Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ergot

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ergot'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ergot"

1

Schwarz, P. B., S. M. Neate, and G. E. Rottinghaus. "Widespread Occurrence of Ergot in Upper Midwestern U.S. Barley, 2005." Plant Disease 90, no. 4 (2006): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0527c.

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Ergot, caused by Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul., occurs every year on cereals and grasses in North Dakota, but the occurrence on barley (Hordeum vugare L) is generally sporadic with a very low incidence of sclerotia. Disease surveys conducted during the 2005 growing season revealed an unusually widespread occurrence. This is of concern since barley production in North Dakota was estimated at 1.25 million metric tons, 27% of the total 2005 U.S. production. Barley samples (n = 304, ~0.50 kg) collected in all crop-reporting districts of North Dakota, northwestern Minnesota, and northeastern Montana, as part of an annual regional survey of barley crop quality (4), were examined for sclerotia. All barley samples were cleaned for dockage, and ergot (% [w/w]) was estimated on subsamples of ~100 g from a sample divider. Of all barley samples collected, 62% contained ergots. The regional average for ergot infested kernels was 0.06%, and samples ranged from <0.01 to 1.19%. Approximately 15% of all samples were in excess of 0.10% ergots and would have been downgraded to ergoty barley under the Official United States Standards for Grain. Occurrence of ergot was most common in northwestern Minnesota and the three eastern and north-central districts of North Dakota. Ergot was less frequent in the south-central and three western districts of North Dakota and was not detected in samples from northeastern Montana. Floret infection occurs during and up to 15 days after anthesis (2), and in the three eastern and north-central districts of North Dakota that occurred around the last week in June and first week in July. Between 22 June and 4 July, the North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network Stations in that region recorded average daily temperatures of 99% of the 30-year norm, but multiple precipitation events amounted to 227% of the 30-year norm. Rain splash and associated high relative humidity favor conidiation and spread of the fungus (1) and may have contributed to the high disease incidence. Average sclerotia weight for a sample ranged from <10 to 70 mg. However, large sclerotia (37 to 180 mg) often were removed by the no. 6 riddle of the dockage tester and were not counted in the ergot estimates as per U.S. Grading Standards. Samples containing 1.19, 0.81, 0.22, 0.14, 0.05, and 0.02% ergots were analyzed for ergopeptine alkaloids (3). These were found to contain 27.9, 25.4, 2.4, 1.1, 1.7, and 5.7 μg/g ergopeptine alkaloids, respectively. The average ratio of ergosine/ergotamine/ergocornine/ergocryptine/ergocristine was approximately 1:2:2:3:9. There also was widespread occurrence of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on North Dakota barley in 2005. While there was no apparent relationship between the level of the DON and the amount of ergot in the samples (r = 0.042), more than 90% of samples with ergot had detectable levels (0.1 to 69 μg/g) of DON. While only DON is routinely measured in the crop survey (4), other tricothecenes and zearalenone have also been detected. This should be of concern to livestock producers and grain processors since the potential interactions of multiple mycotoxins are not well known. References: (1) G. M. Marshall. Ann. Appl. Biol. 48:19, 1960. (2) S. B. Puranik and D. E. Mathre. Phytopathology 61:1075, 1971. (3) G. E. Rottinghaus et al. J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 5:242 1993. (4) P. B. Schwarz et al. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 64:1, 2006.
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Scott, P. "Ergot alkaloids: extent of human and animal exposure." World Mycotoxin Journal 2, no. 2 (2009): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1109.

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Ergot alkaloids are formed by Claviceps spp. on grains and grasses and by fungal endophytes such as Neotyphodium spp. in grasses, notably tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Ergots from grains and grasses show a wide variation in alkaloid composition. The main ergot alkaloids are pharmacologically active lysergic acid derivatives – e.g. ergometrine (ergonovine), ergotamine, ergosine, ergocornine, α-ergocryptine, ergocristine, and ergovaline; derivatives of isolysergic acid, e.g. ergotaminine; and clavine alkaloids, e.g. agroclavine. Other structurally unrelated toxic alkaloids such as lolitrems are formed by fungal endophytes in grasses. The present review focuses more on how man and animals are exposed to ergot alkaloids than on toxicology and methods of analysis. Ergot poisoning in humans, well known in the Middle Ages, can be of two types: convulsive ergotism and gangrenous ergotism. Since the beginning of the last century there have been outbreaks in Russia, England, India, France and Ethiopia. The principal route of human exposure to ergot alkaloids is by consumption of contaminated food; another route is inhalation of grain dust. Toxicoses in animals due to ergot alkaloids are more common, particularly poisoning of livestock grazing on endophyte infected grasses. Analyses in Canada, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark found ergot alkaloids in human foods such as wheat and rye flours, bread, and other grain foods, often at levels greater than 1000 µg/kg. Processing studies have confirmed that the alkaloids survive baking; they also remain to some extent after brewing of beer. There is little evidence for carryover of ergot alkaloids into animal tissue and milk. As an indication of the importance of controlling ergot for the health of animals and people, Canada, the European Union, Switzerland, USA, Japan, Australia and New Zealand have regulations for ergot in grains but only Uruguay and Canada have regulations for the actual ergot alkaloids in feed.
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Blaney, B. J., R. Maryam, S.-A. Murray, and M. J. Ryley. "Alkaloids of the sorghum ergot pathogen (Claviceps africana): assay methods for grain and feed and variation between sclerotia/sphacelia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 2 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02095.

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Assay methods for the alkaloids of sorghum ergot (Claviceps africana) are described and compared. Sorghum ergot bodies (sclerotia/sphacelia) from various regions of Queensland and New South Wales were collected in 1997 and 2001 and assayed by spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All contained dihydroergosine (DHES) as the main alkaloid component (about 80%), with smaller amounts of dihydroelymoclavine and festuclavine. The preferred method of assay for infected sorghum and mixed feeds involved extraction into dichloromethane:methanol:ethyl acetate:ammonium hydroxide (50:5:25:1) using an ultrasonic bath. After solvent removal, the extract was dissolved in diethyl ether and partitioned into 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. After adjusting the pH to 8–10 with ammonium hydroxide, the alkaloids were extracted into dichloromethane, the solvent evaporated, and the residue dissolved in methanol. HPLC separation was on a C18 column, 150 × 3.9 mm, run isocratically at 40�C, with acetonitrile:0.1% ammonium acetate:methanol (31:50:20) as the mobile phase. Detection was either by UV at 280 nm or by fluorescence with excitation at 235 nm and absorbance at 340 nm. Levels of quantitation for DHES in sorghum approached 0.1 mg/kg (UV) and 0.01 mg/kg (fluorescence). Method recoveries for DHES in the range of 0.025–7 mg/kg averaged 75%. The total alkaloid content of ergot bodies (sclerotia/sphacelia) from different batches of grain varied from 100 to 7900 mg/kg (0.79%). Within batches, there was much less variation in the alkaloid content of ergot bodies, but larger ergots tended to contain more alkaloid than smaller ergots, and those infected with Cerebella species contained even less; this probably related to the ratio of sclerotial/sphacelial tissue present. Honeydew also contained DHES (1–10 mg/kg) and might contaminate clean grain at significant levels. Tests on 4 farms showed that substantial amounts of ergot bodies and alkaloids were removed during grain harvesting.
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Solomons, Richard N., Jack W. Oliver, and Robert D. Linnabary. "Reactivity of dorsal pedal vein of cattle to selected alkaloids associated with Acremonium coenophlalum- infected fescue grass." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 2 (1989): 235–38. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.02.235.

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SUMMARY We determined the vasoconstrictive effects of selected ergot alkaloids, and a sample containing loline and its derivative alkaloids, on the isolated dorsal pedal vein of cattle, as a model system to study one of the toxic effects that result from cattle ingesting fescue forage infected with the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum. The ergot compounds ergotamine, ergosine, and agroclavine constricted this peripheral vein of cattle, but much less so than did the α-adrenergic agonist norepinephrine, which supports the ergots acting as partial agonists for these receptors. However, the sample of loline and loline- derivative alkaloids did not affect the dorsal pedal vein when given at concentrations similar to those of the ergot compounds. Loline and loline-derivative alkaloid sample at high concentrations partially inhibited norepinphrine-elicited vascular contraction, an effect that appeared to be unrelated to α-adrenoceptor activity. Thus, in the dorsal pedal vein model in cattle, the ergopeptide alkaloids were more venoconstrictive than were loline and its derivative alkaloids.
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SG Borkar. "Ergot alkaloids as pharmaceuticals: Status and prospects of commercial cultivation of ergot crop for natural alkaloids." Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy 10, no. 2 (2023): 080–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0083.

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Ergot is a plant disease symptom induced by a fungal pathogen of the genus Claviceps in grains of cereal crops, wherein the ergot alkaloids are produced in the cereal grains which are transformed into ergot sclerotia. The natural occurrence of ergot grains in cereal crops is dependent on the environmental factors conducive to ergot development. Under natural fungal infection, the ergot percent varies from 1.2 to 3.3 in the infected crops which hamper the yield or recovery of natural ergot alkaloids. Ergot alkaloids are specific pharmaceutical alkaloids used to treat certain ailments like migraines, induction of childbirth, and the control of postpartum bleeding in humans. Ergot sclerotia contain about 0.15% to 0.5% alkaloids, with medicinally useful compounds. Annual world production of ergot alkaloids has been estimated at 5,000-8,000 kg of all ergopeptines (peptide ergot alkaloids) and 10,000-15,000 kg of lysergic acid, the latter being mainly used in the manufacture of semisynthetic derivatives. The greater part of this production occurs as a result of fermentation (around 60%) while field cultivation of triticale (a hybrid of wheat and rye) accounts for the balance. This is because the artificial cultivation of ergot sclerotia on a host crop plant is lacking as a business module. Due to the low recovery of ergot grains and ergot alkaloids under natural crop production conditions, commercial cultivation for ergot grains is discussed in this paper.
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Bryła, M., E. Ksieniewicz-Woźniak, G. Podolska, A. Waśkiewicz, K. Szymczyk, and R. Jędrzejczak. "Occurrence of ergot and its alkaloids in winter rye harvested in Poland." World Mycotoxin Journal 11, no. 4 (2018): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2322.

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Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) is a fungal pathogen that infects various grass and small grain cereal species, most often open-pollinated grasses, including rye and triticale. We tested 122 samples of rye grains harvested in three different regions of Poland in 2016 and 2017 for ergot and its alkaloids. Ergot sclerotia were found in all samples. The mean content of ergot sclerotia in grain ranged between 0.74 and 1.06 g/kg, and the mean concentration of ergot alkaloids in grain ranged between 270.1 and 580. 4 μg/kg, depending on the region of cultivation. 37% of the samples were infected with ergot below the 0.5 g/kg level set by the European Commission as the maximum permissible level for ergot, and in those samples the mean ergot alkaloids concentration was 155.8 μg/kg (range 4.7-667.9 μg/kg). A statistically significant correlation (R2=0.6941) between ergot content and concentration of ergot alkaloids was found. Ergot alkaloids concentration in grain was re-calculated into ergot alkaloids concentration in sclerotia, and was found to vary widely from 114 to 3,167 mg/kg. Ergot alkaloids profiles were most frequently dominated by R-configured ergopeptides, such as ergocryptine, ergocornine and ergocristine (31, 29 and 16% of the samples, respectively).
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Baker, Ian. "Ergot." In Practice 17, no. 7 (1995): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.17.7.317.

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ROTTER, R. G., R. R. MARQUARDT, and G. H. CROW. "A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF INCREASING DIETARY CONCENTRATIONS OF WHEAT ERGOT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LEGHORN AND BROILER CHICKS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 4 (1985): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-113.

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The effects of increasing concentrations of dietary wheat ergot (0.308% total alkaloids) on the performance of growing male Single Comb White Leghorn and commercial broiler chicks was studied in two experiments. As the concentration of ergot increased from 1 to 8% in the diet, there was a progressive decrease in the performance of both strains of chicks relative to birds given the control diets that contained no ergot. The broiler chicks were slightly more sensitive than the Leghorn chicks to the effects of ergot. In general, however, after 3 and 4 wk of exposure, birds which consumed 1% dietary ergot had an approximately 10% lower relative weight gain than the control birds, whereas those exposed to 8% ergot had an 80% lower relative weight gain. During the first 2 wk of both experiments, there was a progressive decrease in relative weight gain in all dietary ergot concentrations, with the exception of the 1% ergot diet. After 2 wk, feed consumption and weight gain of birds consuming the intermediate concentrations of ergot (2–5%) stabilized or tended to increase slightly relative to the controls. Mortality was low on diets containing up to 3% dietary ergot but above this concentration there was a dramatic and progressive increase in deaths with increasing ergot concentrations. Key words: Ergot, Leghorn, broiler, chick, feed consumption, growth, short-term exposure
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McLaren, N. W., and B. C. Flett. "Use of Weather Variables to Quantify Sorghum Ergot Potential in South Africa." Plant Disease 82, no. 1 (1998): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.1.26.

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Quantification of resistance to ergot requires that the observed ergot severity within a sorghum line be compared with expected ergot severity (ergot potential) to compensate for differences in environmental favorability for the disease among flowering dates and seasons. The ergot potential required to induce the onset of disease is referred to as the ergot breakdown point of that line. In earlier studies, the ergot potential of a specific flowering date was defined as the mean ergot severity in all sorghum heads over all lines in the nursery which commenced flowering on that date in a genetically broad-based sorghum nursery. In this study, results of field trials enabled accurate prediction of ergot potential by using a multiple regression analysis which included three weather variables—namely, pre-flowering minimum temperature (mean of days 23 to 27 pre-flowering), mean daily maximum temperature, and mean daily maximum relative humidity (mean of days 1 to 5 post-flowering; R2 = 0.90; P = 0.91E-5). Evaluation of predicted and observed ergot severity in an independent data set gave an index of agreement of d = 0.94 and R2 = 0.84 (P = 0.106E-4), showing that ergot severity, assuming the presence of viable inoculum, can be accurately predicted. Low pre-flowering minimum temperature was associated with reduced pollen viability, which appeared to be the primary factor predisposing lines to ergot.
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ROTTER, R. G., R. R. MARQUARDT, and J. C. YOUNG. "THE ABILITY OF GROWING CHICKS TO RECOVER FROM SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO DIETARY WHEAT ERGOT AND THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL TREATMENTS ON ERGOT TOXICITY." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 4 (1985): 975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-114.

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Three experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of growing Leghorn chicks to recover from short-term exposure to dietary ergot and the efficacy of three methods used to reduce the toxicity of ingested ergot. Chicks, 32 days of age, previously fed up to 2% (wt/wt) of a wheat-ergot (0.31% total alkaloids) contaminated diet, demonstrated a significant (P < 0.0001) ability to recover from the effects of the ergot when given an ergot-free diet as indicated by improved performance (increased relative feed consumption and weight gain and decreased feed to gain ratio) (exp. I). In the second experiment, ergot was pretreated with chlorine gas for 15, 30 or 60 min or heated at 200 °C for 10, 15, 20 or 30 min in an attempt to reduce the toxic effect of the ground ergot sclerotia. When the treated ergot samples were fed to 7-day-old male Leghorn chicks at a dietary concentration of 4% (wt/wt), the chlorine gas treatments for 30 and 60 min and heat treatment for 30 min reduced the effects of ergot on chick performance to values equivalent to those obtained for a diet that contained 2% untreated ergot (wt/wt). Less, but still significant (P < 0.05) decreases were also observed with the other treatments. The third study tested a commercial mycotoxin antitoxicant, Antitox Vana (polyvinyl polypyrrolidone), which was added to the diet at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8% (wt/wt) in combination with ergot at concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 4% (wt/wt). At the concentrations tested, Antitox Vana was not able to counteract the appetite and growth depressing effects of ergot (P > 0.51). These results demonstrate that although the use of Antitox Vana may be ineffective against ergot, chlorine gas or heat treatment of ground ergot can, under proper conditions, effectively reduce the toxic effect of ergot. Such treatments could be used to counter the effect of ergot in contaminated grain when fed to growing chicks. Key words: Ergot, alkaloids, treatments, growing chicks, recovery, Antitox Vana, chlorine gas, heat
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ergot"

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Frederickson, Debra E. "Ergot disease of sorghum." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46301.

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Sharpe, David Anthony. "Synthetic studies towards ergot alkaloids." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1989. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20353/.

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Some of the background to the biosynthesis, synthesis and uses of ergot alkaloids has been reviewed. A novel synthesis of the indole system has been used in an attempt to synthesise a derivative of the tricyclic Uhles ketone. A variation on this method has been carried out using 3-indole propionic acid as the starting material. The novel synthesis of the indole ring system has been developed into a synthesis of a 4-substituted indole. A number of literature methods for the synthesis of 4-substituted indoles have been investigated, and their usefulness in the laboratory assessed. A modified Reissert synthesis has been carried out, along with a Batcho-Leimgruber synthesis. Also the use of a thallium based method and palladium catalysed carbon-carbon bond formation have been investigated. A novel synthesis of p-benzoquinones has been discovered, by oxidation of aromatic sulphonamides. This method has not been optimised but low to moderate yields of quinones have been achieved. This method was used in an attempt to synthesise o-benzoquinones, but was found to be unsuitable. A novel synthesis of aromatic thiol esters has been developed starting from simple substituted benzaldehydes esters and methylmethylthiomethylsulphoxide. The resulting ketene thioacetal monosulphoxide was treated under the same conditions as those used in the novel indole synthesis. High yields of thiolesters were obtained.
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Sedlock, Andrea B. "Ergot alkaloids and herbivory in model animals and variation in an ergot alkaloid biosynthesis gene." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3190.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 62 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical reference.
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Van, der Linde Ella Johanna. "Ergot of nut sedge in South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08042008-081413/.

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Coufal-Majewski, Stephanie. "Characterising the impact of ergot alkaloids on digestibility and growth performance of lambs." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17226.

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The negative impacts of ergot contamination of grain on the health of humans and animals were first documented during the fifth century AD. Although ergotism is now rare in humans, cleaning contaminated grain concentrates ergot bodies in screenings which are used as livestock feed. Ergot is found worldwide, with even low concentrations of alkaloids in the diet (<100 ppb total), reducing the growth efficiency of livestock. Extended periods of increased moisture and cold during flowering promote the development of ergot in cereal crops. Furthermore, the unpredictability of climate change may have detrimental impacts to important cereal crops, such as wheat, barley, and rye, favoring ergot production. Allowable limits for ergot in livestock feed are confusing as they may be determined by proportions of ergot bodies or by total levels of alkaloids, measurements that may differ widely in their estimation of toxicity. The proportion of individual alkaloids, including ergotamine, ergocristine, ergosine, ergocornine, and ergocryptine is extremely variable within ergot bodies and the relative toxicity of these alkaloids has yet to be determined. This raises concerns that current recommendations on safe levels of ergot in feeds may be unreliable. Furthermore, the total ergot alkaloid content is greatly dependent on the geographic region, harvest year, cereal species, variety and genotype and can vary greatly depending on the chosen analytical method. Considerable animal-to-animal variation in the ability of the liver to detoxify ergot alkaloids also exists and the impacts of factors, such as pelleting of feeds or use of binders to reduce bioavailability of alkaloids require study. Accordingly, unknowns greatly outnumber the knowns for cereal ergot and further study to help better define allowable limits for livestock would be welcome.
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Bhuiyan, Shamsul Arafin. "The biology and control of ergot (Claviceps africana)in sorghum /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16279.pdf.

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Parh, Dipal Kumar. "DNA-based markers for ergot resistance in sorghum /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18630.pdf.

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Barbey, Sabine. "A novel approach to the ergot alkaloid skeleton." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294855.

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Machado, Caroline. "STUDIES OF ERGOT ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS GENES IN CLAVICIPITACEOUS FUNGI." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/433.

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Neotyphodium species, endophytic fungi associated with cool-season grasses, enhance host fitness and stress tolerance, but also produce biologically active alkaloids including ergot alkaloids associated with fescue toxicosis in grazing animals. One approach to reduce fescue toxicosis is to manipulate genes in the ergot alkaloid pathway. The gene, dmaW, encoding the first pathway-specific step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, was cloned previously from Claviceps spp. and its function was demonstrated by expression in yeast. Putative homologs have been cloned from Neotyphodium coenophialum (from tall fescue) and Neotyphodium sp. Lp1 (from perennial ryegrass). In order to confirm the function of dmaW in ergot alkaloid production, dmaW in Neotyphodium sp. isolate Lp1 was knocked out by gene replacement. The dmaW knockout mutant produced no detectable ergovaline or simpler ergot alkaloids. Complementation with Claviceps fusiformis dmaW restored ergovaline production. These results confirmed that the cloned endophyte gene was dmaW, and represented the first genetic experiments to show the requirement of dmaW for ergot alkaloid biosynthesis. Neotyphodium coenophialum, endophyte of the grass tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) has two homologs of dmaW. Considering the possible field applications in future, the Cre/lox site-specific recombination system was chosen because of the potential to sequentially knock out both homologs and obtain marker-free dmaW mutants of N. coenophialum. One homolog, dmaW-2, was disrupted by marker exchange, and the marker was eliminated by Cre, thus demonstrating the application of Cre/lox system in N. coenophialum to eliminate a marker gene. The dmaW-2 knockout did not eliminate ergovaline production, indicating that the dmaW-1 was probably also active in N. coenophialum. A putative ergot alkaloid biosynthesis gene cluster was identified in Claviceps purpurea and C. fusiformis. C. purpurea and C. fusiformis produce different subsets of ergot alkaloids. Identification of nine common genes between them suggests the possible role of these genes in the early part of the ergot alkaloid biosynthetic pathway.
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Mateo, Moncada Rafael Arturo. "Evaluation and heritability of ergot resistance derived from sorghum germplasm IS8525." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/206.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is fifth among the major cereal crops in the world in terms of production area and total production. Grain sorghum can be successfully produced in a wide range of environments, its productivity is severely limited by pathogens, insects and abiotic stresses. One of these pathogens is Claviceps africana Frederickson Mantle & de Milliano, commonly known as ergot. As is the case with many sorghum diseases, the best long term approach to control ergot may be the use of genetic resistance. There is limited information about resistance to C. africana in sorghum, and the reported resistance in most lines is fertility-based. Dahlberg (1999) first reported the line IS8525 to have the most tolerance to ergot of any of the accessions screened in Puerto Rico. The specific objectives of this research are: (1) to confirm the presence of C. africana resistance in IS8525 germplasm, (2) to determine if the resistance in IS8525 is pollen mediated or ovule based, and (3) to determine if the resistance in IS8525 is heritable and stable across environments. Ergot vulnerability ratings were determined for two recombinant inbred line populations, IS8525D and IS8525J, in four locations during 2001. Also, ergot vulnerability ratings were evaluated in four test-cross populations (using as testers A3Tx623 and A3Tx623) in two locations. Evaluations of the original parents indicate that ergot tolerance in IS8525D parent was consistently better than that in IS8525J parent. As expected, neither parent provided complete resistance. The IS8525J recombinant inbred line population showed significantly more ergot susceptibility than the IS8525D recombinant inbred line population and this trend was consistent across environments. Variation for ergot vulnerability amo ng recombinant inbred lines for both populations was detected, but the amount of variability was environment dependent. In the testcross hybrids, all four populations were susceptible to ergot, primarily due to male sterility in the hybrids, confirming that the tolerance shown in IS8525 germplasm is mostly pollen mediated. However, a greater level of tolerance in the IS8525 hybrid checks confirmed the reports of tolerance by Dahlberg et al. (1998) and Reed et al. (2002).
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Books on the topic "Ergot"

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editor, Harkham Sammy, and Buenaventura Alvin assistant editor, eds. Kramers ergot. Buenaventura Press & Avodah Books, 2006.

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Sammy, Harkham, ed. Kramer's ergot 5. Gingko Press, 2004.

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Sammy, Harkham, ed. Kramer's Ergot Five. Gingko, 2004.

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Sastry, K. S. M. Ergot production in India. Regional Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Vladimír, Křen, and Cvak Ladislav, eds. Ergot: The genus Claviceps. Harwood Academic, 1999.

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Vladimik, Kren, ed. Ergot: The genus Claviceps. Harwood Academic Pubs., 1999.

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Řeháček, Zdeněk. Ergot alkaloids: Chemistry, biological effects, biotechnology. Elsevier, 1990.

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Organization, World Health, International Program on Chemical Safety., United Nations Environment Programme, and International Labour Organisation, eds. Selected mycotoxins: Ochratoxins, trichothecenes, ergot. World Health Organization, 1990.

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Salvà, Macià Tomàs i. El foc de Sant Antoni a Mallorca: Medicina, història i societat. El Tall Editorial, 1996.

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Murphy-Gibb, Dwina. Ergot on the rye: Irish poems and colloquial dialogues. Prebendal, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ergot"

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Ellenbroek, Bart, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, et al. "Ergot." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_639.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Ergot." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13692.

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Bräse, Stefan, Franziska Gläser, Carsten S. Kramer, et al. "Ergot Alkaloids." In The Chemistry of Mycotoxins. Springer Vienna, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1312-7_4.

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Keller, U., and P. Tudzynski. "Ergot Alkaloids." In Industrial Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10378-4_8.

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Panaccione, Daniel G. "Ergot Alkaloids." In Industrial Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11458-8_9.

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Tudzynski, Paul, and Lisa Neubauer. "Ergot Alkaloids." In Fungal Biology. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1191-2_14.

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Liu, Dongyou. "Ergot Alkaloids." In Handbook of Foodborne Diseases. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22030-86.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Ergot Poisoning." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13693.

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Davis, Kyle A., Corinne M. Hazel, Abigail M. Jones, Samantha J. Fabian, and Daniel G. Panaccione. "Ergot Alkaloids." In The Mycota. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81904-9_4.

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Dunford, James C., Louis A. Somma, David Serrano, et al. "Ergot of Cereals." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3655.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ergot"

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Gámiz-Gracia, Laura, Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares, Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez, and Ana M. García-Campaña. "Occurrence of principal ergot alkaloids in swine feeding." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxins. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iect2021-09152.

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Neshumaeva, N. A., and M. A. Timina. "Mycoflora of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) sclerotia as a source of potential biocontrol agents of phytopathogens." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.182.

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Mycoflora of sclerotia Claviceps purpurea was studied for identify potential agents of biocontrol of ergot cereals. The genera of micromycetes Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Bipolaris, Gliocladium, Epicoccum, Trichoderma were isolated.
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Klotz, J. L., S. K. Duckett, and D. L. Harmon. "Physiological Impact of Ergot Alkaloid Consumption in Ruminant Livestock." In XXV International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0294.

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Carbonell-Rozas, Laura, Choukri Khelifa Mahdjoubi, Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares, Laura Gámiz-Gracia, and Ana M. García-Campaña. "DETERMINATION AND OCCURRENCE OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS IN CEREAL SAMPLES FROM ALGERIA." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxins. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iect2021-09148.

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Pirrò, Giuseppe, Paolo Trunfio, Domenico Talia, Paolo Missier, and Carole Goble. "ERGOT: A Semantic-Based System for Service Discovery in Distributed Infrastructures." In 2010 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid.2010.24.

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Schekleina, Lyuciya. "DAMAGE FROM ERGOT ON WINTER RYE DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER OF SCLEROTIA IN THE SPIKE." In XIV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists “Achievements and Prospects of Development of the Agroindustrial Complex of Russia” with international participation, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences. TRIA FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.37071/conferencearticle_67337e40807d62.85389229.

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The harmfulness of ergot on winter rye crops in the Kirov region depends to a large extent on the number of sclerotia in the ear, which leads to an increase in the contamination of the grain mass with sclerotia. It has been established that with an increase in ear infestation by 1 sclerotia, the number of grains decreases by 4.96 pieces, grain weight by 0.26 g, and weight of 1000 grains by 2.49 g
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Carbonell-Rozas, Laura, Francisco J. Lara, Laura Gámiz-Gracia, and Ana M. García-Campaña. "VALIDATION OF A METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS IN OAT-BASED FUNCTIONAL FOODS." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxins. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iect2021-09151.

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Reyno, R., S. Murchio, C. Goñi, et al. "Use of Genuine Sources of Ergot Resistance in Species of the Dilatata Group of Paspalum." In XXV International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0197.

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Dzida, Wolfgang, Regine Freitag, and Wilhelm Valder. "ERGO-Shell." In the SIGCHI conference. ACM Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/108844.108983.

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Nayar, Narinder. "Deneb/ERGO." In the 27th conference. ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/224401.224653.

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Reports on the topic "Ergot"

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Friskop, Andrew, Ethan Stoetzer, Daren Mueller, Darcy Telenko, and Kieth Johnson. Ergot: Six things to be mindful of with ergot in small grains and grasses. Crop Protection Netework, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20190903-000.

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Pereboom, D. P. K. H., J. B. G. M. Hedemann, C. P. A. F. Smits, W. C. M. de Nijs, and L. W. D. van Raamsdonk. Proficiency test for ergot sclerotia in cereals : EURLPT-MP05 (2020). Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/541805.

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Pereboom, D. P. K. H., P. P. J. Mulder, M. Sopel, and J. Grzetic. Proficiency test for ergot alkaloids in cereals : EURLPT-MP08 (2022). Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/636591.

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van Raamsdonk, L. W. D., N. van de Rhee, J. J. M. Vliege, and V. G. Z. Pinckaers. IAG ring test visual detection of ergot sclerotia in rye 2015. RIKILT Wageningen UR, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/393609.

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Pereboom, D. P. K. H., A. Veršilovskis, P. P. J. Mulder, M. de Nijs, and J. G. J. Mol. Proficiency test for ergot alkaloids in cereals : EURL-PT-MP03 (2019). Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/526444.

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Patterson, Mark. History of Load Participation in ERCOT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219528.

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Patterson, Mark. Demand Response in the ERCOT Markets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219530.

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Alexandre, Melanie. JGI Lab Ergo Products Catalog. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/975371.

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Author, Not Given. Technology solutions for wind integration in ERCOT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173111.

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None, None. Technology solutions for wind integration in Ercot. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173114.

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