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Journal articles on the topic 'Erbil'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Taher, Shamal, and Huda Halawachy. "“You don’t have to say much; paint it then!”: A Thematic Analysis of Mural Arts in Iraq (Mosul and Erbil as a Case)." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 9 (2024): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.9.23.

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People find themselves in need of adding some inspiration indoors; interior designers likely let their customers immerse in the charm of some wall art decor with sweet family room wall quotes like “Love begins at home”. The art of filling walls exceeds the interior spaces for decoration, including outdoor spaces where different forms of artistic expression are used. This wall art matters among populations globally as it conveys different messages to the public and the decision-makers as well. The current article investigates Mural Arts (MAs) in Mosul and Erbil, Iraq. The researchers aim to (1)

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Ibrahim, Rebwar Ismail, Sabah A. Mushatat, and Mohamed Gamal Abdelmonem. "Erbil." Cities 49 (December 2015): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.07.001.

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Akbay, Cuma, Rizgar S. Hussein, Bahzad Taher Salim, and Sirwan Latif. "Economic Crisis and Small Business in Erbil-Iraq." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 10 (2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i10.998.

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<p>This research investigates the impact of economic crisis in Erbil-Iraq on small business (SBs) sector using factor analyses model. The sample constitute data collected from 110 SBs by using cross sectional data and simple random techniques. Results indicate that economic recession has a negative impact on the SBs sector in Erbil in the last two years. Employing the simplified static analysis framework based on simulations revealed that the economic recession has influenced negatively influence Erbil economy. Increasing general inflation rate, decreasing living standards and purchasing

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Hamed, Masoud, Erkan Disli, and Jawhar Shukur. "Evaluation of Seasonal a Spatial Variation of Groundwater Quality by Determining Factors Associated with Water Quality Using Multivariate Analytical Methods, Erbil Central Sub-Basin." Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining 19, no. 1a (2023): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59150/ibgm1901a08.

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The study area is located in the northern Iraqi province of Erbil, covering a total area of about 1400 Km2 (3.5% of Iraq). The Erbil basin is mostly covered by Quaternary sediments, with only a few outcrops of Miocene–Pliocene formations in the east and northeast of Sharabot-Dedawan highlands, Avanah Mountain in the west and southwest in narrow strips, and Damirdagh in the north. The lithology of sediments ranges from clay, silt, sand, and gravel (sandstone, clay stone, and conglomerate). Erbil Basin, also known as Dashty Hawler Basin, Erbil provinces is the largest groundwater reservoir, with

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Kamal, Abha, and Abdullah Rashid. "The Nature of Iron Oxide Distribution in Some Calcareous and Gypsiferous Soils." Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 20, no. 2 (2022): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.20.2.10.

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The study area is located within two regions. The first site in Tikrit city (Tikrit University) represents gypsiferous soils and the second site represents calcareous soils in Erbil Governorate. Two pedons were chosen in Tikrit P1 (rainfed) and P2 (cultivated), and two other pedons in Erbil P3 (rainfed) and P4 ( cultivated) . Tikrit pedons showed presence of gypsum crystals of spindle and lenticular type with a length ranging between (0.2 -0.5) mm , the pores type of vughs and chamber, while the dominance of the planer and interconnected chamber pores in Erbil pedons. Iron oxides appeared in d

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Mohammad, Bahjat Ahmed. "Anal Fissure among Female in Erbil City." Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences 3, no. 3 (2013): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20133.2513.

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Objectives: to identify the causes of the fissure in ano among child bearing age female in Erbil city because it is very common in the Kurdistan. Methods : This prospective study of evaluation of fissure in ano among female patients in Erbil city and its surrounding for the period between may 2010 and may 2012, Data collected from 500 cases showed that fissure in ano is most common cause of ano-rectal pain in this locality among child bearing age females from clinic, Erbil teaching hospital and Erbil gynecological hospital All the patients were interviewed and clinical data were recorded inclu

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Abdula, Taher, and Azad Jokel. "Thyrotoxicosis in Erbil Governorate." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 4, no. 2 (2000): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10078.

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Mustafa Sulaiman, Dlshad. "Role، Kurdish Satellite Channels ، Guiding, Tourist، Erbil Tourist Attractions, Erbil Province." Twejer 7, no. 3 (2024): 231–55. https://doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2473.08.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the subject matter and the message of the reports on Kurdish satellite channels that are used to direct visitors for touristic attractions in Erbil province. The study is descriptive, and mapping (content analysis) theory is used for the data analysis process. The samples are taken from the entire reports of Kurdish satellite channels such as: Kurdistan TV, Kurdsat News, and Spedah. Travel news reporte on the targeted channels are specifically focused for data collection.The study concludes that the channels have successfully broadcasted tourism news, t

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Mustafa Chalabee, Botan A., and Bayan A. Hassan. "Cephalometric Norms of Erbil Kurdish Adults." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (2020): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp130-134.

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Ethical group might have differential skeletal forms, thus cephalometric analysis and orthodontic material have been developed for specific ethnic groups which might be different for Kurdish Ethics.Objectives: This study is to determine the cephalometric norms of an Erbil Kurdish population according to Steiner analysis, who attend to Tishk Hospital/Diagnosis Department Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 48 lateral cephalograms of adult orthodontic subjects between 20 and 29 years with normal occlusion, and with no previous orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Lateral cepha

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Ibrahim, Sangar Othman. "The Turkmen Language Survival in the City of Erbil: A Sociolinguistic Study." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 8, no. 4 (2024): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/lang.8.4.10.

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The main aim of the current study is to shed light on the current status of the Turkmen language in the city of Erbil. The main research questions for the current study are: Is the Turkmen language in any danger of extinction in Erbil? Does the Kurdistan Regional Government have any role in surviving the Turkmen language as an ethnic minority language in Erbil? The Turkmen language in Erbil is believed to be safe from extinction as Turkmen people use it in daily life without facing political or social issues. In order to obtain data, an open-ended survey is used involving 60 Turkmen teachers a

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Rasul, Rasul Muhammad, and Snur Sabah Sadiq. "Erbil Mutasarif (governors) and their policies in political situations and role in construction between 1923-1945." Twejer 5, no. 1 (2022): 107–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2251.3.

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Abstract Erbil Mutasarif (governors) and their policies in political situations and role in construction between 1923-1945 The British Army were able to occupy Erbil on 10-11-1918, ten days after signing the Mondros -ceasefire, between The Ottoman Empire and the Great Britain. They formed a local administration in Erbil under the previous Mayor (Ahmed Usman), who had acted as a (local governor or vice Mutasarif), namely belonged to the (Fatah Pasha) Kirkuk’s Mutasarif, until 1923. After this transition period, Iraqi Monarch issued an official order that recognized (Ahmad Usman) as official gov

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Abdullah Ismael, Najmaddin, and Mahdi Muhammad Qader. "The effect of political factors on agricultural land ownership and grain crops in Erbil Governorate 1975-1991." Journal of University of Raparin 11, no. 3 (2024): 522–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(3).paper22.

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This research is entitled the impact of political factors on the ownership of agricultural land and cereal crops in Erbil province in 1975-1991. During the research, the agricultural situation in Erbil province was of special importance for economic development. These include the industrial and commercial sectors, as agricultural products have become an important resource used as raw materials in the industrial sector, in addition to agricultural activities and products have affected the movement and trade processes and exchange. Whether in domestic or foreign trade. Ownership of agricultural

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Husen, Yousif H. "Machko Coffee shop – An Anthropological Field Research in Erbil City." KOYA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 7, no. 2 (2024): 390–97. https://doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v7n2y2024.pp390-397.

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The Research of cultural elements is the main subject of anthropology. Due to technological advances and the development of industry and the process of globalization, the cultural values of the world society in general and the research community in particular are facing significant changes day by day. The city of Erbil has its own culture that is different from the others. Coffee is part of the cultural heritage of the Kurdish community in general and the city of Erbil in particular. The culture of tea and coffee is part of the traditional activities of the research community. Tea and coffee a

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Hammadamin, Abdulqadir Bayz, Jestin Nordin, and Faris Ali Mustafa. "Interpretation of Space Syntax in Higher Education: A Study of Functional Efficiency in Architecture Schools in Erbil." Sustainability 16, no. 24 (2024): 11237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411237.

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Assessing a built environment’s functional performance and physical and psychological impact is essential for understanding its effect on users, particularly in higher education, where it informs the creation of effective learning spaces. This study aims to explore the application of Space Syntax Theory in a higher-educational context and examines the functional efficiency of three architecture schools in Erbil: Salahaddin University-Erbil, Koya University, and Cihan University-Erbil. Using a quantitative research paradigm, the study employs space-syntax methodologies, including axial map anal

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Abdullah A. Hassan, Karkaz M. Thalij, and Jamal J. Ahmad. "Effect of Nitrogen Supplementation additives at Casing on the Productivity and Quality of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 20, no. 3 (2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v20i3.1185.

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This study aims to assay the effect of the separate supplementation with 1, 3 and 5% of (Erbil Feed, WAFI HOLAND, Lysine, Methionine, Ammonium Chloride and Calcium Nitrate) at casing on the productivity and quality of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Results indicated a significant increase in total production and biological efficiency. with treatment of 1% Erbil Feed. When total production increased from 21.68 kg / m2 in the control to 23.20 kg / m2 with this supplement. While the biological efficiency was increased from 72.26% to 77.33% with the same supplement. Treatment 1% of Erbil Feed was

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Hussein, Saeed Ismail, and Khalid Khalil Ahmed. "Response of Yield Traits and its Components to Nano-Fertilization in Maize (Zea mays L.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 5 (2023): 052048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/5/052048.

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Abstract The experiment was conducted in the Bani Magan area belonging to the Directorate of Agriculture of Chamchamal and affiliated to the General Directorate of Agriculture of Sulaymaniyah, to study the effect of spraying three levels of nano-fertilizer NPK on the growth, yield and quality traits of seven genotypes of yellow corn during autumn season 2022, Using a split-plot design according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates, the main plots included the levels of NPK nanofertilizer (0, 2, and 4 g.L-1), foliar spray, While the sub-plots included the genoty

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Tomczyk, Jacek. "Preliminary report on human remains from Qasr Shemamok (Erbil, Federal region of Iraqi Kurdystan). Season 2012." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 11, no. 3 (2013): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2013.11.3.11.

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Qasr Shemamok, a large tell situated about 30 km southwest of Erbil, close to the village of Tarjan, is a well-known site of Iraqi Kurdistan. It has been identified as the remains of the ancient city of Kakzu (or Kilizu) since the 19th century. In 2012, a French archaeological Mission, guided by O. Rouault with a European team, and funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, came to work in Erbil, answering an invitation from the Kurdish authorities, and from the Erbil Salaheddin University, thanks to the strong support of the local French Consulate. The text presents the first results o

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Vatan Kaptan, Meltem. "Climate-responsive design strategy for Erbil city." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14, no. 1 (2019): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-04-2019-0089.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate passive techniques used in traditional and indigenous architecture in order to decrease energy use in the buildings and to increase thermal and users’ comfort. The city of Erbil is explored where in the rapid transformation and import of Western architectural styles and materials have resulted in ignorance of climate-responsive tradition existing in the city since thousands of years. Design/methodology/approach In order to propose a design strategy for modern residential buildings in Erbil city, a descriptive and interpretative approach is us

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Sulaiman, Twana Tahseen, Anuar Shah Bali Mahomed, Azmawani Abd Rahman, and Mazlan Hassan. "Correction: Sulaiman et al. Understanding Antecedents of Learning Management System Usage among University Lecturers Using an Integrated TAM-TOE Model. Sustainability 2023, 15, 1885." Sustainability 16, no. 20 (2024): 8920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16208920.

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The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper [1]:(1)Adding an affiliation to the first author: Twana Tahseen Sulaiman 1,2,*, Department of Banking and Finance, College of Administration and Financial Sciences, University of Cihan-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, IraqSchool of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia [...]

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Hameed, Safaa Mustafa, and Abdulrazak A. S. Mohammed. "Spectral Band Optical Analysis for Shape and Material of Terrestrial Imaging by Using Remote Sensing Technique." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 5 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.5.700.

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Photogrammetric grid is the generation of processing system (which is one of the remote sensing techniques) with efficiency developed based on imaging and computer cluster parallel processing; the new application of photogrammetric technique has been applied on the Castel-Gate of Erbil city. It is a way of analyzing the objects especially for a traditional one "the castle in the ancient city of Erbil". This paper got the analysis of Erbil Castel-Gate structure using visible & IR spectral band analysis for transmission and absorption energy (El ) based on civil study, as well as the analyzi

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Hameed, Safaa Mustafa, and Abdulrazak A. S. Mohammed. "Spectral Band Optical Analysis for Shape and Material of Terrestrial Imaging by Using Remote Sensing Technique." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 5 (2018): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.5.700.

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Photogrammetric grid is the generation of processing system (which is one of the remote sensing techniques) with efficiency developed based on imaging and computer cluster parallel processing; the new application of photogrammetric technique has been applied on the Castel-Gate of Erbil city. It is a way of analyzing the objects especially for a traditional one "the castle in the ancient city of Erbil". This paper got the analysis of Erbil Castel-Gate structure using visible & IR spectral band analysis for transmission and absorption energy (El ) based on civil study, as well as the analyzi

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Shuokr, Qarani, Sabah Jwan, Sardar Bruska, Hazim Anwer, Mohammed Sazan, and Aziz Zana. "Assessment of sewerage system and impacts of wastewater on the environment and reusing in Erbil city." Recycling and Sustainable Development 17, no. 1 (2024): 63–75. https://doi.org/10.5937/ror2401063a.

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This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the sewage system in the city of Erbil, Iraq, focusing on the wastewater's quality, quantity, and the environmental impact of untreated wastewater disposal. The city does not have a centralized wastewater treatment plant, although a design has already been approved. The study evaluates the current system by comparing existing data with previous research and highlighting the impact of lifestyle on wastewater characteristics in the region. The study highlights the dangers of reusing untreated wastewater for irrigation, which poses significant hea

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Tawfique, Saleh. "Ingested Foreign Bodies in Erbil." Advanced medical journal 1, no. 1 (2015): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56056/amj.2015.02.

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Background and Objectives Ninety two patients with history of ingested foreign bodies (FB) were seen between Jan 2002 to January 2010 in an otolaryngology clinic in Erbil . Majority of cases were children . Food particles and animal bones were found to be most common types of the foreign bodies . Cases managed by endoscopic removal of the FBs under General anaesthesia . Complications were rare except in two cases . The management of these cases is discussed . Rare foreign bodies of interest is reported .it is recommended that children under 5 years should be supervised and not to be left alone

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Aziz, Shuokr, and Sardar Bruska. "Applying mass balance dilution technique for wastewater disposal to Greater-Zab river in Erbil, Kurdistan region-Iraq." Reciklaza i odrzivi razvoj 14, no. 1 (2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ror2101031a.

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Treatment is essential for wastewaters prior to its disposal to the environment or water sources. Numerous wastewater treatment techniques are applied for the treatment of wastewater types. To date, dilution via mass balance approach has not been reported for treatment of various types of wastewaters in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Consequently, the aim of this work was to examine the treatment of various types of wastewaters using dilution method by river water through applying mass balance approach. Characteristics of different types of wastewaters and Greater-Zab River water in Erbil

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Ahmed, Nyaz Salah Aldeen. "The Influence of Healthcare Strategic Planning on Enhancing the Medical Staff Performance: A Case Study of Raparin Hospital in Erbil City." International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management 6, no. 4 (2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.6.4.4.

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This research aims to examine the influence of healthcare strategic planning on enhancing the medical staff performance: A Case Study of Raparin Hospital in Erbil City. A quantitative method was used to analyse the empirical data in the present research. The random sampling technique is also used as a sampling method. Based on that the researcher distributed 100 questionnaires among the medical staff of Raparin Hospital in Erbil City, but only 76 questionnaires were received and completed properly. The study developed four research hypotheses to measure the influence of healthcare strategic pl

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Ibrahim, Mustafa Sabah. "Investigating the influence of Types of Advertisement and Customer Choice." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 8, no. 9 (2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.89.4.

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In today's highly competitive business environment, companies frequently use advertising and ongoing promotion methods to entice customers and increase sales. The study was intended to determine whether or not shoppers in Erbil were influenced by various kinds of advertising before making purchases. The researcher employed a quantitative strategy for data analysis. The research aims to provide insight on the factors that influence customers' ad preferences among Erbil's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Researchers employed a random sampling approach to obtain data from participants s

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Nawsherwan. "The Mediation Role of Student Engagement Between the Influence of English Language Anxiety and Academic Achievement in Higher Education." OTS Canadian Journal 2, no. 2 (2023): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58840/ots.v2i2.13.

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   The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect that students' anxiety has on their academic performance, taking into account the function that student involvement plays as a mediator, at private institutes in the city of Erbil. To measure the effectiveness of the present research, the researcher employed a quantitative research approach in the form of a survey. The questionnaire was given out of total of four private institutes in the city of Erbil. Despite this, the researcher was successful in collecting 110 fully filled-out questionnaires. After the data collection

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Didar, Lavan. "The Mediation Role of Student Engagement Between the Influence of English Language Anxiety and Academic Achievement in Higher Education." OTS Canadian Journal 2, no. 4 (2023): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.58840/ots.v2i4.19.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect that students' anxiety has on their academic performance, taking into account the function that student involvement plays as a mediator, at private institutes in the city of Erbil. To measure the effectiveness of the present research, the researcher employed a quantitative research approach in the form of a survey. The questionnaire was given out of total of four private institutes in the city of Erbil. Despite this, the researcher was successful in collecting 110 fully filled-out questionnaires. After the data collection phase was finished,

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Othman Ismael, Sarwah, Shuokr Qarani Aziz, Bahar Mohammed Ahmed, and Ali Abdulwahed Mahmod. "Improvement of Erbil City Environment and Increasing Irrigated Areas through Simulated Hydraulic Design from Greater-Zab River Water." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 12, no. 4 (2023): 752–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n4a1656.

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Climate change, drought years, industrialization and oil production, investment, increase number of vehicles, air-conditioning systems, private electric generators and projects impacted on the Erbil City Environment. Green and planted areas were decreased; while desertification, groundwater problem and temperature increased. The objectives of the present research were to improve environment, increasing irrigated, groundwater table and tourist areas, and decreasing flood in Erbil City. To conduct the research, design of pumping station, pipe lines, ponds and artificial channels for conveying ra

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Radon concentration measurement in soil for some northen Iraqi's regions by using CR-39 detector." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 3 (2009): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.3.514-518.

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Concentrations of radon were measured in this study for twenty-four samples of soil distributed in six locations on the north part of Iraq. The radon concentrations in soil samples measured by using alpha-emitters registration that emits from Radon (222Rn) in (CR-39) track detector. The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results shows that the radon gas concentrations in Darbandikhan City varies from (16.60-34.04 Bq/m3), Halabja City (16.51-23.32 Bq/m3), Al Sulaimaniya City (17.61-32.25 Bq/m3), Koisnjaq City (22.04-35.65 Bq/m3), Shaqlaua City (21.1

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Khattab Muhammed, Hazha. "Job rotation and its impact on health care marketing An empirical study of the opinions of a sample of employees in a number of hospitals / Erbil." Journal of University of Raparin 11, no. 2 (2024): 626–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(2).pape25.

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The research aimed to find out the impact of job rotation on health care marketing in (hospitals in Erbil), by studying the medical services provided by the surveyed hospitals. The research problem was expressed by many questions, including: What is the effect of job rotation on health care marketing? What is the reality of job rotation and health care marketing in the surveyed hospitals? For this reason, the researcher surveyed the opinions of the study population, which numbered (75) individuals, distributed among four hospitals in the city of Erbil, namely (Zanko-Al-Ahly Hospital, Rizkari H

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AL-Ani, Nidhala H. K., and Ali Mustafa Mohammed. "Radon concentration measurement in soil for some northen Iraqi's regions by using CR-39 detector." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 3 (2009): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2009.6.3.514-518.

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Concentrations of radon were measured in this study for twenty-four samples of soil distributed in six locations on the north part of Iraq. The radon concentrations in soil samples measured by using alpha-emitters registration that emits from Radon (222Rn) in (CR-39) track detector. The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results shows that the radon gas concentrations in Darbandikhan City varies from (16.60-34.04 Bq/m3), Halabja City (16.51-23.32 Bq/m3), Al Sulaimaniya City (17.61-32.25 Bq/m3), Koisnjaq City (22.04-35.65 Bq/m3), Shaqlaua City (21.1

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Ahmed, Ramadhan, Karwan Sulaiman, Muhammed Hasan, and Ali Dauod. "Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among bodybuilders in Erbil city." Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences 25, no. 3 (2021): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2021.032.

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Background and objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic testosterone derivatives with a longer duration of action than physiological androgens. They are abused by bodybuilders because of their potential to enhance muscle strength. Serious medical and psychological complications may be associated with their non-medical use. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids among bodybuilders and their awareness of health-related risks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from the 1st of January 2019 to the end of July 2019 in 18 randomly sele

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Mohammad, Jumaa, Sabbar Saleh, and Diary Amin. "Determining the Surface Drainage Network Causing Flash Floods in Central Erbil Sub-Basins in Northern Iraq Using GIS and Geospatial Technique." Iraqi Geological Journal 57, no. 1F (2024): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.57.1f.15ms-2024-6-24.

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This research aimed to identify the most important geomorphological and morphometric properties of the Central Erbil sub-basin and the possibility of benefiting from its water by using it optimally for various uses. The study used the descriptive analytical approach to extract and analyze the morphological and hydrological properties of the valleys in the research area to determine the properties of water drainage networks and variables influencing surface earth formation. Watersheds' morphometric parameters are computed and Identified using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. C

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Ismail, A. M., and B. K. Maulood. "Notes on the ecology and distribution of the annual fern Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link. (Pteridaceae) in Northern districts of Iraq." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 2021 (June 1, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/2021.ihicpas.2644.

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The study involved the description of the environmental characters and distribution of Anogramma leptophylla (Annual Maidenhair fern) in Erbil and Garmian districts during May- 2017 in Kurdistan of Iraq. The geographical distribution of the taxa was recorded in Bani Bee region for the first time within the Garmian district but it was recorded before in the Zar Gali region within the Erbil district. The climatic characters of the studied site in Erbil district were: moist, cold and the elevation was up to 560 m above sea level with sandy clay soil texture whereas in the Garmian district: dry, h

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Sazan, Mohammed, and Farhan Salah. "Hospital hazardous waste management: Treatment, storage and disposal." Reciklaza i odrzivi razvoj 15, no. 1 (2022): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ror2101043a.

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Rapid population growth, industrialization, and growth of demand for raw materials for industrial and medical production result in generating a huge amount of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste is identified by its toxicity, flammability, and radioactivity characteristics. Disposing hazardous waste into the natural environment has a significant impact on health and all living things in the environment. Nowadays, numerous hospitals and industrial places generate a large amount of hazardous waste. The objective of this study is to evaluate the management system of hazardous hospital waste in Erbil

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Mohammad, Emad Aziz. "The Role of Economics Factors in Driving Economic Growth: An Empirical Study in Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences 19, no. 62, 2 (2023): 412–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.19.62.2.23.

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This study examined the implications of inequality, human capital, innovation and entrepreneurship, social and political instability, and other factors on sustainable economic growth in Erbil-Kurdistan. Quantitative methods were applied, and information from 2006–2022 was analyzed. Data analysis included a correlation and regression test. It was observed that inequality, social discontent, and political instability were significantly connected to the opposite outcome (low economic growth), while human capital, innovation, and entrepreneurship were significantly related to high economic growth

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Abdullah, Rushdi Aziz. "Factors affecting the role of local councils in local policy-making." Review of Economics and Political Science 4, no. 4 (2019): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/reps-12-2018-0035.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the relevance and impact of a number of factors on the role of local councils in local policy-making in Erbil province/Iraq. Design/methodology/approach This research theoretically based on literature review and adopted an analytical approach to clarify the related concepts through the policy cycle approach. On the empirical side, the research adopted a descriptive analysis for research questions and used statistical analysis to test the research hypotheses. Findings The results of the study reveal that variables of the local policy-m

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Al-Attar, Wafaa, Ronak Al-Barwari, and Omer Sae’ed. "Evaluation of Nursing Knowledge and Practices Concerning Nursing Care of Patient with Skin Traction in Orthopedic Units in Kurdistan Region." Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties 19, no. 1 (2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.58897/injns.v19i1.42.

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Objective: The study aimed to evaluate knowledge and practices of nursing staff at the orthopedic unitsregarding the existing care of patient with skin traction.Methodology: The sample consists of (40) nurses, (20) of them from Emergency Teaching Hospital in Duhokand the other (20) of them from Erbil Teaching Hospital in Erbil from 1st Dec. 2004 to the end of June 2005 inKurdistan Region.Two instruments were constructed to evaluate knowledge and practices. Evaluation of knowledge was done byusing of multiple choice questions composed of (25) questions, and evaluation of practice was done by us

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Azeez, Sally S., and Hadi M. Alsakee. "Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus gastroenteritis and change of incidence after rotavirus vaccination among children in Raparin Pediatrics Hospital, Erbil, Iraq." Med J Indones 26, no. 3 (2017): 190–97. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v26i3.1957.

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Background: Watery diarrhea is the most common medical problem among infants and young children, caused by different microbial etiology including Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus, which are usually misdiagnosed in conventional stool test. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of Cryptosporidium and rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in Erbil as well as evaluate the efficacy of rotavirus vaccination procedure applied in Erbil. Methods: Fecal specimens were collected from 400 children (boys and girls), aged one month to five years old, who attended Raparin Pediatrics Hospital in

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Hawara Nawzad Kareem and Rezan Ali Ibrahim. "Self-Acceptance among Adolescents in Erbil." Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences 28, SpC (2024): 214–29. https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.28.spc.13.

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The aim of this study is to measure the level of self-acceptance among adolescents in Erbil and to determine the differences according to gender, school type and economic level in self-acceptance variables. The number of participants was 105 adolescents, 47 males and 58 females, 53 of whom were in public schools and 52 in private schools. To prepare the scale, the researcher used the scale (Al-Masaura, 2018) and (Berger, 1955) (Chamberlain & Haaga, 2001) as well as the sample of Piloting. The results of the study showed that adolescents in Erbil have a high level of self-acceptance, and th

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YÜCEL, Doğan. "EFSANELERLE HARMANLANMIŞ BİR YAPI; ERBİL KALESİ." Journal of Academic Social Sciences 150, no. 150 (2024): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/asos.75383.

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Salman, Amna N., and Rand Agha. "Adaptive Reuse of Traditional Architecture under the Influence of Intelligent Systems." SPACE International Journal of Space Studies in Architecture and Urban Design 3, no. 1 (2022): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51596/sjp2022.v3i1a2.

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An intelligent system is a central part of the smart building that enhances adaptable reuse in an existing building. Many researchers agreed on a set of benefits of intelligent buildings, including reducing energy consumption, improving construction efficiency, predictive maintenance, increasing user productivity, better use of resources, and protecting and maintaining security and integrity, in addition to indoor comfort. This study investigates the impact of intelligent systems on the adaptive reuse of traditional cafes in Erbil, Iraq. This is achieved by answering the two research questions

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Bulut, Hilal Bulut, Rzgar Farooq Rashid, and Serap Saler. "ERBİL (IRAK) İLİNDE BULUNAN BAZI GÖLETLERİN ZOOPLANKTONU." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 16, no. 2 (2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2021.16.2.5a0151.

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AbdulJaleel, Zina A., and Bahman O. Taha. "Selection of Compatible Ground Motions with the Seismic Characteristics of Erbil City, the Capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp110-120.

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Erbil city characterized by the risk of earthquakes generated by Zagros-Taurus Belt. The central objective of this study is to obtain a compatible input ground motion within the seismicity of Erbil city since which is considered an essential component of seismic risk evaluation and vulnerability studies. The real records obtained from the online database Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Next Generation Attenuation. Four sets of ground motion selection and modification methods proposed to obtain fifteen records, where each record scaled and matched with the defined target spectra and sei

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Alhagbaker, Jawdat Mamand, Nazar Ali Shreen, Awaz Aziz Saeed, and Madiha Abbas Muhammad. "Assessment of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill Side Effects among Women Attending Maternal Child Health Centers in Erbil." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 30, no. 2 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v30i2.4170.

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Purpose: Studies exploring the adverse effects of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use among women living in Erbil/Iraq are lacking. This study aimed to assess the patterns of use and associated side effects among women in Erbil. Patients and methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey inquiring about demographic information and issues related to the use of OCPs and related side effects was completed by 235 women who had used OCPs at least once in their lifetime. Results: The women exhibited positive attitudes towards OCP efficacy and safety, positively associated with their patterns

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Mohamadamin, Mustafa, Karam Thiab, Ribwar Khalid, and Khidir Khidir. "Detecting second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molars in Erbil citizens: CBCT Retrospective study." Erbil Dental Journal 3, no. 2 (2020): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/edj.2020.16.

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Background and Objectives: The success of root canal therapy is depending on cleaning and shaping of the root canals. The root canals have complex morphology and wide individual variations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) of maxillary first molars in Erbil population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 101 permanent maxillary first molars were randomly se-lected from Erbil citizens. All teeth were examined for the number of root canals and the pres-ence of second mesiobuccal canal by Cone Be

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Yaseen, Hadar S., and Sabah A. Mohammed. "Demographic, Social and Cultural Factors and Their Relationship to Birth Control." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (2024): 334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v6n2y2023.pp334-346.

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The current era presents a population crisis, characterized by overpopulation or underpopulation in many countries. Overpopulation has negative impacts on social and economic development, leading to a reduction in the standard of living for individuals, families, and society at large. Conversely, a small population negatively affects the economic and political situation of societies. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between demographic, social, and cultural factors and birth control decisions among couples in Erbil city. This study examines factors such as delayed ma

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Hussein, Lava R. "A Preliminary Study on Landscape of Bakhi Shar Park, Erbil (Hawler), Kurdistan, Iraq." Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 2 (2023): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14222.

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Bakhi Shar park (B.S.P) occupies an area of 5910 m2 within Erbil city center. Current investigation was devoted to develop a new master plan for reorganizing the green spaces and reconstruction of B.S.P in Erbil, Kurdistan region-Iraq, in order to fit the park with resent advancement of civilization. There for an inventory of (Hard landscape and soft landscape) objects and green plantations of the park has been proposed and forwarded. Basic draft has been prepared, where, the assortment of plants been indicated clearly within it. Beside that a general list of trees, shrubs have been also assig

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Mustafa Sulaiman, Dlshad, and Hersh Rasul Murad. "The Role of Kurdish Satellite Channels in Guiding Tourists to Erbil Tourist Attractions." Journal of University of Raparin 12, no. 2 (2025): 80–108. https://doi.org/10.26750/vol(12).no(2).paper5.

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Satellite channels are effective media methods that play a crucial role in many aspects of life and important society issues, including tourism sector. The study may conclude in directing tourists to touristic attractions. This research study aims at exploring the role of Kurdish satellite channels in directing tourists to Erbil province tourist resorts and the extent to which tourists depend on these channels. To reach its aim and objectives, this complimentary study has used a survey questionnaire as a research instrument for collecting and analyzing the data. The research participants were

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