theory used is the category of cultural terms by Newmark (1988), the theory of equivalence by Nida and Taber (1974), and the theory of translation procedures by Newmark (1988). There are 38 data which are Japanese cultural terms and its translations in Indonesian. The results showed that 30 data reached equivalence and 8 data did not reach equivalence. Then, there are 7 translation procedures applied, including cultural equivalent, synonym, neutralization, additional explanation, modulation, transposition, and reduction and expansion. Cultural equivalence and synonyms are the most frequently applied procedures.
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Anis, Dewinta Khoirul. "TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF RESPOND-TO-REQUEST IN 'THE LOST HERO' AND 'THE SON OF NEPTUNE' NOVELS." LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 4, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v4i1.1522.
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This research aims to analyze the translation techniques used and assess the translation quality in the form of accuracy and acceptability assessment on respond-to-request speech acts of The Lost Hero and The Son of Neptune novel series written by Rick Riordan. This research used a qualitative-descriptive method whose data sources were the novel series and two raters who had aptitudes in assessing translation quality. The methods to collect and analyze the data were content analysis and Focus Group Discussion. The study found 11 translation techniques applied in translating the respond-to-request speech acts. They were establish equivalent, variation, borrowing, modulation, amplification, adaptation, discursive creation, transposition, reduction, literal translation, and substitution. Dealing with the quality, the findings showed that most translations were accurate and acceptable. The majority of accurate translations used established equivalent technique. The less accurate translations applied modulation, amplification addition, discursive creation, literal translation and reduction whereas the inaccurate ones applied literal translation technique. Meanwhile, the majority of acceptable translations used establish equivalent and he less acceptable translations applied modulation, amplification addition, and discursive creation. Thus, this research proposes that the use of appropriate translation techniques is very important for the results of quality translation that is easily understood by the reader.
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Wiguna, I. Made Agus Nugraha Arta, Ni Nengah Suartini, and Putu Dewi Merlyna Yuda Pramesti. "Teknik Dan Metode Penerjemahan Tuturan Ekspresif Bahasa Jepang Dalam Subtitle Film Paradise." Jurnal SAKURA : Sastra, Bahasa, Kebudayaan dan Pranata Jepang 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/js.2022.v04.i01.p06.
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This study aims to describe the techniques and methods of translating expressive speech act in the subtitle of Paradise Kiss, which was translated by Island Fansubs. To analyze the data of this study using glossing techniques and translational equivalents. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were 6 types of Japanese expressive speech act. The types of expressive speech act found were then translated using 8 types of translation techniques, amplification, discursive creation, established equivalent, generalization, linguistic amplification, literal translation, particularization and reduction. Expressive speech act translation techniques are dominated by linguistic amplification. Finally, there are 4 types of translation methods, word for word translation, idiomatic translation, free translation and communicative translation. The translation method is dominated by the free translation method.
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Syahrani, Nilda Iman, Amri Tanduklangi, and Muhammad Khusnun Muhsin. "THE ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN SUBTITLE OF “BOYCHOIR” MOVIE." Journal of Teaching English 4, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jte.v4i3.13956.
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The purposes of this study are to anlyze the translation procedure and the way of the translator in translating the subtitle of Boychoir movie. The scope of this study is focused on the type of translation procedures in translating the subtitle movie and also analyze the way of the translator in translating the subtitle on Newmark’s (1988:81) translation procedures which the procedures consist of 18 types. The methodology of this study was qualitative research. The researcher analyzed the data descriptively and presented the analysis result in the explanation form and supported by data presented in the form of table. In analyzing the data the procedures were as follows: juxtaposing both of English and Indonesian version, identifying, analyzing and classifying, and calculating the total numbers. The translation procedures found in the subtitle of the movie were literal translation, transference, naturalisation, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, synonymy, transpositions, modulation, reduction and expansion, couplets. Keywords: Translation, Translation procedure, Subtitle, Boychoir movie
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Aulia, Dhini. "The Application of Translation Strategies to Cope With Equivalence Problems in Translating Texts." Journal Polingua : Scientific Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Education 1, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/polingua.v1i1.43.
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Translation is a process to render the meaning from the source text into the target text. A translator, however, will find some problems during translation process. Equivalence is the case which often appears (i.e. culture specific concept, the source-language concept is not lexicalized in the target language, source-language word is semantically complex, etc). To cope with equivalnce problems in translation process, some experts suggest some strategies which can be applied in doing translation. Some strategies are transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, etc. The strategies which often appears in the example texts in this paper are transference, naturalization, descriptive equivalent, couplet and through-translation. It is recomended that translator apply the strategies if only there is no equivalence problem in target language.
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Weliantari, Ni Ketut Suni. "Metode dan Ideologi Penerjemahan Kotowaza dalam Blog Kursus Bahasa Jepang Evergreen." Jurnal Sakura : Sastra, Bahasa, Kebudayaan dan Pranata Jepang 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/js.2020.v02.i02.p05.
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This study is aimed at identifying the type of translation methods and their application in translating kotowaza on the Japanese Course blog Evergreen. The data were obtained by using observation method and note-taking technique. Furthermore, the analysis of the data was done by applying the translational identity method and glossing technique. The theory of translation methods by Newmark (1988) was also used in this study. The result shows that the translation of 40 kotowaza on the Japanese Course blog Evergreen use only four from eight translation methods proposed by Newmark. Based on its translation methods, the study found out that 13 data use literal translation, 9 data use adaptation, 14 data use the free translation, and 4 data use communicative translation. Kotowaza that has an equivalent in Indonesian proverb tends to be translated by using adaptation and communicative translation. However, not all kotowaza are equivalent to Indonesian proverbs with both of those methods. In this case, using literal translation is another way of translating kotowaza. Meanwhile, kotowaza which its equivalent cannot be found in Indonesian proverb is translated with literal translation or free translation.
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Muhammad Zayyanu, ZAKI, SAJO Muhammad Aliyu, and John Ogboji. "Role of Translator as a Gap Filler in Communication with Reference to Françoise Balogun." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2021.v01i11.002.
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Translation of messages between two languages has been very challenging among translators. Translations have led to the filling of gaps in communication barriers so that equivalence and accuracy are achieved in the process of transfer of messages from one language to another. This paper aims to examine the role of a translator in filling the communication gap between the Source Language (SL) and the Target Language (TL). These gaps are known as translation problems or difficulties as a means of solving them. We apply the interpretative and comparative approaches of translation. This is achieved through the extract of texts from the English and French versions of our corpus. The main objectives of the paper are i) to examine some concepts in translation ii) to identify some gaps in translation, and iii) to determine the approach that fits better in translating discourse messages with varied contexts. Among the findings of the study are instances of gap filling in communication as no two languages see a concept in the same way that includes i) set and series, ii) cultural words, and iii) neologism. The study concludes that equivalent is the key to achieving successful translation across cultures.
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Pietrzak-Porwisz, Grażyna. "MELLAN DOMESTICERING OCH EXOTISERING." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsp-2015-0010.
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Abstract The present paper deals with culture-specific items as a translational problem. It is based on two Polish translations of four Swedish books from the famous detective series by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö. The aim of the study is to analyze some of the practices employed by two Polish translators against the translation methods proposed by Newmark (1988), Svane (2002) and Ingo (2009). For this purpose a number of highly specific cultural items have been collected and the methods applied by translators have been identified. The analysis has shown a big difference between translators in dealing with culture-specific items. The first translator, Maria Olszańska, adopts such translation methods as calque translation, hyperonym, functional equivalent, paraphrase and omission. The other translator, Halina Thylwe, prefers transference and calque translation combined with additional explanations, either in the main part of the text or in footnotes. The methods employed by both translators are a result of choosing between global translation strategies domestication and foreignization (Venuti 1995). Domestication, adopted in the older translations, minimizes the strangeness of the Swedish text to the Polish readers, whereas foreignization in the newer translations retains the foreignness of the original.
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Sharif, Khalida, Parveen Akhtar Farhat, Saeed Ahmad, and Qazi Muhammad Saeed Ullah. "A Comparative Translation Study of the Poem “Ik Nuqtay Wich Gal Mukdi Aey” by Bulleh Shah, Translated by Kartar Singh Duggal and Suman Kashyap." Review of Education, Administration & LAW 4, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v4i2.171.
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The present research study is based on comparative analysis of two different translations done by two different writers of the same poem of Bulleh Shah, a renowned Sufi poet. Researcher selected the model of Eugene Nida’s principle of equivalent effect as the framework of this research article. Equivalent effect and feel is the vital element of the theory of translation presented by Eugene A Nida(1964). Nida (1964) claims that the analysis of the surface structure of the source text (ST) makes it easy to transfer the source language content and form into target language. Ju Miao (2000) mentions in his research article that before the publication of “toward a science of translating (1964) translation usually focused on literal translation or free translation. Researcher selected the translation of a poem which is written by Bulleh Shah and translated by two different writers one by Kartar Singh Duggal and other translation by Suman Kashyap. Researcher made a comparative analysis by using the Eugene Nida’s approach of translation theory which is based on principle of equivalent effect. The purpose of the study is to analyze that either these translations convey the content, form and feel of the original text or not in the perspective of Nida’s approach of translation. Findings are taken after making the comparison by keeping the principle of equivalent effect in mind. This research article will be helpful to understand the original effect and sense which is used by Bulleh Shah and will help to find out how much close these translations are with source text.
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Zhong, Yong. "Becoming Equivalent." Culture and Dialogue 4, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 317–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683949-12340018.
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This paper examines the introduction of “discourse” into China by looking into the different usages and interpretations of the word: what discourse currently is (话语 – a new coinage); what it used to be (语篇 – a largely superseded rendition, an assimilation); what it could be (other forms of transliteration, assimilation and Japanese-based renditions); and what it arguably should be (说力 – a new coinage). The paper discusses accordingly how Western critical concepts travel into China, how different modes of translation alter their meanings, and what translation strategy should best be employed to facilitate conceptual exchanges between the West and China. Additionally, the paper traces back a well-hidden Japanese “gene” in a majority of Chinese cultural concepts, discloses the conceptual flaws in Chinese renditions, and recommends an informed strategy for translating Western critical cultural concepts into Chinese.
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Susini, Made, Nyoman Sujaya, and I. Wayan Ana. "Translation Alternatives of Indonesian Public Signs." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1109.08.
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Public signs written in two languages are found everywhere in public places in Bali. Appropriate translations of the public signs could help foreigners get information and they also could reflect good image of the places. To be able to create better image of the place, deep investigation on the translations of public signs is needed. This study examined the translations of public signs from Indonesian into English found in Bali. Deploying the concept of translation equivalence by House (2015) and translation strategies by Malone (1988), this study focused on target text alternatives when a certain strategy was applied in translating public signs from Indonesian into English. The data were collected in two regions in Bali, i.e. Denpasar city and Badung regency. This research revealed that the Indonesian public signs were translated by applying strategies of substitution, amplification, reduction, condensation, and re-ordering. The strategies resulted in some translation alternatives. In some cases, the alternatives induced by the translation strategies applied involved the changes of pragmatic and textual meanings. However, they are semantically equivalent.
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Meiliana, Sylvie. "The implementation of literary works In teaching literary translation." EDUTEC : Journal of Education And Technology 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/edu.v4i1.81.
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The aim of this research is to show the implementation of literary works in literary translation by giving the way how to implement the literary work in revealing cultural terms found in a literary work, namely Achmad Tohari’s Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Novel. Based on the literary work, the research on literary translation is done by investigating the translation procedure applied in translating the cultural terms from Indonesian into English. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis technique done by taking the flow model followed by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The analysis used a semantic approach and Peter Newmark’s translation procedures. Result of the research shown by implementing literary work, the research of literary translation reveals that there are 16 cultural terms and classified in 6 different categories, they are musical instruments, clothes, accessories, work and leisure, activities and procedures, and religious terms. In translating the novel, there are 7 translation procedures used by the translator, they are transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalent, couplets, and notes.
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Ayyad, Ghada Rajeh, and Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi. "STRATEGIES OF TRANSLATING QUR’ANIC CULTURAL TERMS." International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language 2, no. 7 (September 23, 2019): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.270012.
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The translation of cultural terms is considered one of the most difficult challenges a translator may face. This is due to the fact that such terms have specific meanings in the source language and culture which do not exists in others. In fact, translating cultural terms become more complicated when dealing with religious texts due to the sensitivity of these texts. One of the most challenging texts for translators is the Noble Qur’an. The translator of Qur’anic cultural terms is required to be very accurate as the mistranslation of such terms may lead to a complete distortion of the meaning. To help in producing equivalent translation for cultural terms, two translation strategies were suggested by Venuti in 1995. These strategies are domestication and foreignization. The present study investigates the use of both strategies by the translators of the Noble Qur’an in translating cultural terms. Also, it tries to find out which strategy can be applied to achieve equivalence in translation.
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Larasaty, Gina. "The Translation Procedure in Children Novel – Spiderwick Chronicle." Wiralodra English Journal 3, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v3i1.40.
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This research aims to find translation procedures from English to Indonesian which are used in translating Spiderwick Chronicles novel. The translator translates from source language (English) to target language (Indonesia). The researcher used the descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data, relates to the aim of this research is to find out the categories of translation procedure in Spiderwick Chronicle Novel. The researcher used the translation procedure (Newmark, 1988:82-91) framework by Peter Newmark for examining the data. Based on the result from the analysis showed that the total number Newmark’s translation procedure applied in Spiderwick Novel is 59 . The most translation procedure applied is shift or transposition with 20 (33,9%), and the least of translation procedure applied are Cultural equivalent , synonymy and functional equivalent with the total frequency 1 (1,7%). The translator used modulations as the second most translation procedure applied in the Spiderwick novel with 14 (23,7%). .
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Gouws, Rufus H. "Equivalent relations, context and cotext in bilingual dictionaries." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 15, no. 28 (March 2, 2017): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v15i28.25673.
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Users of bilingual dictionaries often have problems to choose the correct translation equivalent for a given occurrence of the source language form. This could be due to a lack of entries indicating the relevant context and cotext of the translation equivalents. This paper deals with different types of equivalent relations in bilingual dictionaries and the varying need for entries to support the translation equivalents. It is argued that where a relation of semantic divergence prevails the inclusion of context and cotext entries are of extreme importance. The function of a dictionary should determine the nature and extent of the supporting entries. Lexicographers should be well aware of the additional need for context and cotext entries in the treatment of synsemantic words. Consequently they have to negotiate the problems resulting from under addressing, over addressing and zero addressing. It is suggested that procedures of addressing equivalence can help to ensure equivalent discrimination.
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Sajarwa, Sajarwa. "Deconstructing Equivalence in the Translation of Texts from French to Indonesian." Jurnal Humaniora 29, no. 2 (June 20, 2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.24063.
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Translation is a process of reproducing a source text (ST) in the equivalent target text (TT). The equivalence of translation includes the message of the text. Several factors such as writer, translator, publisher, reader, or spirit of certain era, determine the translation equivalency. In translation, equivalence is negotiated and transactioned; in consequence it is highly likely that the current equivalency will be different in the future. Deconstruction theory claims that the relationship between a signifier and a signified is inconstant; however, it can be “deferred” to obtain a new or different relationship. As a result, a meaning may change in accordance with the will of its user. The result of this research indicates four differences between TT1 and TT2 translation; (1) within a period of twenty years of social and political change (1990 – 2010), TT1 reveals regional issues, while TT2 reveals social class issues; (2) the TT2’s disclosure of meaning is more direct, open, and occasionally rude than the subtle and euphemistic TT1; (3) the TT2 tends to follow ideology of foreignization by inserting foreign words or words from the source language, while the TT1 tends to follow ideology of domestication; (4) there are different viewpoints between the TT1 translator and the TT2 translator.
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Sajarwa, Sajarwa. "Deconstructing Equivalence in the Translation of Texts from French to Indonesian." Jurnal Humaniora 29, no. 2 (June 20, 2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v29i2.24063.
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Translation is a process of reproducing a source text (ST) in the equivalent target text (TT). The equivalence of translation includes the message of the text. Several factors such as writer, translator, publisher, reader, or spirit of certain era, determine the translation equivalency. In translation, equivalence is negotiated and transactioned; in consequence it is highly likely that the current equivalency will be different in the future. Deconstruction theory claims that the relationship between a signifier and a signified is inconstant; however, it can be “deferred” to obtain a new or different relationship. As a result, a meaning may change in accordance with the will of its user. The result of this research indicates four differences between TT1 and TT2 translation; (1) within a period of twenty years of social and political change (1990 – 2010), TT1 reveals regional issues, while TT2 reveals social class issues; (2) the TT2’s disclosure of meaning is more direct, open, and occasionally rude than the subtle and euphemistic TT1; (3) the TT2 tends to follow ideology of foreignization by inserting foreign words or words from the source language, while the TT1 tends to follow ideology of domestication; (4) there are different viewpoints between the TT1 translator and the TT2 translator.
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Kusuma, Jasmine Julie, and Julia Eka Rini. "Translation Procedures of the Indonesian Subtitles of English Idiomatic Expressions Found in Inside Out." K@ta Kita 8, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.8.1.1-8.
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This thesis focused on studying the subtitles of idioms found in the movie, Inside Out (2015), specifically the idioms uttered by Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust. The writer used the following theories by Newmark (2001) to analyze the data—Translation Procedures to sort out the translations, and Translation Criticisms to evaluate the appropriateness of the translations. Through this study, the writer aimed to find the most frequently used translation procedure for idioms in Inside Out, and the appropriateness of its translations. After analyzing the data, the writer concluded Functional Equivalent as the most frequently used translation procedures for idioms found in Inside Out by producing 23 out of 39 translations. Functional Equivalent also produced mainly appropriate translations with 20 translations being appropriate. In conclusion, Functional Equivalent is the most recommended procedure to translate idioms, because it produces referentially and pragmatically accurate, semantically adequate, and natural translations. Key words: Translation, Subtitles, Idioms, Translation Procedures
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Afrianto, Afrianto, and Redika Cindra Reranta. "ENGLISH EQUIVALENT TRANSLATIONS FOR SUFFIX -NYA." LITERA 18, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i2.20803.
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Suffix-nya is one of suffixes in Bahasa Indonesia which has various functions. Those varieties cause various forms of equivalent translation in English. Thus, this research aims at investigating the equivalent translation of suffix-nya and its functions. Applying documentary research, the researchers gathered the data in form of Indonesian sentence consisting suffix-nya and its translation from a novel Laskar Pelangi and its English version The Rainbow Troops. Further, this research was conducted under the qualitative method. The result of the analysis shows various equivalent translations and their functions. It is finally reported that the suffix-nya has six alternative equivalent translations; they are pronoun (his, her, their, its, he, his, her, them, and it), apostrophe (-‘s), article (the), demonstrative (this), adverb (-ly), and verb (modal + auxiliary: would be and should have, copular verb; seem). Other than the equivalents, there are seven functions found; they are possessive marker, objective pronoun, subjective pronoun, definite article, deictic marker, adverbial former, and predicate. Dealing with the context of sentences or discourse and understanding it helps to decide the best equivalent translation for suffix –nya which is pertained to a particular constituent of the sentences.Keywords: context, equivalent translation, function of the equivalence, suffix -nya PADANAN BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK SUFIKS -NYAAbstrakSufiks –nya merupakan salah satu bentuk sufiks dalam bahasa Indonesia yang memiliki beragam fungsi. Ragam fungsi tersebut memunculkan beberapa bentuk terjemahan dalam bahasa Inggris. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menilik padanan dan fungsi sufiks –nya. Sejalan dengan menerapkan analisis dokumen, data dikumpulkan dalam bentuk kalimat yang memiliki sufiks –nya dalam novel Laskar Pelangi dan terjemahan kalimat tersebut dalam novel The Rainbow Troops. Lebih jauh, metode kualitatif diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat dilaporkan bahwa terdapat enam bentuk padanan untuk sufiks –nya, yaitu pronomina (his, her, their, its, he, his, her, them, dan it), apostrof (-‘s), artikel (the), demonstratif (this), adverbia (-ly), and verba (modal + kata kerja bantu (auxiliary): would be and should have, verba kopula: seem). Selain padanan tersebut, terdapat tujuh fungsi yang ditemukan, yakni penanda posesif (possessive marker), objektif pronominal, subjektif pronominal, artikel definit (definite article), penanda deiktis (deictic marker), pembentuk adverbia (adverbial former), dan predikat (predicate). Selain itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa mengaitkan pada konteks kalimat dan memahaminya secara utuh merupakan langkah dalam menentukan dan mencari padanan sufiks –nya yang melekat pada konsituen tertentu dalam kalimat.Kata kunci: fungsi padanan, konteks, padanan, sufiks –nya, terjemahan
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Zhou, Rui. "A Study on Functional Equivalence in Translation of Lyric Prose — A Case of Autumn in Peiping by Zhang Peiji." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1202.17.
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The Functional Equivalence Theory put forward by Eugene Nida, an American translation theorist, notes that translation is a process of using the closest and most natural equivalent in the target language to reproduce the information of the source language. It emphasizes the equivalence of information content and form, and prose translation aims to convey information and reproduce the style of the source text. Therefore, the Functional Equivalence Theory has great application space in the text analysis of prose translation. In this paper, the author discusses how to apply the theory of Functional Equivalence to the translating of modern Chinese lyric prose into English. Taking Autumn in Peiping translated by Zhang Peiji as a case study, the author of this paper explores how the translator achieved equivalence in lexical, syntactical and stylistic aspects on the ground of citing typical examples. The method of qualitative research is used in this paper. In the framework of the Functional Equivalence Theory, the author tries to analyze and evaluate how word choice, sentence structure and style function in conveying the meaning of the source text. It is found that the theory of Functional Equivalence is of guidance in analyzing the translation effect of Autumn in Peiping. Lexically, equivalence is realized through correspondence, non-correspondence and zero in semantic translation. Syntactically, the translator used different sentence structures and cohesive devices to convey the intended meaning. Stylistically, some workable strategies are adopted to deal with translation difficulties in expressive function and aesthetic appeal.
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BAGASHEVA, Mariya. "PROVERBS AND PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN IVAN VAZOV’S NOVEL “UNDER THE YOKE” AND THEIR RENDERING INTO ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN." Ezikov Svyat volume 19 issue 3, ezs.swu.v19i3 (October 1, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v19i3.5.
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The paper examines the use of proverbs and phraseological units in Ivan Vazov's novel “Under the Yoke” and their rendering in the English and Russian translations of the novel. It studies the specifics of proverbs and the types of phraseological units as well as similes which have been excerpted from the English and Russian translations of the novel. The approaches of their rendering in these languages and the explanation of the reasons for their absence (if any) in the translation are also discussed. The paper focuses on the difficulties a translator may have when translating proverbs and phraseological units into another language. This is because these linguistic elements reflect a people’s life – their cultural, social, historical development, which poses a serious challenge for a translator to find an equivalent in a language quite different from the one in study. The study tries to discuss the most appropriate approaches a translator into English and Russian may use so as to render the specific meaning of the proverb, phraseological unit or simile without losing their “native flavor”. The theoretical framework is mainly based on the study of realias (or "non-equivalent vocabulary") by S. Vlahov and S. Florin in their book "The Untranslatable in Translation".
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Lakhera, Sonali, and Manoj S. Rana. "Othello Thou art Translated: Examining Equivalence in Othello in the Folk culture of Uttarakhand." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.10.6.
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Translation as an activity involving two languages and two cultures poses severe challenges for a translator aiming to produce a cultural equivalent of the source text. This negotiation between the source and the target texts consumes most of the time dedicated to the translation activity. This study makes a contribution to the exposure of local culture of Uttarakhand (India) into the larger field of translation studies. Though much study has been conducted in the field of equivalence in translation with respect to known languages, the concept needs to be explored in the regional and vernacular translations. This paper aims to examine a stage adaptation of Othello- the landmark tragedy of Elizabethan age, aiming to understand the use of equivalence to mitigate the cultural difference between ST and TT. The study undertakes a close reading of Othello by Shakespeare and its Garhwali version Rumelo, critical works based on translation studies, and the recordings of stage performances of the play in Garhwali. An interview with the translator (Bijalwan) and director (Dobhal) aided in understanding the significance of cultural and linguistic elements introduced by the translator and the dramatist for the target audience. The study involving domestication of a text of global significance asserts the universal value of Shakespeare’s plays transcending time, culture and geographical boundaries, and furthermore emphasizes the importance of translation, and equivalence in translation, in making the source text more audience-friendly and comprehensible.
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Kusmiati, Dewi, Lina Rosliana, Elizabeth Ihan Rini, and Zaki Ainul Fadli. "Translation Techniques in Environmentally Oriented Short Story Hinoki to Hinageshi (Pohon Hinoki dan Bunga Hinageshi) by Miyazawa Kenji into Indonesian." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131702005.
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This study analyzed the translation techniques of Miyazawa Kenji's Hinoki to Hinageshi, which were translated to Indonesian as “Pohon Hinoki dan Bunga Hinageshi” by the UNPAD Press translation team. This short story tells about the life of a Hinoki tree with Hinageshi flowers that want to become a star, until one day a demon incarnates who wants to take advantage of Hinageshi flowers. In this short story, there are words that have a direct equivalent in Indonesian and those that do not have a direct word equivalent, so the aim of this study is to find the translation techniques used when translating this short story. The theory used is the theory of translation techniques by Hoed (2006), and data were collected using the literature review method. The collected data were analyzed with a distributional method. There are 7 types of translation techniques used by the translator: 1) Transposition, 2) Modulation, in the form of shifted meaning and a shift in the scope of meaning, 3) Descriptive Translation, 4) Contextual Conditioning, 5) Official/Standard Translation, and 6) Cultural Equivalent.
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Air, Gagan Singh. "Techniques on Translation of Cultural Terms and Post-modernism." Shiksha Shastra Saurabh 21 (December 31, 2018): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sss.v21i0.35098.
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Translation is a process of rendering meaning from one language to another language and translation procedures are the technical strategies adopted by the translator to achieve the closet possible equivalent. In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the techniques of translation of cultural terms offered by New mark that have been employed in translating cultural words. This paper also aims to have an argument on the techniques of translation that focus on target readers in post-modernism. It has been found that in translating cultural terms, ten different techniques are found to have been employed in translating cultural words. Literal translation is mostly used and claque is the least used technique. There is triangular relationship among the translator, the text and the reader. A translator should remove the spectacle of domination and accept the foreign culture and source culture with respect in postmodernism.
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Ordanovska, Oleksandra, and Alexander Iliadi. "FEATURES OF COMPUTER TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LITERATURE INTO UKRAINIAN (on the example of texts on physics and engineering mechanics)." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2019, no. 29 (November 2019): 200–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-15.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the quality of computer translation of scientific texts that today is very relevant because of intensive progress and mass using of the Systems of Computer Aid Translation. The research aim was the analysis and comparison of computer translations of English texts on physics and engineering sciences into Ukrainian with using Pereklad.online.ua, Google Translate, PROMT, Pragma. The quality comparison of the texts' computer translations took place according to the parameters taking into account syntactic features, technical adaptation of the text, and correct use of terminological vocabulary. As a result of the research it was found that Google Translate translations which are based on the statistical (phrase-based) method turned out to be better. Google Translate translations took into account the syntactic features of the text and made a little of errors in grammatical forms; the technical adaptation of the text was carried out (the use of correct mathematical records of decimal fractions, signs of mathematical actions, transliteration of units of measurement; equivalent terminological vocabulary was used etc.) unlike another online translators' translations. The following Google Translate translations were improved due to the built-in translation memory system. At the same time the analysis of the Google Translate translation of the text on physics that used terms without unambiguous equivalents in Ukrainian has showed the inability of the online translator to perform the contextual translation. So computer translators can only play a supporting role and be used as the primary translator of standard scientific and technical texts.
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Kwan, Christine ML, Anna M. Napoles, Jeyling Chou, and Hilary K. Seligman. "Development of a conceptually equivalent Chinese-language translation of the US Household Food Security Survey Module for Chinese immigrants to the USA." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 2 (March 19, 2014): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000160.
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AbstractObjectiveTo develop a conceptually equivalent Chinese-language translation of the eighteen-item US Household Food Security Survey Module.DesignIn the current qualitative study, we (i) highlight methodological challenges which arise in developing survey instruments that will be used to make comparisons across language groups and (ii) describe the development of a Chinese-language translation of the US Household Food Security Survey Module, called the San Francisco Chinese Food Security Module.SettingCommunity sites in San Francisco, CA, USA.SubjectsWe conducted cognitive interviews with twenty-two community members recruited from community sites hosting food pantries and with five professionals recruited from clinical settings.ResultsDevelopment of conceptually equivalent surveys can be difficult. We highlight challenges related to dialect, education, literacy (e.g. preferences for more or less formal phrasing), English words and phrases for which there is no Chinese language equivalent (e.g. ‘balanced meals’ and ‘eat less than you felt you should’) and response formats. We selected final translations to maximize: (i) consistency of the Chinese translation with the intent of the English version; (ii) clarity; and (iii) similarities in understanding across dialects and literacy levels.ConclusionsSurvey translation is essential for conducting research in many communities. The challenges encountered illustrate how literal translations can affect the conceptual equivalence of survey items across languages. Cognitive interview methods should be routinely used for survey translation when such non-equivalence is suspected, such as in surveys addressing highly culturally bound behaviours such as diet and eating behaviours. Literally translated surveys lacking conceptual equivalence may magnify or obscure important health inequalities.
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Karwacka, Wioleta. "A quantitative analysis of translation strategies used in the translation of the International Classification for Nursing Practice into Polish." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 17(4) (September 29, 2020): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2020.4.03.
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This article discusses the standardisation and translation of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). The material used in the analysis is the ICNP in translation into Polish. The terms are grouped into the following categories: cross-cultural equivalent, terminological equivalent, descriptive equivalent, calques and borrowings, neologism. The results indicate which is the most frequent strategy involved using cross-cultural equivalents (1987 terms, 49.96 %). Calques and borrowings are present in 1025 terms (25.77 %), 904 (22.73 %) terms are terminological equivalents. There were only 61 (1.53 %) descriptive equivalents. No neologisms were found in the Classification.
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Karwacka, Wioleta. "A quantitative analysis of translation strategies used in the translation of the International Classification for Nursing Practice into Polish." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 17(4) (September 29, 2020): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2020.4.03.
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This article discusses the standardisation and translation of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). The material used in the analysis is the ICNP in translation into Polish. The terms are grouped into the following categories: cross-cultural equivalent, terminological equivalent, descriptive equivalent, calques and borrowings, neologism. The results indicate which is the most frequent strategy involved using cross-cultural equivalents (1987 terms, 49.96 %). Calques and borrowings are present in 1025 terms (25.77 %), 904 (22.73 %) terms are terminological equivalents. There were only 61 (1.53 %) descriptive equivalents. No neologisms were found in the Classification.
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Nowak-Michalska, Joanna. "A Parameter-based Method for Translating Polish Contract Law Terms into Spanish." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2016-0029.
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Abstract The paper deals with problems of legal translation from Polish into Spanish. It analyses selected terms related to contracts which are regulated in the Polish Civil Code and their possible translations into Spanish. In order to find adequate translation equivalents the author applies the method of parametrisation of legal terms (along with the method of comparing parallel texts and the skopos theory). The parametrisation of legal terms helps to systematically characterise and compare them and thus to identify differences in the meanings of the source language and target language terms and to choose the best equivalents. It may also facilitate the selection of a technique of providing translation equivalents for non-equivalent or partially equivalent terms. Parametrisation is understood as determining for each analysed term a set of properties it shows with respect to translationally relevant parameters – one property out of each parameter. A parameter is conceived of as a set of homogeneous properties.
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Petrova, Ekaterina I., and Oksana N. Naletova. "Translation of scientific and technical discourse terminology (on the example of instructions for operating agricultural machinery)." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 1, no. 28 (2022): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2022-1-28-176-185.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of techniques and methods of terminological units translation on the material of scientific and technical discourse texts. The rapid development of scientific and technological progress determines the practical need for the translation of scientific and technical documentation. Translation of texts and documents in scientific and technical discourse is an integral part of international economic relations and processes and is one of the factors of successful intercultural communication. In this case an important condition is compliance of the translated texts with the requirements of equivalence and adequacy. Scientific and technical texts, such as instruction manuals for agricultural machinery, are characterized by their rigor, logic, precision, conciseness, brevity, unambiguity and completeness, which all have an in-fluence on the translation of these texts. The increased density of information, as the most important feature of the texts of scientific and technical discourse, is achieved at the expense of a considerable number of terminological lexical units. The research shows that the lexical specificities of German and Russian and in particular the specificity of the terminological units are not identical and require special translation methods to be employed by the translator. This article examines the two main situations that arise when terminology is translated into a target language when an equivalent or equivalents are found in the respective dictionaries, and when no such equivalent is found. The analysis of translation techniques in the situation when there is no appropriate equivalent in the language to translate the term operating instructions has shown that the terminological units formed by hybrid type or using descriptive translation have been used most often.
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Hrushko, Svitlana. "MODELS OF TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE IN MACHINE TRANSLATION: PRAGMATIC ASPECT." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 30 (March 2020): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-4.
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The purpose of the article is to study problems of translation equivalence in machine translation, which is based on a sequence of invariable actions (algorithms) with a text to identify linguistic equivalents in a pair of languages at a given direction of translation by means of a computer, in respect of the pragmatic aspect. Translation equivalence is understood as a specific type of equivalence, which is fundamentally different from other types, since it does not correlate with the phenomena that have a special place in the structure of a language, but the phenomena that currently exist in a language correlation or are equivalent to the text content. The translation is formalized, but allows getting an idea of the text content at the introductory level, since it is not an accurate, adequate translation, but performs the function of rendering basic information. Machine translation is not able to render nuances of an original text, not only at the lexical level. When translating, it is necessary to take peculiarities of syntax and semantics into account. Adequate computer translation is almost impossible in this case. This fact is recognized by all scholars who study possibilities of this type of translation only when rendering main content of a document without taking language nuances and features into account. Machine translation can be carried out on a basis of the translation equivalence (objective and dynamic) model. The model in terms of linguistic technology provides an optimal solution of problems of independent linguistic description and algorithm. The system of translation equivalence, which can be implemented within the model of translation equivalence, allows providing sufficient quality of machine translation at the pre-editing stage. When creating a machine translation program, in addition to solving linguistic problems, a program of their implementation is also necessary, since a translation program is a tool for studying and finding information in a foreign language, and the prospects of a machine translation are related to the further development of translation theory and practice in general.
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Agriani, Trisakti, MR Nababan, and Djatmika Djatmika. "TRANSLATION OF WORDS REPRESENTING THE AUTISTIC CHARACTER IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON NOVEL." LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v3i1.1204.
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This study was aimed at analyzing the Indonesian translation of spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors made by autistic character in Flower for Algernon novel. It also analyzes translation techniques, methods, ideology, qualities of the translation. The method applied was descriptive-qualitative with the data in the form of translated words and phrases indicating spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors made by the autistic character. The primary data sources were Flower for Algernon novel along with its translation version in Indonesian. Meanwhile, the secondary data sources were informants who gave information on the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of translation. The process of collecting data used documentation, questionnaire distribution, and focus group discussion (FGD) technique whereas the sampling technique applied is purposive sampling. The findings of this research show that there are 309 data of words containing spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors. Four translation techniques are used by translator namely graphology normalizations, established equivalent, compensation, and deletion. The translation method used tends to be established equivalent with domestication ideology. The translation of words with errors by graphology normalization techniques produced accurate translations with decreases in acceptability. This is because the translator removes the autism markers from the source language to the target language.
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Kusuma, Deny. "Strategy Of Translating Gadget Brochure." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 1, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.1.2.38.339-351.
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The title of this writing is strategy of translating gadget brochure. There were two problems discussed in this thesis, namely (1) terms found in the gadget manual book and its equivalence in Indonesia, (2) strategies applied in translating gadget brochure. Based on the analysis result, it was found that the terms and its equivalent words found in the gadget brochure were classified based on: 1) simple words or compound words and terminology forming phrase. 2) words category found are: noun and verb. The recommended pattern to determine the equivalent word was pure borrowing strategy, not adaptation borrowing strategy. The adaptation borrowing in this context was related to the spellings, the pronunciation or sound adaptation in the TL rather than adaptation for the cultural substitutes that conceptually mismatches with the standardized terminology in the SL. In addition, the result of the analysis that there were seven strategies found in gadget brochure, they were translation by more general word (Superordinate), translation by a more neutral/expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation by using loan word or loan word plus explanation, translation by paraphrase using related word, translation by omission and translation by illustration. Keywords: Gadget brochure, Strategies of translation
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Matveenko, Ekaterina. "Księgi Metamorphoseon by W. Otwinowski as the Source for Russian Translations of Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Early 18th Century: Nomination of Sanctuaries." Slavistica Vilnensis 66, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2021.66(2).71.
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The article examines the translation of lexemes nominating shrines in Polish Ovid’s Metamorphoses adaptation Księgi Metamorphoseon, to jest, Przemian od Publiusa Owidiusza Nasona Wierszami opisane made by Walerian Otwinowski in 1638. From this Polish verse translation in early 18th century was made both Russian translations of Metamorphoses. Thus the results of present study can be considered also as starting point for further examination of Russian translations. It is determined that in Otwinowski’s version lexeme kościół was chosen as a unified neutral equivalent for some different Latin nominations of pagan sanctuaries. Comparison with another Polish translation of Metamorphoses, Jakob Żebrowski’s Metamorphoseon, to jest Przeobrażenia ksiąg piętnaście (1636), shows that Otwinowski’s decision to translate different Latin lexical equivalents by unified lexical item is a distinctive feature of his translation. For further study in translation techniques in both Russian translations it is important that the Polish origin (Otwinowski’s translation) itself doesn’t represent a field for a variety of translation correspondences within considered lexemes.
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Wijayanti, Gustini. "NON-EQUIVALENCE TRANSLATION AT WORD LEVEL FROM MANDARIN TO INDONESIAN IN HIGHSCHOOL/MA MANDARIN TEXTBOOK." Bambuti 2, no. 1 (September 28, 2020): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53744/bambuti.v2i1.9.
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This research aimed to analyze the non-equivalence translation at the word level, including translation strategy to solve the non-equivalence translation result from Mandarin to Indonesian in the Highschool/MA Mandarin textbook published Depdikbud. This research used the qualitative research method. This research proves 24 non-equivalence translation data from the source language (Mandarin) to the target language (Indonesian) at the word level. Non-equivalencies in the translation from Mandarin to Indonesian are caused by the misunderstanding word, phrases, or expressions in the source language. The translator can use the strategy to get the equivalent translation at the word level primarily by using the more familiar word and closer to the level from the source language (Mandarin) and using paraphrase.
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Buditama, Fikriya Choiruna, and Sajarwa Roman. "Metode Penerjemahan Metafora pada Novel Peter Pan Karya J.M. Barrie." UNDAS: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/und.v17i1.3181.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan dan mendeskripsikan metode-metode penerjemahan metafora dalam novel Peter Pan karya J.M. Barrie. Hal itu disebabkan oleh metafora merupakan bahasa figuratif yang dalam proses penerjemahannya ditemukan kesulitan untuk mencari kesepadanannya dalam bahasa sasaran. Dalam penelitian ini, proses penerjemahan tersebut dianalisis melalui delapan metode penerjemahan, yakni penerjemahan kata per kata, penerjemahan literal, penerjemahan setia, penerjemahan semantis, penerjemahan komunikatif, penerjemahan idiomatis, penerjemahan bebas, dan penerjemahan adaptasi. Sementara itu, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif komparatif, yaitu membandingkan metafora dalam novel Inggris dalam novel Peter Pan dengan terjemahan metafora dalam novel terjemahan berbahasa Indonesia. Data metafora dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan metode penerjemahannya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa (1) perbedaan sistem kebahasaan serta pola pikir pengguna bahasa sumber dengan bahasa sasaran menyebabkan tidak semua metafora dapat diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan padanan metafora dalam bahasa sasaran dan (2) dengan menggunakan metafora yang tepat, penerjemah dapat menyampaikan berbagai makna metafora teks sumber ke dalam teks sasaran tanpa mengubah makna dan citranya.Metaphor is a figurative language whose formation is influenced by cultural background thus the equivalent of source language cannot necessarily be found in the target language. The application of the translation methods can affect the result of translation equivalent. Therefore, this research aims to identify and describe the methods of metaphor translation in the J.M. Barrie’s novel, “Peter Pan”. This is a comparative research since it compares the metaphors found in the English source novel with their translations in its Indonesian translated novel. The metaphorical expressions used as the data are in the form of word, phrase, and clause which were taken purposively and were analyzed descriptively qualitatively based on Newmark’s theory of translation methods. The result shows that (1) there are eight translation methods which are used by the translator such as word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, communicative translation, idiomatic translation, free translation, and adaptation translation; (2) the difference in the linguistic system between the source language and the target language causes not all the metaphorical expressions are able to be translated with the equivalent metaphorical expressions; and (3) translation equivalent can be achieved if the translator is able to adjust the translation methods with the type of metaphorical expressions to be translated.
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Sayogie, Frans, and Moh Supardi. "Equivalence Levels of Literary Corpus Translation Using a Freeware Analysis Toolkit." Buletin Al-Turas 27, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v27i1.16916.
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Machine translation has the potential to make huge contributions to translation industries, but it seems, for now, that machine translation equivalence has led to a crucial point for literary translation by using machine translation because of the problem of the equivalence itself. This paper, therefore, aimed to see the equivalence degree of literary translation resulted by machine translation, i.e., freeware toolkit AntConc 3.5.0 software 2019. The data were collected from English-Indonesian J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and The Order of The Phoenix novel by using the software to find the equivalent translation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively based on the strategy of translation equivalent level proposed by Mona Baker (1992). The analyzed data revealed that the equivalent level of the software mostly occurred in a word level, above word level, and grammatical level. The software was likely difficult to find a textual level and a pragmatic level of translation equivalence because they required a context and still needed human involvement as part of a greater creative project of translation which were not done by the machine translation. After all, Antconc 3.5.0 as Computer Assisted Tool (CAT) brought a huge contribution to translation industry, helped to analyze large corpora particularly to find the degree of translation equivalence in word and above word level.
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Sembiring, Milisi, and Vivi Novalia Sitinjak. "Translating Proverbs in the Mate ras Mate Film Texts from Karonese Language into English." Lingua Cultura 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v13i3.5620.
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The research aimed to explore the problems and the solutions in translating proverbs in the SL into the TL. This research applied a qualitative research and supported by cultural and translation analyses. The data were collected from the dialogues of Ngapul and Yerti in the film of “Mate ras Mate”. The Karonese proverbs in the MRM film texts were the source language (SL). The researchers translated the SL and found out their equivalents in the target language (TL) in English. The data for this research were gathered from its film text. After collecting the proverbs in film, the researchers identified and translated them into English. The researchers applied the translation procedures of cultural equivalent, paraphrase, descriptive equivalent, and literal translation method to translate the proverbs in the SL into the TL. The result shows that many Karonese proverbs and cultural terms in the SL have no equivalent in the TL.
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BLOK, W. J., and J. G. RAFTERY. "ASSERTIONALLY EQUIVALENT QUASIVARIETIES." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 18, no. 04 (June 2008): 589–681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196708004627.
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A translation in an algebraic signature is a finite conjunction of equations in one variable. On a quasivariety K, a translation τ naturally induces a deductive system, called the τ-assertional logic of K. Two quasivarieties are τ-assertionally equivalent if they have the same τ-assertional logic. This paper is a study of assertional equivalence. It characterizes the quasivarieties equivalent to ones with various desirable properties, such as τ-regularity (a general form of point regularity). Special attention is paid to structural properties of quasivarieties that are assertionally equivalent to their varietal closures under an indicated translation.
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Kyvliuk, Valentyna. "TRANSLATION MODEL OF ENGLISH COMPUTER TERMS INTO UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE." Educational Discourse: a collection of scientific papers, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2017.5007.1-12.
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During the development of model of translation was ordered sequence of processes through which the computer term passes from the original language to a foreign equivalent. It was determined that the individuality of translator and his awareness of information and communication technologies affect the translation of the term. The translator will make a more accurate and adequate translation of not only the word, but also the text as a whole, if he will know this area well. The next point of the model is the context of the text (sentence). Because, due to the context, without knowing the words, the translator guesses its meaning on the intuitive level. The last point of this model is the translation method: transcription and transliteration, use of semantic equivalents, morpheme or lexical copying, explication or descriptive translation.
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Savchenko, Yevheniia, and Oleksandra Kosiuha. "TACTICS AND OPERATIONS IN ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF UKRAINIAN FOLK TALES." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 31 (December 2020): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-31-24.
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The article is devoted to the problems and difficulties that arise in the process of translating Ukrainian folk tales into English. Particular attention is paid to the translation of spatio-temporal categories, as they are an integral part of the linguistic picture of the world of each nation, which is reflected in their folklore. The problem of interpretation of the philosophical categories “space” and “time” has a long history. Different researchers have interpreted them differently, building their theories in philosophy, physics, mathematics, linguistics. This problem is not solved today in any of these areas of knowledge, so it is relevant and needs further study. In addition, the transfer of national identity of the original text is still not a simple but interesting task for translators, because the question of the nature, types of realities and methods of their translation remain to be open. Every translator must be able to apply the full range of linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge to translate the national color of the original during translation. The aim of the work is to analyze translation tactics and operations in English translations of Ukrainian folk tales. The research was carried out on the material of Ukrainian folk tales “The brother, the sister and the Devil Dragon”, “Ivanko, Tsar of the beasts”, “The poor man and his sons”, “Ivan-not-a-stitch-on and his brother”, “Ivan the dragon killer”, “The seven brothers — seven ravens and their sister”, “Ivan the bohatyr”, “Ivan the peasant’s son”, and their translation by Irina Zheleznova. We divided each of the selected fairy tales into three parts (in order to simplify the analysis of the text): initial, medial and final. In each of these parts, topographic and chronological formulas were identified. Then, by a comparative analysis, we determined the tactics and translation operations, which the translator used during her translation into English. On translating the all fairy tales into English, the translator used the strategy of communicatively equivalent translation. For this, the translator used the tactics of transferring relevant information, the tactics of pragmatic adaptation of the text, the tactics of reproducing the stylistic textual characteristics, the tactics of correct information formatting and the tactics of reproducing the formal-structural textual characteristics. More often, fairy tales were translated by using an equivalent match search.
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Ma, Hui-juan. "Exploring the differences between Jin Di’s translation theory and Eugene A. Nida’s translation theory." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 53, no. 2 (November 29, 2007): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.53.2.02ma.
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Some translation scholars hold that Jin Di’s theory of equivalent effect and Nida’s theory of dynamic equivalence are essentially same because Jin has basically adopted the definition of Nida’s dynamic equivalence in formulating his own translation theory. However, this paper reveals that there are some fundamental differences between the two theories in three aspects: (1) Nida’s theory is reader-oriented while Jin’s is text-oriented; (2) Nida’s theory is flexible while Jin’s tends to be inflexible; and (3) Jin’s theory is an ideal one in the sense that it cannot be realized in translation practice whereas Nida’s theory is a realistic one. Examples from Jin’s Chinese version of James Joyce’s Ulysses and Bible translations are given to illustrate these differences between Nida’s theory and Jin’s theory. This paper further explores the two major reasons that lead to such discrepancies: (1) the deficiency of Nida’s theory in dealing with transference of aesthetic elements for literary translation; (2) the influence of traditional Chinese translation theories upon Jin’s translation principle. Although Nida’s theory is not restricted to Bible translation, it has some limitations in guiding literary translation because it fails to address the transference of aesthetic elements for literary translation. When Jin translated Joyce’s Ulysses, he had to face the problem of aesthetic transference of literary works. This is the reason why Jin eventually turns to traditional Chinese translation theory and classic literary criticism to seek for support for his translation theory of equivalent effect.
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Fitriani, Nurul, Yoga Pratama, Kurnia Idawati, and Alia Afiyati. "KESEPADANAN TERJEMAHAN TRANSKRIP VIDEO DARI BAHASA INGGRIS KE BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MATA KULIAH MOVIE TRANSLATION (SUBTITLING)." Inteligensi : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/ilg.v3i2.1866.
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Nowadays, people can easily access everything with one-click away. For example, when you want to read an article in foreign language which you are not familiar with, then you just need to open Google Translate and within seconds, you will get the translation of it. To deal with that reality, a translator has to differentiate himself from machine translation which is increasingly used by the public. Therefore, the translator is required to produce an equivalent and natural translation in the Target Language. This research aims to provide understanding of translation equivalence on video transcripts conducted by students in Movie Translation (Subtitling) course. This study uses qualitative approach, content analysis method, and purposive sampling to collect data. In short, there are two types of translation equivalence used by students, formal and dynamic. Formal equivalence focuses on the similarity of the form and meaning of the message from Source Language to Target Language, while dynamic one focuses on the naturalness of expression in the Target Language.
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Dewiyanti, Sri, Mohammad Yahya, and Tiara Rahayu. "An Analysis of the Translation of Cultural Words in the Novel Salah Asuhan into Never the Twain." Jurnal Bahasa Inggris Terapan 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jbit.v1i1.1293.
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The aims of this study are to identify the category of cultural words found in Salah Asuhan novel and to find out the translation procedures and process used in translating them into English in Never the Twain novel. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied in this study. Interview with the translator was also done through e-mail to know the process of translating the cultural words. Fifty five Indonesian cultural words were found in the novel. Material culture was the most frequent cultural word category. Those cultural words were translated with the orientation to the high readability of target readers. Cultural equivalent was the most frequent translation procedures used in translating them. Keywords: cultural words, translation procedures, translation process, Salah Asuhan, Never the Twain
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Khair, Syukril, Bambang Suwarno, and Arono Arono. "Translation Analysis of Student’s Work (Study of Poetry Translation)." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature) 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v3i2.6862.
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The literary translation still becomes such of debating among several experts and researchers, especially at translation studies. The aim of this study was to find out what kinds of techniques of translation were applied in translating the poems of Maya Angelou, and how the appropriateness of techniques were applied by the students. Mollina & Albir’s classification of translation techniqueswas used as the primary theory in the analysis of the translation texts.This study was descriptive qualitaive and content analysis. The data were taken from text translations of two poems which consist of 550 data from 10 students as translators. The research findings revealed that14 techniques were used by students. The result showed that there were 14 translation techniques which were used, compensation, literal translation, modulation, linguistic amplification, discursive creation, linguistic compression, reduction, amplification, adaptation, transposition, borrowing, established equivalent, particularization, and description. The next finding showed that the appropriate techniques wereapplied at 69.3%. Meanwhile, inappropriate techniques were at 30.7%. The conclusion of this study was that students used the most at compensation and the lowest was description. The students mostly successful in applying appropriate technique at delivering messages, but were flub in recreating thepoetical aspect in Target Language. In some cases, this indicated deficiency in determining the equivalent expression in the target text. The suggestion for further researchers is to explore a similar study by investigating on figurative speech and poetical aspect at poetry translation.