Relevant bibliographies by topics / Erbium Doped Optical Amplifier (EDFA)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Erbium Doped Optical Amplifier (EDFA)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Erbium Doped Optical Amplifier (EDFA)"

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Lavrinovica, I., A. Supe, and J. Porins. "Experimental Measurement of Erbium-Doped Optical Fibre Charecteristics for Edfa Performance Optimization." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 56, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2019-0011.

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Abstract The paper presents experimental study of the major erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) features such as gain at low signal and gain saturation by an application of different erbium-doped optical fibres (EDFs). The main objective of the research is to estimate how the performance of EDFA varies depending on the length of doped fibre, pumping configuration scheme, as well as excitation source power. It is shown that a high gain coefficient of 16–20 dB can be practically achieved.
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Huszaník, Tomáš, Ján Turán, and Ľuboš Ovseník. "Realization of a Long-haul Optical Link with Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2018-0018.

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Abstract The need for high capacity and bandwidth in broadband communication systems increased rapidly in a few past years. Optical fiber is now the major transmission medium for fast and reliable communication replacing the old copper-based connections. However, with the deployment of optical networks, number of problems arise. The main problem of optical networks is the amplification in the long-distance transmission. Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is the leading technology in the field of optical amplifiers. It uses erbium doped fiber to amplify optical signal. The importance of amplification in optical domain is relevant in long-haul and high-speed transmission systems. In this paper the study of the EDFA is presented. Based on an analytical study, the simulation model of the EDFA is created. The main aim is to determine the optimal parameters of the EDFA for a long-haul 16-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system. The performance of the proposed DWDM system is mathematically analyzed using BER (Bit Error Rate) and Q factor.
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Tarayana, Andhara Ersa. "SKKL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SUBMARINE CABLE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (SKKL) EDFA - SOA AMPLIFIER LINK JAVA – BALI USING OPTISYSTEM." Journal of Telecommunication, Electronics, and Control Engineering (JTECE) 3, no. 1 (July 17, 2021): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/jtece.v3i1.148.

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The Submarine Cable Communication System (SKKL) is a communication backbone that is deployed under the sea that used to connect networks between islands and between countries. DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology can support long distance communication. Repeater used to reduce the impact of loss, on the detector side the signal can be detected properly. EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) and Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) amplifiers can minimize the impact of loss and increasing the gain of each amplifier. The EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) is an optical amplifier that can work at a wavelength of 1550 nm which provides amplification for the input signal that passes through it which is doped with the element erbium (Er). SOA amplifier is an optical amplifier that utilizes cavity or room cavity to strengthen light. By using branching unit configuration and repeaterless, repeatered, and parallel in-line amplifier configuration and optical system software 7.0 with system reliability parameters such as Q-factor, Bit Error Rate, Power Receiver, and Signal to Noise Ratio with power variations (0 dBm, 2 dBm, 4 dBm, 6 dBm, 8 dBm) at a frequency of 100 GHz for 10 channels. The best result on the Q-Factor parameter is 15,928, the BER parameter is 5.87 x 10-057, the receiver power parameter is -10,319 dBm, and the SNR is 42,713 dB. In this research the best value obtained in the Parallel in-line configuration. So as the best average is in the Repeatered EDFA configuration.
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Malik, Deepak, Geeta Kaushik, and Amit Wason. "Performance Evaluation of Optical Amplifiers for High-Speed Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0133.

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Abstract Optical networks were invented by the developing and developed nations in order to extend the capacity required for communication systems in a worthwhile way. In this paper, the attempt is done to improve the capacity and performance of semiconductor optical amplifier, Raman and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) amplifiers used in optical networks. The potential of different optical amplifiers operating at 8×10 Gbps has been examined and their performance was compared on behalf of different parameters, viz. eye opening, eye closure, jitter, quality factor and transmission distances. It was observed that EDFA provided the consistent good quality of communication for long-distance transmission up to 150 km along with better eye opening and eye closure with acceptable jitter performance. Further, it is observed on the basis of quality factor and bit error rate that EDFA gives comparably better performance than Raman amplifier. Moreover, it is seen that as the data rate of the system increases, the quality of communication signals starts decreasing.
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AHMAD, HARITH, and SULAIMAN WADI HARUN. "DOUBLE PASS S-BAND EDFA." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15, no. 03 (September 2006): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863506003347.

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A double-pass erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based on a depressed cladding erbium-doped fiber, which operates in the short wavelength (S-band) region is proposed and demonstrated. This amplifier provides a small signal gain as high as 30 dB at 1500 nm, using only 15 m depressed cladding erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and 130 mW of 980 nm pump power. Compared to the single-pass configuration, this amplifier shows a gain enhancement of about 14 dB for pump powers above 120 mW. However, noise figures penalties of less than 0.9 dB are obtained for these pump powers. The proposed double-pass amplifier will play an important role in the development of a practical S-band EDFA from the perspective of economical usage of EDF and pump power.
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K. Abass, A. "Optical Fiber Amplifiers: Optimization and PerformanceEvaluation." DJES 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2019.12108.

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This work demonstrates the simulation of two different types of optical fiber amplifiers (OFA) utilizing OptiSystem–10, namely, 3 m length of erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and 7 km length of Raman fiber amplifier (RFA). The counter-pumped architecture is adopted for both proposed optical amplifiers. The optimum pump power (OPP) for each amplifier determines in which the longest 3–dB flat gain bandwidth (3–dB BW), reasonable average gain level (Gav), proper average noise figure (NFav) and lower gain variation (Gvar) were achieved. The EDFA shows best performance at conventional band (C–band) within the pump power of 30 mW.While the better performance is observed at long band (L–band) within the pump power of 600 mW for the RFA.
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Róka, Rastislav. "Simulation of the optical erbium doped fiber amplification for performance analysis." Journal of Electrical Engineering 72, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2021-0023.

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Abstract In this contribution, innovations in the simulation of the optical transmission path are presented specifically, the dynamic performance analysis of erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) properties for system applications is focused. Our EDFA simulation model is based on population equations of ions that can describe mutual relations between three states of ions in the EDFA amplifier. The presented numerical approach includes a signal gain and noise contributions to the single input channel amplification using the steady state modelling coming out of a dynamic model. The EDFA model in the steady state can be consequently applied for a purpose of advanced si mulations performed in the complete optical transmission path.
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Naser, Nour A., Muhammed R. Harb, and Hassan A. Yasser. ""Analytical Model of Pulse Amplification in Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier "." Muthanna Journal of Pure Science 7, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/2/07.02.2020/38-48.

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"Doping a part of the optical fiber core by (Er3+ ) ions in presence of external pumping power will lead to form the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).The performance of this optical amplifier depends on (the power and the wavelength of the pumping laser, the power and wavelength of the input signal, amplifier length, ion concentration). These parameters will affect the characteristics of EDFA such as amplifier gain, gain saturation, noise figure and output power. However, these characteristics can be determined by solving the EDFA propagation and rate equations. The solution of these equations of two-level laser medium can be done numerically. In this paper, we are proposed a novel method to solve these equations. The reconstructed results are perfectly coincided the well known numerical results.
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Liu, Li Ying, Yu Ma, and Jiu Ru Yang. "Parameters Optimization of Er3+ Doped Fiber Amplifier by Numerical Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1450.

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The erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is one of the most important devices in the present optical communication and measurement system. However, the problem on parameters optimization of EDFA is always an open issue. Aim to obtain the output characteristics quickly and flexibly, in this article, we model the operation of an EDFA system by simulation. The numerical results show that the output spectrum of EDFA with various parameters. And through analyzing the performance in terms of gain, flatness and noise, the optimal pumping power and the length of EDF are determinate.
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Wang, Peiyuan. "Optimal Design of Fiber Amplifier based on Thulium, YttErbium and Bismuth." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 46 (April 25, 2023): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v46i.7694.

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Although Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is still the mainstream of optical fiber communication nowadays, it has some limitations. The operation of EDFA is limited to 1530-1610nm, so it is an important research direction to explore different elements. This paper introduces three kinds of fiber amplifiers doped with different rare earth elements: Thulium-doped, YttErbium-doped, and Bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers. The optimal optimization performance is obtained through comparison logic by adjusting various parameters. The maximum gains of three rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers in different wavelength ranges are obtained: The maximum gain of a Thulium-doped fiber amplifier is 51dB in the wavelength range of 1900nm to 2050nm. The maximum gain of a YttErbium-doped fiber amplifier is 62. 5dB in the wavelength range of 1020nm to 1080nm. The maximum gain of a Bismuth-doped fiber amplifier is 23dB in the wavelength range of 1640nm to 1770nm. These works pave the way for future research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Erbium Doped Optical Amplifier (EDFA)"

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Dimopoulos, C. "Study of dynamic phenomena in WDM optical fibre links and networks based on EDFAs." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327071.

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Wijaya, Shierly. "Fixed-point realisation of erbium doped fibre amplifer control algorithms on FPGA." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0132.

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The realisation of signal processing algorithms in fixed-point offers substantial performance advantages over floating-point realisations. However, it is widely acknowledged that the task of realising algorithms in fixed-point is a challenging one with limited tool support. This thesis examines various aspects related to the translation of algorithms, given in infinite precision or floating-point, into fixed-point. In particular, this thesis reports on the implementation of a given algorithm, an EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier) control algorithm, on a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) using fixed-point arithmetic. An analytical approach is proposed that allows the automated realisation of algorithms in fixedpoint. The technique provides fixed-point parameters for a given floating-point model that satisfies a precision constraint imposed on the primary output of the algorithm to be realised. The development of a simulation framework based on this analysis allows fixed-point designs to be generated in a shorter time frame. Albeit being limited to digital algorithms that can be represented as a data flow graph (DFG), the approach developed in the thesis allows for a speed up in the design and development cycle, reduces the possibility of error and eases the overall effort involved in the process. It is shown in this thesis that a fixed-point realisation of an EDFA control algorithm using this technique produces results that satisfy the given constraints.
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Males, Mladen. "Suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0157.

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Ono, Shunsuke. "Optical properties and gain characteristics of erbium-doped fiber amplifier." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144986.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第11688号
人博第294号
新制||人||73(附属図書館)
16||185(吉田南総合図書館)
23331
UT51-2005-D437
京都大学大学院人間･環境学研究科環境相関研究専攻
(主査)教授 村中 重利, 教授 林 哲介, 助教授 田部 勢津久
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Males, Mladen. "Suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0157.

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This thesis reports original work on suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA). The work presented in this thesis is a detailed investigation of four closed-loop systems that control the EDFA gain dynamically. The performance of the four closed-loop systems is evaluated by analytical work, supplemented by computer simulations and insystem measurements performed on a hardware EDFA. In addition, a stability analysis of the four closed-loop systems is presented. In the stability analysis presented in this thesis, nonlinear nature of the four closed-loop systems is taken into consideration. In the stability analysis, in addition to proving that the four closed-loop systems considered are stable, it is proven that for any practical values of the EDFA gain at the initial time of observation, the EDFA gain is restored to the desired value in steady state. These outcomes of the stability analysis are supported by simulation results and experimental results. Errors in system modelling, change in the operating point of the nonlinear closed-loop system, and measurement noise are important aspects of practical implementations of systems that control the EDFA gain dynamically. A detailed analysis of the effects these practical aspects have on the performance of the four closed-loop systems considered is presented. The analysis is validated using computer simulations and experimental measurements. In most of the work reported in the literature on controlling the EDFA gain, controllers that include feedforward and/or feedback components are employed. In the traditional approaches to combining the feedforward and the feedback components, large transient excursions of the EDFA gain can still occur due to errors in the control provided by the feedforward component. In this thesis, a novel approach to combining the feedforward and the feedback components of the controller is presented. Based on the analytical work, the computer simulations and the experimental work presented in this thesis, the novel approach provides a significant reduction in the excursions of the EDFA gain in the transient period.
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GARTER, MICHAEL JAMES. "ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES FABRICATED ON ERBIUM DOPED GaN." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990545888.

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VELIZ, RICARDO ALBERTO OLIVARES. "POWER TRANSIENTS STUDY AND CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN WDM OPTICAL NETWORKS SUPPORTED BY DOPPED ERBIUM FIBER AMPLIFIER CASCATES EDFAS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2000. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8371@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA FEDERICO SANTA MARÍA
Neste trabalho são estudadas cascatas de amplificadores a fibra óptica dopada com Érbio (EDFAs) inseridas em redes ópticas multiplexadas em comprimento de onda (WDM). Modelos numéricos são desenvolvidos e implementados para estudar o efeito da variação do número de canais amplificados pela cascata de EDFAs no desempenho de redes WDM submetidas a funções de adição/retirada de canais. Considerando condições em estado estacionário, é desenvolvida uma inovadora configuração amplificadora WDM, que oferece robustez e bom desempenho diante da carga variável de canais transportados em enlaces de redes ópticas WDM. Transientes de potência em cascatas de EDFAs, assim como técnicas de compensação dos mesmos, são analisados. O estudo permite avaliar as vantagens e limitações dos modelos dinâmicos apresentados, assim como o desempenho das técnicas de controle de transientes de potência em cascatas de EDFAs, em condições realistas de operação.
In this work Erbium Fiber-Doped Amplifiers (EDFAs) cascades in Wavelength Division Multiplexed optical networks (WDMs) are studied. Computer numerical models are developed and implemented in order to study the effect of the EDFA channel number variation in the performance of optical networks submitted to channels add/drop function. Initially, steady state conditions are considered. Then, a WDM amplifier configuration formed by EDFAs, power compensators and optical filters is developed. This configuration - which is a novel one - has shown to be robust and to offer a good performance, in regard to the variable load of the transported channels in WDM network links. In order to obtain a more detailed study of power transients in cascades of EDFA, two dynamic computer models of these amplifiers are implemented: (i) - a simple one, that neglects the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and; (ii) - a second one, which rigorously consider all noise-derived effects in an EDFA cascade. In order to achieve power transients control, several compensation techniques are studied and implemented. A comparative analysis, concerning the efficiency of the above mentioned compensation techniques is carried out. Advantages and limitations of two dynamic introduced models were also evaluated, as well the control techniques of power transients in EDFA cascades.
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Da, Rosa Marcelo Zannin. "Optical gain clamping in erbium doped fibre amplifier : investigation in optical burst switching networks." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678524.

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Hoffman, Mark Brandon. "Sub-picosecond pulse propagation in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier with ion-induced dispersion." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14961.

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Goel, Nitin Kumar. "Development of "Core-Suction" Technique for Fabrication of Highly Doped Fibers for Optical Amplification and Characterization of Optical Fibers for Raman Amplification." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29302.

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This thesis presents a novel technique named "Core Suction" for fabricating optical fiber preforms for manufacturing highly doped fibers (HDFs) for optical amplification (Raman effect based or Erbium fiber based). The technique involves drawing the molten non-conventional core glass material into the silica cladding tube to form the preform. The developed technique is simple, inexpensive and shows great potential for fabricating preforms of highly nonlinear non-conventional multi-component glasses as the core material. Preforms were made with various core glasses such as Schott SF6, Lead-Tellurium-Germanate, Lead-Tellurium-Germanate- Neodymium -Erbium and MM2 in silica cladding tubes and then pulled into fibers. The fabricated fibers were measured for refractive index profile, loss spectrum and spontaneous Raman spectra. Elemental analysis of the fiber samples was also performed using an electron microprobe. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) were setup using 30 cm, 5cm and 1 cm lengths of fabricated erbium doped fibers and their gain spectra measured. The distributed gain spectrum for an EDFA was also measured using an optical frequency domain reflectometery (OFDR) technique. Commercial dispersion compensated fiber (DCF) with very high GeO2 doping was used to setup a Raman amplifier and the gain spectrum measured. One of the needs of Raman amplification in optical fibers is to predict an accurate Raman gain, based on the fiber's refractive index profile. A method of predicting Raman gain in GeO2 doped fibers is presented and the predicted Raman gain values are compared with the measured ones in the same fibers. Raman gain issues like the dependence of the Raman gain on the GeO2 concentration, polarization dependence were taken into account for the gain calculations. An experimental setup for Raman gain measurements was made and measurement issues addressed. Polarization dependence of the Raman gain in one kilometer of polarization maintaining fiber was also measured.
Ph. D.
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Book chapters on the topic "Erbium Doped Optical Amplifier (EDFA)"

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Weik, Martin H. "erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 535. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6388.

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Awaji, Yoshinari, Hideaki Furukawa, Naoya Wada, Eddie Kong, Peter Chan, and Ray Man. "Impact of Transient Response of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier for OPS/WDM and Its Mitigation." In Optical Network Design and Modeling, 29–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72731-6_4.

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Yeh, Chien-Hung. "Investigation of Broadband S-Band to L-Band Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) Module." In Some Advanced Functionalities of Optical Amplifiers. InTech, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61735.

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M. Dakhil Alsingery, Rifat, and Ahmed Mudhafer. "Development of Bismuth-Doped Fibers (BDFs) in Optical Communication Systems." In Bismuth - Fundamentals and Optoelectronic Applications. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93857.

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This chapter will provide background information in the development of BDFs and their applications in optical communication systems. Herein, the main focus is briefly described previous studies on BDFs that have attracted much interest over the last two decades. This necessary information and concepts are very much relevant to understanding this book, mainly due to the doping of Bi in the studied bismuth and erbium-doped silicate fibers (BEDFs). The remaining chapter is consisting of the following sections: Sec.2: General introduction about optical fibers. Sec. 3 discusses the general spectral characteristics of BDFs. Sec.4: Including the active centers (namely the bismuth (Bi) active centers (BACs)) responsible for the spectral properties in Bi-doped fibers. Sec.4 Discusses the Bismuth Doped Fiber Amplifier (BDFA).
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Al-Azzawi, Alabbas A., Mukul Chandra Paul, and Sulaiman Wadi Harun. "A wideband optical amplifier with a hafnia–bismuth–erbium co-doped fiber as the active medium." In Optical Fiber Technology and Applications. IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-3243-9ch2.

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Solymar, Laszlo. "Optical Communications: The Beginning." In Getting the Message, 211–24. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863007.003.0012.

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The first efforts by Alexander Graham Bell at optical communications by incoherent light are discussed. Those were very inefficient at the time but after the invention of the laser it was only a question of time when coherent optical communication will dominate the communications scene The beginning was slow because propagation both in air and in fibre waveguide was too large. Enormous efforts by the Corning Glass Works brought down the attenuation to a figure as low as a few dbs per kilometre making some further applications feasible. The next break-through was the invention of the fibre amplifier enabling the erection of long relay-free lines (maybe up to 10,000 km) possible range of applications was greatly extended by the invention of the fibre amplifier. Coherent light propagation in thin, single-mode fibres is discussed a very thin fibre is discussed. It is shown that an optical fibre can carry an enormous number of communication channels. The laser was invented just in time to help produce the signals, and it also became possible to produce pure enough glass fibres in which an optical signal could propagate with low attenuation. The invention of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers allowed them to be spread all over the world, including large number of lines under the oceans.
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Conference papers on the topic "Erbium Doped Optical Amplifier (EDFA)"

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Laming, R. I., D. N. Payne, F. Meli, G. Grasso, and E. J. Tarbox. "Saturated Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1990.mb3.

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It has not been generally appreciated that the erbium-doped fibre amplifier1 (EDFA) has both a saturation output power which increases with pump power, as well as an ability to operate deep in saturation without signal distortion and interchannel crosstalk2. The latter is a consequence of its slow gain dynamics and is quite different from diode-amplifier behaviour3. Most investigations of the gain-characteristics of EDFAs to date have concentrated on the small input signal regime and attempted to obtain high unsaturated gain for low-pump powers4,5, an attribute which is required for an in-line amplifier. By contrast, in this paper we discuss the application of EDFAs as power (post) amplifiers where the input signal is large and the amplifier saturation behaviour outlined above can be exploited. In the highly-saturated regime we have obtained near-quantum-limited differential pump to signal conversion efficiencies, resulting in 47mW (16.7dBm) of amplified signal for only l00mW of pump power at 978nm. Operating in this mode EDFAs are attractive for application as power amplifiers to ease power budget restrictions in point-to-point digital links, video distribution networks6 and LANs.
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Kimura, Yasuo, and Masataka Nakazawa. "Gain Characteristics of Lanthanum Co-Doped Erbium Fiber Amplifier." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1991.wd5.

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Recent progress on erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and their application to optical communications has been very rapid since the EDFA has many advantages such as polarisation-insensitive high gain, a low noisefigure, and low insertion loss.1 It is well known that in order to obtain a broader and relatively flatter gain profile, Aluminum (Al2O3) is co-doped into the core of the fibers.2,3 To make a wavelength independent flat gain profile is very important from the viewpoint of ultrashort pulse amplification and wavelength division multiplexing technique. Payne and Laming investigated a Borolanthanate co-doped EDFA.4 Although LaF3 or La2O3 were used as hosts for Nd ions5~7, detailed gain characteristics of a Lanthanum co-doped Er/SiO2 fiber amplifier have not yet been clarified.
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Way, W. I., A. C. Von Lehman, M. J. Andrejco, M. A. Saifi, and C. Lin. "Noise Figure of a Gain-Saturated Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Pumped at 980 nm." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1990.tub3.

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Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) have recently been extensively studied for applications in long-distance transmission[1] [2] and subscriber loop distribution systems[3][4][5]. The noise figure of the fiber amplifier is a parameter that must be considered in these systems to optimize overall system performance. Noise figures of an EDFA pumped at 1480 nm and 980 nm were reported to be near 5 dB[6], and 3 dB[7], respectively. However, these numbers were measured when the amplifiers were operated in the linear region. An EDFA may be operated in the gain saturation region when it is used as a power amplifier in the subscriber loop[3] [5], or when it is one of the latter stages of many cascaded amplifiers in a transmission system. In the latter case, the amplifier gain saturates because of the accumulated amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, which may be due to the finite passband of interstage optical filters, or because there is not enough inter-stage loss to compensate the amplifier gain. Under the above conditions, questions arise as to whether the amplifier noise figure increases while the gain is saturated, and what are the parameters that control this noise figure degradation. The subject of this paper is to examine these questions.
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4

Marcerou, J. F., H. Fevrier, J. Auge, C. Clergeaud, S. Landais, A. M. Briancon, and B. Jacquier. "Erbium-Doped Fibers Improvement For Optical Amplifier Modules." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1990.md7.

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Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are very attractive for all optical long span transimissions in the third telecommunication spectral window. Recently, over 2000km repeaterless transmission experiments have been performed with EDFA [1]. Two pump wavelengths appear truly excellent because of their very high performances and laser diode pumping feasibility : 1.48μm and 0.98μm, each of them having its own specificity [2]. Today’s best reported pump efficiency are 2.6dB/mW for color center laser pumping near 1.48μm [3] and 4.9dB/mW for a 0.98μm laser diode pumped amplifier [4]. The increase of the last year published EDFA performances clearly demonstrate that we may be far from optimized fibers.
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5

Blondel, J.-P., J.-F. Marcerou, J. Auge, H. Fevrier, P. Bousselet, and A. Dursin. "Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Spectral Behavior In Transoceanic Links." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1991.tha2.

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Some experiments have already been presented for long haul transmission using in-line Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) [1,2]. However, the question is to determine the actual system limitations for transoceanic links (up to 10,000 km), such as EDFA maximum output power, amplifier spacing, optical filter design. Some theoretical [3] and experimental [4] works have been published mainly with a recirculating loop.
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6

Cheng, Y. H., N. Kagi, A. Oyobe, and K. Nakamura. "Multichannel amplification characteristics of saturated erbium-doped fiber amplifiers." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1991.thb2.

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Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are attractive for various optical fiber transmission systems and networks owing to their several advantages such as high gain and low noise. A EDFA with its high output saturation power and wide gain profile is specially suitable for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) applications such as multichannel CATV distribution systems [1]. In these applications, the EDFA is normally used as a post (or a booster) amplifier and operates at a saturated region. Although it has been demonstrated that the EDFA is immune to patterning effects and interchannel interference, and has low gain saturation induced crosstalk [2], [3], there is little information about effects of wavelength spacing and fiber length in a saturated EDFA for multichannel applications. In this paper, we report the experimental results on wavelength and fiber length dependence of gain for saturated EDFAs in a two-channel amplification system. The experimental results show that when an EDFA operates at the saturated region in a multichannel system, a shorter fiber length than that in single-channel should be selected to get a flat gain profile, and that the Ge/Al/Er-doped silica fiber is desirable for multichannel amplification use since a gain hole-burning is observed for the Ge/Er-doped silica fiber.
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7

Hiramatsu, H., and S. Sentsui. "Erbium-Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier For Booster Amplifier Application." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1990.tub2.

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Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) have been attracting great attention in past couple of years for its prospect to be utilized in telecommunication area in an early stage, and various investigations have already been made on this subject. And they have revealed many advantages of EDFA such as low insertion loss, high amplifier gain (>40dB), good noise figure (approx. 3dB), polarization insensitivity (<1dB), high saturation output power (>10dB), and wide bandwidth. It seems that more attention has been payed for the application as preamplifiers that high gain and high efficiency is needed for the purpose.
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8

Uehara, Shingo. "Pump Sources for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1990.wa1.

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Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) have attracted much interest in the field of optical transmission research, due to their superior amplification at the third telecommunication window (around 1550 nm) [1-3]. Pump sources, which supply energy to the amplifying media, are major component of the EDFA. Semiconductor pump sources are indispensable for practical EDFAs which require compact and efficient pumping. Experimental application of EDFAs to transmission systems has been progressing with the help of high-power laser diode pump sources. This paper describes the state-of-the-art EDFA semiconductor pump sources: 980-nm InGaAs/GaAs and 1480-nm InGaAsP/InP lasers.
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9

Suyama, M., I. Yokota, S. Watanabe, and H. Kuwahara. "Pump Configuration and Length Optimization of Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier for Low Noise and High Power Operation." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1991.the4.

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In a ultra-long system with cascaded erbium-doped fiber amplifiers(1) (EDFAs), in order to keep a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as high as possible, EDFA(2) having high output power and low noise is highly required as a post-amplifier or as an in-line-amplifier. Such an EDFA is also important for optical pre-amplifiers with large dynamic ranges. Although Way et al. reported a low noise figure (NF) in a saturation region under the condition of sufficiently high pump power(3), the relationship between lowering the NF and optimizing the gain of EDFA was not clear. In this paper, we report that an EDFA having both a high output power (+15dBm) and a low NF (6dB) can actually be realized using 1.48μm pump LDs when the EDFA length is optimized to give a maximum gain for large signal power. In addition, we also show that there is a remarkable difference between forward and backward pump in terms of NF characteristics of EDFA in a deep saturation.
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Suyama, M., R. I. Laming, and D. N. Payne. "Temperature Variation of Gain in a 1480nm-Pumped Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier." In Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oaa.1990.wd3.

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The excellent performance of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers1 (EDFA) has been confirmed by many recent experiments2 and there is little doubt that EDFAs will soon be used in practical applications. Although an understanding of the amplifier temperature characteristics is indispensable in any application, surprisingly only one measurement has been reported to date. This measurement3 used the 0.6μm pump band and reported no significant temperature dependence of either the gain or the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum. However, when resonantly pumped at the more practical wavelength of 1.48μm, the situation is different. In this case, temperature-dependent gain characteristics are expected owing to a combination of the proximity of the pump and signal energies and the temperature-dependent distribution of ions within the metastable and the ground levels.
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