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1

Lavarini, Paola. "Luoghi e pratiche di esilio nell'Italia gota: aspetti geografici, giuridici e culturali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423288.

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The subject of this thesis is the exile in its several juridical forms, the geographical and chronological context is the Gothic Kingdom of Italy (5th-6th Century). From the geographical point of view there is an analysis of different cases of exile’s places, in both an inclusive (confined in…) and exclusive (expulsion from…) sense. The thesis has a peculiar focus on islands, analyzing their function and perception during antiquity. From the juridical point of view there is an excursus on roman law, for researching the exile’s legal origins. As for the cultural aspects, the influence of the Christianity, which has given strongly positive value to the typical characteristics of exile (loneliness, isolation, distance…), particularly for the eremitic life, has been investigated. Finally, the point of view of a specific exile, Boethius, has been analyzed. He described his situation of reclusion as “exile” in his De consolatione Philosophiae, where we can observe the transition from the exile as a condition of the body to a state of soul.
Il tema di questa tesi è l’esilio nelle sue molteplici forme giuridiche; il contesto geografico e cronologico è quello del regno goto d’Italia (V - VI secolo). Dal punto di vista geografico è stata fatta un’analisi sui luoghi che sono stati coinvolti in casi di esilio, sia in senso inclusivo (relegazione) sia esclusivo (espulsione). Sono stati prese in particolare considerazione le isole, allo scopo di indagare la funzione e la percezione di esse in antichità. Dal punto di vista giuridico si è fatto un excursus sul diritto romano, per andare alla ricerca dell’origine dell’istituto adottato nella principale civiltà sviluppatasi nella penisola italica, che maggiormente ha influenzato i regni successivi. In seguito, si sono utilizzati i documenti giuridici di età ostrogota, incrociando le disposizioni legislative con i specifici casi di esilio del periodo, provenienti da altre tipologie di fonti. Per quanto riguarda gli aspetti culturali si è indagata l’influenza esercitata dal Cristianesimo, che ha fortemente valorizzato in senso positivo i caratteri tipici dell’esilio (solitudine, isolamento, lontananza, ecc...), tanto da farne i tratti principali dello stile di vita ideale per gli eremiti. Infine, è stato approfondito il punto di vista diretto di un soggetto esiliato, quello di Boezio, il quale definì ‘esilio’ la sua condizione di reclusione, nella sua più celebre opera “La Consolazione della filosofia”, nella quale si evidenzia esplicitamente il passaggio dell’esilio dalla dimensione corporale a quella dell’anima.
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2

Stegner, Jan. "Heldbock und Eremit." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150979.

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Die Käferarten Heldbock und Eremit sind zwei typische Bewohner alter Laub- und Obstbäume. Die reich bebilderte Broschüre gibt Einblick in das interessante Leben dieser beiden auffälligen Käferarten und zeigt auf, mit welchen oft einfachen Maßnahmen Heldbock und Eremit unterstützt werden können. Beide Arten sind in den letzten Jahrzehnten selten geworden und brauchen Schutz. Durch die Erhaltung von Baumveteranen in unserer Kulturlandschaft wird nicht nur die Lebensgrundlage dieser besonderen Käferarten geschützt, sondern Hunderte weiterer Insektenarten behalten dadurch ebenfalls ihren Lebensraum.
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3

Kern-Momberg, Hella. "Italo Calvino in Paris : "Eremita a Parigi" ? /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389480610.

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4

Stieglecker, Roland. "Die Renaissance eines Heiligen : Sebastian Brant und Onuphrius eremita /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38858791w.

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5

Dubois, Glenn. "Ecologie des coléoptères saproxyliques : Biologie des populations et conservation d'Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera : Cetoniidae)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473556.

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les insectes saproxylophages forment une part importante de la biodiversité des forêts tempérées et jouent un rôle biogéochimique fondamental en participant à la dégradation du bois mort. Le complexe saproxylique européen est aujourd'hui perturbé par les modifications anthropiques des forêts. De nombreuses espèces de ce complexe sont menacées de disparition et leur conservation nécessite de connaître les causes de leur vulnérabilité. Nous avons étudié l'écologie d'un coléoptère saproxylophage cavicole, Osmoderma eremita, espèce qui se raréfie à l'échelle de son aire de distribution et présente de faibles capacités de dispersion. Nous avons suivi ses populations par capture-recapture et pistage-radio. Des mesures complémentaires ont été réalisées au laboratoire (manège de vol). Nos objectifs étaient d'expliquer la distribution de l'espèce dans un bocage, d'étudier ses capacités de dispersion et d'analyser ses autres caractéristiques démographiques. Nous avons révélé l'influence de l'ouverture du paysage et de la densité de microhabitats sur la présence de l'espèce, avec une préférence pour les zones ayant subi la plus faible perte d'habitat en 60 ans. Nous avons mesuré des capacités de dispersion trois fois supérieures à celles alors relevées in natura. Les capacités des femelles étaient liées à leur condition. Les analyses démographiques ont révélé des sex-ratios biaisées en fonction de la population et de l'année. Nous avons démontré le rôle du sexe dans la démographie de l'espèce, facteur qui devrait intervenir dans les analyses de viabilité. De telles analyses permettent de proposer des mesures de conservation d'O. eremita adaptables à d'autres espèces saproxylophages.
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6

Dubois, Glenn. "Écologie des coléoptères saproxyliques : biologie des populations et conservation d’Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera : Cetoniidae)." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473556.

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Les insectes saproxylophages participent à la dégradation du bois mort. De nombreuses espèces de ce complexe sont menacées. Nous avons étudié l’écologie d’Osmoderma eremita, coléoptère saproxylophage qui se raréfie et disperse peu. Ses populations ont été suivies par capture-recapture et pistage-radio. Les capacités de vol ont été mesurées au laboratoire. Notre but était d’étudier la distribution de l’espèce dans un bocage, ses capacités de dispersion et des critères démographiques. L’ouverture du paysage, la densité de microhabitats et la persistance des habitats durant plusieurs décennies influencent la présence de l’espèce. Les capacités de dispersion mesurées sont trois fois supérieures à celles relevées in natura. Les capacités des femelles sont liées à leur condition. La sex-ratio est biaisée en fonction de la population et de l’année. Le sexe est donc un facteur qui devrait intervenir dans les analyses de viabilité permettant de proposer des mesures de conservation d’O. Eremita
Saproxylophagous Insects are involved in the degradation of dead wood. Many species of this complex are endangered. We studied the ecology Osmoderma eremita, a saproxylophagous beetle that is becoming scarce and is a short dispersal species. We monitored its populations by capture-recapture and radio-tracking. Fight capacities were measured in laboratory. Our goal was to explain the distribution of the species in an agricultural landscape, to study its dispersal capacities and some demographic characteristics. The landscape openness, the density of microhabitats and the persistence of the habitats during several decades have an influence on the species occurence. Dispersal capacities were three times greater than those observed in nature. The capacities of females were related to their condition. Sex-ratio was biased depending on population and year. Sex is a factor which should take place in viability analyses which would enable to propose conservation measures for O. Eremita
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7

Stiening, Gideon. "Epistolare Subjektivität : das Erzählsystem in Friedrich Hölderlins Briefroman "Hyperion oder der Eremit in Griechenland /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39934406x.

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Román, Carlos. "Hermits in the legislation of the Latin and Eastern churches." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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9

Weinel, Juliane [Verfasser]. "Mikrobiologische und parasitologische Untersuchungen an handaufgezogenen Waldrappen (Geronticus eremita) im Rahmen eines EU- Erhaltungszuchtprogramms (EEP) / Juliane Weinel." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1063954533/34.

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10

Bonfante, Anna <1988&gt. ""Via Annia" agli Eremitani: la accessibilità dei contenuti per una nuova lettura." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3646.

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In questo studio viene esposto un progetto di allestimento per non vedenti ed ipovedenti per la sezione "Via Annia" presente presso il Museo Civico agli Eremitani di Padova. Si tratta di un percorso museale, comprendente reperti originali e riproduzioni, di cui è stata elaborata una guida apposita per visitatori con disabilità visive. Sono state inoltre presentate le principali fonti normative, riguardo i temi della disabilità e della valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale ed è stato trattato il tema dei finanziamenti pubblici alla cultura.
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11

Monschauer, Winfried. "Das Augustiner-Eremiten-Nonnenkloster St. Maria zu Kamp bei Boppard : Geschichte - Struktur - Besitz /." St. Augustin : Gardez!, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37637325v.

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12

Coretto, Melania <1987&gt. "La configurazione organizzativo-gestionale di un museo: il civico "Agli eremitani" di Padova." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3762.

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13

Johansson, Henrik, Mikael Olsson, and Per-Johan Nilsson. "Resande för eremiter : Att frångå den mänskliga interaktionen i turismindustrin med hjälp av tekniska hjälpmedel." Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-474.

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Resandet idag har tagit nya former. Människor reser idag under kortare och fler perioder än vad de gjorde förr, vilket har medfört att planeringen innan, till och under resan blivit kortare. Turisten idag får vidare förlita sig på diverse tekniska hjälpmedel såsom Internet och GPS för att snabbt få information om resmål och destinationer. I och med de kortare planeringstiderna samt de kortare reseperioderna har turister inte längre alltid möjlighet att planera in guidade turer med en mänsklig guide. Till turistens undsättning i problemet finns idag förinspelade ljudguider som exempelvis kan användas genom att ringa upp ett specifikt nummer på en mobiltelefon. På det sättet försvinner behovet av mänsklig interaktion mellan turisten och turismindustrin. Uppsatsens titel ”Resande för eremiter” syftar till att göra en utredning av hur en turist kan inhämta turisminformation i hemmet, guidas till platsen, guidas på platsen, helt med hjälp av tekniska hjälpmedel utan direkt mänsklig kontakt med turismindustrin. Därigenom undgår turisten, likt en eremit, mänsklig kontakt under sin resa. Den övergripande slutsatsen av utredningen baseras på att en turist idag har full möjlighet att, inom undersökningsområdet som uppsatsen behandlar, undgå mänsklig kontakt inom turismindustrin. Dock finns vissa fördelar med att vända sig till exempelvis en mänsklig guide för att få en guidad tur. Det hela mynnar ut i en smakfråga, från person till person.

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Pulisci, Carlo. "Il complesso degli Eremitani a Padova: l'architettura di chiesa e convento dalle origini a oggi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423601.

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My doctoral dissertation is based on the church and convent of Saints Philip and James the Less of the Augustinian Friars in Padua, and tries to ascertain the architectural evolution of these throughout their history, from the beginnings to today. This complex has been examined less than the bigger mendicant convents of the city; the only scientific monograph is still the book by Sergio Bettini and Lionello Puppi (1970). During the Middle Ages the Mendicant Orders created an uniform type of architecture which was derived from Cistercian Architecture. However, academic studies in general focus on the Dominican and Franciscan models. Different methods made up my research, such as direct observation, as well as the use of historical photographs and pictures, maps and documents, and also the use of GPR. After a chapter on the historical context which explains the arrival of the Augustinians in Padua, the most important dates about the convent of the Hermit friars of St Augustine and the famous enzegnerius Giovanni degli Eremitani, the dissertation discusses Augustinian architecture and describes the church of Padua. The Church of the Eremitani is a single-nave structure with a famous wooden ceiling by Giovanni degli Eremitani. The present paper develops the building phases of the construction of the church, in particular during the medieval period, using new plans and 3D models, and the attention is also focussed on the altars, and their patronage, as well as the ancient rood screen. An important source for understanding the altars and the interior of the church is an inventory that lists the textiles of all altars inside the ecclesiastic building at the end of the fourteenth century. I was the first to transcribe and analyze it. The friary has two cloisters, and became the “Gattamelata” barrack after the Napoleonic Suppression of 1806. This military use of the buildings was probably the cause of the bombardment on 11 March 1944 during WWII. It is not easy to reconstruct the architectural scheme of the convent when it was inhabited by the Augustinian Friars. The structures which served for the communal life of the Mendicants often are less studied than the church buildings. Much of the information about the convent in Padua is lost, also because of the demolition and rebuilding of some parts of the ex friary, which today is the Civic Museum. For the medieval period the only information about the rooms inside the friary comes from wills. Two descriptions from the seventeenth century survive: one in the book Della felicità di Padova by Angelo Portenari (1623), the other is the Relazione del 25 novembre 1650. Both of them are written by priors of the Augustinian house in Padua, which is why they are reliable sources for the convent’s state during that century. It’s not an easy affair to individuate the functions of the rooms inside the buildings, but many points have become clearer through my research.
La mia tesi di dottorato è incentrata sulla chiesa e il convento dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo Minore agli Eremitani della città di Padova. Il suo scopo è analizzare l’evoluzione e la descrizione degli spazi architettonici lungo i secoli, dalla fondazione a oggi. La casa agostiniana è stata meno investigata rispetto agli altri complessi mendicanti patavini. L’unica monografia scientifica risale al 1970 ed è il testo di Sergio Bettini e Lionello Puppi. Nel medioevo gli ordini mendicanti creano un tipo uniforme di architettura che deriva da quella cistercense. Tuttavia gli studi sono generalmente indirizzati sui Domenicani e i Francescani. Nel corso della mia ricerca ho cercato di utilizzare un approccio multidisciplinare: l’osservazione diretta, l’utilizzo della cartografia e della fotografia storica, la trascrizione dei documenti e anche l’uso delle moderne tecnologie investigative non invasive come il georadar. Il primo capitolo si concentra sul contesto storico, ricostruendo l’arrivo degli Agostiniani in città, e le date principali di costruzione di chiesa e convento, oltre a cercare di focalizzare meglio la figura del famoso ingegnere architetto Giovanni degli Eremitani. Il capitolo seguente descrive l’architettura dell’edificio ecclesiastico, una chiesa mononavata della tipologia a granaio con la celeberrima copertura a carena di nave dell’Eremitano. La tesi poi si sofferma sulle varie fasi di costruzione del tempio, soprattutto in epoca medievale, proponendo nuove planimetrie, prospetti ricostruttivi e modelli solidi. Una particolare attenzione è stata data all’interno della chiesa come si presentava durante il XIV secolo, analizzando gli altari, le loro dedicazioni e giuspatronati e il distrutto tramezzo. Un prezioso aiuto proviene dalla trascrizione integrale di un inventario del corredo dei tessili risalente all’ultimo trentennio del Trecento. Il convento strutturato intorno a due chiostri, divenne la “Caserma Gattamelata” dopo la soppressione napoleonica del 1806, attualmente è sede del Museo Civico. L’uso militare è stato la causa del bombardamento anglo-americano dell’11 marzo 1944, quando parti consistenti di chiesa e convento furono distrutti. La tesi analizza anche i restauri dalla casa agostiniana che si sono avvicendati nel corso dei secoli. Non è semplice ricostruire la funzione dei vari ambienti all’interno del convento quando era abitato dai frati eremitani, infatti, le strutture abitative dei mendicanti sono poco investigate rispetto alle chiese. Molte informazioni del convento patavino sono perse, anche a causa della distruzione e demolizione di parti dell’ex complesso religioso. Alcune informazioni per il periodo medievale possono essere ricavate dai lasciti testamentari. Ci rimangono due descrizioni della casa agostiniana risalenti al XVII secolo: una nel libro Della felicità di Padova del 1623, l’altra è nella Relazione del 25 novembre 1650 stesa in seguito alle indagini promosse n Italia da Innocenzo X. Entrambe sono molto importanti perché prodotte da un priore del convento, quindi verosimili rappresentazioni dello stato degli edifici in tali anni. Non sempre si è potuto riconoscere la funzione esatta dei vari vani, tuttavia molte incognite sono state chiarite grazie alla mia ricerca.
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15

Cakir, Okan. "Jews from Konstantiniyye to Islambol : Istanbul jewry in the 17th century according to the accounts of Evliya and Eremya Çelebi /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1147727799.

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Rice, Patricia. "Landscape ecology of the Souss Massa National Park, southern Morocco and applications for the modelling of bald ibis (Geronticus eremita L.) habitat suitability." Thesis, University of Derby, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248820.

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Duff, Jacqueline F. G. "Hermits, recluses and anchorites : a study of eremitism in England and France c.1050-c.1250." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/384497/.

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Eremitism is a broad movement and took many different forms during the course of the middle ages. This thesis is a comparative study of the eremitic life in England and France during the period when it had, arguably, reached the height of its popularity. While eremitism in both countries shared many common characteristics, there were also differing interpretations of how this ideal should be achieved. That is most noticeable in the way eremitic communities were structured and in the activities with which they engaged. Inevitably, modem perceptions of medieval eremitism are shaped by the sources available, notably the writings of the hagiographers, all of whom had their own objectives when choosing to write the Life of a particular hermit. Modem historians, therefore, view medieval eremitic practices through the words of these hagiographers rather than through the actions of the hermits themselves. Using extant Vitae and other relevant texts, this study begins with an assessment of the primary sources, and how the language they use has affected both medieval and modern perceptions of the hermit. The terminology adopted for differentiating between a hermit, recluse and anchorite, if indeed, this is necessary, is significant to this debate and is discussed in the first two chapters. The following three chapters (3-5) examine how hermits lived, the support structures they created and how these differed in England and France. While hermits established their own 3 networks, they were still reliant on sponsorship from both the Church and society, which helped them to lead lives in accordance with their high ideals. The final three chapters (6-8) offer an analysis of the broad range of activities which hermits undertook, both spiritual and temporal, and explores how they interacted with the Church and society through these activities. It was due to such interaction that they were seen as channels for divine power and regarded by contemporaries as 'living saints'.
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Meier, Thomas [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Haase, and Mikhail [Gutachter] Eremets. "High Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Extreme Pressures / Thomas Meier ; Gutachter: Mikhail Eremets ; Betreuer: Jürgen Haase." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1240481853/34.

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Ulpts, Ingo. "Die Bettelorden in Mecklenburg : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Franziskaner, Klarissen, Dominikaner und Augustiner-Eremiten im Mittelalter /." Werl : D. Coelde, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369913491.

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Dreher, Max. "Die Augustiner-Eremiten in München : im Zeitalter der Reformation und des Barock (16. bis Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts) /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2003. http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/2003-4-049.

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Meng, Guofeng [Verfasser], Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Bartl, and Friedhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Marx. "Begegnung mit dem Eremiten – Zur Thematik des Einsiedlertums im Werk Hermann Hesses / Guofeng Meng ; Andrea Bartl, Friedhelm Marx." Bamberg : University of Bamberg Press, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177801493/34.

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Einenkel, Matthias [Verfasser], Konstantin [Akademischer Betreuer] Efetov, and Ilya [Akademischer Betreuer] Eremin. "Superconductivity and competing orders at magnetic quantum critical points / Matthias Einenkel. Gutachter: Konstantin Efetov ; Ilya Eremin." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1089005857/34.

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Silva, Severino Emanuel Cruz da. "O convento de São João Novo dos Eremitas de Santo Agostinho : instituição, património e arte na cidade do Porto." Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/19317.

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Local paradisíaco de que se avista grande extensão da cidade, do rio Douro e de Gaia. Quem viveu neste convento pôde aproveitar o melhor da paisagem, do sossego e do bem-estar. Recolhimento e paz de espírito não foram apenas suposições. Na verdade eram a realidade do dia a dia dos agostinhos. Foi um belíssimo paraíso que se prolongou ao longo de mais de dois séculos. Embora fosse de facto um modo de vida , de trabalho e de amor fraternal. Este lugar, que foi de oração, ainda hoje sobressai pelo seu aspecto simples e sóbrio de todo o conjunto arquitectónico. Descansem na paz de Deus todos aqueles que trabalharam para o engrandecimento do convento e descansem, na mesma paz, todos aqueles que promoveram a sua destruição.
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Silva, Severino Emanuel Cruz da. "O convento de São João Novo dos Eremitas de Santo Agostinho : instituição, património e arte na cidade do Porto." Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2003. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000151892.

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Local paradisíaco de que se avista grande extensão da cidade, do rio Douro e de Gaia. Quem viveu neste convento pôde aproveitar o melhor da paisagem, do sossego e do bem-estar. Recolhimento e paz de espírito não foram apenas suposições. Na verdade eram a realidade do dia a dia dos agostinhos. Foi um belíssimo paraíso que se prolongou ao longo de mais de dois séculos. Embora fosse de facto um modo de vida , de trabalho e de amor fraternal. Este lugar, que foi de oração, ainda hoje sobressai pelo seu aspecto simples e sóbrio de todo o conjunto arquitectónico. Descansem na paz de Deus todos aqueles que trabalharam para o engrandecimento do convento e descansem, na mesma paz, todos aqueles que promoveram a sua destruição.
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Altenfeld, Dustin [Verfasser], Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin, and Konstantin [Gutachter] Efetov. "Quasiparticle interference in unconventional superconductors / Dustin Altenfeld ; Gutachter: Ilya Eremin, Konstantin Efetov ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173421408/34.

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Peres, Joana de Castro e. Quadros do Carmo. "Contributo para a construção de um instrumento de descrição documental dos fundos conventuais provenientes da Ordem dos Eremitas de Santo Agostinho." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10703.

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Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Informação e da Documentação, variante de Arquivística
Durante o Estágio Curricular realizado no Serviço de Arquivo Histórico e Biblioteca do Centro Cultural do Patriarcado de Lisboa realizámos a descrição documental dos fundos do Convento de Nossa Senhora da Graça de Lisboa e do Colégio de Santo Agostinho de Lisboa, ambos provenientes da Ordem dos Eremitas de Santo Agostinho; seguidamente construímos ainda o respetivo instrumento de descrição documental, tipo catálogo, para cada um dos fundos descritos. No presente relatório de estágio refletimos sobre a importância do conhecimento da história institucional para a elaboração de uma descrição documental consistente e coerente. A nossa análise teve como base a documentação do fundo do Convento de Nossa Senhora da Graça de Lisboa, da Ordem dos Eremitas de Santo Agostinho, custodiada pela instituição de acolhimento do nosso Estágio Curricular.
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Volkov, Pavel [Verfasser], Konstantin [Gutachter] Efetov, and Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin. "Charge and current orders in the cuprates / Pavel Volkov ; Gutachter: Konstantin Efetov, Ilya Eremin ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163452017/34.

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Bovo, Claudia Regina 1979. "Em busca da renovatio cristã : simonia e institucionalidade eremítica na correspondência de Pedro Damiano (1041-1072)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280778.

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Orientador: Néri de Barros Almeida
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Pedro Damiano (1007-1072), eremita e cardeal-bispo, foi por muito tempo valorizado como fonte indispensável para a compreensão da "Reforma Gregoriana". Importante autoridade espiritual de Fonte Avellana e da Sé de Ravena, ele envolveu-se nos debates sobre as ações de renovação nos meios monástico e episcopal, tornando-se cardeal-bispo de Óstia e legado papal. Em sua correspondência, as iniciativas de renovação cristã concentraram-se no processo de identificação, denúncia e castigo da corrupção eclesiástica, no qual o combate à simonia, a experiência eremítica e a sacralização patrimonial adquiriram influência decisiva. Dessa maneira, é nosso objetivo investigar se o apelo de renovação cristã construído por Damiano teve como foco a transformação da Sé romana ou era apenas um movimento localizado em defesa das imunidades e isenções conquistadas por mosteiros e ermidas submetidos à sua autoridade. Além disso, pretendemos dimensionar o lugar dos referenciais monásticos, especialmente aqueles de origem cenobítico-eremítica, para fundamentação de suas ações "reformadoras". Numa clara articulação entre a definição dos lugares sociais e o uso político dessa identificação, as perspectivas de renovação cristã construídas por Pedro Damiano inseriram-se no debate a respeito da estruturação do poder eclesiástico no seio da sociedade feudal
Abstract: Peter Damian (1007-1072), hermit and cardinal-bishop, is recognized as an important reference of "Gregorian Reform". Spiritual authority of Fonte Avellana and Ravena's See, he was involved in discussions about the actions of renewal in monastic and episcopal circles and became cardinal-bishop of Ostia and papal legacy. In Peter Damian's letters, the development of Christian renewal had been concentrated in the process of identification, denunciation and punishment of the ecclesiastical corruption, in which the fight against simony, the eremitical experience and the sacralization of patrimony decisively influenced. Thus, our objective is to investigate if the appeal of Christian renewal built by Damian was focused on the transformation of the Roman See, or was just a defense of the immunities an exemptions conquered by monasteries and hermitages submitted to his authority. Additionally, we intend to measure the importance of the monastic references, especially those grounds cenobitical-eremitic references, in the Damian's reforming actions. Coordinating the definition of social places and political use of this identification, the prospects for Christian renewal built by Peter Damian were inserted in the debate about the structure of ecclesiastical power in feudal society
Doutorado
Historia Cultural
Doutor em História
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29

Eremina, Marina [Verfasser], Brigitte [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Poppenberger-Sieberer, and Erwin [Gutachter] Grill. "Studies of factors involved in cold stress responses of plants / Marina Eremina ; Gutachter: Erwin Grill, Brigitte Poppenberger-Sieberer ; Betreuer: Brigitte Poppenberger-Sieberer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1122738366/34.

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30

Mai, Sebastian [Verfasser], Konstantin [Gutachter] Efetov, and Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin. "Charge transport in irradiated graphene and Josephson structures / Sebastian Mai ; Gutachter: Konstantin Efetov, Ilya Eremin ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-38526.

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31

Fauseweh, Benedikt [Verfasser], Götz Silvester [Akademischer Betreuer] Uhrig, and Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin. "Dynamic correlations in one-dimensional quantum magnets at finite temperature : A diagrammatic approach / Benedikt Fauseweh ; Gutachter: Ilya Eremin ; Betreuer: Götz Silvester Uhrig." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123283648/34.

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32

Fontes, João Luís Inglês. "Da «Pobre vida» à congregação da Serra de Ossa: génese institucionalização de uma experiência eremítica (1366-1510)." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8390.

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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História, especialidade em História Medieval
presente dissertação procura estudar a génese, expansão e institucionalização dos grupos eremíticos que, desde 1366, se documentam em torno da Serra de Ossa, no sul de Portugal e que, a partir de 1482, se constituem como Congregação. Viriam, em 1578, a filiar-se, como Congregação autónoma, na Ordem dos Eremitas de S. Paulo Primeiro Eremita. Nesta data, a força dos ditames impostos por Trento quanto à vida religiosa ditaria a gradual clericalização das suas comunidades, a normalização da sua vida litúrgica, a obrigatoriedade da profissão solene dos três votos e a necessidade de preparação letrada dos seus efectivos. A nossa atenção recai, contudo, sobre o período anterior. Partimos de uma sentença apostólica emitida em 1378, que documenta a surpreendente expansão então alcançada pelos eremitas junto dos concelhos do sul de Portugal, bem como o precoce sancionamento dado ao seu modo de vida pelo Papado, que, inclusive, os envolve nos seus projectos de reforma da vida religiosa do reino português. Os indícios documentais sobreviventes e o estudo do itinerário de Fr. Vasco, associado às origens dos Jerónimos portugueses e espanhóis, permitem reforçar a tese da ligação inicial dos eremitas portugueses à influência dos círculos próximos dos fraticelli italianos, nascidos da herança dos espirituais franciscanos. Estudamos, num segundo momento, a evolução e expansão dos grupos eremíticos ao longo de todo o século XV. Procuramos analisar a relação dos eremitas com o poder régio, com as autoridades e populações urbanas e com as instituições eclesiásticas, em ordem a perceber as razões do seu sucesso e as distintas soluções institucionais adoptadas em ordem à salvaguarda e disciplinamento do seu modo de vida. A tendência será a de uma gradual institucionalização destes grupos, entre as pressões internas, as iniciativas ordenadoras conduzidas pela monarquia e as tentativas de anexação das suas comunidades por parte de outras ordens (Lóios e Jerónimos). Assim, em 1466, os eremitas constituem entre si uma irmandade em torno da comunidade da Serra de Ossa e, em 1482, aceitam o modelo mais centralizado da Congregatio. Desta decisão resulta a produção dos primeiros textos normativos mais articulados, que configuram, juntamente com a imposição pontifícia da profissão do voto de castidade, a forma de vida dos eremitas ligados à Serra de Ossa até à grande reforma operada em 1578. O recrutamento e composição destas comunidades permitem também perceber de forma mais clara a capacidade de resistência dos eremitas a uma mais rápida normalização do seu modo de vida. Mantêm-se, assim, afastados dos núcleos urbanos, em pequenas comunidades, maioritariamente laicais, conciliando a dimensão contemplativa com o trabalho manual e a opção por uma vida pobre e austera. Até 1536, não estão sujeitos a nenhuma Regra já aprovada e, até 1578, professam apenas o voto de castidade. A reconstituição das biografias dos eremitas, feita na segunda parte do trabalho, permite perceber melhor os percursos daqueles que integraram, ao longo deste período, as comunidades da pobre vida, evidenciando muitos dos aspectos estudados na primeira parte da dissertação.
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Lambert, Fabian [Verfasser], Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin, and Konstantin [Gutachter] Efetov. "Investigation of surface states in topological Weyl semi-metals and Weyl superconductors / Fabian Lambert ; Gutachter: Ilya Eremin, Konstantin Efetov ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189421887/34.

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34

Kandelaki, Ervand [Verfasser], Konstantin [Gutachter] Efetov, and Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin. "Transport in Josephson heterostructures and numerical applications of bosonization for fermionic systems / Ervand Kandelaki ; Gutachter: Konstantin Efetov, Ilya Eremin ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1226426573/34.

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35

Müller, Marvin Alexander [Verfasser], Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin, and Ralf [Gutachter] Drautz. "Theory of collective modes in unconventional superconductors with competing ground states / Marvin Alexander Müller ; Gutachter: Ilya Eremin, Ralf Drautz ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-83611.

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36

Ismer, Jan-Peter [Verfasser], Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin, and Dirk [Gutachter] Manske. "Coexistence of superconductivity and density waves in quasi-two-dimensional metals / Jan-Peter Ismer ; Gutachter: Ilya Eremin, Dirk Manske ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1223171779/34.

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37

Ahn, Felix Wolfgang [Verfasser], Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin, and Konstantin [Gutachter] Efetov. "Effect of spin-orbit coupling and multi-orbital effects in the iron-based superconductors / Felix Wolfgang Ahn ; Gutachter: Ilya Eremin, Konstantin Efetov ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150509988/34.

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38

Ahn, Felix [Verfasser], Ilya [Gutachter] Eremin, and Konstantin [Gutachter] Efetov. "Effect of spin-orbit coupling and multi-orbital effects in the iron-based superconductors / Felix Wolfgang Ahn ; Gutachter: Ilya Eremin, Konstantin Efetov ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150509988/34.

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39

Cortella, Elisabetta. "Il Palazzo della Ragione di Padova: definizione di un'architettura del potere." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422501.

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The research has set as its first objective to define critically the genesis of the palaces of power, as manifested in the architectural style of the age of Commons constructive fervor and expression of a new secular ideology. In the first part we wanted to restrict a specific area of ​​interest, limited to the municipalities of Northern Italy, during the period between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, in the identification of the collective aspects of the communal through a detailed analysis of the phenomenon related to urban planning and architecture of new cities. The search has come to define the main characteristics of the north Italian palace of power, as an expression of communal art, which is especially evocative in the most ancient classical tradition of palatium. Later study has specifically examined the monument symbol of communal power Padua: the Palace of Reason, said the "Hall", presenting a reconstruction of the building phases from the first domus communis, of which it is proposed a new location, until 'imposing building fourteenth century. In the second chapter will trace all existing and historical sources are compared with known archaeological remains and masonry structure survived and later incorporated in the building. It comes with a detailed reconstruction of the thirteenth century palace that in its original form is compared with the contemporary buildings in the northern Italian landscape, in order to understand similarities and originality. The third and final area of ​​inquiry examines the expansion of the Palazzo della Ragione in Padua by the Augustinian friar John of the Hermits in 1306, with particular attention paid to cover a hip performed as a large inverted keel of double-hulled ship, the expression an elaborate calculation of stability and security engineering, given the experience of a model probably already done and tested. During the research is outlined in a timely manner the origin and spread in the Veneto area of ​​the ceiling like the hull of the ship, finding in the first example of monumental than the Paduan. The analysis on woodworking techniques have allowed the architect to assume a link with a monastic hermit North European mid-thirteenth century, the affinity of the beam assembly and the general impact of the building. In addition, the sources support this claim by referring to the friar was a great traveler, like most of the new category of Extraction mainly monastic architects, who show their originality through a new cosmopolitan mobility
La ricerca si è posta come primo obiettivo quello di definire in modo critico la genesi dei palazzi del potere, quale tipologia architettonica manifestatasi nel fervore costruttivo dell’età dei Comuni ed espressione di una nuova ideologia laica. Nella prima parte si è voluto circoscrivere una precisa area d’interesse, limitata ai comuni del Nord Italia, nel periodo compreso tra il XII e il XIV secolo, per procedere all’identificazione degli aspetti collettivi dell’età comunale attraverso un’analisi dettagliata del fenomeno legato all’urbanistica e all’architettura delle nuove città. La ricerca è giunta a definire le principali caratteristiche del palazzo del potere nord italiano, come espressione di un’arte comunale, che trova suggestioni soprattutto nella più antica tradizione classica del palatium. Successivamente lo studio ha preso in esame nello specifico il monumento simbolo del potere comunale patavino: il Palazzo della Ragione, detto il “Salone”, presentandone una ricostruzione delle fasi edilizie dalla prima domus communis, di cui se ne propone una nuova localizzazione, fino all’imponente edificio trecentesco. Nel secondo capitolo si ripercorrono tutte le fonti storiche esistenti e si confrontano con le tracce archeologiche conosciute e gli assetti murari sopravvissuti ed inglobati nell’edificio successivo. Si giunge ad una ricostruzione puntuale del palazzo duecentesco che nella sua forma originale viene confrontato con gli edifici coevi presenti nel panorama nord italiano, per coglierne affinità ed originalità. La terza ed ultima area d’indagine analizza l’ampliamento del Palazzo della Ragione di Padova ad opera del frate agostiniano Giovanni degli Eremitani nel 1306, con una particolare attenzione rivolta alla copertura a padiglione eseguita come grande chiglia di nave capovolta a doppio scafo, espressione di un elaborato calcolo di stabilità e sicurezza ingegneristica, data dall’esperienza di un modello probabilmente già eseguito e collaudato. Nel corso della ricerca si delinea in modo puntuale l’origine e la diffusione in ambito Veneto del soffitto a carena di nave, trovando in quello padovano il primo esempio monumentale. Le analisi sulle tecniche di lavorazione del legno hanno permesso d’ipotizzare un collegamento dell’architetto eremitano con l’ambiente monastico nord europeo di metà XIII secolo, per l’affinità di assemblaggio delle travi e per il generale impatto dell’edificio. Inoltre le fonti supportano questa tesi riferendoci che il frate fu un grande viaggiatore, come la maggior parte di quella nuova categoria di architetti d’estrazione prevalentemente monastica, che manifestano la loro originalità attraverso una nuova mobilità cosmopolita
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40

Moura, Nayara Gurgel de. "Biologia populacional e reprodutiva e padrão de ocupação de conchas de gastrópodos por Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) na praia de Baixa Grande (Areia Branca/RN)." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/646.

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The purpose of this study was providing population biology and reproduction data and to determine the shell utilization pattern of Clibanarius antillensis at Baixa Grande Beach, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (4°57’22”S / 37°08’13”W), using the percentage of the different shell type that were occupied and the morphometric relationship between hermit crabs and occupied shells. Specimens were collected at two-months intervals from October 2012 to August 2013, using sampling effort of two collectors for 1 hour during spring low tides. The hermit crabs collected were identified and had their carapace shield length measured (mm). All occupied gastropod shells were identified and had their shell biometric parameters (aperture width, aperture length and internal volume) measured (mm). A total of 576 individuals ofClibanarius antillensis was obtained of which 191 were males (33.16%), 140 nonovigerous females (24.31%), 125 intersex (21.70%) and 120 ovigerous females (20.83%), using seven species of gastropods. Cerithium atratum and Stramonita haemastoma were the most occupied shells, with 69.97%, and 24.31%, respectively. The average size of male ranged from 1.43 to 9.64 mm of CEC (4.29 ± 1.56 mm); 1.6 to 6.88 mm for non ovigerous females (3.79 ± 1.18 mm); 1.42 to 8.38 mm for intersex (3.69 ± 1.36 mm) and 2.1 to 7.27 mm for ovigerous females (3.76 ± 1.09 mm). Sexual dimorphism was recorded by the larger average size attained by males in relation to females (ovigerous and non-ovigerous) and intersexes. The shells of C. atratum had higher frequency of occupation by smaller organisms, especially in the size class 3.00 -] 4.00mm, while Stramonita haemastoma housed larger organisms, predominantly in the size class 4,00--] 5.00mm. There were differences in the pattern of occupation by males, not ovigerous females, intersex and ovigerous females. Males were significantly higher than the other categories. The size difference strongly influenced the shell utilization pattern, principaly in S. haemastoma, which has the largest Shell volume, being preffered by males. The other categories have occupied most significantly shells of C. atratum due to small size and lower width of the apperture width and length of the shells. Annual size-frequency distirbutions were unimodal, with non-normal distribution. The overall sex ratio was 1: 1.36 (M: F) and did not differ significantly from the expected sex ratio of 1: 1. Ovigerous females were present in all year-round. The fecundity of the studied population was of 178.14, with an average number of eggs of 178.14 ± 85.61 ranging from 51 eggs (CEC = 3.21 xvi mm) to 325 eggs (CEC = 6.77 mm), being much smaller than that of subtropical popultions of this species. The regression analysis shows that the number of eggs increase linearly with the increase of crabs shield lenght and internal volume of shells. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the dimensions of hermit crabs and the utilized shells. In this study, occupation by C. antillensis varied as a function of shell morphometric charactistic, with intraspecific differences in occupation partterns also occuring at Baixa Grande Beach
O objetivo desse estudo foi fornecer dados populacionais e reprodutivos da espécie de caranguejo-eremita Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859, e definir sua preferência na ocupação de conchas de gastrópodos nos recifes de arenito, da praia de Baixa Grande, Areia Branca, Rio Grande do Norte (4°57’22”S / 37°08’13”W). As coletas foram realizadas a cada dois meses, de outubro de 2012 a agosto de 2013, utilizando esforço amostral de dois coletores por hora durante as marés baixas de sizígia. Os caranguejos-eremitas foram coletados manualmente e, em laboratório, as conchas dos moluscos e os exemplares de anomuros foram identificados e medidos. Um total de 576 indivíduos foram coletados, sendo 191 machos (33,16%), 140 fêmeas não ovígeras (24,31%), 125 intersexos (21,70%) e 120 fêmeas ovígeras (20,83%), ocupando 7 espécies de gastrópodos, sendo Cerithium atratum a mais ocupada (69,97%), seguida de Stramonita haemastoma (24,31%), Pisania pusio (1,22 %), Leucozonia nassa (3,47%), Tegula viridula (0,52%), Anachis obesa (0,35%) e Olivella minuta (0,17%). O tamanho médio dos indivíduos machos variou de 1,43 a 9,64 mm de CEC (média de 4,29 1,56 mm); de 1,6 a 6,88 mm de CEC para as fêmeas não ovígeras (3,79 1,18 mm); de 1,42 a 8,38 mm de CEC para os intersexos (3,69 1,36 mm) e de 2,1 a 7,27 mm de CEC para as fêmeas ovígeras (3,76 1,09 mm). A população apresentou dimorfismo sexual quanto ao tamanho, sendo os machos significativamente maiores do que demais categorias. Os machos ocorreram em 10 classes de tamanho, os intersexos em nove enquanto as fêmeas (ovígeras e não-ovígeras) ocorrem em apenas seis classes. Houve diferença também no padrão de ocupação de conchas. As conchas de S. haemastoma foram preferidas por machos, devido às maiores dimensões de comprimento e largura da abertura da concha, e espaço internodessas conchas. As demais categorias ocuparam mais significativamente conchas de C. atratum, devido ao seu tamanho reduzido e medidas da abertura de concha menores, promovendo maior proteção contra estresses ambientais e bióticos. As conchas de C. atratum tiveram maior frequência de ocupação por organismos menores, principalmente na classe de tamanho 3,00--]4,00 mm, enquanto S. haemastoma abrigou organismos maiores, com predominância na classe de tamanho 4,00--]5,00 mm. A distribuição da população nas classes de tamanho foi unimodal, com distribuição não normal (KS = 0,15; p <0,001), o que reflete um recrutamento contínuo ao longo do ano. A razão xiv sexual total foi de 1: 1,36 (M:F) e não diferiu significativamente da razão sexual esperada de 1:1. As fêmeas ovígeras estiveram presentes em todos os meses amostrados. O índice de fecundidade média foi de 178,14, com número médio de ovos de 178,14 85,61 variando de 51 ovos (CEC = 3,21 mm) a 325 ovos (CEC = 6,77 mm). Existe uma correlação positiva entre o tamanho do escudo cefalotorácico e do volume interno da concha com o número de ovos, sendo que a primeira é a que mais explica a variação na quantidade de ovos.Ao analisar as medidas do comprimento da abertura, largura da abertura e volume interno das conchas elas mostraram uma correlação positiva com o tamanho dos caranguejos-eremitas
2017-03-23
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41

Cattelan, Vittorio <1989&gt. "La cultura dell’Opera italiana a Costantinopoli nella prima fase delle Tanzimat: le canzoni e gli inni di Donizetti Paşa (1828-56); il Metastasio sacro di Giovanni Eremian (1831-39); Angelo Mariani al Teatro Naum di Pera (1848-51)." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17818.

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La tesi discute inizialmente la controversa figura di Giuseppe Donizetti Paşa (Bergamo 1788- Costantinopoli 1857) “fratello turco” del celebre operista Gaetano, invitato dal sultano Mahmud II nel 1828 a Costantinopoli per riformare la musica militare sul modello occidentale e insegnare nel Serail e nell’Harem. Giuseppe mosse incontro alla cultura turca raccogliendo trascrizioni di musica popolare e colta, compose liriche ed inni in ottomano a sostegno ideologico della politica di tolleranza religiosa delle Tanzimat, favorì d’altra parte la diffusione dell’opera italiana nel contesto multiculturale della ‘Stamboul’ di quegli anni. La vicenda trattata nel secondo capitolo riguarda appunto l’edizione degli oratori di Metastasio tradotti in turco con i caratteri armeni dal dragomanno del re di Danimarca Giovanni Eremian nel 1831 e 1839 che affonda le sue ragioni nella storia delle comunità armeno cristiane e dei loro rapporti con l’Islam fino all’apertura di un vero dialogo interreligioso sotto Abdülmegid (1839). Il terzo capitolo racconta del direttore ravennate Angelo Mariani a Costantinopoli dal 1848 al 1851 e attraverso lo studio incrociato di fonti inedite dimostra che egli poté sperimentarvi quella rivoluzionaria concezione del ruolo plenipotenziario del direttore d’orchestra con cui al suo ritorno in Italia cambiò il corso della storia dell’Opera. L’ultimo capitolo tratta dell’impiego di alfabeti alternativi all’arabo per la scrittura del turco-ottomano analizzando e confrontando in chiave sociolinguistica le trascrizioni latine della musica vocale di Donizetti e quelle armene delle traduzioni di Eremian preziose rappresentazioni della lingua turca volgare parlata nel secolo XIX da cui proviene quella moderna oggi corrente
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42

Murat, Zuleika. "Pittura e contesto. Guariento." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423040.

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The thesis, entitled “Pittura e contesto. Guariento”, is devoted to the Paduan painter Guariento di Arpo. Born around 1310, and dead before 1370, the painter is widely known because of the artworks he did for the Carraresi, and in particular the private chapel he painted inside their palace. Since he was an esteemed and much valued painter, his fame soon extended over the city boundaries, and he was involved in other important patrons' commissions. Indeed, the Rossi-Botsch wanted him to paint their funerary chapel inside the Dominican church of Bolzano, and later the Dogi called him in Venice to paint the funerary monument of Giovanni Dolfin, and the huge Coronation of the Virgin in the Sala del Maggior Consiglio in Palazzo Ducale. Guariento worked a lot in his native city as well; the Eremitani, in particular, commissioned him two chapels inside their church. Furthermore, Guariento painted several altarpieces, which are now mainly scattered and kept in Museums and private collections all over the world. Despite the fact that many ancient sources underlined the high quality and the innovative character of his paintings, modern scholars tend to underestimate his works. The fact that his most important works are partially or totally destroied, and the ambiguity of his style, has caused an evident misunderstanding of his paintings. Indeed, his models are yet to be identified properly, and the development of his style has been too strictly connected to other artistic schools, as if we were just a passive imitator. Through a new analisys of his paintings, of the sources, and of the historical context in which the painter lived and worked, this research rearranges Guariento's entire artistic development. The thesis consists in four chapters, which are followed by the usual devices, the historical documents and the catalogue of the paintings. The first chapter is devoted to the critical reception: the opinions that ancient and modern scholars gave of Guariento's works are analyzed within the wider historical and cultural context in which they were expressed. The second chapter is focused on the stylistic evolution, which is analyzed starting from the first paintings, reconnected to the context of the giottesque Paduan workshops, to the last ones. Particular attention is also paid to the decorative and material aspects of the paintings, that have been totally ignored by scholars untill now. The third chapter is devoted to patrons; the important frescoes commissioned by the Carraresi, the Rossi-Botsch, the Eremitani and the Dogi are the main subjects of this chapter. These fragmentary paintings are ideally recomposed in their original aspect, relocated in their sites, and analyzed in their inner meaning, that is often connected to the glorification and celebration of their patron. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to panel paintings. Here their functions, typologies and provenances are taken into account.
La tesi, dal titolo “Pittura e contesto. Guariento”, ha per oggetto la figura e l'opera del pittore padovano Guariento di Arpo. Nato attorno al 1310 e morto entro il 1370, l'artista è noto soprattutto per le sue imprese al servizio dei Carraresi, per i quali dipinse la cappella privata di palazzo e, secondo le testimonianze delle fonti, altre sale di rappresentanza all'interno della reggia, distrutte nel corso dei secoli successivi. Pittore stimato e richiesto all'epoca, la sua fama travalicò presto i confini cittadini, e venne infatti ingaggiato da altri committenti prestigiosi dapprima a Bolzano, dove lavorò per la ricca famiglia dei Rossi-Botsch, e poi a Venezia, dove in due diverse occasioni si aggiudicò importanti commissioni dogali. Nella stessa città natale fu attivo in numerose imprese, fra cui le principali, oltre alle carraresi, si individuano nella chiesa degli Eremitani, dove decorò la cappella maggiore e quella dedicata a Sant'Antonio abate. Infine, numerosi dipinti su tavola, per la maggior parte smembrati e conservati in musei e collezioni internazionali, lasciano immaginare una ricca produzione di pale d'altare, in competizione e su modello di quanto si andava contemporaneamente facendo a Venezia, oggi difficilmente stimabile per la scomparsa pressoché totale, e per gli invasivi rimaneggiamenti, dei dipinti stessi. La posizione innovatrice del pittore, pur ben rilevata dalle fonti antiche che lunghi elogi dedicarono alla sua opera, stenta ad essere riconosciuta dalla critica più recente, al punto che Guariento è spesso sottovalutato non solo per la distruzione parziale delle sue opere più importanti, che ne pregiudica l'apprezzamento, ma anche per l'ambivalenza del suo linguaggio, che spesso ha disorientato gli studiosi. Ancora in anni assai recenti, infatti, le radici stilistiche del maestro vengono confuse e male interpretate, così come il successivo evolversi del suo stile, troppo spesso letto in un rapporto di derivazione quasi passiva da modelli di scuole pittoriche diverse, fiorite negli stessi anni. Attraverso la rinnovata analisi dei dipinti, pertanto, delle fonti, e del contesto storico in cui Guariento operò, la ricerca che qui si presenta ricostruisce l'intera vicenda artistica del maestro, restituendo dignità ad un pittore che fu fra i massimi innovatori dell'arte padovana del Trecento. Il lavoro si articola in quattro capitoli, cui fanno seguito i canonici apparati, ovvero il regesto documentario e il catalogo delle opere. Il primo capitolo è dedicato alla fortuna critica; i giudizi espressi sull'opera del pittore vengono contestualizzati nel tessuto culturale in cui furono prodotti, e riletti alla luce delle conoscenze e correnti di pensiero coeve. Segue un capitolo dedicato all'analisi stilistica dell'intera opera del pittore, che viene riveduta a partire dalle fasi iniziali, contestualizzate nell'ambito delle botteghe giottesche padovane di inizio Trecento, fino agli sviluppi gotici più maturi e alla fase estrema, neogiottesca, dell'attività dell'artista; grande attenzione è riservata all'aspetto ornamentale e materico delle opere, finora totalmente trascurato dalla critica. Al fondamentale ambito della committenza è dedicato il terzo capitolo, che focalizza l'attenzione sugli importanti cicli finanziati dai Carraresi, dai Rossi-Botsch, dagli Eremitani e dai Dogi; i dipinti frammentari vengono idealmente ricomposti nella loro veste originaria e al contempo se ne indagano i significati encomiastici e celebrativi. L'ultimo capitolo è invece riservato all'analisi della produzione su tavola, e nello specifico alle funzioni, tipologie e provenienze di tali dipinti, oggi per la maggior parte smembrati. Attraverso lo studio diretto delle porzioni superstiti, lo spoglio delle fonti, e la comparazione con esempi meglio documentati e integri, si propongono nuove ipotesi ricostruttive.
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Pouvreau, Florent. "Du poil et de la bête : iconographie du corps sauvage à la fin du Moyen Age (XIIIe - XVe siècle)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056524.

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La fin du Moyen Âge est le théâtre de l'apparition et de la diffusion d'images singulières : celles d'hommes et de femmes intégralement couverts de poils. Attribut de l'homme sauvage, mais également de personnages ensauvagés et notamment d'ermites et de saints, le corps velu fait figure de véritable motif iconographique aux deux derniers siècles du Moyen Âge. Cette thèse, s'appuyant sur la méthode de l'analyse sérielle et s'inscrivant dans les problématiques de l'anthropologie historique, propose l'étude du motif à travers un corpus de 940 images. Il s'agit de comprendre à travers une collection représentative de sources (tendant à l'exhaustivité), comment le corps velu, à priori laid et bestial, est associé à la fin de la période à un ensemble de personnages tout à fait positifs, voire admirables. Une première partie, organisée autour du rapport entre texte et image, cherche à définir clairement les rapports entre l'iconographie du motif et les représentations littéraires et carnavalesques de l'homme sauvage. La question des emprunts mutuels entre la culture courtoise et la culture dite " folklorique " sous-tend ce premier temps de l'analyse. Y sont également abordées les pratiques médiévales de la pilosité et la place occupée par le poil et la nudité dans l'art de cette période. Dans une seconde partie sont étudiés les éléments constitutifs de " l'être sauvage ". La relation entre le corps velu, le bestial et le démoniaque est abordée à travers l'iconographie d'Ésaü, de Merlin et d'Ursus, le roi mythique des Belges. La réflexion sur le rapport entre l'homme, la bête et l'espace sauvage est ensuite déplacée dans le champ des représentations de l'Orient, et dans celui de l'érotique courtoise faisant du sauvage une antithèse du chevalier. En dernier lieu, la troisième partie s'intéresse à la conception dynamique de la sauvagerie à travers le concept " d'ensauvagement ". L'analyse de la villosité comme conséquence du recours à la forêt permet de comparer l'iconographie de l'homme sauvage et celle des ermites et des pénitentes velus. L'excès de poil, davantage qu'un attribut bestial et dégradant, y apparaît alors très largement comme une manifestation du merveilleux ou du miraculeux. Parce qu'il n'altère pas le corps humain, il fait tour à tour figure de défaut d'humanité (laideur, animalité) ou de surplus héroïque (force, détachement du corps ou résistance à la souffrance). En conclusion, ce travail met en valeur le rôle de l'aristocratie dans la promotion de la figure de l'homme sauvage, qui constitue un moyen pour cette dernière d'affirmer son contrôle symbolique sur l'espace forestier. Le succès du personnage, également porté par le renouveau de l'érémitisme, entretien un rapport étroit avec celui d'autres figures comme les ermites velus, emblématiques du recours à la forêt et du renoncement au monde. Ces derniers trouvent une traduction iconographique particulière à travers les images de Marie-Madeleine, dont la diffusion dans l'espace germanique s'explique en partie par l'influence de la mystique rhénane.
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44

Dickson, Emil. "Tuppens och Förmiddagens filosofer : Thoreau och Nietzsche och uppvaknandets filosofi." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1722.

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Abstract

This paper is about the philosophies created by Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). The purpose is to show the high degree of similarities between Thoreau’s and Nietzsche’s philosphy.

At first glance, it seems far-fetched to suggest an affinity between them; the differences in style and choice of subjects, have most certainly contributed to the fact that very few comparisons so far have been made. There is no evidence that one experienced any influence over the other, neither writer seems to have been aware of the other. Also their different areas of use during the 20th century, may have influenced the almost total lack of search for affinity. Thoreau’s philosphy has often been used by environmentalist movements, while Nietzsche has been connected to a wide range of various strivings, such as totalitarian regimes, individualistic artists and post-modern thinkers.

But if one disregard these facts, look beyond the differences, and break down their texts in search for their most fundamental opinions, one will see that Nietzsche and Thoreau shared a number of concerns. They were both ciritical to many aspects of the modern civilisation, espacially the way of life it encouraged. It was a life style, deep rooted in an obstructive tradition, that did not take the very essential conditions of life into consideration. This was both Thoreau’s and Nietzsche’s opinion, and their philosophies represent a willingness to re-establish a way of life that ignores all traditions hostile to life.

Both of them criticize the religion and its moral of work, the modern science, and many institutions of the modern society – the schools and the prisons for example. But they also praise things, things they claim to have a value in contrast to the modern way of life – the simple things. Both Thoreau and Nietzsche praise the solitude life style, the silent walking in the wilderness, the simple but healthy food, as well as some intellectual stimulus, especially good litterature and music. All these simple things contribute to Thoreau’s and Nietzsche’s opinion of life; it should be looked upon with the eyes of a child. Life should be like a play.

The title of this paper is Philosphers of the Rooster and the Morning. The title suggests the similarities I have found between Thoreau’s and Nietzsche’s philosophies. They both announce an awakening. For them, a new morning has broken, and this paper shows the similar circumstances they give credit for their awakening.

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Gallois, Martine. "Étude sur "Lion de Bourges", poème épique du XIVe siècle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20027/document.

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L’étude du long poème épique de Lion de Bourges permet de mettre en évidence un parcours individuel modelé par la recherche d’un ordre politique et féodal, au sein duquel le héros tente d’inscrire son action, celle d’un ordre familial, au travers du lignage et de la parentèle, et celle d’un ordre personnel, à la fois recherche des origines et du père, qui devient une quête d’identité. L'idéal chevaleresque s’inscrit donc dans trois perspectives complémentaires. C’est d’abord face à l’instabilité des structures et du pouvoir royal, l’aspiration au rétablissement d’un ordre politique, mais l’inachèvement des actions entreprises et la constante réapparition du mal font que cette quête de l’ordre reste imparfaite. C’est ensuite l’effort pour la restauration d’un ordre familial mis à mal par les entreprises des traîtres et les aléas de l’aventure, mais là encore l’engagement et les efforts du héros ne permettent d’obtenir que des résultats imparfaits ou insatisfaisants. C’est donc à un niveau supérieur, dans la quête d’un ordre intérieur et dans un élan vers la perfection que l’itinéraire personnel de Lion de Bourges peut trouver son véritable sens. Cependant, son ultime tentative pour s’approcher du sacré ne conduit qu’à un échec : le contact avec le surnaturel chrétien est réservé au personnage du Blanc Chevalier, revenant secourable, et le héros doit se contenter d’une forme intermédiaire de merveilleux féerique. En définitive, ce poème témoigne, de manière originale et fort cohérente, de la vision pessimiste de l’idéal humain et de l’engagement héroïque, qui devient prédominante dans l’épopée française tardive
The long epic poem Lion de Bourges portrays the personal quest of a hero, first, to set in order a feudal political structure; then his own family structure (through ancestry and parentage); and finally, his personal life; for seeking his origins and father becomes a search for his own identity. The chivalric ideal therefore is seen through three complementary perspectives. Initially, when faced with the instability of social structures and royal power, Lion seeks to re-establish political order, but both Lion’s inability to complete his goals and the constant reappearance of evil cause this quest to remain incomplete. Afterwards, Lion’s effort to bring his family back together is derailed by traitors’ plots and the fortunes of adventure, so there again the hero’s efforts produce only imperfect or unsatisfactory results. It is thus only at the highest level, the quest for personal order, for spiritual perfection, that the private itinerary of Lion de Bourges might find its true goal. However, his last desire, to reach sanctity, leads to failure as well: contact with the Christian supernatural is reserved for the White Knight, a helpful spirit, and the hero must content himself with a lesser form of supernatural, the enchanted marvelous world. Clearly, this poem demonstrates, in an original and highly consistent way, the pessimistic view of the human ideal and of heroic engagement that predominates in late French epic
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Strapazzon, Guglielmo. "Nuove tecnologie a supporto della ricerca archeologica: applicazioni e sviluppi possibili su sistemi complessi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424525.

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INTRODUCTION. In the last two decades ground-based geophysical techniques have gained a prominent role in archaeological research projects thanks to ability to localize underground structures or geological body by measuring the variation, or anomalies, of physical properties existing between them and the hosting materials. When applied in archaeology geophysical surveys can reveal the location of buried archeological features and lead to their identification. However, the effectiveness of geophysical techniques applied in archeology is closely linked to the nature and the level of complexity of the buried deposit. If these techniques are used in sites characterized by multi-layered or strongly altered deposits, the survey results may be impaired, severely limiting their contribution to the historical and archaeological reconstruction of the investigated site. AIM OF THE STUDY. This research project has set two main objectives: i) to evaluate the potential of geophysical prospecting in extracting information in deeply stratified archaeological sites and ii) to test their effectiveness in a contemporary urban setting. MATHERIAL AND METHODS. The main geophysical technique applied was the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The surveys were carried out using different systems (SIR 3000 GSSI and RIS Hi-Mod IDS) with antennas at different frequencies (from 200 MHz to 900 MHz). GPR data sets have been collected along closely spaced parallel profiles (0.25 to 0.125 m). Data were analyzed using different display methods: radargrams, amplitude depth-slices and three-dimensional models of isosurfaces. GPR data have been merged with historical and archaeological data (vector map of archaeological survey, Digital terrain Models - DTM, historical documents and historical maps) in a Geographic Information System (GIS) with ArcGIS software. ArcGIS is able to import the results of GPR surveys in raster format (amplitude depth-slices) and as three-dimensional models in Multipatch format. Data can be associated with attribute tables and the ArcScene module allows to display them three-dimensionally. Four sites in the historical center of Padua were studied integrating into a GIS the results of GPR surveys with historical and archeological data, two inside religious buildings (the Cathedral and the Church of the Eremitani) and two open areas who insisted on the structures of the ancient palace of the Carraresi. The other case study, focused on the integration of stratigraphic data obtained from archaeological excavations, with those of the geophysical surveys, was carried out in the Roman city of Aquileia (UD). RESULTS. The integration of the GPR survey of the Cathedral with the available historical maps allowed to recognize the position of a group of tombs that belonged to the previous Romanesque cathedral. It was possible to assume the position of the aisles of transept and of the crypt of the old building. The analysis of the isosurfaces model allowed to hypothesize the presence of a vaulted roof in burials identified below the existing pavement of the Eremitani Church. Moreover, the integration of data about burial distribution in the GIS was consistent with the possible presence in the church of a rood screen demolished in the sixteenth century. In both cases, the two GPR surveys revealed a reduced signal penetration (1-1.2m) and did not allow to identify the remains of walls linked to previous structures. The investigations carried out at the square in front of the Cathedral allowed to relate a series of walls with a complex of buildings dating from XI to XVIII century, when GPR data were compared with historical and archeological data in a GIS. The surveys performed in the palace of the Carraresi showed the presence (and state of preservation) of some portions of the XIV century complex. The same survey identified some previous structures, perhaps dating back to the Roman period. Finally, it was developed a rapid and effective approach for ground-truthing geophysical survey anomalies in the survey done in the Roman city of Aquileia. Moreover, the developed approach could assess the level of resolution of GPR survey by comparing the three-dimensional models of isosurfaces with a DTM from the excavation site obtained with the Structure from Motion technique - SFM.
INTRODUZIONE. Le tecniche di indagine geofisica hanno acquisito un ruolo sempre più rilevante all’interno dei progetti di ricerca archeologica negli corso degli ultimi due decenni, grazie alla loro capacità di individuare la presenza di strutture sepolte misurando le variazioni, o anomalie, delle proprietà fisiche esistenti tra loro e i materiali ospitanti. Esse possono rivelare non solo la posizione di resti archeologici, ma anche portare alla loro identificazione. L’efficacia delle tecniche geofisiche applicate in ambito archeologico è, tuttavia, strettamente legata alla natura e al livello di complessità del deposito sepolto. Se queste tecniche vengono, infatti, impiegate in contesti caratterizzati da depositi pluristratificati o fortemente alterati, i risultati delle indagini possono risultare di difficile lettura, limitando fortemente il loro contributo alla ricostruzione storico-archeologica del sito indagato. OBIETTIVO DELLO STUDIO. Questo progetto di ricerca si è posto due obiettivi principali: i) valutare le potenzialità delle prospezioni geofisiche nell’estrarre informazioni su siti archeologici profondamente stratificati e ii) testare la loro efficacia in un contesto urbano contemporaneo. MATERIALI E METODI. La principale tecnica geofisica applicata è stato il Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Le indagini sono state realizzate impiegando diversi sistemi (SIR 3000 della GSSI e RIS Hi-Mod dell’IDS) dotati di antenne a frequenze diverse (da 200MHz a 900 MHz) seguendo uno schema di acquisizione a profili paralleli con spaziature tra i profili comprese tra 0.125 e 0.25 m. Sono stati analizzati i dati raccolti utilizzando diversi metodi di visualizzazione: radargrammi, amplitude depth-slices e modelli tridimensionali delle isosuperfici. Questi sono stati inseriti assieme ai dati storico-archeologici a corredo (rilievi vettoriali e DTM-digital terrain model di scavo, documenti storici, cartografia storica) in un Geographical Information System (GIS) con software ArcGIS. ArcGIS è in grado di importare i risultati delle indagini georadar sia in formato raster (amplitude depth-slices) che come modelli tridimensionali in formato Mulipatch. A questi possono essere associate tabelle degli attributi e possono essere visualizzati tridimensionalmente con il modulo ArcScene. Sono stati studiati quattro siti nel centro storico di Padova integrando in ambiente GIS i risultati delle indagini georadar con i dati storico-archeologichi a corredo. Due siti erano all’interno di edifici di culto (il Duomo e la chiesa degli Eremitani) e due in spazi aperti caratterizzati da differenti tipi di sistemazione pavimentale (lastricato, prato, cortile con ghiaia), sui quali insistevano le strutture dell’antica Reggia dei Carraresi. L'altro caso di studio, focalizzato sull'integrazione dei dati stratigrafici ottenuti dagli scavi archeologici con le indagini geofisiche, è stato eseguito nella città romana di Aquileia (UD). RISULTATI. Le indagini nel Duomo hanno consentito, grazie all’inserimento nella piattaforma GIS del dato georadar e della cartografia storica disponibile, di riconoscere la posizione di un gruppo di sepolture che risultavano appartenere al precedente Duomo romanico e, quindi, di ipotizzare la posizione delle navate del transetto e della cripta dell’antico edificio rispetto a quello attuale. L’analisi delle isosuperfici del segnale riflesso GPR nella chiesa degli Eremitani ha permesso, invece, di ipotizzare una copertura a volta nelle sepolture individuate al di sotto della pavimentazione attuale e di analizzarne, all’interno del GIS, la loro distribuzione in relazione alla possibile presenza di un “pontile-tramezzo” demolito nel corso del XVI secolo. In entrambi i due casi le indagini georadar hanno rivelato una ridotta penetrazione del segnale (1-1.2m) e non hanno consentito di individuare chiaramente la presenza di resti di strutture murarie legate a strutture precedenti. Le indagini realizzate presso la piazza antistante al Duomo hanno permesso, grazie all’integrazione in ambiente GIS dei risultati GPR e delle informazioni storico-archeologiche a corredo, di mettere in relazione una serie di strutture murarie con un complesso di edifici preesistenti databili all’XI e XVIII secolo . Quelle eseguite nell’area della Reggia dei Carraresi hanno reso possibile documentare la presenza e lo stato di conservazione di alcune porzioni del complesso trecentesco e di inidviduare alcune strutture precedenti, forse riferibili all’epoca romana. Le analisi eseguite, infine, nella città romana di Aquileia hanno permesso di elaborare un approccio rapido ed efficace non solo per il ground-truthing delle anomalie geofisiche, ma anche per valutare il livello di risoluzione dell’indagine GPR tramite il confrontro tra i modelli tridimensionali delle isosuperfici con i DTM di scavo ottenuti con la tecnica Structure from Motion (SfM). CONCLUSIONI. L’approccio e le indagini condotte nei diversi casi di studio presi in esame hanno permesso di verificare la validità dei protocolli per l’acquisizione e per l’interpretazione dei dati adottati nel corso del progetto di ricerca. Sebbene la tecnica georadar permetta di restituire dei modelli ad alta risoluzione del deposito sepolto in contesti archeologici pluristratificati, questo permette solo in parte la loro comprensione dal punto di vista storico-archeologico. L’integrazione in un ambiente GIS dei risultati delle prospezioni georadar con le informazioni a corredo di volta in volta disponibili, si è rivelato un passaggio indispensabile in tutti i casi di studio considerati per formulare ipotesi interpretative dei dati indiretti utili alla comprensione storico-archeologica dei contesti indagati.
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Kempster, John Hugh. "Richard Rolle, Emendatio vitae: Amendinge of Lyf, a Middle English translation, edited from Dublin, Trinity College, MS 432." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2578.

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Emendatio vitae was the most widely copied of all Richard Rolle’s writings in fourteenth and fifteenth-century England, and yet in modern scholarship this important work and its early audience have received comparatively little scholarly attention. My aim has been to address this lacuna by producing an edition of one of the seven Middle English translations of the text - Amendinge of Lyf - with notes and glossary. In an introductory study I adopt a dual focus: Rolle’s intended audience, and the actual early readers of this particular Middle English translation. Firstly, I conclude that Rolle may have intended Emendatio vitae as a work of ‘pastoralia’, for secular priests, and therefore with a wider audience of the laity also in mind. This being the case, it demonstrates that the adaptation of traditionally eremitic contemplative writings for a general audience, so widespread in the fifteenth-century, was already stirring in Rolle’s day. Secondly, I look in detail at a specific crosssection of Rolle’s early readership: a translator, several scribes and correctors, and other early readers and owners. The striking thing about this segment of the text’s reception is its breadth, including a priest, a number of prominent lay women and men, and by the end of the fifteenth-century also Dominican and Benedictine nuns.
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48

Manicki, Anthony. "La pulsion et la répression. Les enjeux de la problématisation du désir sexuel dans le christianisme antique (IIIe-Ve siècles)." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060996.

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Ce travail de recherche est une généalogie de la notion de " désir sexuel " telle qu'elle fut conçue dans le christianisme antique du IIIe au Ve siècle. À partir de la distinction entre deux anthropologies concurrentes, nous cherchons à reconstituer les modalités selon lesquelles ce désir a été pensé comme une pulsion irrésistible. Nous nous inscrivons donc dans la tradition des études de genre puisque nous posons la question de savoir s'il existe, au fondement des catégorisations sociales et des modes de légitimation du pouvoir, une forme de naturalité irréductible. Notre objectif est de mettre en évidence, d'une part, en quoi l'idée de désir naturel est une forme de problématisation contingente du désir sexuel et, d'autre, part, les conséquences de cette façon de penser. Entre le IIIe et le Ve siècle, les auteurs chrétiens s'opposent en ce qui concerne la question des capacités humaines. Pour les " perfectionnistes ", l'homme est capable d'accéder par ses propres forces à la perfection. Par conséquent, le " monde " est pensé par eux comme un ensemble de liens qui entravent l'itinéraire spirituel du sujet. La solitude du " désert " apparaît alors dans ce cadre problématique comme un moyen d'accéder à la liberté. Au contraire, pour les " défaillantistes ", l'homme est par nature infirme, si bien que la perfection est conçue non plus comme ce à quoi il peut lui-même accéder, mais comme un don de Dieu. En soulignant que l'homme n'est pas le maître dans sa propre maison puisqu'il ne peut maîtriser sa libido, Augustin montre que sa libération n'est envisageable qu'au prix de sa soumission à des institutions coercitives ayant pour fonction de compenser sa faiblesse. Proposant une forme originale de problématisation de la nature humaine en naturalisant la pulsion sexuelle, le défaillantisme chrétien permet donc de justifier la soumission des hommes. En faisant la généalogie du désir sexuel, ce travail s'emploie à montrer que la liberté ne requiert pas seulement une critique de l'idée de répression, mais une remise en cause plus fondamentale du modèle naturaliste de la pulsion.
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49

Turek, Magdalena Maria. ""In this body and life"." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16694.

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Tantrische Praktiken von Meditation in Zurückgezogenheit sind auf der tibetischen Hochebene seit mindestens einem Jahrtausend verbreitet, doch ihre äußerst elitäre und geheime Natur hat ihre Erforschung bisher verhindert. Diese Dissertation definiert die vormoderne Struktur der eremitischen Tradition in Khams, die von der Ris med-Bewegung festgelegt wurde, und widmet sich der Wiederbelebung dieser Tradition im modernen Khams unter der chinesisch-kommunistischen Herrschaft. Die Fallstudie bildet die ’Ba’ rom bKa’ brgyud- "Meditationsschule von La phyi" (La phyi sgom grwa) mit Fokus auf den gTum mo-Verwirklicher Tshul khrims mthar phyin (geb. 1947), der als zeitgenössische Verkörperung des Mi la ras pa gilt. Gemäß der Dissertation liegt die rituelle und soziale Macht des tibetischen Eremiten in der Ausführung, Verkörperung und Aussöhnung von Paradoxa: das Erreichen von soteriologischen Zielen im weltlichen Leben sowie die Lösung der Dilemmas der Tibeter in Krisenzeiten. So wird Entsagung zu einer affirmativen Strategie, die Netzwerke aktiviert, die wiederum Eremiten, ihre Linien, Praktiken und Trainingsstätten seit Jahrhunderten unterstützten. Der Antrieb für soziale Ermächtigung der Einsiedler liegt in der Radikalität ihrer Entsagung, bei der nicht nur erwartet wird, Befreiung und Erleuchtung unvermeidlich zu generieren, sondern diese wie Mi la ras pa "in diesem Leib und Leben" zu verwirklichen. Eine solche wahrgenommene Transformation des Körpers durch Meditation ist entscheidend für die Befähigung der Eremiten, Widersprüche zu versöhnen und Einsiedeleien zu gründen, die als Orte für eine effektive Identitätskonstruktion und Sphären der Autonomie und Macht, die aus der lokale Geschichte und heilige Stätten gewonnen werden, dienen. Gerade in Krisenzeiten neigen Einsiedeleien dazu, Netzwerke zu bilden und zu einer alternativen Bewegung zu werden, die die etablierten Machtstrukturen umgeht oder gegen sie spricht, zugleich aber ihren religiösen Charakter behält.
Tantric practices of meditation in retreat have been prevalent across the Tibetan Plateau since at least a millennium, yet their highly elitist and clandestine nature has hitherto prevented their exploration and analysis. This thesis defines the pre-modern structure of the hermitic tradition in Khams, codified by the nonsectarian Ris med movement, but devotes most attention to the examination of its revival in contemporary Khams under the Chinese communist rule through the case study of the ’Ba’ rom bKa’ brgyud “meditation school of La phyi” (La phyi sgom grwa), centered around the cotton-clad gtum mo-accomplisher Tshul khrims mthar phyin (b. 1947), eulogized as the contemporary embodiment of Mi la ras pa. The main claim of this dissertation is that the ritual and social power of the Tibetan hermit lies in the performance, embodiment and final reconciliation of paradox – generally attaining soteriological goals in mundane life and specifically, resolving the dilemmas of Tibetans during times of perceived crisis. Acts of renunciation become an affirmative strategy, activating networks that have sustained hermits, their lineages, practices, and training venues for centuries. The reason for social empowerment of hermits lies in the radical nature of their training, which by social agreement is not only bound to generate liberation and enlightenment, but is even able to yield fruit “in this very body and life,” in emulation of Mi la ras pa. Such transformation of the body through meditation is crucial to the hermit’s ability to reconcile contradictions and to establish hermitages as venues for effective identity construction and spheres of autonomy and power, extracted from local history and sacred geography. Especially in times of crisis, hermitages tend to form networks and evolve into a movement for counter-culture, which circumvents or speaks against the established power structures of the day, but at the same time, maintains its essentially religious character.
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50

Liu, Nan. "L'idéal extra-mondain et la valeur des montagnes-eaux : sur l'invention de shanshui et le naturalisme dans les milieux lettrés en Chine des Wei-Jin (220-420)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH018.

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Considéré généralement comme objet de l’art, sujet de la littérature et catégorie de l’esthétique chinoise, shanshui, les « montagnes-eaux », est censé relever d’un sentiment et d’une conception de la nature relativement différente de celle de l’Occident. Or la construction moderne de shanshui au prisme de la nature n’intègre la multiple pratique paysagère historiquement fondée dans la tradition lettrée, inextricablement liée à l’invention des montagnes-eaux : l’érémitisme, la recherche d’immortalité, l’excursion, la réunion littéraire lettrée, la création poétique, picturale et du jardin. Centrée sur l’histoire tri-séculaire après la chute de la Dynastie Han, en exposant les conjonctures particulières, analysant la notion ‘ziran’ dans l’étude du Mystère, rassemblant et traduisant les écrits et poèmes thématiques qui témoignent des mouvements et tendances extra-mondains dans les milieux lettrés sous les Wei-Jin (220-420), cette thèse vise à montrer que shanshui, plutôt que d’être constitué par la dualité nature/art, est inventé comme un paradigme confrontant, dans une bipolarisation de la réalité lettrée à cette époque, l’espace confucéen et l’espace taoïste, le service et la retraite, les affaires mondaines et la recherche de l’idéal par-delà la société. Autour de shanshui se cristallisent les idées-valeurs comme l’authenticité, la dévotion, la vertu, la liberté, le naturalisme, le mysticisme, la créativité et la transcendance immanente, en cela, nous supposons la co-naissance des montagnes-eaux et d’un idéal-type de l’humanisme classique chinois
Generally regarded as the object of art, the subject of literature and Chinese aesthetic category, Shanshui (mountains-waters) is believed to be relevant to aesthetical feelings as well as the philosophical concept of nature that is different from that of the West. However, the modern construction of Shanshui through the prism of nature does not integrate the multiple landscape practices historically founded in the gentry's tradition, which had contributed to the invention of mountains-waters: eremitism, immortality seeking, excursion, gathering of literary circles, and the creation of poetry, paintings and gardens. Focusing on the history of Wei-Jin (220-420) after the fall of the Han dynasty, exposing the particular contexts, analyzing the notion of 'Ziran' in the Xuanxue school, gathering and translating the writings and thematic poems showing the extra-mundane movements and tendencies in literate milieus under this time, this thesis aims to show that Shanshui, rather than being constituted by the duality of nature and art, has been invented as a cultural paradigm to confront, in a bipolarization of the reality of ruling gentry class, the Confucian space and the Taoist space, service and disengagement, mundane concerns and pursuit of the Ideal beyond society. Around Shanshui the ideas and values such as authenticity, deep affection, virtue, liberty, naturalism, mysticism, creativity and immanent transcendence are crystallized, in this way, we may assume the co-birth of mountains-waters and an ideal type of Chinese classical humanism
山水研究以往側重于詩歌,繪畫與哲學分析,并普遍將山水視為自然再現,自然情感與某種不同於西方自然觀的審美表達。然而,“相對不同”的判定卻是建立在自然/文化兩分的現代二元范式的“普世應用”上的。因為僅僅強調山水源於“發現自然”並不能整合與山水緊密相關且貫穿於士傳統中的文化實踐:如隱逸,遊仙,遊覽,雅集,以及對世外理想之境的不懈書寫,描畫與營造。本論文考察了魏晉時期(220-420)的社會,政治與文化背景:名教自然的對立,隱逸遊仙的結合,魏晉風度,衣冠南渡,僑立,宗教興起,道釋義理在文化士族內部經由玄學促生的思想轉向等;通過分析魏晉玄學中的自然概念,整理翻譯相關的歷史文本與詩歌,試圖說明,與其說山水是自然/藝術的二元構建,毋寧說山水是士階層在仕與隱,經世與玄遠,世表與塵外的現實兩極化中所創建的一種文化範式。圍繞山水,凝聚了一系列具有重要文化特徵的理念与價值——保真,養身,自足,逍遙,自然主義,暢神玄覽,內在超越與審美理想。這意味著與山水共生的是一種中國古典人文主義的理想型。
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