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1

Деренюк, М. М. "Картографування місцевості за допомогою геоінформаційних систем "Erdas"." Часопис картографії, Вип. 2 (2011): 50–54.

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2

Nelson, Stacy A. C., Siamak Khorram, and Shiloh Dorgan. "Image Processing and Data Analysis with ERDAS IMAGINE." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 86, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.86.10.597.

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Chen, Hao, Tian Liang, and Juan Yao. "The Processing Algorithms and EML Modeling of True Color Synthesis for SPOT5 Image." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.564.

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SPOT-5 image is widely used in every trade by its special advantage of high spatial resolution and stereo mapping. SPOT-5 image is difficult to composite true color without blue wavelength channel. This article aims to achieve approximation from RS images colors to natural colors through true-color processing. The experiential arithmetic module of true-color composite is established by Using Erdas Imagine, which is the software for processing RS image, and ERDAS Macro Language (EML), which is modeling language. Loading module and some simulations get more effective images of approximating natural colors by all kinds of surface features of SPOT-5 image.
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Maguire, David J. "The raster GIS design model—A profile of ERDAS." Computers & Geosciences 18, no. 4 (May 1992): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90076-4.

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5

Zeng, Guang Wei, Gui Fen Chen, Chu Nan Li, and Jiao Ye. "The Comparative Study of Remote Sensing Image Classification Method Based on ERDAS." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.542.

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ERDAS IMAGINE is a remote sensing image processing system developed by the United States.The paper using ERDAS to classified the remote sensing of Land-sat TM image data by supervised classification method and unsupervised classification method, Using the Yushu City remote sensing image of Jilin Province as the trial data, and classified the forest, arable land and water from the remote sensing images, compared the test data of the supervised classification and unsupervised classification method, shows that the supervised classification method can be better to solute the questions "with the spectrum of foreign body" and "synonyms spectrum" than unsupervised classification method, and optimize classification images, improved information extraction accuracy. The application shows the classification result is consistent with the actual situation and it laid the foundation for land to have the rational planning and use.
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Dobesova, Zdena. "Cognition of Graphical Notation for Processing Data in ERDAS IMAGINE." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070486.

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This article presents an evaluation of the ERDAS IMAGINE Spatial Model Editor from the perspective of effective cognition. Workflow models designed in Spatial Model Editor are used for the automatic processing of remote sensing data. The process steps are designed as a chain of operations in the workflow model. The functionalities of the Spatial Model Editor and the visual vocabulary are both important for users. The cognitive quality of the visual vocabulary increases the comprehension of workflows during creation and utilization. The visual vocabulary influences the user’s exploitation of workflow models. The complex Physics of Notations theory was applied to the visual vocabulary on ERDAS IMAGINE Spatial Model Editor. The results were supplemented and verified using the eye-tracking method. The evaluation of user gaze and the movement of the eyes above workflow models brought real insight into the user’s cognition of the model. The main findings are that ERDAS Spatial Model Editor mostly fulfils the requirements for effective cognition of visual vocabulary. Namely, the semantic transparency and dual coding of symbols are very high, according to the Physics of Notations theory. The semantic transparency and perceptual discriminability of the symbols are verified through eye-tracking. The eye-tracking results show that the curved connector lines adversely affect the velocity of reading and produce errors. The application of the Physics of Notations theory and the eye-tracking method provides a useful evaluation of graphical notation as well as recommendations for the user design of workflow models in their practice.
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Monte, Marco Antonio, Maria das Graças Ferreira Reis, Geraldo Gonçalves dos Reis, Hélio Garcia Leite, and Jonathan James Stocks. "Métodos indiretos de estimação da cobertura de dossel em povoamentos de clone de eucalipto." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 6 (June 2007): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000600002.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de uso de fotografias digitais na estimação do índice de cobertura de dossel (ICD), em substituição ao índice de área foliar (IAF). Fotografias digitais de 640x480 e de 1.280x960 pixels foram processadas por meio dos aplicativos Erdas, Gap Light Analyzer e Sidelook. O IAF, estimado com o LAI-2000, e as fotografias digitais foram obtidos aos 81 e 93 meses de idade, em povoamento de clone de eucalipto submetido à desrama e ao desbaste. Foram observadas correlações significativas entre IAF e ICD, e as fotografias com maiores dimensões permitiram maior diferenciação entre céu e dossel. O ICD, obtido pela classificação das fotografias com o aplicativo Sidelook, apresentou correlação mais elevada com o IAF, em relação ao obtido com o Erdas e o Gap Light Analyzer. Esses resultados indicam que fotografias digitais podem ser utilizadas para estimar o ICD de povoamentos florestais.
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YI, Piyuan, Yingjun ZHAO, Dechang LIU, and Guanghua LIU. "3D Landscape Modeling and Application Based on Erdas and DirectX Platform." Geo-information Science 12, no. 4 (August 24, 2010): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1047.2010.00473.

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9

Sun, Tong He, and Guo Qing Yan. "Land Utilization and Classification Method Based on Remote Sensing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.501.

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This paper discusses land utilization classification based on remote sensing technology. Taking the Xinjiang Kulja county bureau department area remote sensing images as the basic information, and using ERDAS IMAGINE, this paper discusses non-supervised classification and supervised classification methods. The results show that remote sensing technology applies to land utilization situation and land classification, which has reference value.
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Plotnikova, Marina, and Elena Khlebnikova. "MONITORING OF URBAN AREA WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 6, no. 1 (2019): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-6-1-86-93.

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The problem of identifying changes occurring in the territory of an urban area due to construction of new facilities, renovations and reconstructions using remote sensing of the Earth was considered. Various algorithms for automated detection of changes from different-time satellite images in the ERDAS IMAGINE 2010 program are analyzed in practice. Factors that must be considered when monitoring urban areas are identified.
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11

Hermon, Dedi. "Estimate of Changes in Carbon Stocks Based on Land Cover Changes in the Leuser Ecosystem Area (LEA) Indonesia." Forum Geografi 29, no. 2 (February 10, 2016): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v29i2.1487.

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This research aimed at designing the model of land cover changes in 1990 and 2014, and estimating carbon stock changes in each land cover in Leuser Ecosystem Area (LEA). The spatial model of land cover changes was analyzed by interpreting Landsat 5 TM imagery in 1990 and Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery in 2014 with ERDAS 9.1 and Land Change Modeller (LCM) in Idrisi TerrSet v.18. The analysis of land area changes (ha) in each land cover from 1990 to 2014 used ERDAS 9.1 with tools Interpreter (GIS Analysis-Matrix). Systematic survey method was employed in order to analyze carbon stocks. The sampling technique was stratified purposive composite sampling which used plot technique. The estimate of tree biomass used allometric equation. The estimate of carbon stocks in each land cover in 1990 was measured based on the total of carbon stocks in 2014 which was conversed with the areas of each land cover in 1990. Spatial model of land cover changes in LEA in 1990-2014 showed the changes of area in each land cover which caused the changes of carbon stocks in each land cover as well.
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Razafinimaro, Arisetra, Aimé Richard Hajalalaina, ZoJaona Tantely Reziky, Eric Delaitre, and Avisoa Andrianarivo. "Landsat8 Satellite Image Classification with ERDAS for Mapping the Kalambatritra Special Reserve." American Journal of Remote Sensing 9, no. 1 (2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20210901.12.

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13

Shrestha, Ila. "Study on Distribution of Rhododendron Arboreum Sm. In Langtang National Park Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing." Tribhuvan University Journal 29, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v29i1.25672.

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The paper is based on the study of distribution of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. in Langtang National Park ranging from 600 m to 7234 m. The study was carried out the Remote-Sensing and Geographic Information System technique. SPOT Image and ERDAS Software have been used for the image processing. The program has detected different ecological parameters in tropical to alpine zone and verified ground truth Rhododendron arboretum of the study.
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Chen, Jian Ping, Hong Li Liu, and Min Guo. "The High Resolution Lunar Planet DEM Based on the Altimetry Data of 400-Circle CE-1 Laser Altimeter (2B)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 142 (November 2011): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.142.28.

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Recent years, considering the decreasing amount of nature resource on Earth, It’s very important to expand the field of scientific research, and to develop new resources. Based on 400 rail CE-1 laser altimeter altimetry data (2B data), to process the data, delete the singular of data, and import the remaining data into ERDAS IMAGINE9.1 generating lunar planet DEM. Its spatial resolution is more accurate than the existing model of the lunar DEM.
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15

Gabzdyl, Martin. "Comparison of the tree species select classification methods from aerial photo." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 5 (2008): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856050279.

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This article describes a comparison of various programs for the automatic supervised classification used for identification of forest tree species representation from the aerial photographs. These programs were represented by American software Erdas Imagine 8.4, Czech products LuciaG 4.0 and TopoL DMT 6.014. The study displays a minor production forest area with proportion of four most frequently occurring tree species – spruce, larch, oak and ash in the research area of the forest region around Bystřice pod Hostýnem, the Czech Republic. For the reason of lower quality of spectrozonal photographs it was necessary to use some corrections; such as highlighting pen techniques, namely Kernel Processor Low-Frequency and High-Frequency filters, belonging to space operations. Photographs, modified in this way, served for a construction of individual training sets, which were consequently used within individual classification methods of directed classification in each comparative software. Self-classification took place at the level of a particular tree species. Classification accuracy was determined by comparison of results and reference data from the terrain research.The outcome is, that the best classification for oak and ash was in combination with TopoL program, classification according to gravity centre and combination of solation + insolation signature of the treetop parts with an aggressive shade.On the contrary, for spruce and larch was the best classification in combination with software Erdas Imagine, classification roles of intervals mahalanobis with combination of solation signature of the treetop parts, along these tree edges with an aggressive shade.
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16

Laosuwan, Teerawong, Singthong Pattanasethanon, and Worawat Sa-ngiamvibool. "Automated Cloud Detection of Satellite Imagery Using Spatial Modeler Language and ERDAS Macro Language." IETE Technical Review 30, no. 3 (2013): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0256-4602.113486.

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17

Li, Yu Peng, Zhi Gang Ling, Zi Qiang Ma, Zheng Gui Gou, Xiang Liu, and Yan Lin Tang. "Application of Remote Sensing Technology on Tobacco Planting in Fuquan City." Advanced Materials Research 815 (October 2013): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.910.

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Tobacco planting in Guizhou existed many problems such as exceed planting area, irregularity in quality, imprecise in crop estimate and kinds of disaster monitoring etc. In this article, to solve these problems some new schemes were given. The satellite remote sensing technology was applied on tobacco planting monitoring in Fuquan city of Guizhou province for the first time combining with ERDAS, GPS and ARCGIS in this paper. It put forward a specific implementation plan. And this plan could provide technical helps very well in planting area statistics, growth monitoring and yield estimation of tobacco in Fuquan city.
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18

Shrestha, Ila. "Spatially Distribution of Quercus semecarifolia in Rasuwa District Using GIS and RS." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i4.13980.

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The paper is based on the case study of Rasuwa district, is a land of geographical extremes, ranging from 600 m Betrabati river to 7234 m Langtang Lirung, the highest point in the northwest. The study was carried out on the detection of Quercus semecarifolia J.E.Smith using Remote-Sensing and Geographic Information System technique. SPOT Image and ERDAS Software have used for the image processing. The program has detected the different types of ecological parameters in tropical to alpine zone and specified the plant species in the study after ground truthing.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 747-749
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19

Gooch, M. J., J. H. Chandler, and M. Stojic. "Accuracy Assessment of Digital Elevation Models Generated Using the Erdas Imagine Orthomax Digital Photogrammetric System." Photogrammetric Record 16, no. 93 (April 1999): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0031-868x.00140.

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20

Novakovsky, B. A., A. V. Kudryavtsev, and A. L. Entin. "Software for GIS-processing of airborne lidar data." Geoinformatika, no. 4 (2020): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2020-4-2-11.

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The paper considers GIS software which may be utilized for airborne lidar data processing. Software list includes proprietary MicroStation with TerraScan plugin, Global Mapper, ArcGIS, ERDAS Imagine, LAStools, as well as free and open source SAGA, WhiteboxTools, and PDAL.io. Possibilities of import-export, 2D and 3D data visualization, point cloud editing and derivation of GIS datasets are examined for each software. Computational efficiency assessment is performed for the procedure of interpolation point elevation data in different software. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of the considered programs were identified in relation to various tasks. Key words: airborne laser scanning, software, geoinformation mapping, computational efficiency.
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Naik, Shekar, H. Gangadhara Bhat, and T. N. Sreedhara. "Impact of Land Use Land Cover Change on Coastal Tourism in Kundapura, Karnataka, Using Multi-temporal Remotely Sensed Data and GIS Techniques." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.19.1.

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The present study is an attempt to examine the Land Use Land Cover changes in parts of Kundapura Taluk in Karnataka for the period 2006 and 2016 and its impact on coastal tourism. IRS satellite images of 2006 and 2016 have been used and processed using ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS. The result indicated tremendous changes, particularly in mixed urban and agricultural land and proved that RS/GIS has advantages over conventional techniques. The result obtained, based on the multi-dated satellite data study, will assist in decision making and help to take appropriate measures to monitor and regulate coastal development in order to achieve sustainable and integrated coastal development.
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FERNANDES, Márcia Rodrigues de Moura, Ronie Silva JUVANHOL, Daniel Henrique Breda BINOTI, Gilson Fernandes da SILVA, Márcio BERNARDI, Josué Pedro dos Santos BORGES, and Hélio Garcia LEITE. "APLICAÇÃO DE CLASSIFICADORES CONVENCIONAIS E REDE NEURAL ARTIFICIAL PARA MAPEAMENTO DE UMA IMAGEM VANT." Geosciences = Geociências 36, no. 4 (January 17, 2018): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/geociencias.v36i4.10472.

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Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de dois classificadores convencionais e uma rede neural MLP para o mapeamento do uso da terra a partir de uma imagem VANT. Foram definidas quatro classes na imagem para a classificação automática: eucalipto, pastagem, matocompetição e solo exposto. O algoritmo utilizado no simulador de redes neurais artificiais NeuroDic® 2.0 foi o resilient-propagation. Para aplicação dos classificadores convencionais MAXVER e ISODATA foi utilizado o software Erdas Imagine®11. A melhor classificação foi obtida pelo algoritmo MAXVER e o pior desempenho, com o algoritmo ISODATA. Ao final, pode-se concluir que a rede neural mostrou ser um paradigma eficiente para a classificação de imagens.
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Merlin Mathew, Rincy, S. Purushothaman, and P. Rajeswari. "Performance comparisons of particle swarm optimization, echo state neural network and genetic algorithm for vegetation segmentation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.9286.

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This article presents the implementation of vegetation segmentation by using soft computing methods: particle swarm optimization (PSO), echostate neural network(ESNN) and genetic algorithm (GA). Multispectral image with the required band from Landsat 8 (5, 4, 3) and Landsat 7 (4, 3, 2) are used. In this paper, images from ERDAS format acquired by Landsat 7 ‘Paris.lan’ (band 4, band 3, Band 2) and image acquired from Landsat 8 (band5, band 4, band 3) are used. The soft computing algorithms are used to segment the plane-1(Near infra-red spectra) and plane 2(RED spectra). The monochrome of the two segmented images is compared to present performance comparisons of the implemented algorithms.
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Plotnikova, Marina A., and Elena P. Khlebnikova. "STUDY OF METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING TERRITORIAL CHANGES BY MULTI-TIME SATELLITE IMAGES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 6, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-6-2-48-58.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the efficiency of automated methods for distinguishing various types of objects on the earth's surface, which are both natural and rapidly occurring processes (fires, floods), as well as anthropogenic factors (construction, deforestation) in the synthesis of multi-time satellite images in ERDAS IMAGINE. Various methods were used to process synthesized multi-time images. Experiments to detect changes involved the use of the principal component method (in this case, components with less correlation were analyzed, which contain more information about changes), as well as correlation analysis of the synthesized image using the feature space. The implemented methods of detecting changes showed their efficiency, but none of them can give consistently high results when detecting changes in territories in automatic mode.
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Badenko, V., D. Zotov, N. Muromtseva, Y. Volkova, and P. Chernov. "COMPARISON OF SOFTWARE FOR AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING DATA PROCESSING IN SMART CITY APPLICATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W2 (September 20, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w2-9-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Problems of processing of point clouds of airborne laser scanning using different software for Smart City projects are considered. Results of comparison of suitable software on the base of a test point cloud are presented. For comparison we had chosen a criterion for how results of point cloud processing can be used in the smart city application. The following software were chosen for comparison: Erdas IMAGINE, ENVI Lidar, TerraSolid (without Terraslave), GlobalMapper, Autodesk InfraWorks. Comparison have been conducted in qualitative and quantitative terms. The results presented allowed us to create recommendations on the usage of specific software for airborne laser scanning data processing for Smart City projects.</p>
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Kaimaris, Dimitris, Petros Patias, and Maria Sifnaiou. "UAV and the comparison of image processing software." International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 5, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijius-12-2016-0009.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the comparison of image processing software. Design/methodology/approach Images from a drone are used and processed with new digital image processing software, Imagine UAV® of Erdas imagine 2015®. The products (Digital Surface Model and ortho images) are validated with check points (CPs) measured in the field with Global Positioning System. Moreover, similar products are produced by Agisoft PhotoScan® software and are compared with both the products of Imagine UAV and the CPs. Findings The results reveal that the two software tools are almost equivalent, while the accuracies of their products are similar to the accuracies of the external orientations of drone images. Originality/value Comparison of image processing software.
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Li, Shi Wei, Ji Long Zhang, and Jian Sheng Yang. "Acquisitions of Vegetation Coverage and Cultivated Land Occupation Ratio of Taiyuan Valley Plain for Example Using CBERS-02B CCD Image." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5663.

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Vegetation covering situation is very important for the quality of air quality, soil and water conservation ability and soil forming in an area. By using the remote sensing image of Taiyuan Valley Plain, the application of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and unsupervised classification, the vegetation coverage map which includes non-cultivated land disposition and cultivated land disposition was obtained using ERDAS Imagine software. To evaluate the accuracy of the results, 200 points were sampled randomly, the high spatial resolution remote sensing image from Google Earth was used as the reference. The overall classification accuracy is 82%, with the Kappa statistic of 0.81. By counting the totally pixel acreage, it was gotten that the vegetation coverage was 46% and the cultivated land coverage ratio was 31% in the study area.
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Akay, A. E., B. Gencal, and İ. Taş. "SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION USING LANDSAT IMAGERY: THE CASE STUDY OF KARACABEY FLOODED FOREST, BURSA, TURKEY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W4 (November 13, 2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w4-31-2017.

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This short paper aims to detect spatiotemporal detection of land use/land cover change within Karacabey Flooded Forest region. Change detection analysis applied to Landsat 5 TM images representing July 2000 and a Landsat 8 OLI representing June 2017. Various image processing tools were implemented using ERDAS 9.2, ArcGIS 10.4.1, and ENVI programs to conduct spatiotemporal change detection over these two images such as band selection, corrections, subset, classification, recoding, accuracy assessment, and change detection analysis. Image classification revealed that there are five significant land use/land cover types, including forest, flooded forest, swamp, water, and other lands (i.e. agriculture, sand, roads, settlement, and open areas). The results indicated that there was increase in flooded forest, water, and other lands, while the cover of forest and swamp decreased.
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Al-Zwbaidi, Halima Ibrahim Ali. "Assessing the Status of Drought Using Remote Sensing: An empirical study in the Western areas of the Taif district in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol6iss3pp61-74.

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This study aimed to utilize spectral indices in investigating the current drought of Taiff district in the 26 years (1984-2010). The study relies on processing and analysing of satellite data through several professional computer programs including ER Mapper, ERDAS and ArcGIS, where several spectral indices were used to evaluate the extent of the drought. The indices used in this study are OSAVI, VCI, TCI and VHI. Considering the results of the study, the indices: VIC, TCI, VHI and OSAVI which generally illustrate the deterioration in the ecosystem in the study area that can be considered now in a critical state. This study also contributes to building a data base and maps about drought condition and its extent based upon pixel size, sectors, and the area as a whole during the period of 1984-2011.
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Xu, Xia. "Dynamic Variation Analysis on Tibetan Lake Wetlands Based on RS." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1246.

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The wetlands of Tibet plateau have typical characteristics of highest elevation, largest area and most concentrated distribution. Tibetan Plateau Lake Group is one of the main five lake groups in China. TM images of 2000 and 2010 are analyzed by ERDAS and ARCGIS. And Landscape Ecology theory is applied to analyze the spatial and dynamic characteristics of Tibetan lake wetlands. The results show: there are 66643 lakes in 2000 and 54655 lakes in 2010, which means there have disappeared 11988 lakes. Xigaze and Lhokas lakes patches presented decrease trend. The lake wetland of Nagri has increased 3.32%.The lake wetland of Lhoka and Xigaze has decreased 7.37% and 3.52%. MPS, MPE, PSCov and PSSD indexes can reflect the lake wetland dynamic changes than other indexes. Tibetan Plateau is very sensitive to global cliamte change, espectially in Nagqu.
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Braga, Célia Campos, Jonathan Castro Amanajás, Clênia Rodrigues Alcântara, and Milena Pereira Dantas. "Avaliação do albedo nos diferentes tipos de cobertura do cerrado do Amapá - Brasil com imagens MODIS." Territorium, no. 25 (I) (December 13, 2017): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_25-1_10.

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O presente estudo visa fazer um estudo comparativo da estimativa do albedo em diferentes alvos em áreas no Amapá. O albedo determina o poder refletor da superfície no domínio espectro do sol e, é um dos componentes fundamental na estimativa do balanço de radiação da superfície. Utilizaram-se três imagens do sensor MODIS /Terra para os anos de 2002, 2006 e 2012. O processamento da das imagens foi feita pelo programa ERDAS. Empregaram algoritmos os de Liang e Tasumi para estimar o albedo nas áreas composto por área urbana, cerrado e floresta nativa e silvicultura de eucaliptos. Os resultados obtidos pelos dois métodos são eficazes na estimativa do albedo. A relação entre os valores médios estimados pelos métodos apresentou uma correlação de r=0,88 erro percentual médio EPM = 7,8% e erro padrão médio EPAM = 0,012 para o nível de significância α.
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Dantas, Fabiane Regina da Cunha, Célia Campos Braga, Enio Pereira de Souza, and Saulo Tasso Araújo da Silva. "Determinação do albedo da superfície a partir de dados AVHRR/NOAA e T/LANDSAT-5." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 25, no. 1 (March 2010): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-77862010000100003.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar uma distribuição espacial do albedo da superfície para obter uma relação funcional entre o albedo dos sensores AVHRR/NOAA e TM/LANDSAT-5, sobre diferentes alvos nas proximidades de Quixeré-CE, nos anos de 2005 e 2006. As imagens foram processadas pelo software Erdas Image 8.7 utilizando o SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land). Os resultados mostraram diferenças na variabilidade espacial e temporal do albedo nos dois anos estudados, pois 2005 foi predominantemente seco enquanto que 2006 foi um ano chuvoso. A relação funcional entre os dados AVHRR e TM apresentou coeficiente de correlação (r) igual a 0,75 com erro padrão de 1,67%. Valores de albedo da superfície estimados pelo AVHRR e TM apresentaram respectivamente erros padrões de 2,44 e 3,45%, quando comparados com as observações do radiômetro CNR1.
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Souza, Cristiano Marcelo Pereira de, Maurício Santana Moreau, Ana Maria Souza Dos Santos Moreau, and Ednice De Oliveira Fontes. "Níveis de Degradação de Pastagens da Bacia do Rio Colônia-BA com Uso de Imagens LANDSAT 5TM (Degradation Level of Grassland of River Basin Colombia-BA Using Landsat 5 TM)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 3, no. 3 (July 7, 2011): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v3i3.232685.

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A carência de manejo adequado ao longo dos anos provocou alterações negativas na qualidade das pastagens da bacia hidrográfica do rio Colônia, caracterizada em maior parte como degradada sem capacidade de suporte das pastagens, isto traz como conseqüência a baixa produtividade, caracterizada pela redução do efetivo bovino na região e ainda aumento da erosão dos solos que provoca assoreamento e redução das áreas apropriadas para atividades agropecuárias, bem como outros fatores que agridem o geossistema da bacia. Assim este estudo objetivou analisar os níveis de degradação de pastagens, com elaboração de um mapa temático que represente tal aspecto para a bacia hidrográfica do Colônia. Foi analisado a partir de imagens de satélite Landsat 5TM, com aplicação técnicas de sensoriamento remoto nas imagens, principalmente correção atmosférica, por meio da transformação de números digitais em valores de reflectância, através do software ATCOR do Erdas Imagine 9.2, o que reduziu o efeito da atmosfera sobre os elementos da imagem e com realce das diferentes classes, e permitiu uma classificação mais acurada com distinção satisfatória entre os níveis de degradação.Palavras-chave: pastagens degradadas, sensoriamento remoto, classificação. Degradation Level of Grassland of River Basin Colombia-BA Using Landsat 5 TM ABSTRACT The lack of proper management over the years led to negative changes in pasture quality of Colonia’s river basin, as featured on most degraded, with soil without carrying capacity of pastures, this brings the consequence of low productivity, characterized by reduced cattle density in the region and increased soil erosion which causes siltation and reduction of suitable areas for agricultural activities, as well as other factors that affect the geosystem of the basin. So this study aimed to examine the levels of pasture degradation, including development of a thematic map that represents that aspect to the Colonia’s river basin. Was analyzed based on Landsat satellite images 5TM, with application techniques of remote sensing in images, mainly atmospheric correction, through the transformation of values of digital numbers reflectance, using the software ATCOR of Erdas Imagine 9.2, which reduced the effect of atmosphere on the elements of the image and highlight the different classes, and allowed a more accurate classification with satisfactory distinction between the levels of degradation. Keywords: degraded pastures, remote sensing, classification
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Chouhan, Bhanu Priya, and Monika Kannan. "Impacts of Urbanization on Land Use Pattern and Environment: A Case Study of Ajmer City, Rajasthan." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.1.1514.

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The world is undergoing the largest wave of urban growth in history. More than half of the world’s population now lives in towns and cities, and by 2030 this number will swell to about 5 billion. ‘Urbanization has the potential to usher in a new era of wellbeing, resource efficiency and economic growth. But due to increased population the pressure of demand also increases in urban areas’ (Drakakis-Smith, David, 1996). The loss of agricultural land to other land uses occasioned by urban growth is an issue of growing concern worldwide, particularly in the developing countries like India. This paper is an attempt to assess the impact of urbanization on land use and land cover patterns in Ajmer city. Recent trends indicate that the rural urban migration and religious significance of the place attracting thousands of tourists every year, have immensely contributed in the increasing population of city and is causing change in land use patterns. This accelerating urban sprawl has led to shrinking of the agricultural land and land holdings. Due to increased rate of urbanization, the agricultural areas have been transformed into residential and industrial areas (Retnaraj D,1994). There are several key factors which cause increase in population here such as Smart City Projects, potential for employment, higher education, more comfortable and quality housing, better health facilities, high living standard etc. Population pressure not only directly increases the demand for food, but also indirectly reduces its supply through building development, environmental degradation and marginalization of food production (Aldington T, 1997). Also, there are several issues which are associated with continuous increase in population i.e. land degradation, pollution, poverty, slums, unaffordable housing etc. Pollution, formulation of slums, transportation congestion, environmental hazards, land degradation and crime are some of the major impacts of urbanization on Ajmer city. This study involves mapping of land use patterns by analyzing data and satellite imagery taken at different time periods. The satellite images of year 2000 and 2017 are used. The change detection techniques are used with the help of Geographical Information System software like ERDAS and ArcGIS. The supervised classification of all the three satellite images is done by ERDAS software to demarcate and analyze land use change.
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Silvério Neto, Roberto, Monique de Carvalho Bento, Sady Junior Martins da Costa de Menezes, and Fábio Souto Almeida. "Caracterização da Cobertura Florestal de Unidades de Conservação da Mata Atlântica." Floresta e Ambiente 22, no. 1 (March 2015): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.058013.

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O trabalho objetivou caracterizar a cobertura florestal de seis unidades de conservação da natureza no município de Três Rios, RJ: APA Bemposta; APA Lago do Caça e Pesca; APA Santa-Fé; APA Vale do Morro da Torre; MONA Encontro dos Três Rios; e o PNM Três Rios. Para localizar os fragmentos florestais foi utilizada a base de dados do satélite Landsat 5-TM, processada com os programas Erdas Imagine 9.2 e ArcGIS 10.0. Foram encontrados 527 fragmentos florestais, cobrindo uma área total de 7.075,77 ha (26,88% da área das unidades de conservação). A APA Bemposta se destacou por possuir a maior porcentagem de área com cobertura florestal (31,21%). O PNM Três Rios não apresentou fragmentos florestais com pelo menos 0,5 ha. As unidades de conservação do município apresentam um elevado número de fragmentos florestais relativamente pequenos, com formatos irregulares e grandemente isolados, o que contribui para a perda de biodiversidade.
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Morera_Beita, Carlos, and Luis Sandoval-Murillo. "Fragmentación y conectividad de la cobertura natural a nivel cantonal en Costa Rica durante los años 2000 y 2015." Revista Geográfica de América Central 4, no. 61E (May 7, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.61-4.2.

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En esta investigación se plantea la formulación de un índice de fragmentación/conectividad que valora la condición de las coberturas naturales a nivel de cantones para Costa Rica, basado en la distribución espacial, considerando las variables: superficie del cantón, la superficie de cobertura natural, el número de fragmentos y distancia de vecindad entre los fragmentos de la cobertura natural, para los años 2000 y 2015. Se utilizaron las imágenes Landsat 7 para el año 2000 y Landsat 8 para el año 2015, donde se derivaron las categorías de uso de la tierra para cada año mediante clasificación supervisada con el software ERDAS y con el ArcMap10.5, se estimaron los índices biométricos usando la ecuación de Vargas (2008), la cual para su aplicación fue modificada. Dentro de los resultados se identificó los cantones que presentan mayor o menor fragmentación y conectividad de su cobertura natural durante el periodo de estudio.
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Mainuri, Zachary Gichuru, John M. Mironga, and Samuel M. Mwonga. "Land Use/Land Cover Changes in a Disturbed River Watershed Kenya." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v3i2.p29-36.

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Drivers of land use change were captured by the use of DPSIR model where Drivers (D) represented human needs, Pressures (P), human activities, State (S), the ecosystem, Impact (I) services from the ecosystem and Response (R), the decisions taken by land users. Land sat MSS and Land sat ETM+ (path 185, row 31) were used in this study. The Land sat ETM+ image (June 1987, May, 2000 and July, 2014) was downloaded from USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems data website. Remote sensing image processing was performed by using ERDAS Imagine 9.1. Two land use/land cover (LULC) classes were established as forest and shrub land. Severe land cover changes was found to have occurred from 1987-2000, where shrub land reduced by -19%, and forestry reduced by -72%. In 2000 – 2014 shrub land reduced by-45%, and forestry reduced by -64%. Forestry and shrub land were found to be consistently reducing.
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Tang, Jie, and Yao Ji. "Prediction of Soil Erosion Loss Mass in the Coal Mining Areas of Jilin Province Based on 3S Technology and BP Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 1246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.1246.

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This paper partitioned five major coal mining areas respectively in central, southern and eastern Jilin Province for case study based on current situation of exploitation and distribution of coal resources through artificial neural network(ANN) and the 3S technology to gain soil erosion loss mass. On the basis of RUSLE equation, BP neural network is fused to gain the rainfall erosion index of higher precision than those of traditional method. By extracting of indices and raster calculation on the platform of ERDAS and ArcGIS software, we made predication of soil erosion loss of the coal mining areas. After verification, the precision of rainfall erosion index is high, and thus improved the predicting accuracy of soil erosion. Comparative analysis shows that the soil erosion in central section of Jilin Province has much lower intensity, and high degree erosion occurred in the east and south mostly.
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Xia, Xu. "Environmental Quality Assessment of Tibet Based on 3S." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.692.

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TM and HJ remote images were applied to land use interpretation of Tibet on the platform of Erdas software. The spatial distribution characteristics of Tibet land use were analyzed based on Landscape Ecology theory and GIS. The Ecological Index (EI) was calculated to access Tibetan eco-environmental quality. To validate the interpretation accuracy, GPS was used in field checking. The results show: (1) the farmland area of Tibet is 0.66%t of whole area. Woodland area is 164938.29 km2( 13.71%). Grassland is 548651.10 km2 (45.60%). Water area with 84392.81 km2 is 7.01%. Urban land is 3020.20 km2 ( 0.25%). Unutilized land is 460847.68 km2 (32.765); (2) High coverage grasslands are mainly distributed in some southern Tibetan counties, such as Xigaz, Nyemo, Lhongzi, Naidong, Yatung, Gyantse and Renbu (3) among 73 counties, there are 44 counties’ environment is moderate level, 18 counties’ environment is good level. Just one county’s EI is excellent level.
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Yuan, Debao, Ximin Cui, Yahui Qiu, Xueyun Gu, and Li Zhang. "Accuracy Analysis on the Automatic Registration of Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images Based on the Software of ERDAS Imagine." Advances in Remote Sensing 02, no. 02 (2013): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ars.2013.22018.

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41

Finn, Michael P., E. Lynn Usery, Douglas J. Scheidt, Gregory M. Jaromack, and Timothy D. Krupinski. "An Interface between the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) Pollution Model and the ERDAS Imagine Geographic Information System (GIS)." Annals of GIS 12, no. 1 (June 2006): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10824000609480612.

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42

Badea, C. "The irrationality of certain infinite series." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 29, no. 2 (July 1987): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500006868.

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The aim of this paper is to prove the irrationality of a certain class of infinite series. The main theorem is related to some results due to Erdos and Straus [7], Erdos [5] and Sándor [15]. As applications of the main result, the solutions of two problems posed by Erdös and Graham [6] are given, among others.
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43

Wang, Feng Xia, and Wei Hong Liu. "Study on the Landscape Pattern Change of Haikou City Based on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5394.

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The article is studying on the Haikou city, using Remote Sensing technique and GIS technology, with ArcGIS, ERDAS, FRAGSTAS, analyzing the temporal and spatial variation of landscape in Haikou City from 2000 to 2010, drawing the conclusion: residents, construction, farmland and forest land is the main part of landscape pattern and increased rapidly. Besides the decrease of unused land and water area, it also reflects that not only the landscape fragmentation degree of the integral sight in Haikou City in relatively high, but the landscape fragmentation degree of the residents, construction, farmland and forest land, which are the main part of Haikou City , is also relatively high.. Besides, the data also shows that each landscape didn’t connect well and the exchange of material energy among landscapes is not smoothly, which go against the mutual development between the landscape. However, the distribution of landscape in Haikou City is fairly balanced. There is no particularly advantaged type, which contributes to the balanced development of the landscape.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Geomorphological Mapping of Razzaza–Habbaria Area using Remote Sensing Techniques." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.1.155-166.

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Landforms on the earth surface are so expensive to map or monitor. Remote Sensing observations from space platforms provide a synoptic view of terrain on images. Satellite multispectral data have an advantage in that the image data in various bands can be subjected to digital enhancement techniques for highlighting contrasts in objects for improving image interpretability. Geomorphological mapping involves the partitioning of the terrain into conceptual spatial entities based upon criteria. This paper illustrates how geomorphometry and mapping approaches can be used to produce geomorphological information related to the land surface, landforms and geomorphic systems. Remote Sensing application at Razzaza–Habbaria area southwest of Razzaza Lake shows the different geomorphologic units and the land use maps that were delineated from Landsat ETM+ Image. Digital Image unsupervised classification was adopted to delineate the different classes by applying ERDAS 8.4 software. According to this classification five classes were selected and delineated in different colors.
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Elekwachi, Wali, Phil-Eze P. O., Nwankwoala Hycienth O., Bosco-Abiahu Lilian C., and Emelu Victoria O. "Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Wetland Ecosystem of Port-Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria." Engineering Management Research 8, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/emr.v8n2p54.

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The study analyzed changes in land use and land cover overtime in Port-Harcourt metropolis using remote sensing techniques from 1984-2013.The Geo-referencing properties of 1984, 1999, 2003 and 2013 include; universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection, and datum WGS 84, zone 32, ERDAS Imagine (2014).These were used for displaying processing, enhancement, classification of the imageries and also used for the delineation of the study area imagery. IDRIS SELVA was used for the development of land use land cover classes. ArcGIS 10.1was used in developing, display and processing of the location maps. Total percentage change and total rate of change for the entire trend after conversion are thus: Saltwater Wetland 23.44%, to- 2.17, Freshwater Wetland - 26.44%to- 11.49 Fallow land- 47.13%to- 5.41 Built-up Area 43.33% to 7.41Water bodies 43.36% to 3.06.The study recommended that activities shrinking wetlands size should be thoroughly put to check by the government and better efforts should be focused on those activities that inspire wetland conservation.
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Ganeshmoorthi, M. "Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Coimbatore North Taluk, Tamil Nadu, India using GIS and Remote Sensing." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.2.1436.

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The main aim of the present study is to assess Land use/land cover changes in Coimbatore North Taluk for the period of 2001 and 2018. The study area is located in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu state and geographical area is 479.5 km2. To analyze land use/land cover changes, a temporal satellite images Landsat 7 (2001) Sentinel-2 (2018) was used. Vector data for the study area was extracted from the SOI toposheets and taluk sheets. The above satellite image was classified into four major classes viz. water bodies, croplands, built-up area, and forest using hybrid supervised classification method. ERDAS Imagine 2015 and ArcGIS 10.5 software’s were sued to classify the satellite image and assess the land use/land cover changes for the above periods. The land use/land cover change detection analysis revealed that built up area was increased compared to 2001 and all other classes decreased. Urbanization is the primary cause of the land use and land cover changes for the study area.
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47

Lima, Zuleide M. C., Mateus R. Ribeiro, and Alexandre T. de O. Lima. "Utilização de imagens TM/LANDSAT-5 como ferramenta no mapeamento de solos." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 5, no. 3 (December 2001): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662001000300010.

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Imagens orbitais TM/LANDSAT-5 foram tratadas por técnicas de processamento digital, com o objetivo de se testar a viabilidade da utilização desta técnica em mapeamento de solos. A área estudada, parte da bacia do Rio Brígida, no sertão do Estado de Pernambuco, está delimitada pelas coordenadas UTM 428.000 a 420.000 mE, e 9.074.000 a 9.062.000 mN, totalizando 96 km². Usando-se a transformação RGB das imagens do visível e do infravermelho, e a aplicação dos principais componentes associada a técnicas de realce pelos programas WFM e Álgebra do ERDAS, versão 7.4, juntamente com informações de campo, verificou-se bom desempenho do tratamento digital na delimitação dos contornos das unidades de mapeamento e na individualização de alguns desses solos. O tratamento digital de imagens com apoio de campo mostrou-se adequado para o mapeamento de solos no nível de levantamento de reconhecimento. As composições coloridas (RGB) das bandas do TM mais informativas, para delimitação das unidades de mapeamento de solos na área estudada, foram 1-3-5 e 4-5-7.
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48

Kouder, Noor Zubair. "Satellite image classification using proposed singular value decomposition method." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 13, no. 28 (February 4, 2019): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v13i28.243.

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In this work, satellite images for Razaza Lake and the surrounding areadistrict in Karbala province are classified for years 1990,1999 and2014 using two software programming (MATLAB 7.12 and ERDASimagine 2014). Proposed unsupervised and supervised method ofclassification using MATLAB software have been used; these aremean value and Singular Value Decomposition respectively. Whileunsupervised (K-Means) and supervised (Maximum likelihoodClassifier) method are utilized using ERDAS imagine, in order to getmost accurate results and then compare these results of each methodand calculate the changes that taken place in years 1999 and 2014;comparing with 1990. The results from classification indicated thatwater and hills are decreased, while vegetation, wet land and barrenland are increased for years 1999 and 2014; comparable with 1990.The classification accuracy was done by number of random pointschosen on the study area in the field work and geographical data thencompared with the classification results, the classification accuracy forthe proposed SVD method are 92.5%, 84.5% and 90% for years1990,1999,2014, respectivety, while the classification accuracies forunsupervised classification method based mean value are 92%, 87%and 91% for years 1990,1999,2014 respectivety.
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Jahan, Zartab, Faiza Sarwar, Isma Younes, Rakhshanda Sadaf, and Adeel Ahmad. "Assessment of Smog Pattern and its Effects on Visibility in Lahore Using Remote Sensing and GIS." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss2.2019.263.

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In recent times, many parts of the world are experiencing drastic levels of air pollution, which includessmog, the mixture of fog and smoke, polluted air formed by human activities like burning of coal, excessive use ofvehicles and many others. During November 2016, Lahore city also experienced the smog due to increased level of airpollutants. In earlier studies, very limited research work has been done related to smog, therefore, this research is aimedto study the pattern of smog in Lahore and its impact on visibility through remote sensing and GIS. Satellite images ofMODIS and Landsat OLI, of November, 2016 is used to study the pattern of smog, whereas the visibility data wasacquired from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). For the processing and analysis of data ERDAS IMAGINE14 and ArcGIS 10.1 software were used. The findings of this research reveal that the dense smog cover on 2nd, 3rd,and 4th November 2016 leads to the considerable reduction in visibility. As on 2nd November’16, it was only 111.6meters (m) while during bright days it was recorded more than 300 m or 400 m.
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Jahan, Zartab, Faiza Sarwar, Isma Younes, Rakhshanda Sadaf, and Adeel Ahmad. "Assessment of Smog Pattern and its Effects on Visibility in Lahore Using Remote Sensing and GIS." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i2.263.

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In recent times, many parts of the world are experiencing drastic levels of air pollution, which includessmog, the mixture of fog and smoke, polluted air formed by human activities like burning of coal, excessive use ofvehicles and many others. During November 2016, Lahore city also experienced the smog due to increased level of airpollutants. In earlier studies, very limited research work has been done related to smog, therefore, this research is aimedto study the pattern of smog in Lahore and its impact on visibility through remote sensing and GIS. Satellite images ofMODIS and Landsat OLI, of November, 2016 is used to study the pattern of smog, whereas the visibility data wasacquired from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). For the processing and analysis of data ERDAS IMAGINE14 and ArcGIS 10.1 software were used. The findings of this research reveal that the dense smog cover on 2nd, 3rd,and 4th November 2016 leads to the considerable reduction in visibility. As on 2nd November’16, it was only 111.6meters (m) while during bright days it was recorded more than 300 m or 400 m.
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