Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ergodicité'
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Suciu, Laurian. "Structures, ergodicité et applications des A-contractions." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10212.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of bounded linear operators T on a Hilbert space H satisfying the inequality T*AT ≤ A, with respect to a positive operator A. Such a T is called an A-contraction. In order to study the ergodic behavior of an A-contraction we introduce the concepts of ergodic, abelian ergodic, and (quasi-) uniform ergodic. We also consider the maximum invariant (reducing) subspace for A and T on which T*AT=A and we obtain Nagy-Foias and Wold type decompositions of H (in the regular case) and some ergodic type decompositions. We give some applications concerning strongly continuous semigroups of operators, hyponormal contractions (quasinormal), contractions with the asymptotic limit an orthogonal projection and quasi-isometries
Boussama, Farid. "Ergodicité, mélange et estimation dans les modèles GARCH." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077020.
Full textVarvenne, Maylis. "Ergodicité des équations différentielles stochastiques fractionnaires et problèmes liés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30046.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on three problems related to the ergodicity of stochastic dynamics with memory (in a discrete-time or continuous-time setting) and especially of Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) driven by fractional Brownian motion. In the first chapter, we study the long-time behavior of a general class of discrete-time stochastic dynamics driven by an ergodic and stationary Gaussian noise. Following the seminal paper written by Hairer (2005) on the ergodicity of fractional SDE (see also Fontbona-Panloup (2017) and Deya-Panloup-Tindel (2019)), we first build a Markovian structure above the dynamics, we show existence and uniqueness of the invariant distribution and then we exhibit some upper-bounds on the rate of convergence to equilibrium in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the covariance function of the Gaussian noise (or more precisely, of the asymptotic behavior of the coefficients appearing in its moving average representation). The second chapter establishes long-time concentration inequalities both for functionals of the whole solution on an interval [0,T] of an additive fractional SDE and for functionals of discrete-time observations of this process. Then, we apply this general result to specific functionals related to discrete and continuous-time occupation measures of the process. The last chapter, which uses the results developed in Chapter 2, is a joint work with Panloup and Tindel which focuses on the parametric estimation of the (non-linear) drift term in an additive fractional SDE. We use a minimum contrast estimation based on the identification of the invariant distribution (for which we build an approximation from discrete-time observations of the SDE). We provide consistency results as well as non-asymptotic estimates of the corresponding quadratic error. Some of our results are illustrating through numerical discussions. We also give some examples for which the identifiability condition related to our estimation procedure (intrinsically linked to the invariant distribution) is fulfilled
Senneret, Marc. "Chaos et ergodicité pour une famille de modèles de neurones." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077078.
Full textThis thesis present a mathematical analysis of models of neuronal activity. In a first part, we present the main results concerning the biology of neurons. We analyse two of the most used models of neuron, the Hodgkin-Huxley model and the FitzHugh-Nagumo model. . By a Poincaré section method, we make a simplier model, piece-wise linear, which keep the main features of excitability. We then study numericaly and analyticaly the dynamic of two coupled neurons, modeled by the precedent one. The second part is dedicated to the rigourous demonstration of the existence of invariant measures of SRB type for piece-wise affine maps of Rn, like our latter model. We use for this a method based on Frobenus-Perron operator and the inegality of Lasota-Yorke ; These results give the rigourous fondations for the results of the first part
Franchi, Guillaume. "Modélisation dynamique de données d’abondance en écologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information, 2024. https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=179081.
Full textIn this manuscript, we focus on the modeling of the dynamic of abundance time series in ecology, especially relative abundance processes and absence-presence processes. To do so, we develop in this dissertation general construction methods of stationary and ergodic processes valued in a compact space, such as the simplex and {0,1}^k, k ∈N^*. A particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the parameters of these models.Statistical inference of these parameters is challenging due to the non-linearity of such multivariate models, and the non-convexity of the log-likelihood. We introduce pseudo-likelihood or composite-likelihood methods that are sufficiently accurate and easily optimisable. Consistency results are also provided in the panel data framework, based on ergodic theorems for multi-index processes.We finally present a specific modeling for relative abundance data in a HMM framework, where the parameters estimation is performed through an expectation-maximization strategy, which requires the construction of particle filters
LOUIS, Pierre-Yves. "Automates Cellulaires Probabilistes : mesures stationnaires, mesures de Gibbs associées et ergodicité." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002203.
Full textLe, Masson Etienne. "Ergodicité et fonctions propres du laplacien sur les grands graphes réguliers." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866843.
Full textMarco, Jonathan. "Systèmes dynamiques en mesure infinie : ergodicité de cocycles : application au billard." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S212.
Full textSkew-products obtained as extensions of dynamical systems by cocycles appear naturally in the study of billiards in the plane with periodically distributed obstacles. We present three aspects of the study of skew-products. The first part deals with specific examples. First, following W. Veech, M. Guenais and F. Parreau, we study a cohomological functional equation related to the ergodicity of the billiard transformation in the torus with a barrier. The second example is the extension of bounded partial quotients rotations. Especially we give in connection with a paper of G. Greschonig an example of an ergodic skew-product whose cocycle takes values in a nilpotent group. In a second part, we discuss billiards with rectangular obstacles. We present the corresponding quotient billiard transformation in the torus, recalling the link with translation surfaces, interval exchange transformations, and results on unique ergodicity. Then we discuss the special case of a cylinder with periodic obstacles consisiting of segments, for which one can show recurrence in some cases. The billiard flow in the plane with rectangualr obstacles is also considered for certain directions. In a third independent part, we present a general theorem on the ergodic decomposition for skew-products, generalizing the case of a single transformation to the action of a countable group
Louis, Pierre-Yves. "Automates cellulaires probabilistes : mesures stationnaires, mesures de Gibbs associées et ergodicité." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-12-5-6.pdf.
Full textObata, Davi dos Anjos. "Ergodicité stable et mesures physiques pour des systèmes dynamiques faiblement hyperboliques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS488/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the following topics:-stable ergodicity for conservative systems;-genericity of the existence of positive exponents for some skew products with two dimensional fibers;-rigidity of $u$-Gibbs measure for certain partially hyperbolic systems;-robust transitivity.We give a proof of stable ergodicity for a certain partially hyperbolic system without using accessibility. This system was introduced by Pierre Berger and Pablo Carrasco, and it has the following properties: it has a two dimensional center direction; it is non-uniformly hyperbolic having both a positive and a negative exponent along the center for almost every point, and the Oseledets decomposition is not dominated.In a different work, we find criteria of stable ergodicity for systems with a dominated splitting. In particular, we explore the notion of chain-hyperbolicity introduced by Sylvain Crovisier and Enrique Pujals. With this notion we give explicit criteria of stable ergodicity, and we give some applications.In a joint work with Mauricio Poletti, we prove that the random product of conservative surface diffeomorphisms generically has a region with positive exponents. Our results also hold for more general skew products.We also study dissipative perturbations of the Berger-Carrasco example. We classify all the $u$-Gibbs measures that may appear inside a neighborhood of the example. In this neighborhood, we prove that any $u$-Gibbs measure is either the unique SRB measure of the system or it has atomic disintegration along the center foliation. In a joint work with Pablo Carrasco, we prove that this example is robustly transitive (indeed robustly topologically mixing)
Bourdon, Marc. "Actions quasi-convexes d'un groupe hyperbolique : flot géodésique." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112041.
Full textSentissi, Oussama. "Brownian motion under external force field and anomalous diffusion." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF069/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the study of the Brownian motion of a colloidal suspension under an external weak optical force, the study of convective effects and anomalous diffusion. We have built a dark field microscope in order to track the particles and reconstruct the Brownian trajectories with a spatial resolution of 20 nm and a temporal resolution of 8 ms.Statistical analysis of the trajectories has allowed us to extract the ballistic contribution induced by the radiation pressure force exerted by irradiating a laser on the particles. In addition to the mechanical effect of the laser on the particles, the fluid absorbs the radiation. Consequently, the temperature of the fluid rises and results in a thermal difference between the illuminated and the non-illuminated areas of the sample. In order to validate our weak force measurement, we have investigated two fundamental hypotheses in statistical physics: ergodicity and stationary aspect. A closer statistical analysis enables us to demonstrate and characterize the effect of anomalous Brownian diffusion. Our experiments have revealed the existence of anomalous trajectories, which can be understood as an effect of the interactions between the particles
Calard, Vincent. "APPROCHES STATISTIQUES - PROBABILISTES DU COMPORTEMENT MÉCANIQUE DES COMPOSITES À MATRICE CÉRAMIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003071.
Full textBenigni, Lucas. "Dynamics of eigenvectors of random matrices and eigenvalues of nonlinear models of matrices." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC003/document.
Full textThis thesis consists in two independent parts. The first part pertains to the study of eigenvectors of random matrices of Wigner-type. Firstly, we analyze the distribution of eigenvectors of deformed Wigner matrices which consist in a perturbation of a Wigner matrix by a deterministic diagonal matrix. If the two matrices are of the same order of magnitude, it was proved that eigenvectors are completely delocalized and eigenvalues belongs to the Wigner-Dyson-Mehta universality class. We study here an intermediary phase where the deterministic perturbation dominates the randomness of the Wigner matrix : eigenvectors are not completely delocalized but eigenvalues are still universal. The eigenvector entries are asymptotically Gaussian with a variance which localize them onto an explicit part of the spectrum. Moreover, their mass is concentrated around their variance in a sense of a quantum unique ergodicity property. Then, we consider correlations of different eigenvectors. To do so, we exhibit a new observable on eigenvector moments of the Dyson Brownian motion. It follows a closed parabolic equation which is a fermionic counterpart of the Bourgade-Yau eigenvector moment flow. By combining the study of these two observables, it becomes possible to study some eigenvector correlations.The second part concerns the study of eigenvalue distribution of nonlinear models of random matrices. These models appear in the study of random neural networks and correspond to a nonlinear version of sample covariance matrices in the sense that a nonlinear function, called the activation function, is applied entrywise to the matrix. The empirical eigenvalue distribution converges to a deterministic distribution characterized by a self-consistent equation of degree 4 followed by its Stieltjes transform. The distribution depends on the function only through two explicit parameters. For a specific choice of these parameters, we recover the Marchenko-Pastur distribution which stays stable after going through several layers of the network
Bouguet, Florian. "Étude quantitative de processus de Markov déterministes par morceaux issus de la modélisation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S040/document.
Full textThe purpose of this Ph.D. thesis is the study of piecewise deterministic Markov processes, which are often used for modeling many natural phenomena. Precisely, we shall focus on their long time behavior as well as their speed of convergence to equilibrium, whenever they possess a stationary probability measure. Providing sharp quantitative bounds for this speed of convergence is one of the main orientations of this manuscript, which will usually be done through coupling methods. We shall emphasize the link between Markov processes and mathematical fields of research where they may be of interest, such as partial differential equations. The last chapter of this thesis is devoted to the introduction of a unified approach to study the long time behavior of inhomogeneous Markov chains, which can provide functional limit theorems with the help of asymptotic pseudotrajectories
Guégan, Dominique. "Modèles bilinéaires et polynomiaux de séries chronologiques : étude probabiliste et analyse statistique." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330671.
Full textFort, Gersende. "Contrôle explicite d'ergodicité de chaîne de Markov : applications à l'analyse de convergence de l'algorithme Monte-Carlo EM." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066092.
Full textBoutonnet, Rémi. "Plusieurs aspects de rigidité des algèbres de von Neumann." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0901/document.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to put on light rigidity properties of several constructions of von Neumann algebras. These constructions relate group theory and ergodic theory to operator algebras.In Chapter II, we study von Neumann algebras associated with measure-Preserving actions of discrete groups: Gaussian actions. These actions are somehow a generalization of Bernoulli actions. We have two goals in this chapter. The first goal is to use the von Neumann algebra associated with an action as a tool to deduce properties of the initial action (see Corollary II.2.16). The second aim is to prove structural results and classification results for von Neumann algebras associated with Gaussian actions. The most striking rigidity result of the chapter is Theorem II.4.5, which states that in some cases the von Neumann algebra associated with a Gaussian action entirely remembers the action, up to conjugacy. Our results generalize similar results for Bernoulli actions ([KT08,CI10,Io11,IPV13]).In Chapter III, we study amalgamated free products of von Neumann algebras. The content of this chapter is obtained in collaboration with C. Houdayer and S. Raum. We investigate Cartan subalgebras in such amalgamated free products. In particular, we deduce that the free product of two von Neumann algebras is never obtained as a group-Measure space construction of a non-Singular action of a discrete countable group on a measured space.Finally, Chapter IV is concerned with von Neumann algebras associated with hyperbolic groups. The content of this chapter is obtained in collaboration with A. Carderi. We use the geometry of hyperbolic groups to provide new examples of maximal amenable (and yet type I) subalgebras in type II_1 factors
Ould, Mohamed Abdallahi Lémine. "Estimation des paramètres d'un modèle d'activité neuronale et applications de la théorie du champ moyen." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10075.
Full textFang, Yong. "Structures géométriques rigides et systèmes dynamiques hyperboliques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008734.
Full textRiou-Durand, Lionel. "Theoretical contributions to Monte Carlo methods, and applications to Statistics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLG006/document.
Full textThe first part of this thesis concerns the inference of un-normalized statistical models. We study two methods of inference based on sampling, known as Monte-Carlo MLE (Geyer, 1994), and Noise Contrastive Estimation (Gutmann and Hyvarinen, 2010). The latter method was supported by numerical evidence of improved stability, but no theoretical results had yet been proven. We prove that Noise Contrastive Estimation is more robust to the choice of the sampling distribution. We assess the gain of accuracy depending on the computational budget. The second part of this thesis concerns approximate sampling for high dimensional distributions. The performance of most samplers deteriorates fast when the dimension increases, but several methods have proven their effectiveness (e.g. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, Langevin Monte Carlo). In the continuity of some recent works (Eberle et al., 2017; Cheng et al., 2018), we study some discretizations of the kinetic Langevin diffusion process and establish explicit rates of convergence towards the sampling distribution, that scales polynomially fast when the dimension increases. Our work improves and extends the results established by Cheng et al. for log-concave densities
Didi, Sultana. "Quelques propriétés asymptotiques en estimation non paramétrique de fonctionnelles de processus stationnaires en temps continu." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066191/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis focuses upon some nonparametric estimation problems. More precisely, considering kernel estimators of the density, the regression and the conditional mode functions associated to a stationary continuous-time process, we aim at establishing some asymptotic properties while taking a sufficiently general dependency framework for the data as to be easily used in practice. The present manuscript includes four parts. The first one gives the state of the art related to the field of our concern and identifies well our contribution as compared to the existing results in the literature. In the second part, we focus on the kernel density estimation. In a rather general dependency setting, where we use a martingale difference device and a technique based on a sequence of projections on -fields, we establish the almost sure pointwise and uniform consistencies with rates of our estimate. In the third part, similar asymptotic properties are established for the kernel estimator of the regression function. Here and below, the processes are assumed to be ergodic In the same spirit, we study in the fourth part, the kernel estimate of conditional mode function for which we establish consistency properties with rates of convergence. The proposed estimator may be viewed as an alternative in the prediction issues to the usual regression function
Haddani, Mostafa. "Étude de modèles probabilistes de réseaux de télécommunication." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066515.
Full textPédèches, Laure. "Stochastic models for collective motions of populations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30083/document.
Full textIn this thesis, stochastic dynamics modelling collective motions of populations, one of the most mysterious type of biological phenomena, are considered. For a system of N particle-like individuals, two kinds of asymptotic behaviours are studied: ergodicity and flocking properties, in long time, and propagation of chaos, when the number N of agents goes to infinity. Cucker and Smale, deterministic, mean-field kinetic model for a population without a hierarchical structure is the starting point of our journey: the fist two chapters are dedicated to the understanding of various stochastic dynamics it inspires, with random noise added in different ways. The third chapter, an attempt to improve those results, is built upon the cluster expansion method, a technique from statistical mechanics. Exponential ergodicity is obtained for a class of non-Markovian process with non-regular drift. In the final part, the focus shifts onto a stochastic system of interacting particles derived from Keller and Segel 2-D parabolic-elliptic model for chemotaxis. Existence and weak uniqueness are proven
Pask, David Alan. "Ergodicity of certain cylinder flows." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1989. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101211/.
Full textMavroyiannis, Diomides. "Choice and Innovation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED065.
Full textWe consider situations where agents can choose between multiple projects. We show how specific market structure assumptions influence which choices agents pursue. The thesis has three parts 1) We deduce conditions under which firmswill allow agents to pirate their non-rival products. 2) Analyze the decision for firms to merge when other firms can choosebetween projects of varying variances. 3) We show how the characteristics of a payment (amount, frequency) as well as theenvironment of agents (wealth, dynamics), influence the discount rates of agents
Bonthonneau, Yannick. "Résonances du laplacien sur les variétés à pointes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112141/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the resonances of the Laplace operator on cusp manifolds. They are manifolds whose ends are real hyperbolic cusps. The resonances were introduced by Selberg in the 50's for the constant curvature cusp surfaces. Their definition was later extended to the case of variable curvature by Lax and Phillips. The resonances are the poles of a meromorphic family of generalized eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator. They are associated to the continuous spectrum of the Laplace operator. To analyze this continuous spectrum, different directions of research are investigated.On the one hand, we obtain results on the localization of resonances. In particular, if the curvature is negative, for a generic set of metrics, they split into two sets. The first one is included in a band near the spectrum. The other is composed of resonances that are far from the spectrum. This leaves a log zone without resonances. On the other hand, we study the microlocal measures associated to certain sequences of spectral parameters. In particular we show that for some sequences of parameters that converge to the spectrum, but not too fast, the associated microlocal measure has to be the Liouville measure. This property holds when the curvature is negative
Mokkadem, Abdelkader. "Critères de mélange pour des processus stationnaires : estimation sous des hypothèses de mélange : entropie des processus linéaires." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112267.
Full textThere is three part in this thesis. In the first part we study the ergodic and mixing properties of some non linear or polynomial autoregressive random processes. We obtain sufficient conditions for geometric ergodicity and geometric absolute regularity of such processes. The results apply to the ARMA and bilinear processes. The technics used come from the Markov chain theory and the real algebraic and differential geometry. In the second part we study kernel estimators under strong mixing hypothesis ; we bound the p-mean risks and the uniform risk for the estimator of the density and some functionals we also propose estimators of the entropy and information of random variables and bound their risks. In the third part we study the entropy of linear processes we obtain an inequality between the entropy of a process and those of its linearly filtered ; an equality is obtained in some cases ; we close this part with applications particularly for the maximum entropy principle
Kaimanovich, Vadim, Klaus Schmidt, and Klaus Schmidt@univie ac at. "Ergodicity of cocycles. 1: General Theory." ESI preprints, 2000. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi936.ps.
Full textBarkai, Eli. "Weak ergodicity breaking for anomalous diffusion." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-179389.
Full textBarkai, Eli. "Weak ergodicity breaking for anomalous diffusion." Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 4, S. 1, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13525.
Full textVan, Wyk Daniel Willem. "Unique ergodicity in C*-dynamical systems." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40335.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
unrestricted
Leguil, Martin. "Cocycle dynamics and problems of ergodicity." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC159/document.
Full textThe following work contains four chapters: the first one is centered around the weak mixing property for interval exchange transformations and translation flows. It is based on the results obtained together with Artur Avila which strengthen previous results due to Artur Avila and Giovanni Forni. The second chapter is dedicated to a joint work with Zhiyuan Zhang, in which we study the properties of stable ergodicity and accessibility for partially hyperbolic systems with center dimension at least two. We show that for dynamically coherent partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms and under certain assumptions of center bunching and strong pinching, the property of stable accessibility is dense in C^r topology, r>1, and even prevalent in the sense of Kolmogorov. In the third chapter, we explain the results obtained together with Julie Déserti on the properties of a one-parameter family of polynomial automorphisms of C^3; we show that new behaviours can be observed in comparison with the two-dimensional case. In particular, we study the escape speed of points to infinity and show that a transition exists for a certain value of the parameter. The last chapter is based on a joint work with Jiangong You, Zhiyan Zhao and Qi Zhou; we get asymptotic estimates on the size of spectral gaps for quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators in the analytic case. We obtain exponential upper bounds in the subcritical regime, which strengthens a previous result due to Sana Ben Hadj Amor. In the particular case of almost Mathieu operators, we also show exponential lower bounds, which provides quantitative estimates in connection with the so-called "Dry ten Martinis problem". As consequences of our results, we show applications to the homogeneity of the spectrum of such operators, and to Deift's conjecture
El, Heda Khadijetou. "Choix optimal du paramètre de lissage dans l'estimation non paramétrique de la fonction de densité pour des processus stationnaires à temps continu." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0484/document.
Full textThe work this thesis focuses on the choice of the smoothing parameter in the context of non-parametric estimation of the density function for stationary ergodic continuous time processes. The accuracy of the estimation depends greatly on the choice of this parameter. The main goal of this work is to build an automatic window selection procedure and establish asymptotic properties while considering a general dependency framework that can be easily used in practice. The manuscript is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the literature on the subject, set the state of the art and discusses our contribution in within. In the second part, we design an automatical method for selecting the smoothing parameter when the density is estimated by the Kernel method. This choice stemming from the cross-validation method is asymptotically optimal. In the third part, we establish an asymptotic properties pertaining to consistency with rate for the resulting estimate of the window-width
Sim, Tepmony. "Estimation du maximum de vraisemblance dans les modèles de Markov partiellement observés avec des applications aux séries temporelles de comptage." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0020/document.
Full textMaximum likelihood estimation is a widespread method for identifying a parametrized model of a time series from a sample of observations. Under the framework of well-specified models, it is of prime interest to obtain consistency of the estimator, that is, its convergence to the true parameter as the sample size of the observations goes to infinity. For many time series models, for instance hidden Markov models (HMMs), such a “strong” consistency property can however be difficult to establish. Alternatively, one can show that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is consistent in a weakened sense, that is, as the sample size goes to infinity, the MLE eventually converges to a set of parameters, all of which associate to the same probability distribution of the observations as for the true one. The consistency in this sense, which remains a preferred property in many time series applications, is referred to as equivalence-class consistency. The task of deriving such a property generally involves two important steps: 1) show that the MLE converges to the maximizing set of the asymptotic normalized loglikelihood; and 2) show that any parameter in this maximizing set yields the same distribution of the observation process as for the true parameter. In this thesis, our primary attention is to establish the equivalence-class consistency for time series models that belong to the class of partially observed Markov models (PMMs) such as HMMs and observation-driven models (ODMs)
Guyon, Julien. "Modélisation probabiliste en finance et en biologie - Théorèmes limites et applications." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001995.
Full textLadjouze, Salim. "Problèmes d'estimation dans les séries temporelles stationnaires avec données manquantes." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319946.
Full textFeil, Florian, Sergej Naumov, Jens Michaelis, Rustem Valiullin, Dirk Ende, Christoph Bräuchle, and Jörg Kärger. "Single-particle and ensemble diffusivities – test of ergodicity." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-183252.
Full textSCHNOOR, MIGUEL ADRIANO KOILLER. "ERGODICITY AND ROBUST TRANSITIVITY ON THE REAL LINE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11519@1.
Full textEm meados do século XIX, G. Boole mostrou que a transformação x -> x − 1/x, definida em R − {0}, preserva a medida de Lebesgue (Ble). Mais de um século depois, R. Adler e B.Weiss mostraram que essa aplicação, chamada de transformação de Boole, é, de fato, ergódica com respeito à medida de Lebesgue (Adl). Nesse trabalho, apresentaremos o conceito de sistemas alternantes, definido recentemente por S. Muñoz (Mun), que consiste numa grande classe de aplicações na reta que generaliza a transformação de Boole e que torna possível uma análise abrangente de propriedades como transitividade robusta e ergodicidade. Para mostrar que, sob certas condições, sistemas alternantes são ergódicos com relação à medida de Lebesgue, mostraremos, usando o Teorema do Folclore, que a transformação induzida do sistema alternante é ergódica.
In the middle of the 19th century, G. Boole proved that the transformation x -> x − 1/x, defined on R − {0}, is a Lebesgue measure preserving transformation (Ble). Over one hundred years later, R. Adler and B.Weiss proved that this map, called Boole`s map, is, in fact, ergodic with respect to the Lebesgue measure (Adl). In this work, we present the notion of alternating systems, recently introduced by S. Mu`noz (Mun), which is a large class of functions on the real line that generalizes the Boole`s map and allows us to make a wide analysis on certain properties such as robust transitivity and ergodicity. In order to show that, under certain conditions, alternating systems are ergodic with respect to the Lebesgue measure, we show, using the Folklore Theorem, that the induced transformation of an alternating system is ergodic.
Feil, Florian, Sergej Naumov, Jens Michaelis, Rustem Valiullin, Dirk Ende, Christoph Bräuchle, and Jörg Kärger. "Single-particle and ensemble diffusivities – test of ergodicity." Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 59, S. 1-2, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13636.
Full textBaglioni, Paolo. "Ergodicity and localization in Zn lattice Schwinger model." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textRiou-Durand, Lionel. "Theoretical contributions to Monte Carlo methods, and applications to Statistics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLG006.
Full textThe first part of this thesis concerns the inference of un-normalized statistical models. We study two methods of inference based on sampling, known as Monte-Carlo MLE (Geyer, 1994), and Noise Contrastive Estimation (Gutmann and Hyvarinen, 2010). The latter method was supported by numerical evidence of improved stability, but no theoretical results had yet been proven. We prove that Noise Contrastive Estimation is more robust to the choice of the sampling distribution. We assess the gain of accuracy depending on the computational budget. The second part of this thesis concerns approximate sampling for high dimensional distributions. The performance of most samplers deteriorates fast when the dimension increases, but several methods have proven their effectiveness (e.g. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, Langevin Monte Carlo). In the continuity of some recent works (Eberle et al., 2017; Cheng et al., 2018), we study some discretizations of the kinetic Langevin diffusion process and establish explicit rates of convergence towards the sampling distribution, that scales polynomially fast when the dimension increases. Our work improves and extends the results established by Cheng et al. for log-concave densities
Saubamea, Bruno. "Refroidissement laser subrecul au nanokelvin : mesure directe de la longueur de cohérence spatiale. Nouveaux tests des statistiques de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011778.
Full textBoucher, Thomas Richard. "V-uniform ergodicity of threshold autoregressive nonlinear time series." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/292.
Full textVestweber, Johanna [Verfasser]. "Geometric ergodicity of multivariate stochastic volatility models / Johanna Vestweber." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151938378/34.
Full textPark, Kihong. "Ergodicity and Mixing Rate of One-Dimensional Cellular Automata." Boston University Computer Science Department, 1996. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/1591.
Full textSadiki, Wafaa. "Estimation et validation a posteriori des statistiques d'erreur pour une assimilation à aire limitée." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30019.
Full textData assimilation methods perform a combination between a background state of the atmosphere and observations. The formulation of any assimilation system requires the knowledge of the weights attributed to each source of information. The system of interest is the limited area 3d-Var analysis of ALADIN. The aim is, on the one hand, to study the properties of background error covariances in a limited area model and, on the other hand, to apply the a posteriori diagnostics in a real data observation environment, in order to calibrate the background and observational error standard deviations. Firstly, we show that, for the large scales, the background errors are controlled by the ARP\`EGE global model. Secondly, through a posteriori validation, we have found an underestimation of the background error variance, and an overestimation of the observational error variance. Moreover, we have adapted these diagnostics to the frame of a limited amount of observations using ergodic properties of the signals
Sim, Tepmony. "Estimation du maximum de vraisemblance dans les modèles de Markov partiellement observés avec des applications aux séries temporelles de comptage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0020.
Full textMaximum likelihood estimation is a widespread method for identifying a parametrized model of a time series from a sample of observations. Under the framework of well-specified models, it is of prime interest to obtain consistency of the estimator, that is, its convergence to the true parameter as the sample size of the observations goes to infinity. For many time series models, for instance hidden Markov models (HMMs), such a “strong” consistency property can however be difficult to establish. Alternatively, one can show that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is consistent in a weakened sense, that is, as the sample size goes to infinity, the MLE eventually converges to a set of parameters, all of which associate to the same probability distribution of the observations as for the true one. The consistency in this sense, which remains a preferred property in many time series applications, is referred to as equivalence-class consistency. The task of deriving such a property generally involves two important steps: 1) show that the MLE converges to the maximizing set of the asymptotic normalized loglikelihood; and 2) show that any parameter in this maximizing set yields the same distribution of the observation process as for the true parameter. In this thesis, our primary attention is to establish the equivalence-class consistency for time series models that belong to the class of partially observed Markov models (PMMs) such as HMMs and observation-driven models (ODMs)
Cloez, Bertrand. "Comportement asymptotique de processus avec sauts et applications pour des modèles avec branchement." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862913.
Full textLouis, Pierre-Yves. "Ergodicity of PCA : equivalence between spatial and temporal mixing conditions." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/658/.
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