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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ergonomic requirement'
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Kučera, Pavel. "Ergonomie práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199584.
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This thesis deals with ergonomics. The aim of the thesis is identifying risks arising from abusing ergonomics principles. Then make recommendations that would improve the working conditions and environment of the company, thereby increase employee satisfaction and efficiency of the production process. For ergonomic analysis has been selected Kolin plant Lear Corporation Ltd. The thesis consists of theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part provides basic information about ergonomics. To evaluate ergonomics in chosen company the analytical part uses sort of questionnaires and checklists. Conclusion provides recommendations based on obtained results.
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Hamilton, Jakob, and Mahmoud Jeresi. "Geometry-Based Requirements : Support requirement owners in connecting and mediating requirements from SystemWeaver to CATIA V5." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149901.
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Requirements of a Volvo car are stored in a requirements management system at Volvo Car Group (VCG). VCG recently implemented a new requirements management system, a system called SystemWeaver. Many different types of requirements are stored in the SystemWeaver software, where the requirements can only be described in text and pictures. However, some requirements are geometry-based, describing some type of shape or measurement in space that the car should fulfil. Geometry-based requirements are stored in Teamcenter and have two components, the requirement text and requirement geometry in the form of CAD-models. The models are used to illustrate the requirement in space. This master thesis examines the possibilities of connecting text-based requirements in SystemWeaver to requirement geometries. The technical aspects are studied as well as the organizational mechanisms of creating and changing a geometry-based requirement. To find a working solution, research relating to the issue gave input to the project. Furthermore, interviews were conducted at different departments at VCG to get insight in the working tasks of requirement management at the company. The project resulted in a concept of a new process, describing the actions of geometry-based requirement management and how requirement geometries should be connected to SystemWeaver. The new concept outlined the logical steps that are required to work with SystemWeaver and geometry-based requirements. The work has laid a foundation on which future studies can be conducted to further streamline management of geometry-based requirements at VCG.
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Muniz, Rui Paulo Dias. "Requisitos de mantenabilidade na execução dos serviços de manutenção." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28788.
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Manutenção, para as organizações, possui a função estratégica de garantir a confiabilidade buscada com a disponibilidade projetada para os processos. Enquanto um serviço, a conformidade da execução dos serviços de manutenção é o resultado dos recursos envolvidos, da capacidade técnica, de logística, dos meios, do planejamento, do controle das condições de trabalho e do ambiente. Mantenabilidade é a adequada execução destes serviços, que acontece pela necessária adoção de requisitos para atender a normas, legislação e melhores praticas, particularmente associados ao ambiente em que as atividades e tarefas de manutenção serão desenvolvidas. Este estudo contempla um conjunto de quatro artigos que têm por finalidade identificar os requisitos de mantenabilidade a serem atendidos na execução dos serviços de manutenção. Para tanto, a partir de um estudo sistemático, identifica na literatura os principais requisitos, estruturando-os em áreas, e aplica pesquisa junto a especialistas de manutenção para classificá-los quanto à importância e aplicabilidade. Na sequência, agrupa estes requisitos em criticidade, estabelece um ranqueamento quanto à sua observação e debate a ocorrência na literatura e o operado nas organizações, bem como a possível defasagem existente entre o operado e o concebido em discussões acadêmicas. Como resultado, além de apresentar os principais requisitos de mantenabilidade na execução dos serviços de manutenção, caracteriza o impacto da adoção dos requisitos de mantenabilidade nas organizações e conclui que a mantenabilidade gerenciada é responsável pela conformidade da execução dos serviços e pelos resultados organizacionais buscados. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de construir uma sistemática capaz de diagnosticar o nível de observação dos requisitos de mantenabilidade em uma organização e de introduzir melhorias nos processos e execução de serviços de manutenção existentes.Maintenance, for the organizations, comprises the strategic function of assuring the sought reliability by the planned availability for the processes. As a service, the conformity in the performance of maintenance services results from the involved resources, technical capacity, logistics, means, planning, control of work conditions and environment. Maintainability is the adequate performance of these services, which occur by the adoption of requirements that observe norms, legislation, and best practices, particularly connected to the environment where the maintenance activities and tasks will be developed. This study consists of a block of four articles, which aim to verify the necessary maintainability requirements to be attended in the performance of maintenance services. For the accomplishment, it takes a systematic study to identify in the literature the major requirements, organizing them by sections, and applies a research to maintenance experts in order to categorize these requirements on levels of importance and applicability. Subsequently, it groups these requirements on emergency levels, establishes a ranking board based on their observation, and discusses their occurrences in the literature towards what is performed in the organizations, as well as the possibly existent hiatus between the operated procedures and the concepts raised from academic discussions. As a result, besides presenting the major maintainability requirements in the performance of maintenance services, it characterizes the impact of the adoption of maintainability requirements by the organizations and concludes that the managed maintainability is responsible for the conformity in the performance of services and for the sought organizational results. The study reveals the necessity of structuring a systematics able to diagnose the level of attendance of maintainability requirements by an organization and to attach improvements to the processes and performance of existing maintenance services.
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Eost, Charlotte L. "Capturing ergonomics requirements in the global automotive industry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7602.
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This thesis examines the issues surrounding the collection and dissemination of customer ergonomics requirements in the automotive industry. The aim of the research is to develop a Toolset of methods, known as the Lifestyle Scenario Toolset, for gathering customer requirements in overseas markets, and for presenting the information collected to design teams, taking a user-centred design approach. The Toolset was developed and evaluated with the co-operation of employees from a major UK automotive company. Four studies were conducted, the first comprised a series of interviews to establish the needs of both the data gatherers and data users for a Toolset of methods to collect and communicate overseas customer information. The data gatherers were drawn from the company's Market Researchers, Ergonomists and people responsible for the company's overseas operations. The data users were the design team responsible for the development of the company's next generation 4X4 vehicle. Results showed that the data collection tools which formed part I of the Toolset should be quick to use, require no ergonomics expertise to implement and be cost effective to use. The interviews with data users identified the need for tools which could communicate customer ergonomics requirements to them in a way which fitted in with their current working practices. In addition the tools needed to communicate information in language which was familiar to the design team, and be visually based where possible. The second study explored the development of suitable data collection tools for inclusion in the Lifestyle Scenario Toolset. Building on the needs identified in the first study together with information from the current literature a number of data collection tools were developed for inclusion in part I of the Lifestyle Scenario Toolset. These tools were a questionnaire, driving diary and photographs, focus group, ergonomics audit and background information tool. The tools were designed to collect a range of different data types, e.g. qualitative, quantitative, pictorial and customer verbatims, to provide a rich picture of users and their activities. The tools were used in a field trial to collect data from overseas customers about their ergonomics requirements and the tasks they carried out using their vehicle, in the context of their lifestyle. The third study focused on the development of a set of tools to communicate the data collected in part 1 of the Toolset, to the design team who would use it in their work. The data communication tools were developed to provide information to design teams at a number of levels, enabling them to use the data at an appropriate level for their needs. High level summaries of each of the tools were developed and scenarios presented on storyboards were used to integrate information from all of the data collection tools to provide detailed information about customers' ergonomics requirements and lifestyle. The data communication tools also used a variety of data types and presentation mediums, such as pictures, graphs and customer quotes to increase the richness of the data presented. The fourth study involved the evaluation of the suitability of the Toolset for collecting and communicating overseas customer ergonomics requirements. The data gatherers, and data users (design team) carried out a field trial using the Toolset to establish its usefulness to them in their work. The results of the evaluation showed that the data gatherers found the Toolset easy to implement and were able to use it to pick up overseas customers ergonomics requirements. The communication tools were able to provide the design team with new and useful customer ergonomics information, in a range of formats which they felt comfortable using in their work. The implementation of a user-centred design approach to the development of methods for collecting and communicating overseas customer ergonomics requirements enabled the creation of a Toolset which met the needs of the people who will use it. This increased its acceptance by people in the company and thus the likelihood of the Lifestyle Scenario Toolset's continued use within the company.
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Lundius, Amelie. "Initial Assessment of Manufacturing Execution Systems : Development of a methodology to define business needs and functional requirements." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263187.
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A key component of the smart factories that industry 4.0 introduce is the MES (manufacturing execution system). The MES lies above the actual shop floor in the enterprise system hierarchy and is not in direct contact with the actual production, in the way PLC (programmable logic control) or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems are. MES guide, initiate, respond to and reports on the production activities as well as distribute information to other company IT systems, bridging the gap between the control systems of the shop floor and the information systems on an enterprise level. MES is a class of information systems built to support shop floor processes and improve the integration to other departments of the enterprise by incorporating these systems into the overall IT-architecture. The main goal of an MES is to improve and optimize the production management functions and increase visibility into the manufacturing process. The role of the MES is defined by industry standards that identify what functionalities and dataflows an MES should include, and how it is intended to be integrated with other information systems. However, little research has been focused on adopting these standards in actual MES implementation projects. The MESA (manufacturing executions system association) is presenting a standardized definition of MES as well as 2 models of the, according to the standard, 11 key MES functionalities. The ISA-95 (IEC/ISO 62264) standard identifies sub-systems of an MES and defines the boundaries between the ERP, MES and other automation and IT systems. Company parameters such as manufacturing environment, production model and plant type all affect the business needs and what MES functionalities are of priority. Hence, for an MES implementation project, a business-specific evaluation must be performed. Prior research in the area is presenting a high-level workflow and best-practices of an MES implementation project. By combining this workflow with the general software implementation standard ISO/IEC 12588 (ISO/IEC 15288: System engineering – System lifecycle process), a methodology for performing the initial assessment of a company’s MES needs and business requirements is built. In the methodology models from MESA and ISA-95 are applied to ensure an industry-accepted terminology and process. The objective of the methodology is to provide a standardized way to make an initial assessment of a company’s MES needs and specify system requirements. The methodology is validated through a study performed at discrete manufacturing line. The overall needs and specific functional requirements are identified through the methodology and are presented according to a URS (user requirements specification) for an MES. The requirements are prioritizing according to MoSCoW analysis. Additional validation of the methodology must be performed to further evaluate the suitability of using the methodology for initial assessments of businesses’ MES needs.En an nyckelkomponenterna för de smarta fabriker som industri 4.0 introducerar är MES (manufacturing execution system). Dessa system verkar för tillverkande företag ovanför produktions golvet i en klassisk hierarkisk företagsstruktur och är inte i direkt kontakt med produktionen, till skillnad från exempelvis PLC- (programmable logic control) eller SCADA- (supervisory control and data acquisition) system. Trots det guidar, initierar, svara på och rapporterar MES systemet kring produktionsaktiviteter samt distribuerar information till företagets övriga IT-system, vilket överbryggar luckan mellan produktionsgolvets kontrollsystem och övriga informationssystem på företagsnivå. Ett MES är en grupp av informationssystem byggda för att stötta processerna på produktionsgolvet och dess integration med övriga delar av företaget. Genom att koppla samman det till företagets totala IT-arkitektur. Det huvudsakligamålet med ett MES är att förbättra och optimera produktionsstyrnings funktioner samt öka insynen i tillverkningsprocesserna. Det existerar flertalet industristandarder som definierar vilken roll ett MES bör ha samt identifierar ess funktionaliteter samt relaterade data flöden och integrationer med övriga informations system. Å andra sidan är området kring hur dessa standarder bör tolkas och användas vid MES implementerings projekt. MESA (manufacturing execution system association) presenterar en standardiserad definition av vad MES är samt två modeller över de 11 huvud funktionaliteter som systemet enligt standarden bör innefatta. ISA-95 (IEC/ISO 62264) standarden identifierar del-system av ett MES samt definierar avgränsningen mellan ett företags ERP (enterprise resource planning) system, MES system och övriga automations och informationssystem. Företags parametrar, som tillverknings system, produktions modell samt fabriks typ, påverkar alla systembehovet samt vilka funktionaliteter som är prioriterade hos ett MES. Därav krävs det att företags specifika utvärdering utförs vid en MES implementering. Tidigare forsning inom området presenterar ett överblicks aktivitetsflöde och bästa praxis när det kommer till MES implementeringsprojekt. Genom att kombinera dessa med den generella mjukvaruimplementerings standarden ISO/IEC 15288 (ISO/IEC 15288: System engineering – System lifecycle process), byggs en metodik för att utföra en initial bedömning av ett företags behov av ett MES system, där modellerna presenterade i MESA och ISA-95 är applicerade. Målet med metodiken är att före en standardiserad metod för att göre en initial bedömning av ett företags MES behov samt specificera systemkrav. Metodiken är validerad genom en studie på en produktionslina. Genom att följa metodiken kan ett företags generella behov samt specifika funktionalitets krav specificeras i korrelation med generella användar-kravställningar för MES. För att validera metodikens lämplighet i det aktuella avseendet att göra en initial bedömning av ett företags MES behov krävs ytterligare utvärderingar och validerings studier.
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Barre, Jessy. "Vers de nouveaux outils pour l’anticipation des besoins utilisateurs : apports méthodologiques pour l'ergonomie prospective." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0023/document.
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L’analyse des besoins est la première étape du processus de conception. C'estaussi une source importante d’innovation en entreprise, notamment lorsqu'elle est partagée ausein de l’équipe de conception pluridisciplinaire. La prospection et l’anticipation des besoinsfuturs des utilisateurs porte ainsi des enjeux stratégiques majeurs pour développer des produitsnouveaux adaptés aux utilisateurs finaux. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à optimiserl’anticipation des besoins dans le but de favoriser l’innovation. Nos hypothèses portent sur desfacteurs méthodologiques et technologiques qui permettent d'améliorer la collaboration del'équipe pluridisciplinaire et la performance d'anticipation des besoins. Ces hypothèses sontopérationnalisées comme trois déclinaisons de la méthode des Personas et sont testées dansle cadre de trois projets industriels. Nous montrons qu'en proposant une méthode combinantplusieurs modes de raisonnements adaptés aux profils métiers de l'équipe pluridisciplinaire,l'anticipation des besoins est améliorée en quantité et en qualité (utilité perçue par lesutilisateurs). Nous montrons également que les technologies support jouent un rôle importantdans l'efficacité des méthodes : une technologie collaborative et ludique comme une tableinteractive peut augmenter le nombre d'items stratégiques pour l'entreprise (c'est-à-dire utiles etfaisables) ; une technologie immersive et ludique comme un monde virtuel permet d'orienterl'anticipation des besoins selon les objectifs du projet (techno-centrés ou centrés-utilisateurs).Ces résultats ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives pour l'évolution méthodologique ettechnologique de la phase d'anticipation des besoins dans les projets d'innovationRequirements analysis is the first step of the design process. It is also animportant source of innovation in companies, particularly when it is shared and fulfilled by themultidisciplinary design team. The prospection and anticipation of future needs are therefore animportant challenge for the development of new products adapted to their user. The goal of thisthesis is to optimize the anticipation of future needs in order to foster innovation. Ourassumptions include methodological and technological factors to improve the collaboration ofthe multidisciplinary team and the performance of requirements anticipation. Theseassumptions are operationalized through three different ways of running the Persona methodand tested in the context of three industrial projects. We show that a method combining severalreasoning modes adapted to the various professional backgrounds in the multidisciplinary team,the anticipation of needs is improved quantitatively and qualitatively (i.e. usefulness assessedby users). We also show that the technological support plays an important role in theeffectiveness of methods: a collaborative and playful technology such as an interactive tabletopcan increase the number of strategic ideas for the company (i.e. useful and technically feasible);an immersive and playful technology such as a virtual world can shape needs anticipation inaccordance with the project priorities (Techno-Centered or User-Centered). These results openmany opportunities for the methodological and technological evolution of front-end innovationphases towards the anticipation of future needs
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Denley, Ian Sean. "Dialectic approach to multidisciplinary practice in requirements engineering." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318020/.
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This thesis develops an approach that supports multidisciplinary practice in requirements engineering. It is argued that multidisciplinary requirements engineering practice is ineffective, and some specific problems for multidisciplinary practice are identified. It is also suggested that the incommensurability of conflicting paradigms is an underlying cause of the problems in multidisciplinary practice, and a number of criteria for support to overcome such problems are proposed. A form of methodological support, which it is claimed may help overcome some of the problems associated with multidisciplinary practice in requirements engineering, is developed. This methodological support takes the form of a dialectic process, and its associated products, which is conceptualised and then operationalised. As an illustration of the methodological support offered to multidisciplinary practice, the operationalisation of the dialectic process is applied to requirements constructed by the use of two different requirements engineering techniques from two different disciplines (representing two different paradigms), in the domain of Accident and Emergency healthcare. Finally, the application of the operationalisation of the dialectic process is assessed with respect to the criteria for support for multidisciplinary practice proposed earlier, and this assessment is used to reconceptualise the dialectic process. The limitations of the research are identified, and possibilities for future work proposed. This thesis is aimed primarily at the requirements engineering community, and in particular the practising requirements engineer. It makes two contributions to knowledge supporting the practices of requirements engineering. First, the thesis contributes two types of substantive discipline knowledge: an explanation of why multidisciplinary practice in requirements engineering is problematic; and the proposal of criteria for support to allay the difficulties of multidisciplinary practice. It is suggested that these criteria might be used in the development of new types of support to overcomes such difficulties, or in the assessmment of new requirements engineering techniques that claim to address multidisciplinary practice. Second, the thesis contributes methodological knowledge in the form of a dialectic approach that offers a new way of reasoning about requirements engineering. This methodological knowledge takes two forms: a generic dialectic approach that might be applied by requirements engineering practitioners to requirements, generated by a wide range of requirements engineering techniques, representing alternative paradigms; and a specific instantiation of the dialectic approach using the MUSE method and the Grounded Theory method, that might be used in its current form by requirements engineering practitioners to support their own multidisciplinary practice.
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Sajjad, Umar, and Muhammad Qaisar Hanif. "Issues and Challenges of Requirement Elicitation in Large Web Projects." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3216.
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Requirement elicitation is a critical activity in the requirement development process and it explores the requirements of stakeholders. The success or failure of this process is based on identifying the relevant stakeholders and discovering their needs as well as the quality of requirements. The quality of the requirements is greatly influenced by methods applied during requirements elicitation process. Only complete and structured requirements make these projects more reliable. The common challenges that analysts face during elicitation process are to ensure effective communication between stakeholders as well as the acquisition of tacit knowledge. Mostly errors in the systems are due to poor communication between user and analyst, and these errors require more resources (time and money) to correct them. The understandability problems during elicitation process of large web projects can lead to requirements ambiguous, inconsistent, incorrect and unusable. Different methods (Conversational, Observational, Analytical and Synthetic) are available to deal with the problems during requirement elicitation process. The challenge for analysts is to select an appropriate method or set of methods and apply them for the clear, consistent and correct requirement gathering. This study based on the results of interviews conducted to the professionals, who have industrial experience in development of web systems. The elicitation problems that are identified in literature and interview along with applicability of elicitation methods for requirement gathering in large web projects development are documented in this report.Umar Sajjad Charhoi, Kotli, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Muhammad Qaisar Hanif Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
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Lindahl, Daniel, and Henric Stodell. "A Human Factors Analysis of Optical Distortion in Automotive Glazing." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8709.
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The glazing is today a part of the car design. The customer is more or less taking for granted that his or her view from inside the car is a direct mirror of the outside world. With more complex shapes, lower installation angles and thinner glass it is a great challenge to produce even better quality at a lower price. While the windscreen is regulated by law, the lack of well specified requirements for the optics in the backlight (rear window), together with the absence of direct customer complaints, is causing the optical quality of the backlight to decrease. The requirements and measuring methods used today are described in technical terms and do not correspond to the human perception of optical distortion.
This report is a first step towards new technical requirements, for the optics of backlights, based on the driver’s perception of optical distortion. The knowledge of how optical transmission distortion occurs, how it should be measured and how it affects the driver, is essential in order to control it.
Several databases were searched and contacts with experts were established, in order to gain knowledge. The connection between the technical requirements and the human perception of optical distortion in backlights was investigated by using psychophysical methods. A within factorial design was employed with two independent variables; viewing distance from backlight to tailing object and fixation time (viewing time). The result showed a significant difference in perception of optical distortion between 25 and 75 metres. Moreover, optical distortion is, according to the test, more disturbing during free fixation time than for fixation times of about one second.
The requirements often used for backlights today (12 ± 5 millimetres) allow distortions that 68 percent of the test subjects perceived as disturbing. In order to please the test driver from Volvo the requirements need to be as high as 12 ± 2 millimetres, which correspond to the 96th percentile. Furthermore, the result confirms that dynamic measurements are needed to find a connection to human perception of optical distortion. The principles of a new measuring method that measures the deformation and the dynamic distortion were developed to show the possibilities of measuring what the driver perceives.
Even if a good measuring method can help controlling the produced glazing it is not enough to optimize the quality of the production. More important is the choice of thickness and curvature of the glass, the installation angle and the manufacturing method. It is important to set about the origin of the problem and develop a good routine of how to work with optical distortions. Optical distortions in backlights, similar to the tested backlight, have a low probability to disturb the driver in such extent that it has an effect on the driving. Nevertheless, it is a source of irritation and discomfort, which do not belong in a premium car.
The video files are also clickable from the pdf file pages 29 and 56.
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Olsson, Anna, and Martin Årsköld. "Kill visions in the process of design :problem-oriented versus solution-oriented ways of expressing requirements." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap och medieteknik, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1637.
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How should requirements be expressed to support the design process of advanced software? This is what this report contributes based on facts from qualitative research methods performed at Ericsson Software Technology. The design process studied is influenced by different ways of expressing the requirements, problem-oriented and solution-oriented. The problem-oriented way of expressing requirements supports the designers to keep the overall picture of the product and make visions possible in the requirement handling process. The study also points out that the problem-oriented way of expressing requirements facilitates distributed software projects.Rapporten berör hur krav kan uttryckas problemorienterat eller lösningsorienterat och hur dessa olika uttryckssätt påverkar designprocessen.
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Nguyen, Thi Thanh Loan. "The creation of Uni-REPM A universal model for assessing requirements engineering process maturity." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4009.
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Context. The empirical study of Somerville in 2005 has shown that potential business benefits could be achieved by assessing and improving the Requirement Engineering (RE) process. However, currently there has not been an adequate instrument for practitioners to perform this work. Most known process assessment models such as CMMI and ISO do not pay intensive attention on RE whereas tailored models such as GPG and REPM do not cover the mentioned area extensively. Objectives. This thesis presents a conceptual research of RE process assessment in which the researcher aims to develop a practical model for evaluating the maturity of RE processes in industrial settings. Methods. A major part of this study consists of a systematic review and a literature review to explore all RE ―good practices‖ as a profound basis for the new model. Together with identifying potential activities, the two reviews also highly regarded the feasibility of certain practices and their context to assure the validity of the model. Conclusions. Based on the results of the reviews, Uni-REPM is formulated and introduced. The objective of Uni-REPM is twofold. Firstly, it is expected to be applicable for assessing the maturity of RE processes in various scenarios where an organization would use different development approaches. Secondly, it instructs practitioners with what to perform in RE processes and what they would benefit from such activities. As an assessment instrument, Uni-REPM serves a simple and low cost solution for practitioners to identify the status of their RE process. As a guidance tool, Uni-REPM is believed to lessen the gap between theoretical and practical worlds by transferring the available RE technologies from research to real work.
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Spitzhirn, Michael. "Erhebung von Nutzeranforderungen an eine digitalisierte EAWS-Auswertung mittels Online-Umfrage." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-223267.
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Eine Digitalisierung des EAWS-Verfahrens kann bei der Identifikation ergonomischer Probleme und der Ableitung darauf aufbauender Maßnahmen unterstützen. Aktuelle EAWS-Digitalisierungen beschränken sich mehrheitlich auf die Darstellung von EAWS-Punkten und Belastungen. Um EAWS-Auswertungen bedarfsgerecht weiterzuent-wickeln, wurden mit Hilfe einer Online-Befragung der Bedarf und die Anforderungen an EAWS-Auswertungsfunktionen und Gestaltungs-elemente ermittelt. Hierzu wurden auch der EAWS-Nutzungskontext sowie die eingesetzten EAWS-Auswertungssysteme und deren Bewertung erhoben. Insgesamt nahmen 61 Personen u. a. aus den Bereichen Arbeits-planung, IE, Ergonomie, Gesundheitswesen und Management teil. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, für was das EAWS-Verfahren eingesetzt wird, welche Personen daran beteiligt sind, welche Systeme genutzt und welchen Auswertungsfunktionen ein besonderer Bedarf zugeordnet wird. Daraus lassen sich Schwerpunkte für die Weiterentwicklung von EAWS-Auswertungen ableiten.
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Joeschke, Anelena. "Oportunidades de melhoria ergon?mica das exig?ncias f?sicas da atividade jangadeira em Ponta Negra Natal-RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15001.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-13Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The fishing is an activity with rafts marked by unpredictability, poor tools, physical stress, awkward postures, risk of accidents and incidents, which contribute to insecurity in the context of activity. This study aimed to contribute to reducing of physical effort and the biomechanical impacts in jangadeiro activity of artisanal fishing using jangadas on the beach of Ponta Negra, Natal-RN. To achieve this purpose the methodology of the Work Ergonomic Analysis - WEA became a reference using techniques such as observational and interactional observation notes, photographs, videos, action conversational and listening verbalizations. The resulting activity in health jangadeiro, discussed in this research were: static postural assessment, flexibility of movement of shoulder flexion-extension, flexibility of the hamstrings and lower back, grip and musculoskeletal pain. It was found from observations, interactions and activity analysis, that in carrying out fishing rafts are frequent awkward postures associated with demand for power and many are already feeling the jangadeiros reflections of years of life dedicated to this work. These have already adopted some measures to manage the activity, such as job rotation during the expedition of capture. Therefore, there is a need to expand these measures of activity management, as well as design and capabilities of the raft, seeking positive changes in the activity and consequently the quality of life jangadeiro
A pesca artesanal com jangadas ? uma atividade marcada por imprevisibilidade, prec?rios instrumentos de trabalho, desgaste f?sico, posturas for?adas, risco de acidentes e incidentes, que contribuem para o quadro de inseguran?a na atividade. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo contribuir para a diminui??o dos esfor?os f?sicos e dos impactos biomec?nicos na atividade jangadeira de pesca artesanal com utiliza??o de jangadas na praia de Ponta Negra em Natal-RN. Para alcan?ar esse prop?sito, tomou-se como refer?ncia a metodologia da An?lise Ergon?mica do Trabalho aplicando t?cnicas observacionais e interacionais como protocolos de observa??o, registros fotogr?ficos, v?deos, a??o conversacional e escuta de verbaliza??es. As repercuss?es da atividade na sa?de dos jangadeiros, discutidas nesta pesquisa, foram: avalia??o postural est?tica, flexibilidade do movimento de flexo extens?o do ombro, flexibilidade da musculatura isquiotibial e regi?o lombar, preens?o manual e dores m?sculo-esquel?ticas. Constatou-se, a partir das observa??es, intera??es e an?lises da atividade, que, na realiza??o da pesca com jangadas, s?o frequentes as posturas for?adas associadas ? exig?ncia de for?a. Muitos jangadeiros j? sentem os reflexos dos anos de vida dedicados ? esse trabalho. Estes j? adotam algumas medidas para a gest?o da atividade, como a rota??o de cargos durante a expedi??o de captura. Portanto, existe a necessidade da amplia??o destas medidas de gest?o da atividade, bem como do projeto da jangada e capacita??es, visando transforma??es positivas na atividade e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida dos jangadeiros
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Costa, Gildete Fernandes da. "Aspectos lingu?stico-ergon?micos em r?tulos: avalia??o da linguagem verbo-visual de r?tulos de embalagens para alimentos achocolatados." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15021.
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-12We have been living in a world of packed products. The package and the labels support the companies to communicate with the customers in addition to give protection, storage and convenience in proportion to the products that move in the price list. The labels mainly add up a value which helps the companies differ their products and increase the value of the brands among the final customers. However, the information given in the label are not clear sometimes. It displays a verbal-visual defective language resulted from a poor visibility, legibleness and comprehensibleness of the verbal and visual marks. The aim of this research is to verify, according to the costumers‟ view, the level of the clarity in the informative texts, harmony and ergonomic conformity of the package labels in the chocolate powder of the Claralate brand, considering the linguistic aspects presented on the labels. The criteria to evaluate the chocolate package selected were based on the linguistic field: the organization and the structure of the text derided from the classification of the textual genre; the clarity and the comprehension of the language utilized on those labels. From the ergonomic view, the informative and ergonomic conformity, based on the following requirements: legibility, symbols, characters, reading fields and intermission of the written lines. Therefore, the research done july 2007 and added july 2011 had a structured questionnaire in the interview put to the 118 customers of the chocolate package that go shopping in one of the two supermarkets in Floriano, Piau? S?o Jorge and/or Super Quaresma. The main results of the investigation show that the linguistic aspects in the informative texts of the labels provide the customers‟ expectancy partially, while the consideration of the informative ergonomic analyzed can contribute to the improvement of the information and consequent visual progress of those, on the labels of chocolate package investigated. As recommendation towards the maker of the product, the outcome of the research indicates: harmonize the proportion of the letters and numbers; enlarge the letters size; make the visual information more comprehensive determined by the reading field; put the expiry date in a better visual place
Vivemos num mundo de produtos embalados. A embalagem e os r?tulos ajudam as empresas a se comunicarem com os consumidores e a fornecerem prote??o, armazenagem e conveni?ncia, ? medida que os produtos se movimentam na cadeia de valor. Especialmente os r?tulos adicionam um valor que auxilia as empresas a diferenciar seus produtos e a aumentar o valor da marca entre os consumidores finais. Por?m, muitas vezes, as informa??es contidas nos r?tulos das embalagens n?o s?o claras, apresentando uma linguagem verbo-visual deficiente resultante da m? visibilidade, legibilidade e compreensibilidade de signos verbais e visuais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa ? verificar, na vis?o dos consumidores, o n?vel de clareza dos textos informativos, harmonia e conformidade ergon?mica do r?tulo de embalagem do achocolatado em p? Claralate , considerando os aspectos lingu?sticos e ergon?micos presentes no r?tulo do produto. Os crit?rios para avalia??o da embalagem do achocolatado selecionado foram do ponto de vista lingu?stico: a organiza??o e estrutura??o dos textos a partir da classifica??o do g?nero textual; a clareza e compreens?o da linguagem utilizada no r?tulo. Do ponto de vista da ergonomia, a conformidade ergon?mica informacional, com base nos requisitos: legibilidade, s?mbolos, caracteres, campo de leitura e espa?amento de linhas. Para tanto, a pesquisa de campo realizada em julho de 2007 e, ampliada em julho de 2011, utilizou um question?rio estruturado na entrevista a 118 consumidores de achocolatados que realizam suas compras em um dos dois supermercados de Floriano-Pi. S?o Jorge e/ou Super Quaresma. Os principais resultados da investiga??o mostram que os aspectos lingu?sticos presentes nos textos informativos do r?tulo atendem parcialmente ?s expectativas dos consumidores, enquanto a considera??o dos requisitos ergon?micos informacionais analisados podem vir a contribuir para o aperfei?oamento das informa??es e consequente melhoria visual destas, no r?tulo de embalagem do achocolatado investigado. Como recomenda??o ? fabricante do produto, o resultado da pesquisa aponta: Harmonizar a propor??o das letras e algarismos; Aumentar o tamanho das letras; Tornar melhor compreensiva a informa??o visual determinada pelos campos de leitura; Colocar a data de validade em local de melhor destaque
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Ali, Israr, and Syed Shahab Ali Shah. "Usability Requirements for GIS Application : Comparative Study of Google Maps on PC and Smartphone." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3082.
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Context: Smartphone is gaining popularity due to its feasible mobility, computing capacity and efficient energy. Emails, text messaging, navigation and visualizing geo-spatial data through browsers are common features of smartphone. Display of geo-spatial data is collected in computing format and made publically available. Therefore the need of usability evaluation becomes important due to its increasing demand. Identifying usability requirements are important as conventional functional requirements in software engineering. Non-functional usability requirements are objectives and testable using measurable metrics. Objectives: Usability evaluation plays an important role in the interaction design process as well as identifying user needs and requirements. Comparative usability requirements are identified for the evaluation of a geographical information system (Google Maps) on personal computer (Laptop) and smartphone (iPhone). Methods: ISO 9241-11 guide on usability is used as an input model for identifying and specifying usability level of Google Maps on both personal computer and smartphone for intended output. Authors set target value for usability requirements of tasks and questionnaire on each device, such as acceptability level of tasks completion, rate of efficiency and participant’s agreement of each measure through ISO 9241-11 respectively. The usability test is conducted using Co-discovery technique on six pairs of graduate students. Interviews are conducted for validation of test results and questionnaires are distributed to get feedback from participants. Results: The non-functional usability requirements were tested and used five metrics measured on user performance and satisfaction. Through usability test, the acceptability level of tasks completion and rate of efficiency was matched on personal computer but did not match on iPhone. Through questionnaire, both the devices did not match participant’s agreement of each measure but only effectiveness matched on personal computer. Usability test, interview and questionnaire feedback are included in the results. Conclusions: The authors provided suggestions based on test results and identified usability issues for the improvement of Google Maps on personal computer and iPhone.+46 (0) 76 55 44 637
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VALIM, ROSA LIDICE DE MORAES. "THE INTEGRATION OF ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS AT SHOES INDUSTRY: A MODEL TO INCREASE THE HEALTHINESS OF PEOPLE WITH DIABETIC FEET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9115@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEsta dissertação apresenta os resultados de pesquisa sobre um modelo para incorporação de requisitos ergonômicos na indústria calçadista em prol da saúde dos diabéticos. Pretende-se que o modelo aqui apresentado beneficie, por extensão, a pacientes atingidos por outras patologias que também geram problemas neuropáticos e vasculares periféricos (pacientes com problemas renais, hipertensos, indivíduos afetados por complicações decorrentes do tabagismo, etc). Através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, formulários e questionários foram obtidas informações junto diferentes grupos envolvidos diretamente com a problemática do Pé Diabético. A análise destes dados demonstrou que grande parte dos modelos de calçados, encontrados nas lojas do Rio de Janeiro, propicia traumas repetitivos aos pés de pessoas com problemas de neuropatia diabética sensitiva nos pés (ou sensibilidade comprometida nos pés por causa do diabetes, que ocorre quando as células nervosas da região deixam de conduzir as informações relativas aos estímulos sensitivos da forma adequada) devido a problemas de projetação/design (palmilha mal projetada, costuras internas salientes ou solados duros demais). E, uma vez que diabéticos tendem a ter lenta cicatrização em virtude de deficiente circulação periférica gerada pela doença, qualquer ferida torna-se mais do que um simples problema passageiro, torna-se um perigo real à saúde. Este estudo revelou-se interdisciplinar, na medida em que seu campo permeou outras áreas do saber para conjugar informações relacionadas à problemática do Pé Diabético. Trabalhou-se aqui com o seguinte problema: diabéticos são prejudicados pela maioria dos calçados produzidos para o mercado brasileiro, que não levam em consideração questões ergonômicas, físicas, ou mesmo cognitivas relacionadas ao diabetes no momento de sua produção.
This dissertation presents the results of a research that lead to a theoretical model proposing the integration of ergonomic requirements at shoes´ industry in order to increase the healthiness of people with diabetic feet. It´s expected that the model here presented benefits, by extension, also patients injured by other pathologies that causes neuropathycs or vascular peripheryc problems: patients with kidney problems, hypertensives, people affected by complications caused by tobacco addiction, etc. Formularies, questionnaires, and semi structured interviews supported the data collection that was done. Different groups were interviewed, all of them directed related with the diabetic feet problem. The data analysis presented evidences that most part of the shoes available in Rio de Janeiro might be able to cause repetitive traumas to neuropathyc feet of diabetic problem (lack of sensibility at the feet, because of the diabetes, happens when nervous stop conducting information related to sensitive stimulation in a healthy way), because of projetation/design (midsoles not well developed, thick internal sews or too hard outsoles). And, once diabetics are predisposed to have deficient peripheryc circulation any wound might become more then just a simple problem, might become a real danger. The study here presented reassured its interdisciplinaryti once extended its exploratory field to other areas with the purpose of merging related information regarding diabetic feet. The following problem guided this research: Diabetics are damaged by most part of the shoes produced for the internal market, because they don´t take in consideration ergonomic, cognitive or physical issues regarding diabetes during production.
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Lundkvist, Andrea. "A Digitized Workflow for Risk and Requirement Management." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279142.
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To ensure the safety for both patients and personnel using medical equipment there are several regulations. The regulations differ between countries and the largest markets are the US and Europe. There are regulations regarding both risk and requirement management and for a digitized signature process. This report shows a way of digitizing parts of the quality management system and workflows that fulfills these requirements, including both an approval process and a requirement hierarchy. For the development of a digitized system several workshops and interviews were performed to understand the workflow used. This to reduce the changes in the new system where the existing processes worked, but at the same time make changes possible where the users noticed problems in the workflow earlier used. The main advantage of a digitized quality management system is that the linking between the different objects are easier to follow which gives a perspicuous traceability. A digitized system can generate reports, e.g. for traceability and requirement without a test, automatically that will decrease the manual work and by that both increase efficiency and reduce the risk of human errors.
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Benini, Maria Júlia da Silva. "Uma agenda de intervenção para a ergonomia da atividade na concepção de sistemas computacionais interativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-08122006-164212/.
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Propõe-se uma agenda de intervenção para a ergonomia da atividade no processo de requisitos de sistemas computacionais interativos centrados no usuário. Esta agenda adotou a abordagem multidisciplinar preconizada em normas internacionais de qualidade de software, como a ISO-13407. O objetivo da agenda é integrar a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho na engenharia de requisitos, abordando a complexidade do ambiente de uso de forma sistemática, e garantir a interoperabilidade com a equipe de desenvolvimento. A agenda é aplicada experimentalmente em um estudo de caso de informatização na área médica, e envolveu o especialista em usuário, especialistas em computação e especialistas na área médica. Os resultados apresentados corroboram para a abordagem multidisciplinar proposta, evidenciando-se em processos de informatização de atividades de trabalho.An agenda for the intervention of the activity ergonomics in the requirements process of interactive computing systems centered in the user is proposed. The agenda adopted a multidiscplinary approach aimed by international software quality standarts, as ISO 13407. The objective of the agenda is to integrate the Ergonomic Analysis of Work in the requirements engineering, approaching complexity of the environment of use, while making possible interoperability with the development team. The agenda is experimentally applied in a case study of automation in the medical field, involving user, computing and medical specialists. Results presented corroborated to the multidisciplinary approach proposed, argued for automation of working activities.
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Bowerman, Julian. "Understanding users in context : an investigation into designers' requirements." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14327.
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In the future, as world markets become more diverse, designers will be increasingly asked to create products for people dissimilar to themselves. Human issues, such as product pleasure, will also become more important as advances in manufacturing (enabling companies to produce high quality goods more cheaply) will mean companies will look elsewhere to achieve a competitive edge. These changes will affect designers who presently work with little or no user information. This thesis investigates the attributes designers need in resources that offer them an immediate yet broad understanding of users. The research presented in the thesis has a philosophical strand and a design strand. In the design strand, two mock up resources and a prototype resource are developed. These creations are used in the philosophical strand: the mock ups are used to provide focus while collecting opinions from participants and the prototype is evaluated at the end of the research as if it were a real resource. The thesis starts with a literature review; this review reveals that designers need to understand users' physical, psychological and social needs as well as their environments if they are to design appropriate products for them. It explains that designers find much ergonomics information too technical and not visual enough and reveals that no tools or methods exist that offer a broad and instant understanding of users at the start of the design process. Following this, the results from a set of interviews and a focus group are presented. These studies reveal that designers want both personal and general user information that is reliable, video based, contextual and authentic. The results also show that designers want a fast, online resource that allows information to be easily tagged, compared and shared. Next, the thesis describes the development of the prototype resource and its examination using a heuristic inspection. This resource is then evaluated by designers. The evaluation reveals that designers perceived that the resource would be of value to the design process and thought that the videos showing people going about their everyday lives and the virtual tours around people's homes would be particularly useful. The thesis concludes that designers want contextual user information presented as easily navigable video in an Internet based resource. In doing so, it provides an original contribution to knowledge.
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Silva, Cesar Alberto. "Safety approach for interiors aviation engineering : design for cabin safety method /." Guaratinguetá, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192783.
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Orientador: Mauro Hugo MathiasResumo: Este trabalho traz para a indústria aeronáutica e para a academia um método para aumentar a aderência de requisitos de segurança de cabine ao produto final da engenharia de interiores de aviões, melhorando a qualidade técnica das soluções e reduzindo ciclos de desenvolvimento para novas configurações de interiores para aviões de transporte de passageiros. A pesquisa analisa os requisitos de aeronavegabilidade de interiores aplicáveis à segurança da cabine, os aspectos de ergonomia envolvidos no design de interiores e a origem da tecnologia de segurança de cabine. É discutido um aspecto de design conhecido como usabilidade e explica por que esse conceito é relevante para o projeto cabines de avião. Também são discutidos fatores humanos, erros humanos na segurança da cabine e conceitos relevantes que projetistas precisam considerar para projetos em segurança de cabine. Considerando os aspectos acima mencionados foi desenvolvido, descrito e aplicado um método denominado Design for Cabin Safety. O método que através de específicos passos objetiva aumentar a aderência de requisitos de aeronavegabilidade aplicáveis à segurança de cabine para projeto de interiores de aviões. Subsequente ao seu desenvolvimento o método foi aplicado em testes práticos em aeronaves reais e com diferentes usuários atestando sua praticidade. Desta forma a hipótese da tese foi explicada e a principal pergunta da tese foi respondida. A pesquisa termina com resultados, discussões e conclusão sobre o desenvo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Tappin, David Charles. "Investigating musculoskeletal disorders in New Zealand meat processing using an industry-level participative ergonomics approach : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Organisational Studies and Ergonomics at Massey University, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1003.
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In New Zealand, the highest incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) is found in meat processing, accounting for over half the injury compensation costs for the sector. This thesis reports on a two-year study of MSD in the New Zealand meat processing industry, with the aims of identifying MSD risk factors and interventions using an industry-level participative ergonomics approach. A review of the literature on occupational musculoskeletal disorders and participatory ergonomics identified gaps in knowledge, notably contextual factors for MSD and a limited scope for participatory ergonomics. The studies described in this thesis contribute to addressing these knowledge gaps. The first stage of the study established a profile of MSD injury data in the industry. Data were collected from four injury data sources for meat processing. A number of priority tasks were identified for beef and sheep processing, based on triangulation of these data, and findings were approved by the industry stakeholders, the Meat Industry Health and Safety Forum (MIHSF). The second stage of the study was the assessment of these tasks in a representative sample of processing plants, with the purpose of identifying risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of MSD, implementation barriers and MSD interventions. The study involved interviews with 237 workers, management, union and safety personnel in 28 meat processing sites. MSD risk factor data were separated into those concerning the high MSD-risk tasks (task-specific), and the wider work system (task-independent). From these data a list of contextual factors was developed which it is proposed may create conditions under which greater exposure to physical and psychosocial factors can occur in meat processing. Some 276 interventions were also identified. The third and final stage of the study involved working with the MIHSF in developing the interventions for use by the industry in reducing MSD risk. MSD intervention ideas were collated, summarised and prioritised. A document containing interventions, implementation barriers and risk factors was developed with the MIHSF and distributed to all levels of the industry. The thesis reflects on the effectiveness of an industry-level participative ergonomics approach to the achievement of the study aims, notably the identification of contextual risk factors and interventions for MSD.
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Barge, Roland A. "The feasibility of using virtual prototyping technologies for product evaluation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16390.
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With the continuous development in computer and communications technology the use of computer aided design in design processes is becoming more commonplace. A wide range of virtual prototyping technologies are currently in development, some of which are commercially viable for use within a product design process. These virtual prototyping technologies range from graphics tablets to haptic devices. With the compression of design cycles the feasibility of using these technologies for product evaluation is becoming an ever more important consideration. This thesis begins by presenting the findings of a comprehensive literature review defining product design with a focus on product evaluation and a discussion of current virtual prototyping technologies. From the literature review it was clear that user involvement in the product evaluation process is critical. The literature review was followed by a series of interconnected studies starting with an investigation into design consultancies' access and use of prototyping technologies and their evaluation methods. Although design consultancies are already using photo-realistic renderings, animations and sometimes 3600 view CAD models for their virtual product evaluations, current virtual prototyping hardware and software is often unsatisfactory for their needs. Some emergent technologies such as haptic interfaces are currently not commonly used in industry. This study was followed by an investigation into users' psychological acceptance and physiological discomfort when using a variety of virtual prototyping tools for product evaluation compared with using physical prototypes, ranging from on-screen photo-realistic renderings to 3D 3600 view models developed using a range of design software. The third study then went on to explore the feasibility of using these virtual prototyping tools and the effect on product preference when compared to using physical prototypes. The forth study looked at the designer's requirements for current and future virtual prototyping tools, design tools and evaluation methods. In the final chapters of the thesis the relative strengths and weaknesses of these technologies were re-evaluated and a definitive set of user requirements based on the documentary evidence of the previous studies was produced. This was followed by the development of a speculative series of scenarios for the next generation of virtual prototyping technologies ranging from improvements to existing technologies through to blue sky concepts. These scenarios were then evaluated by designers and consumers to produce documentary evidence and recommendations for preferred and suitable combinations of virtual prototyping technologies. Such hardware and software will require a user interface that is intuitive, simple, easy to use and suitable for both the designers who create the virtual prototypes and the consumers who evaluate them.
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Ganta, Sathvik. "A Framework to Incorporate Industry 4.0 into SME to Enhance Resource Planning." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-47421.
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Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have grown steadily in recent years. SMEs generate 59.7 % of value-added and 65.5 % of employment in the ‘non-financial business economy’ in Sweden. It's important for the success of SMEs to be ready to provide high product availability to customers at minimal operation costs. The challenges faced by SMEs are tougher in global competition. There is a rapid growth in the industrial revolution to deal with the challenges as well as competition. This work mainly focuses on implementing resource planning (RP) and adapting to the latest technologies of Industry 4.0 into SMEs to face the challenges. But incorporating Industry 4.0 in a major struggle in the SMEs. The thesis provides a view of Resource Planning implementation. The authors describe the resource planning implementation techniques and define the requirements for its successful implementation. Resource Planning (RP) adoption factors have been studied quite extensively over the years. However, this master thesis tries to investigate the less explored area of resource planning. Relatively a smaller amount of research has been conducted, when it comes to implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies especially in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Industry 4.0 provides new paradigms for the industrial management of SMEs. Supported by a growing number of new technologies, this concept appears more flexible and less expensive than traditional enterprise information systems. This paper presents a literature review of existing applied research covering different Industry 4.0 issues about SMEs. Furthermore, the analysis is done to understand the correlation between the identified factors of Industry 4.0 technologies. The research findings indicate that the use of IoT and Cloud computing are major advantages for resource planning in an SME. The results from the analysis are presented in a framework designed for the future adaptation of these technologies. Despite the research limitations, the findings show a high advantage. Finally, the author suggests a future scope of research.
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"The integration of ergonomic requirements at shoes industry: a model to increase the healthiness of people with diabetic feet." Tese, MAXWELL, 2006. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=9115:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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Lu, Yun-Yen, and 呂昀諺. "The Survey of Specific Requirements to Access Public Facilities and the Ergonomic Evaluation of Tactile Symbols for the Visually Impaired People." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86179384088338139640.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
90
Abstract Tactile maps, one of the navigation aids for visually impaired people, are quite helpful to the visually impaired in terms of orientation and mobility. There are many foreign literatures on tactile symbols and maps so far, however, there are few facilities as well as studies in Taiwan. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to explore the visually impaired people's demand for public facilities and to test and then evaluate their reaction to tactile symbols as well. Through a questionnaire survey to some visually impaired communities, this study researches into the visually impaired's demand for public facilities. The survey based on forty-six effective cases shows that hospitals, bus stops, railway stations, post offices and parks are more essential public facilities to the visually impaired. Besides, the locations they like to identify in such facilities are also included in this survey. As for the experiment on tactile symbols, the senior and junior high school students at National Taichung School for the Visually Impaired are tested in two phases. In the first phase of the experiment, seventy-nine students are required to touch individually ten sets of areal symbols, each containing five graphs. After analyzing the subjects' reaction by way of the confusion matrix, ten best symbols are found then. In the second phase, the ten areal symbols obtained before and ten line symbols obtained from other researches are shown to seventy-seven subjects in order to explore at which symbols they are confused easilier. Thus, the survey of the visually impaired people's demand for public facilities and the experiment of their reflection upon tactile symbols are analyzed in this study. This result may act as a reference when the authorities of our country are designing tactile maps for the visually impaired in the future.
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Scuffham, Andrew Mark. "Musculoskeletal discomfort in veterinarians : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Ergonomics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1274.
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Content removed due to copyright restrictions: Appendix 6: Paper presented at the 15th New Zealand Ergonomics Society Conference: Ergonomics for the Ageing Population, Martinborough. Scuffham, A., Stevenson, M., Legg, S. & Firth, E. Prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand small animal veterinarians. In: 15th New Zealand Ergonomics Society Conference: Ergonomics for the Ageing Population. Eds R. G. Adank & L. Gardner Wood. Martinborough, New Zealand Ergonomics Society. 27-28 May, 2009, [CD-ROM]. Appendix 7: Paper presented at the Society of Diary Cattle Veterinarians of the New Zealand Veterinary Association 26th annual conference, Rotorua. Scuffham, A., Firth, E., Stevenson, M., & Legg, S. Musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand large animal veterinarians. In: Proceedings of the Society of Dairy Cattle Veterinarians of the New Zealand Veterinary Association 26th annual conference. Ed. T. Parkinson. VetLearn, Palmerston North. 24-27 June 2009, pg 201-204. Appendix 8: Paper presented at the New Zealand Equine Veterinary Association Annual Conference, Taupo. Scuffham, A., Firth, E., Stevenson, M. & Legg, S. Musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand equine veterinarians. In: Proceedings of the New Zealand Equine Veterinary Association of the NZVA Annual Conference. Ed. M Leyland. VetLearn, Palmerston North. 24-27 June 2009, pg 163. Appendix 9: Paper presented at the 17th International Ergonomics Association World Congress on Ergonomics, Beijing. Musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand (non-clinical) veterinarians. Scuffham, A., Legg, S., Stevenson, M. & Firth, E. (9-14 August, 2009). [CD-ROM]This thesis comprises three chapters about musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) in veterinarians. Two of these chapters have been submitted to peer reviewed journals and one is in preparation for submission. The first chapter describes the prevalence and risk factors associated with MSD in New Zealand veterinarians. The second chapter is a paper on the tasks considered by veterinarians to cause MSD. The third chapter is a review of published literature on musculoskeletal problems (MSP) in veterinarians. The first chapter in this thesis describes a cross-sectional study of 867 New Zealand veterinarians. We used a modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire to enquire about the presence or absence of MSD, whether this affected normal activities and if MSD necessitated absenteeism from work. Additional questions enquired about work activities, psychosocial factors and workload. The overall period prevalence of MSD was 96%. Normal activities were affected in 67% and 18% of participants reported that they had been absent from work due to MSD. Factors associated with the presence of MSD requiring time off work for clinical veterinarians included 10 year increases in age (odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.52), work involving awkward grip and hand movements 100% of time (OR 12.91, 95% CI 3.46 – 84.21) and those who were dissatisfied with the level and difficulty of their work (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.11 - 6.56). In the second chapter in this thesis, veterinarians were asked to indicate tasks that they considered ‘most likely to lead to musculoskeletal aches and pains’ and ‘why these tasks were likely to be the most risky’. They were also asked to suggest ‘any solutions that they applied or knew of’ to reduce musculoskeletal aches and pains. They identified the following tasks: lifting, surgery, rectal palpations and animal handling. Their reasons were primarily related to physical risk factors. Few identified psychosocial risk factors. The most common suggested solutions involved training and selection strategies rather than redesign of tasks, activities or facilities. These findings are consistent with a participatory ergonomics approach for reducing the risk of MSD, which aims to enhance personal well-being and improved system performance. The third chapter in this thesis - a review of the literature - focuses on the prevalence and nature (discomfort, pain, injury and disorders) of MSP amongst veterinarians. Veterinarians are exposed to a range of physical and psychosocial occupational hazards that have been well documented and associated with MSP. The range of reported prevalence estimates in this review was 50% to 96%. This range may reflect real differences among the veterinary populations studied, or more likely be due to differences in MSP definitions, study methodologies, and response rates. The magnitude of the reported prevalence justifies further research to triangulate data and determine other factors associated with MSD. Most of the studies in the review focused on physical risk factors. The lack of studies into psychosocial risk factors for MSP needs to be addressed.
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Mackie, Hamish William. "Schoolbag carriage : design, adjustment, carriage duration and weight : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ergonomics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1478.
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There is anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that schoolbag carriage is associated with musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) and possibly long-term back pain. Thus schoolbag carriage is an area of concern for students, parents and both education and health professionals. A schoolbag weight limit of 10% of body weight (BW) is currently recommended. However, it is based on subjective observations rather than objective findings and does not consider other aspects of schoolbag carriage such as schoolbag design and adjustment or carriage patterns. Five studies were conducted in order to determine the effects on students' responses to schoolbag carriage of schoolbag design, adjustment, carriage duration and weight. Backpack design had a significant effect on reported musculoskeletal discomfort and choice of backpack. Schoolbag hip-belt and shoulder strap adjustment and weight significantly affected shoulder strap tension forces and shoulder interface pressure in simulated schoolbag carriage. Using activity monitoring, school students were found to spend approximately two hours carrying their schoolbags each day. This usually comprised 11-15 times per day of 8-9 minutes of carriage. Using this temporal pattern information, 16 boys (13-14 years) were exposed to a simulated school day using schoolbags weighing 0, 5, 10, 12.5 and 15% BW and an additional condition of 10% BW with tighter shoulder straps. Posture, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), muscular strain and reported ability to walk and balance were significantly affected when schoolbag load reached 10% BW. However, despite these findings, the magnitude of self reported muscular strain and MSD suggested that 15% BW may be too heavy for school students. Thus, 10% BW may be an appropriate upper schoolbag weight limit for a typical school day. Using a psychophysical approach the mean (standard deviation) maximum acceptable schoolbag weight (MASW) selected by 16 school boys (13-14 years) was 10.4(3.8) %BW. This finding agrees with the findings of the previous study and supports the current schoolbag weight recommendation of 10% BW. The results of the five studies can be used in developing schoolbag carrying guidelines to help reduce the prevalence of MSD amongst school students.
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Parker, Richard John. "Technological advances in the analysis of work in dangerous environments : tree felling and rural fire fighting : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management and Ergonomics at Massey University, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1709.
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Ergonomists have always been interested in studying work and especially the safety aspects of work. Studying work in dangerous situations is an area that presents particular challenges to the researcher and potentially to the worker. The objective of this study was to explore the use of new technologies in facilitating the field study of people engaged in dangerous work situations without disrupting the work or adding to the danger. This was achieved through the investigation of work activity in dangerous environments: tree felling and rural fire fighting. The two case studies formed the basis for an investigation into three aspects of work: first, to record, measure and understand the work (including physiological workload) of people engaged in dangerous occupations; second, to understand how hazards were identified and dealt with by individuals working in extreme conditions and third, to gain insight into hazardous work environments for the purpose of enhancing training for personnel working in dangerous conditions. An innovative suite of equipment was developed for the study, enabling data collection that did not disturb or inhibit the individual working in dangerous, and sometimes extreme, conditions. The results of the study have shown that, through triangulation of novel combinations of recording instrumentation and video-cued reflective interview, we can gain rich interpretative insights into the working world of the tree faller and rural fire fighter and understand how they manage the hazards they confront in their work. This in turn enables us to develop practices designed to minimise or avoid physical risk to the worker, Furthermore, the annotated video collected in the forests and at fires can be utilised as an authentic resource for training of both workers and trainers. My study has highlighted the value of, and need for, research that is situated in real work environments, and that captures the multidimensionality of workers’ activities without impeding or altering their behaviour.
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Rocha, Ana Sofia Gonçalves. "Condições de trabalho e os efeitos na saúde no núcleo de infância e juventude : uma análise por equipas de intervenção no território Porto-Gaia." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/9289.
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As condições de trabalho e como estas influenciam a saúde e o bem-estar dos trabalhadores, bem como a produtividade, têm sido alvo de um interesse crescente por parte da comunidade científica e civil.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo caraterizar as condições de trabalho e os efeitos na saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores do Núcleo de Infância e Juventude da Unidade de Desenvolvimento Social do Centro Distrital do Porto. Assim, ancorado na abordagem da psicologia ergonómica, procurou-se identificar quais as exigências e constrangimentos do trabalho neste setor de atividade e os efeitos na saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores. O estudo contemplou verbalizações dos participantes e observações do contexto real do trabalho, que enriqueceram os dados obtidos pela aplicação do INSAT 2010 (Inquérito Saúde e Trabalho), permitindo uma análise mais compreensiva. Os resultados obtidos correspondem a uma amostra de 58 trabalhadores do território Porto-Gaia. Neste estudo identificou-se exigências e constrangimentos a nível do ambiente físico, organização e ritmo de trabalho e como estes afetam e condicionam a saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores.Working conditions and how these influence the health and well-being of workers, as well as productivity, have been the target of a growing interest on the part of the scientific community and civil. The present study aims to feature the working conditions and the effects on the health and welfare of workers of the childhood and youth of the Social Development Unit of the district center of Porto. Thus, anchored in ergonomic psychology approach, we tried to identify the requirements and constraints of work in this sector of activity and the effects on the health and welfare of workers. The study included verbalizations of participants and observations of the real context of work, which enriched the data obtained by the application of INSAT 2010 (Survey health and work), enabling a more comprehensive analysis. The results correspond to a sample of 58 workers from the territory Porto-Gaia. This study identified requirements and constraints at the level of the physical environment, organization and work rate and how these affect and influence the health and well-being of workers.