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1
Miettinen, Reijo. "Konstruktivistinen oppimisnäkemys ja esineellinen toiminta." Aikuiskasvatus 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.93312.
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Käsittelen tässä artikkelissa termin ’konstruktivistinen oppimiskäsitys’ merkitystä ja käyttötapoja eri teoriasuuntauksissa. Konstruoinnin eli rakentamisen metaforaa on käytetty kahden viime vuosikymmenen aikana lisääntyvässä määrin sosiologiassa, kulttuurin tutkimuksessa sekä kasvatustieteessä. Kuten itse sana antaa ymmärtää, sillä viitataan ihmisen aktiiviseen tekemiseen. Käsite on kuitenkin ylikäytetty ja sillä tarkoitetaan tavattoman monia eri asioista.
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Zakaly, Hesham M. H., Antoaneta Ene, Oyeleke I. Olarinoye, Samir Y. Marzouk, Shams H. Abdel-Hafez, Mohamed S. Shams, and Yasser S. Rammah. "Investigation of Er3+ Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 6769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226769.
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Melt quenching technique is used for preparing glasses with chemical formula (70P2O5)–(16 − x)CdO–(14ZnO)–(xEr2O3), (x = 1–6 mol%). These glasses were named Er1, Er2, Er3, Er4, Er5, and Er6, respectively. Photon buildup factors, fast neutron absorption, and electron stopping of the prepared glasses were examined. Glasses’ density was varied from 3.390 ± 0.003 for the Er1 glass sample to 3.412 ± 0.003 for the Er6 glass sample. The Buildup factor (BUF) spectra have relatively higher values in the Compton Scattering (CS) dominated areas compared to both Photoelectric effect (PE), and Pair Production (PP) dominated energy regions. The highest BUF appeared at the Er atom K-absorption edge, whose intensity increases as the molar concentration of Er2O3 in the glasses increases. The photon absorption efficiency (PAE) of the glasses increases according to the trend (PAE)Er1 < (PAE)Er2 < (PAE)Er3 < (PAE)Er4 < (PAE)Er5 < (PAE)Er6. Fast neutron removal cross-section, FNRC (ΣR) values of the glasses obtained via calculation varied from 0.1045–0.1039 cm−1 for Er1–Er6. Furthermore, the continuous slowing down approximation mode (CSDA) range enhances the kinetic energy of electrons for all glasses. Generally, results revealed that the investigated glasses could be applied for radiation shielding and dosimetric media.
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Manninen, Outi, Maria Erkkilä, Teija Tenhola-Roininen, Jaakko Tanskanen, Marjo Serenius, Alan Schulman, and Marja Jalli. "’Geeniä mä metsästän…’ – miten löytää ja hyödyntää viljojen taudinkestävyysgeenejä?" Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75542.
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Taudinkestävien lajikkeiden käyttö on kansantaloudellisesti edullisin tapa torjua kasvitautien aiheuttamia sato- ja laatutappioita. Lisäksi ympäristönäkökohdat puoltavat siirtymistä kasvitautien torjunnassa torjunta-aineiden käytöstä enenevästi taudinkestävien lajikkeiden käyttöön. Viljalajikkeiden taudinkestävyysjalostuksessa etsitään jatkuvasti uusia resistenssilähteitä, joiden toivotaan poikkeavan entisistä esimerkiksi siten, että kestävyys perustuu eri geeniin tai saman geenin eri muotoon eli alleeliin. Eri geenejä voidaan pyramidisoida viljan perimään siten, että taudinaiheuttajan mahdollisuus murtaa resistenssi pienenee. Eri alleelit voivat olla spesifisiä eri tautikannoille tai niiden sivuvaikutukset viljan muihin ominaisuuksiin voivat olla erilaisia. Uusia resistenssilähteitä etsitään kasvigeenivarakokoelmista. Haasteena on löytää sopiva resistenssilähde kymmenien tuhansien geenipankkeihin säilöttyjen kantojen joukosta. Avuksi on kehitetty niin tietoteknisiä GIS-paikannukseen perustuvia menetelmiä kuin bioteknisiä geenimerkkeihin perustuvia tekniikoita. Kasvigenomiikka on tutkimusala, jossa selvitetään kasvin koko perimän vaikutusta eri ominaisuuksiin. Genomiikan työkaluilla voidaan avata koko perimä ja tunnistaa tiettyyn ominaisuuteen, esimerkiksi taudinkestävyyteen, vaikuttavia geenejä ja alleleita. Olemme MTT:llä paikantaneet hienokartoittamalla ohran perimään verkkolaikkukestävyyden geenin sekä vehnän perimään keltaruostekestävyyden geenin. Paikannetut geenit pyritään tunnistamaan DNA-tasolla. Työssä käytetään vertailevaa genomiikkaa, DNA-sekvenssointia ja geenitoiminnan analyyseja. Kun resistenssigeeni on tunnistettu DNA-tasolla, sen toimintaa voidaan oppia ymmärtämään paremmin. Lisäksi voidaan tehokkaasti etsiä uusia alleeleita geenipankeissa säilöttävistä maatiaislajikkeista ja villeistä sukulaisista. Uusia alleeleita voidaan tuoda nopeasti lajikejalostuksen käyttöön DNA-merkkien ja merkkiavusteisen valinnan avulla.
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Kleemola, Olli. "Suojeluskuntaperinnetyön organisaatiot ja ulottuvuudet 1944–2021." Ennen ja nyt: Historian tietosanomat 21, no. 4 (August 25, 2021): 56–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37449/ennenjanyt.109529.
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Suojeluskunnat lakkautettiin syksyllä 1944 Neuvostoliiton vaatimuksesta ja välirauhansopimuksen nojalla. Etenkin suojeluskunnissa toimineet kokivat lakkautuspäätöksen epäoikeudenmukaiseksi, ja syntyi halu ylläpitää suojeluskunta-, lotta- ja suojeluskuntiin kiinteästi liittyneen sotilaspoikajärjestön perinnettä. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan suojeluskuntien lakkauttamisen jälkeen tehtyä, suojeluskuntaperheen eri jäseniin liittyvää perinnetyötä eli järjestöihin liittyvän kulttuuriperinnön säilyttämiseen tähtääviä toimenpiteitä.
Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarkastella yhtäältä perinnekentän muotoutumista eli perinnetyön organisoitumista eri järjestöihin. Toisaalta tarkastelun kohteena ovat perinnetyön sisällöt eli se, mitä toimia perinnekentällä on tehty kulttuuriperinnön siirtämiseksi. Tutkimuksen kolmantena ulottuvuutena on perinnetyön aineellinen ulottuvuus, eli minkälaista esineistöä tai aineistoa perinnekentän toimijat ovat tuottaneet perinnekentän tarpeisiin. Näiden kolmen ulottuvuuden avulla pyritään luomaan kokonaiskuva perinnetyön kehityksestä sodanjälkeisistä ajoista nykypäivään. Tutkimuksen aikahorisontti ulottuu vuodesta 1944 eli suojeluskunta- ja lottajärjestön lakkauttamisesta nykypäivään.Tutkimus avaa merkittäviä näkökulmia kansallisen maanpuolustushistoriallisen yhdistyskentän muotoutumiseen ja maanpuolustushistoriallisen kiinnostuksen ja perinnetyön merkityksen kasvuun viime vuosikymmeninä sekä yleensä perinnetyön merkitykseen suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa.
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Olsson, Gustaf. "Samettidiktatuurin eri kasvot." Idäntutkimus 29, no. 1 (April 14, 2022): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33345/idantutkimus.112017.
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Niwa, Yuki, Keito Adachi, and Taro Semba. "Abstract 5584: Antitumor activity of liposomal formulation of eribulin combined with anti-PD-1." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5584.
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Abstract Eribulin (ERI) has been reported a microtubule dynamics inhibitor with unique tumor microenvironment modulations such as vascular remodeling and reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition activities. In the previous meeting (AACR2019), we reported that ERI has immunomodulatory activity and higher dose and frequent treatment of ERI (1.0mg/kg Q4D×3) shows combination antitumor activity with anti-PD-1. ERI-LF is a liposomal formulation of eribulin and has improved pharmacokinetics profile and improved antitumor activity compared to ERI in human xenograft models. Therefore, we expected that ERI-LF has greater immunomodulatory activity than ERI. In this study, we first compared antitumor activity of ERI-LF plus anti-PD-1 with that of ERI plus anti-PD-1 using a P-glycoprotein-knockout 4T1 (4T1#31) mouse breast cancer subcutaneous model. As a result, combination of 0.3mg/kg ERI (Q7D×2) with anti-PD-1 did not show significant stronger antitumor activity compared to each monotherapy, although it is an unfavorable condition for ERI that was treated with lower dose (0.3mg/kg) and longer interval (Q7D×2). In contrast, combination of ERI-LF (Q7D×2) with anti-PD-1 enhanced antitumor activity compared to each monotherapy in the dose range of 0.1-1.0mg/kg ERI-LF, suggesting ERI-LF has greater immunomodulatory activity than ERI. We next performed flow cytometry analysis for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to reveal the mechanism of immunomodulatory activity of ERI-LF. Profile of TILs in 4T1#31 subcutaneous tumor demonstrated that 0.3mg/kg ERI-LF significantly increased the population of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and these changes were superior to that of ERI, demonstrating superior immunomodulatory activity of ERI-LF to ERI. When combined ERI-LF with anti-PD-1, the intratumoral TIL population of activated GzmB+CD8+ T and GzmB+ NK cells were significantly increased, demonstrating the mechanism of combination antitumor activity of ERI-LF with anti-PD-1. We finally verified the contribution of CD8+ T and NK cells to combination antitumor activity of ERI-LF with anti-PD-1 by using depletion antibodies for CD8+ T and NK cells. As a result, we confirmed that both CD8+ T cell singly depletion and NK cell singly depletion attenuated antitumor activity of ERI-LF plus anti-PD-1 combination. Furthermore, CD8+ T cell and NK cell combination depletion further attenuated antitumor activity of ERI-LF plus anti-PD-1 combination compared to each depletion, demonstrating that both CD8+ T and NK cells contribute antitumor activity of ERI-LF plus anti-PD-1 combination therapy. In summary, we demonstrated that ERI-LF has superior immunomodulatory activity than ERI and shows strong combination antitumor activity with anti-PD-1. Currently, Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of ERI-LF plus nivolumab in patients with selected solid cancer (NCT04078295) is underway. Citation Format: Yuki Niwa, Keito Adachi, Taro Semba. Antitumor activity of liposomal formulation of eribulin combined with anti-PD-1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5584.
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Abdul-Wajid, Sarah, Molly Thomas, and K. Mark Ansel. "The role of Eri-1 as a small RNA regulator in the immune system (136.43)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 136.43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.136.43.
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Abstract Mouse Eri-1 is a 3' to 5' exoribonuclease whose C.elegans counterpart has been shown to inhibit RNAi. We have explored a similar role for murine Eri-1 in T-cells; siRNA efficacy and miRNA levels are increased in Eri-1 deficient T-cells. Reconstitution with wild-type Eri-1 via a retroviral construct returned miRNA levels to their wild-type quantities. In addition to validating a small RNA regulatory role for mouse Eri-1, we are exploring various immunological effects of Eri-1 deficiency. Eri-1 deficient T-cells exhibit an increased propensity to differentiate into Th2 cells in vitro and germinal center formation is altered in the absence of Eri-1.
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du Prel, Jean-Baptist, Johannes Siegrist, and Daniela Borchart. "The Role of Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the Change of Work-Related Stress (ERI) over Time." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 4839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234839.
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Background: Every second employee in Europe complains about work-related stress. Occupational stress due to an imbalance between efforts spent and rewards gained (effort-reward imbalance = ERI) is well investigated and it is associated with mental and physical health. A common guess is that leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has beneficial effects on work-related stress. Yet, evidence in support of this assumption is weak, especially regarding ERI-stress. Longitudinal studies investigating the role of LTPA on ERI are missing. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of LTPA on work-related stress by ERI over time. Methods: 3961 socially insured employees that were born in 1959 or 1965 and working in the first (t1: 2011) and second wave (t2: 2014) of the lidA-study were included. Work-related stress was measured by ERI, LTPA by the self-rated weekly frequency of physical activities. Besides the direct effect, a moderating effect of LTPA on ERI over time was tested in the multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The ERI at t1 was strongly associated with ERI at t2. While LTPA had no direct effect on ERI(t2), it was a significant moderator of ERI from t1 to t2: The higher the frequency of LTPA, the lower ERI was over time. This interaction of LTPA with ERI remained after adjustment for socio-demographic factors. Conclusions: The long-term moderating effect of LTPA on ERI is in agreement with former investigations on the role of LTPA on work-related stress, generally, and on its cross-sectional effect on ERI-stress, specifically. Some of Hill’s criteria of a causal association in epidemiology (biological gradient, temporality, consistency) support our findings. As LTPA has also been shown to exert a protective effect on health outcomes that are associated with ERI, the moderation of ERI by LTPA could partly explain this protective effect. Future observational and interventional studies are required to support our results over more than two age groups and study times.
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Järvinen-Tassopoulos, Johanna, and Minna Kesänen. "Mistä asiantuntijuus muodostuu? Ongelmapelaajien kohtaaminen sosiaalityössä." Janus Sosiaalipolitiikan ja sosiaalityön tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 28, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30668/janus.77614.
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Rahapelaamisen mahdollisuuksien kasvaessa sosiaalialalla toimivat työntekijät tulevat todennäköisesti kohtaamaan rahapeliongelmista kärsiviä asiakkaita. Työntekijöiden asiantuntijuutta tarvitaan asiakkaan ongelman tunnistamisessa, hänen auttamisessaan ja ohjaamisessaan oikeanlaisten palvelujen äärelle. Tätä laadullista tutkimusta varten haastateltiin 24 sosiaalialan ammattilaista, jotka työskentelevät eri toimipaikoissa eri puolilla Suomea. Suurimmalla osalla oli yliopistotutkinto sosiaalityöstä. Menetelmänä käytettiin aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysia. Asiantuntijuus alkaa useimmiten yhteiskunnallisen ilmiön (eli ongelmapelaamisen) hahmottamisesta asiakkaiden kertomusten ja omien kokemusten perusteella. Asiantuntijuutta tarvitaan myös asiakkaan kohtaamisessa ja rahapelaamisen puheeksiotossa. Moni haastateltava piti rahapelaamisesta kysymistä tärkeänä, vaikka kaikki eivät aina muistaneet tehdä sitä. Asiantuntijuus ei ollut pelkästään yhden työntekijän varassa, vaan yhteistyötä tekemällä hyödynnettiin kollegoiden monipuolista asiantuntijuutta ja muiden ammattilaisten osaamista.
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Wang, Wen Zhong, Lei Zhao, and Li Shan Fan. "The Analysis on Composition and Structure of the Eri-Silk." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.386.
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The eri-silk was degummed by Alkaline protease,the chemical composition of the eri-silk was analyzed and the internal structure of the retting eri-silk was analyzed by infrared spectral, also the vertical form of the was tested by electron microscopy and using thermal analysis to study the thermal properties of the eri-silk. The results showed that the highest content in the eri-silk was alanine, followed by acetic acid; The heat resistance of the eri-silk was worse than the soybean protein fiber and wool, the the surface of the degumming eri-silk was smooth, there was obvious dents between two silk fibroin; the structure of the eri-silk fibroin contain α-helix and β-folding structure which is the most main structure, there is distinguishing peak characteristics of AmideI at wave 1661.
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Sipiläinen, Timo, and Timo Kuosmanen. "Tuottavuuserot pohjoismaiden maitotiloilla." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 23 (January 31, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75899.
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Tuotanto-olosuhteet poikkeavat huomattavasti Tanskan, Ruotsin ja Suomen välillä. Tuotanto-olosuhteista ja erilaisesta historiallisesta kehityksestä johtuen eri maiden ja alueiden maatilat poikkeavan toisistaan myös tuottavuuden eli panos-tuotos -suhteen tasoltaan. Tuottavuuden taso on puolestaan tärkeä tekijä tuotannon kilpailukyvyn kannalta, kun tuote on melko homogeeninen. Alkutuotannon kilpailukykyisyys on tärkeä myös jalostavan teollisuuden näkökulmasta, koska esimerkiksi raakamaitoa ei kannata kuljettaa jalostettavaksi pitkiä matkoja. Tuotannon kilpailukykyä voidaan pitää yllä myös tukien avulla. Tuen tarvetta voidaan puolestaan perustella todellisten, viljelijöistä riippumattomista tekijöistä johtuvien tuottavuuserojen avulla. Tässä tutkimuksessa tuottavuuseroa arvioidaan nk. metarintamatekniikoita käyttäen, jossa alueiden välinen tuottavuusero jaotellaan alueiden tuottavuuden tason eroiksi sekä alueiden sisäisiksi tuottavuus-/tehokkuuseroiksi. Käytännössä näiden määrittäminen edellyttää kaikkien tilojen yhteisen tehokkuusrintaman sekä alueellisten tehokkuusrintamien määrittämistä. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tutkia eri menetelmiä käyttäen, onko maidontuotannossa tilatason tuottavuuseroja Suomen, Ruotsin ja Tanskan välillä. Tutkimuksessa sovelletaan eri menetelmiä, mm. stokastista ei-parametrista estimointia. Sen antamia tuloksia verrataan stokastisen parametrisen ja ei-stokastisen ei-parametrisen DEA –menetelmän tuottamiin tuloksiin. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu EU:n ylläpitämän FADN –aineiston maitotiloista vuodelta 2003. Erikoistuneiden maitotilojen oletetaan tuottavan yhtä tuotosta, joka koostuu pääasiassa maidosta ja maidontuotannon sivutuotteista. Panoksina ovat perinteiset tuotantopanokset: lannoitteet, ostorehut, työ, muut muuttuvat panokset sekä koneet ja rakennukset. Tulosten mukaan eri menetelmät tuottavat samankaltaisen tuottavuuseron eri maiden välille. Tuottavuuserot ovat merkittäviä. Tanskan tilat ovat kaikilla menetelmillä tuottavuudeltaan parhaita ja Suomen heikoimpia eron ollessa 20 - 30 prosenttia menetelmästä riippuen. Tästä huolimatta suomalaiset tilat ovat suomalaisiin tiloihin verrattuna keskimäärin jokseenkin yhtä tehokkaita kuin tanskalaiset tanskalaisiin verrattuna. Ruotsalaistilojen keskimääräinen tekninen tehottomuus niiden omaan tuotantorintamaan verrattuna on suomalaistiloja suurempi.
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Rinne, Marketta, Anne Johansson, Jan-Olof Johnsson, Ulla-Maija Leskinen, Arja Nykänen, Maiju Pesonen, Ulla Turunen, and Marja Suutarla. "Yksivuotiset laidunkasvit luomutiloilla: kokemukset hyötykäyttöön neuvonnan ja tutkimuksen yhteishankkeessa." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 30 (January 31, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75341.
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Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön Laatuketjun rahoittamassa Luomuneuvonnan kehittämishankkeessa tehtiin kesällä 2013 maatilojen, ProAgrian ja MTT:n yhteistyönä havaintokokeita eri aiheista. Märehtijäryhmä valitsi aiheekseen yksivuotiset laitumet, jotka tarjoavat tiloille lisävaihtoehdon kesäkauden rehustukseen. Neuvojat kartoittivat sopivia seurantaan mukaan lähteviä asiakastiloja ja mukaan saatiin 14 luomutilaa eri puolilta Suomea. Mukana oli laaja kirjo erilaisia yksivuotisia laidunkasveja. Näistä raiheinät ovat tyypillisiä nopeakasvuisia ja satoisia yksivuotisten nurmien kasvilajeja pääosin seoksina muiden kasvilajien kanssa. Useissa seoksissa oli mukana myös viljoja, jotka syötettiin laitumessa vihantana. Koska kyseessä olivat luomutilat, myös erilaiset palkokasvit kuuluivat tyypillisiin seoskasveihin. Käytettyjä yksivuotisia palkokasvilajeja olivat virnat, härkäpapu ja herne. Lisäksi puolessa kasvustoista mukana oli monivuotisia heiniä ja apiloita eli samalla perustettiin monivuotinen laidunnurmi. Kasvustojen kehitystä seurattiin toistuvin näytteenotoin. Laidunkasvuston massan määrä saatiin selville kehikkomittauksin. Valion ARTTURI®-analyysin avulla määritettiin kasvustojen ravitsemuksellinen laatu ja kivennäiskoostumus. Tyypillisesti laidunkasvustojen D-arvo (sulavuus eli energia-arvo) oli hyvin korkea sekä raakavalkuais- ja kaliumpitoisuudet suuria, mutta kuiva-ainepitoisuus matala. Kasvun edetessä ravitsemuksellinen laatu laski samoin kuin niittonurmissa, joten laidunnuksen ajoitukseen on kiinnitettävä huomiota. Neuvojat keräsivät lisäksi viljelijöiltä tiedot kasvustojen perustamisesta, perustelut yksivuotisten laidunkasvien käytölle ja kartoittivat kokemuksia laiduntamisesta ja lisäruokinnasta. Luomuviljelijät kokivat yksivuotisten laidunkasvustojen käytöstä useita hyötyjä. Systemaattisesti kerättyjen näytteiden valossa kasvustojen potentiaali niin sadon laadun kuin määrän osalta on hyvä, vaikka vaihtelu eri kasvustojen välillä olikin suurta ja joissain tapauksissa rikkakasveja esiintyi runsaasti.
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Reynolds, Jamila E., Melinda A. Gonzales-Backen, Kimberly A. Allen, Eric A. Hurley, Roxanne A. Donovan, Seth J. Schwartz, Monika Hudson, Bede Agocha, and Michelle Williams. "Ethnic–Racial Identity of Black Emerging Adults: The Role of Parenting and Ethnic–Racial Socialization." Journal of Family Issues 38, no. 15 (February 2, 2016): 2200–2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x16629181.
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Ethnic–racial identity (ERI) development is important for ethnic–racial minority youth because of its association with their positive adjustment. Guided by Garcia Coll’s ecocultural framework and using survey data from 729 Black college students, we examined the associations between relationships with parents (i.e., disrespect, psychological control, nurturance, and connection), ethnic–racial socialization (ERS), and ERI in hopes of understanding ways to promote ERI formation. Findings from two multiple group models suggested that, among men, nurturance from mothers and fathers was associated with ERI and these associations were mediated by ERS. For women, connection with mothers was associated with ERI through ERS and nurturance from fathers was indirectly and positively associated with ERI through ERS. Contrary to our hypothesis, disrespect from fathers was positively associated with ERI via ERS, but only for women. Findings suggest that both ERS and the parent–child relationship are important for ERI formation among Black emerging adults.
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Välikoski, Tuula-Riitta, Irma Ilomäki, Elinita Mäki, and Laura A. Janusik. "Kuunteleminen keskustelussa – yhdysvaltalaisen ja suomalaisen aineiston vertailu." Prologi 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2005): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33352/prlg.95942.
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Keskustelukuuntelun aikajännemittari (Conversational Listening Span, CLS) mittaa kokeellisesti henkilöiden keskustelukuuntelemisen kapasiteettia. Kyseinen kapasiteetti tarkoittaa niiden kognitiivisten merkityksien määrää, joita joku kykenee pitämään aktiivisena muistissaan ja joihin hän pystyy vastaamaan keskustelun kuluessa. Keskustelukuuntelun aikajännemittari tarjoaa puheviestintätutkimukseen uuden näkökulman: se mittaa kuuntelemisen prosessia, kun aiemmat mittarit ovat perustuneet esimerkiksi itsearviointiin tai toisen henkilön arviointiin jonkun kuuntelusta. Artikkeli esittelee mittarin ja testaa sen toimivuutta eri kieli— ja kulttuurisessa ympäristössä; Yhdysvalloissa ja Suomessa. Päätuloksia ovat seuraavat: Kiinnostuneisuus aihealueesta ei vaikuta pistemääriin kummassakaan kulttuurissa, eli myös uusi suomenkielinen keskustelukuuntelun aikajännemittari mittaa kuuntelukapasiteettia eikä kiinnostuneisuutta. Yhdysvalloissa käytetty englanninkielinen CLS korreloi Speaking spanin (vertailutestinä käytetty perinteinen työmuistitesti) kanssa, mutta suomenkielinen puhumisen aikajännemittari (Speaking span) ei. Yhdysvaltalaisen ja suomalaisen CLS—testin pisteet olivat kuitenkin hyvin yhtenevät (eli CLS mittaa kuuntelukapasiteettia eri kulttuureissa yhtenevästi), ja siis myös suomenkielinen keskustelukuuntelun aikajännemittari näyttää jo lupaavalta keskustelukuuntelemisen mittarilta.
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Campbell, Michael J., Wesley G. Page, Philip E. Dennison, and Bret W. Butler. "Escape Route Index: A Spatially-Explicit Measure of Wildland Firefighter Egress Capacity." Fire 2, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire2030040.
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For wildland firefighters, the ability to efficiently evacuate the fireline is limited by terrain, vegetation, and fire conditions. The impacts of terrain and vegetation on evacuation time to a safety zone may not be apparent when considering potential control locations either at the time of a wildfire or during pre-suppression planning. To address the need for a spatially-explicit measure of egress capacity, this paper introduces the Escape Route Index (ERI). Ranging from 0 to 1, ERI is a normalized ratio of the distance traveled within a time frame, accounting for impedance by slope and vegetation, to the optimal distance traveled in the absence of these impediments. An ERI approaching 1 indicates that terrain and vegetation conditions should have little impact on firefighter mobility while an ERI approaching 0 is representative of limited cross-country travel mobility. The directional nature of evacuation allows for the computation of four ERI metrics: (1) ERImean (average ERI in all travel directions); (2) ERImin (ERI in direction of lowest egress); (3) ERImax (ERI in direction of highest egress); and (4) ERIazimuth (azimuth of ERImax direction). We demonstrate the implementation of ERI for three different evacuation time frames (10, 20, and 30 min) on the Angeles National Forest in California, USA. A previously published, crowd-sourced relationship between slope and travel rate was used to account for terrain, while vegetation was accounted for by using land cover to adjust travel rates based on factors from the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS). Land cover was found to have a stronger impact on ERI values than slope. We also modeled ERI values for several recent wildland firefighter entrapments to assess the degree to which landscape conditions may have contributed to these events, finding that ERI values were generally low from the crews’ evacuation starting points. We conclude that mapping ERI prior to engaging a fire could help inform overall firefighter risk for a given location and aid in identifying locations with greater egress capacity in which to focus wildland fire suppression, thus potentially reducing risk of entrapment. Continued improvements in accuracy of vegetation density mapping and increased availability of light detection and ranging (lidar) will greatly benefit future implementations of ERI.
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Kumar Gahlaut, Akhilesh, and Arjun Arjun. "RELATIVE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT SEASONS ON THE QUALITIES ERISILK COCOONS AND ERI SILK YARN OF FOUR DIFFERENT MUTANTSTRAINS OF PhilosamiariciniBsd." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i11.2016.2426.
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The relative impacts of different seasons of ericulture namely May-June,July-Aug., Sep.-Oct. and Nov.-Dec on the qualities of erisilk cocoons and erisilk yarn of four different mutant strains of PhilosamiariciniViz; Yellow plain, Yellow zebra, G.B. plain and G.B. zebra have been evaluated under the reeling parameters. Results obtained indicate that the reeling performances of G.B. plain mutant strain is best in the season May-June (summer)followed by July-August (Rainy) and are relatively better in respect of qualities of eri cocoons and eri silk yarn in comparison to two other seasons namely September-October and November-December. The said variations are probably on account of the fact that May-June followed by July-August seasons provide relatively better and conducive eco-friendly environment to mutant strain than two other seasons of eri culture in respect of cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio, filament length of eri silk yarn, rate of eri silk tenacity of fibre and elongation percentage of fibre. The significant variations in relation to four different seasons in the qualities of eri cocoons and eri silk yarn of yellow plain mutant strain of Philosamiaricini (the popular eri silkworm among the four mutant strains) also have been found relatively better in respect of qualities of eri cocoons and eri silk yarn in all the seasons in spite of evident variation on account of genetic variabilities and differences in the genetic make-up of mutant strains.
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Asongu*, Simplice A., Samba Diop, and Joseph Nnanna. "HEALTH VULNERABILITY VERSUS ECONOMIC RESILIENCE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." World Affairs 184, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 472–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00438200211052045.
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The purpose of this study is to understand how countries have leveraged on their economic resilience to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on a global sample of 150 countries. The study develops a health vulnerability index (HVI) and leverages on an existing economic resilience index (ERI) to provide four main scenarios from which to understand the problem statement, namely ‘low HVI-low ERI,’ ‘high HVI-low ERI,’ ‘high HVI-high ERI,’ and ‘low HVI-high ERI’ quadrants. Countries that have robustly fought the pandemic are those in the ‘low HVI-high ERI’ quadrant and, to a lesser extent, countries in the ‘low HVI-low ERI’ quadrant. Most European countries, namely one African country (Rwanda), four Asian countries (e.g., Japan, China, South Korea, and Thailand), and six American countries (e.g., United States, Canada, Uruguay, Panama, Argentina, and Costa Rica) are apparent in the ideal quadrant.
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Yajima, Takahiro, Kumiko Yajima, and Hiroshi Takahashi. "Association of the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent resistance index and the geriatric nutritional risk index with cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): e0245625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245625.
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Objective Hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) may be associated with protein-energy wasting. We investigated the relationship of the ESA resistance index (ERI) and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) for cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods A total of 180 maintenance HD patients were enrolled. The patients were stratified by the GNRI of 91.2, a previously reported cut-off value, and the ERI of 13.7 (IU/week/kg/g/dL), a cut-off value for predicting cardiovascular-specific mortality, and they were classified into four groups (group 1[G1]: higher GNRI and lower ERI, G2: higher GNRI and higher ERI, G3: lower GNRI and lower ERI, G4: lower GNRI and higher ERI). Results The ERI was independently associated with the GNRI (β = −0.271, p = 0.0005). During a median follow-up of 4.6 years, higher ERI and lower GNRI were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–7.34, and aHR, 6.64; 95%CI, 2.60–16.93, respectively). The 7-year survival rates were 96.1%, 70.3%, 77.3%, and 50.1% in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The aHR values for G4 versus G1 were 12.63 (95%CI, 3.58–44.59). With regards to model discrimination, adding the GNRI alone, the ERI alone, and both to the traditional risk model significantly improved the net reclassification improvement by 0.421, 0.662, and 0.671, respectively. Similar results were obtained for all-cause mortality. Conclusion The ERI was independently associated with the GNRI, and could predict cardiovascular mortality in HD patients. Moreover, the combination of GNRI and ERI could improve the predictability for cardiovascular mortality.
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Koivula, Minna, Esa Mäntysaari, and Ismo Strandén. "SNP-BLUP, G-BLUP ja H-BLUP - johdanto genomisiin arvosteluihin." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75509.
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Genominen valinta tarkoittaa eläimen (ja kasvien) jalostusarvon ennustamista ja valintapäätöksen tekemistä yksilön DNA:n eli SNP- markkeritietojen perusteella. Viime vuosina genomisten jalostusarvojen laskentaan on kehitelty useita malleja. Yksinkertaisessa DNA markkeri eli SNP-BLUP menetelmään perustuvassa mallissa SNP-markkerivaikutuksia käsitellään satunnaisina ja markkerien geneettisen varianssin oletetaan olevan sama kaikille markkereille. Tällöin yksilölle arvioitu genominen jalostusarvo saadaan laskemalla yhteen kaikki sen markkerivaikutukset. Genomisen sukulaisuusmatriisin (G) käyttö jalostusarvosteluissa mahdollistaa genomisen informaation hyödyntämisen perinteisen kaltaisessa jalostusarvostelumallissa, ns. G-BLUP:ssa. Tällöin genotyypitettyjen eläinten väliset sukulaisuudet saadaan tarkemmin kuin tavallisessa sukupuussa: esim. täyssisarten kesken genominen sukulaisuusaste voi vaihdella. Genomiset jalostusarvot SNP-BLUP mallilla ja G-matriisiin perustuvalla G-BLUP mallilla ovat samoja. Genomisten jalostusarvojen arvosteluvarmuutta voidaan parantaa yhdistämällä genominen informaatio perinteiseen jalostusarvoon. Tämä voidaan tehdä joko käsittelemällä genomiset jalostusarvot eri ominaisuuksina tai yhdistämällä genomitiedot suoraan perinteisiin jalostusarvosteluihin. Jälkimmäisessä ns. single-step - menetelmässä (H-BLUP) genotyypitettyjen eläinten sukulaisuudet perustuvat genotyyppi-tietoihin ja muiden eläinten sukulaisuudet sukupuutietoihin. Testasimme eri genomisia malleja pohjoismaisella punaisella rodulla. Tulosten mukaan eri genomiset arvostelumallit antavat vertailukelpoisia tuloksia, joten kulloinkin käytettävä menetelmä voi perustua käytännön seikkoihin. SNP- BLUP ja G-BLUP antoivat samat genomiset jalostusarvot, mutta ne erosivat hieman H-BLUP:n antamista arvoista. Keskimäärin genomisten jalostusarvojen luotettavuus oli 12 prosenttiyksikköä korkeampi kuin perinteisistä jalostusarvoista lasketun polveutumisindeksin. Lisäksi H-BLUP:lla genotyypitettyjen sonnien arvosteluvarmuus oli 2 - 4 prosenttiyksikköä korkeampi kuin muilla genomisilla malleilla.
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Simić, Dejan. "DEMOKRATIJA U ERI POSTSUVERENOSTI." Glasnik prava X, no. 2 (December 2019): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/gp.1002.147s.
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In this paper, the scope and boundaries of democracy in the era of globalization and restructuring of the state-legal order will be explored, in particular the citical review of globalizared democracy and its extension beyond the borders of the nation and the state. Teached by the literary-scientific understanding of the acquired truths and knowledhe, and initiated by the rational and logical observation of contemporary society, is the vision of post- pesusasion and democracy, trying to introduce as much as possible authorial and authentic. The democracy of the national state is impoverished, limited and ineffective, normative, and democracy outside the state and nation, ncomplete, unearlistic, elitist, is not representative and does not repect the special interests of many countries and nations. Globalist imperatives of power and the impressive, vigorus interset of imperialism in politics ruin democracy at a global level, not only in coutries that mumble democratic norms, procurements and practices, but also in coutries that present as a global, unproblematic, model od democracy.
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Laukkanen, Reijo. "Aikuinen oppii eri tavalla." Aikuiskasvatus 20, no. 2 (May 15, 2000): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.93286.
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Simmul, C. E. "KOKKUVÕTTES ERI SÕNALIIKIDE VAHEL." Yearbook of the Estonian Mother Tongue Society 62, no. 1 (2016): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/esa62.10.
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Michelbertas, Mykolas. "Wojciechui Nowakowskiui – 65-eri." Archaeologia Lituana 18 (July 2, 2018): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2017.18.11685.
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Michelbertas, Mykolas. "Wojciechui Nowakowskiui – 65-eri." Archaeologia Lituana 18, no. 18 (April 12, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2017.18.11717.
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Wu, Yuzhe, Chenzhuo Gu, and Yingnan Zhang. "Towards Sustainable Management of Urban Ecological Space: A Zoning Approach Hybridized by Ecosystem Service Value and Ecological Risk Assessment." Land 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081220.
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Massive growth is posing threat to the ecological security and sustainability of cities. Ecosystem service value (ESV) and ecological risk index (ERI) assessment can be conducted to enhance urban ecosystem management through the enhanced recognition of these values and risks in decision-making. This paper aimed to measure spatiotemporal ESV and ERI for Shizuishan City located in central China, and, based on this, how to zone urban ecological space using land cover data (for the years 2010, 2015, and 2020). The management options of different zones were suggested to mitigate and manage any potential negative impacts on urban ecological security. Results show that: (1) The spatial distribution characteristic of ESV is “high in the south and low in the north”. The total ESV exhibited an upward tendency from 2010 to 2020. (2) The high-ERI areas were distributed in the peripheral region, while the low-ERI areas were concentrated in the central region. The ERI of water was in decline continuously, whereas the ERI of wetland maintained a high level. (3) The zoning approach integrating ESV and ERI assessment can truly reflect the status of the environment and better clarify the direction of ecological development for different areas. Among four different ecological zones, the high-ESV and low-ERI areas (I) have abundant ecological resources, and they are set as “Priority Development Areas”. The low-ESV and low-ERI areas (II) are set as “Ecological Improvement Areas” because the area of ecological lands are confined. The low-ESV and high-ERI areas (III) have a fragile ecological environment, and they are set as “Exploitation-Prohibited Areas”. The high-ESV and high-ERI areas (IV) are mainly distributed near water and wetland, and they are set as “Research-focused Areas”.
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Delamarre, Louis, Salma Tannous, Ines Lakbar, Sébastien Couarraze, Bruno Pereira, Marc Leone, Fouad Marhar, et al. "The Evolution of Effort-Reward Imbalance in Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in France—An Observational Study in More than 8000 Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159113.
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(1) Background: The effects of lockdown repetition on work-related stress, expressed through Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), during the COVID-19 pandemic are poorly documented. We investigated the effect of repetitive lockdowns on the ERI in French workers, its difference across occupations, and the change in its influencing factors across time. (2) Methods: Participants were included in a prospective cross-sectional observational study from 30 March 2020 to 28 May 2021. The primary outcome was the ERI score (visual analog scale). The ERI score of the population was examined via Generalized Estimating Equations. For each period, the factors influencing ERI were studied by multivariate linear regression. (3) Results: In 8121 participants, the ERI score decreased in the first 2 lockdowns (53.2 ± 0.3, p < 0.001; 50.5 ± 0.7, p < 0.001) and after lockdown 2 (54.8 ± 0.8, p = 0.004) compared with the pre-pandemic period (59 ± 0.4). ERI was higher in medical than in paramedical professionals in the pre-pandemic and the first 2 lockdowns. Higher workloads were associated with better ERI scores. (4) Conclusions: In a large French sample, Effort-Reward Imbalance worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic until the end of the 2nd lockdown. Paramedical professionals experienced a higher burden of stress compared with medical professionals.
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Le, Aurora B., Abas Shkembi, Anna C. Sturgis, Anupon Tadee, Shawn G. Gibbs, and Richard L. Neitzel. "Effort–Reward Imbalance among a Sample of Formal US Solid Waste Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 6791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116791.
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Background: Solid waste workers are exposed to a plethora of occupational hazards and may also experience work-related stress. Our study had three specific hypotheses: (1) waste workers experience effort–reward imbalance (ERI) with high self-reported effort but low reward, (2) unionized workers experience greater ERI, and (3) workers with higher income have lower ERI. Methods: Waste workers from three solid waste sites in Michigan participated in this cross-sectional study. We characterized perceived work stress using the short-version ERI questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and linear tests for trend were assessed for each scale. Linear regression models were constructed to examine the relationship between structural factors of work stress and ERI. Gradient-boosted regression trees evaluated which factors of effort or reward best characterize workers’ stress. Results: Among 68 participants, 37% of workers reported high effort and low reward from work (ERI > 1). Constant pressure due to heavy workload was most indicative of ERI among the solid waste workers. Union workers experienced 79% times higher ERI than non-unionized workers, while no significant differences were observed by income, after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: Organizational-level interventions, such as changes related to workload, consideration of fair compensation, and increased support from supervisors, can decrease work stress.
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Vaidya, Shubhangi, and Ulka Yadav. "Rearing performance of Philosamia ricini (Eri silkworm) in different seasons of Ujjain district." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 3 (December 20, 2014): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.15317.
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India has the unique distinction of being only country producing all the five commercially traded varieties of natural silk namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga, Temperate tasar and Tropical tasar. The silk produced by Philosama ricini is called Eri silk. Eri silk is known as Non Violence silk or Piece silk. It is also said to be Poor Person’s silk. The Eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini) is multivoltine, holometabolus, non-mulberry, completely domesticated and feed on castor (Ricinus communis) leaves.We observed the effect of different seasons on rearing performance of Eri silkworm in respect of different larval parameters (larval weight, larval length, ERR% and pupation) and cocoon parameter (cocoon weight, pupae weight, shell weight & shell %). Our findings clearly indicated that the rearing performance of Eri silkworm was better in spring season than winter and autumn season of Ujjain district M.P.
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Rosemberg, Marie-Anne S., and Yang Li. "Effort-Reward Imbalance and Work Productivity Among Hotel Housekeeping Employees: A Pilot Study." Workplace Health & Safety 66, no. 11 (March 26, 2018): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079918755803.
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This study explored the relationship between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work and work productivity among hotel housekeepers. A community-based approach was used to recruit 23 hotel housekeepers who completed the ERI and Work Performance Questionnaires. Work productivity was determined by combining self-report absenteeism and presenteeism. More than 40% of the participants reported high ERI (ERI >1). Also, 59.1% reported low work productivity. Interestingly, despite the individualized high reports of ERI and low work productivity, correlation analysis showed that high ERI was correlated with high presenteeism and work productivity as a whole. This is the first study to explore work productivity among this worker group. Despite the small sample size and the cross-sectional nature of the study, this study points to the need for organization-based interventions to not only improve employee health but also their work productivity.
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Uji, Akihito, Tomoaki Murakami, Shigeta Arichika, Yuki Muraoka, Shin Yoshitake, Yoko Dodo, and Nagahisa Yoshimura. "Enhanced-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging." Ophthalmologica 235, no. 3 (2016): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443971.
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Purpose: The effect of the enhanced-resolution imaging (ERI) technique on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images was evaluated. Methods: A total of 5 healthy subjects and 20 patients diagnosed with various eye diseases were recruited into the study. ERI, a novel image processing technique, was accomplished by using super-resolution technology, and was assessed by objectively and subjectively comparing the image quality among three different image groups: images enlarged without bicubic interpolation (NONE), with bicubic interpolation (IP), and with ERI. Results: ERI showed a higher ratio of the detailed variance to the background variance than NONE, whereas no significant difference was detected between NONE and IP. The mean opinion score of 5 experienced retinal specialists for ERI was significantly higher than that for IP. Conclusions: ERI generated a sharper image and clearly visualized small objects. Additionally, it is effective in enhancing OCT image quality.
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G. Swathiga, G. Swathiga, S. Manimegalai S. Manimegalai, and E. Arasakumar E. Arasakumar. "Growth Attributes of Eco Races of Eri Silkworm, Philosamia Ricini Donovan in the Western Zone Conditions of Tamil Nadu." Current Agriculture Research Journal 10, no. 3 (January 5, 2023): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.10.3.14.
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One of the most economic exploitation, widely cultivated, and financially viable non-mulberry silkworms is the eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini). The feeds that eri silkworms consume have a significant impact on their yield and silk production. A study was conducted to assess the growth characteristics of the eco races of the eri silkworm in the circumstances of western region of Tamil Nadu. The Central Muga and Eri Research Institute in Jorhat, Assam provided the eco races of eri silkworm. Three replications of the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) were used to set up the treatments. By feeding worms with castor leaves in the cellular rearing method, the growth characteristics of eco races of eri silkworm, specifically the larval parameter and cocoon parameter, were examined. Among the eco races of eri silkworm in comparison with standard F1 hybrid, the eco race Jonai recorded the maximum growth attributes such as larval weight (7.09 g), cocoon weight (3.93 g), shell weight (0.66 g), shell ratio, ERR (16.78 %) which was on par with F1 hybrid followed by Khanapara and Titabar. The least was observed in Barpathar and Adogiri. This study reveals that among ten eco races of eri silkworm, the eco race Jonai recorded performed well in western zone condition of Tamil Nadu and it can be commercially reared in alternative to Commercial F1 breed.
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Kumar Gahlaut, Akhilesh, and Arjun. "RELATIVE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT DIETS ON THE QUALITIES OF ERI SILK COCOON AND ERI SILK YARN OF FOUR DIFFERENT MUTANTS STRAINS OF PHILOSAMIA RICINI Bsd." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i11.2016.2422.
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The relative impact of different food plants (diets) namely foliages of castor, kesseru , payam and Topioca plants on the four different mutant strain viz; yellow plain, yellow zebra ,G.B Plain ,G.B Zebra in respect of qualities of their eri cocoon and eri silk yarn have been evaluated under the reeling parameters.Result indicate that among the four different food plants like foliages of castor followed by kesseru have been found evidently better than the foliages of payam and Topiocal in respect of average cocoon weight (gm)4.10,3.55,3.98,3.10,Average shell weight (gm) 0.55,0.45,0.52,0.41,Average shell ratio 13.91,12.0,13.0,11.55,Average lengt- h of silk yarn (mtrs) 2510,2350,2498,2285,Average size of erisilk(D)13D,11D,12D,19D,Average production of eri silk per hr(gm)13.70,12.50,13.10,11.95,Average tenacity of fibre (g/d) 14.0,11.0,12.0,10.0.As far as qualitative differences of all the four food plants in relation to qualities of eri cocoon and eri silk yarn are concerned the castor alongwith kesseru food plants have achieved the status of supremacy primary food plant and payam and tapioca the states of secondary food plants .These variation show that the qualities and production of eri silk cocoon and eri silk yarn depends on the different food plants.
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Goodman, S. A., F. D. Auret, F. K. Koschnick, J. M. Spaeth, B. Beaumont, and P. Gibart. "Electrical Characterization of Defects Introduced In n-GaN During High Energy Proton and He-Ion Irradiation." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 4, S1 (1999): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300003124.
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We report on the electrical properties of defects as determined by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) introduced in epitaxially grown n-GaN by 2.0 MeV protons and 5.4 MeV He-ions. After He-ion bombardment three electron traps ER3 (Ec − 0.196 eV), ER4 (Ec − 0.78 eV), and ER5 (Ec − 0.95 eV) were introduced uniformly in the region profiled by DLTS with introduction rates of 3270 ± 200, 1510 ± 300, and 3030 ± 500 cm−1 respectively. Capture cross section measurements revealed that the electron capture kinetics of ER5 is similar to that of a line defect. A defect with similar electronic properties as ER3 is observed after 2.0 MeV proton irradiation. The emission rate of ER3 depends on the electric field strength in the space-charge region. This emission rate is modelled according to the Poole-Frenkel distortion of a square well with a radius of 20 ± 2 Å or alternatively, a Gaussian well with a characteristic width of 6.0 ± 1 Å. Hence, we conclude that ER1 is a point defect which appears to have an acceptor like character. Two additional electron traps, ER1 (Ec −0.13 eV) and ER2 (Ec − 0.16eV) with introduction rates of 30 ± 10 and 600 ± 100 cm−1 not thusfar observed after electron or He-ion bombardment were observed after proton irradiation.
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Williams, Chelsea D., Tricia Smith, Amy Adkins, Chloe J. Walker, Arlenis Santana, Fantasy T. Lozada, Jinni Su, and Danielle M. Dick. "Effects of Receiving Genetic Ancestry Results on Emerging Adults’ Ethnic-Racial Identity Affirmation." Emerging Adulthood 9, no. 4 (June 18, 2021): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21676968211020880.
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Ethnic-racial identity (ERI) is associated with adaptive outcomes in emerging adulthood, but more research is needed on factors that may inform ERI, such as receiving one’s genetic ancestry results. The current study examined changes in ERI using a pre-test post-test design in which 116 emerging adults 18–25 years were randomly assigned to either receiving their genetic ancestry results before the post-test (the testing condition) or after post-test (the control condition). We also tested whether ethnicity/race and gender moderated these associations. Findings indicated that male students of color (SOC) in the testing condition experienced an increase in ERI affirmation from pre-test to post-test, and male SOC in the control condition experienced a decrease in ERI affirmation from pre-test to post-test. There were no significant differences in ERI affirmation change between students in the testing condition and control condition for female SOC, White males, or White females.
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Honda, Ayumi, Elizabeth Fauth, Yin Liu, and Sumihisa Honda. "Predictors of Effort-Reward Imbalance Among Employees Providing Three Types of Long-Term Care Services in Japan." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.594.
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Abstract Increasingly, employees are leaving their jobs as long-term care workers in Japan. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) among employees in long-term care, to better understand factors associated with excessive effort and reduced reward. This cross-sectional study included 944 participants providing three types of long-term care: home-based (n=201), community-based (n=128), and institutional (n=615). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with self-reported ERI, where higher ERI scores indicated greater work-related efforts and lower rewards. Key independent variables included type of occupation, employment status, position, daily working hours, job satisfaction, and annual income. Our results showed that low job satisfaction was the sole common factor associated with ERI in employees across all three types of long-term care. Other predictive factors for ERI differed by type of long-term care services. Working longer hours predicted ERI in community-based and institutional care employees, but not home-based care employees. For institutional care employees, being a care manager, holding a position of department head, having family-related stress were risk factors for ERI, suggesting that in this setting, the rewards of higher income and more prestige in leadership positions are offset by greater work-related demands. In conclusion, factors associated with ERI were both common and distinct among employees providing different types of long-term care services. Adjusting work demands and working hours, and identifying unique contributors to ERI within specific long-term care settings may help with job retention in these occupations.
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Rajamäki, Jyri. "Kyberturvallisuuden arvokonfliktit kotona selviytymistä tukevissa terveysteknologiossa: Suunnittelutieteellinen tutkimus kohti eettistä päätöksentekoa." Finnish Journal of eHealth and eWelfare 14, no. 1 (April 14, 2022): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23996/fjhw.111774.
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Terveydenhuollon ja terveyspalveluiden siirtyminen tietoverkkoihin nostaa esiin eettisiä haasteita. Etenkin kun digitaalisia ratkaisuja suunnitellaan ikääntyville kansalaisille, tulee ottaa huomioon heidän oikeutensa ja mahdollisuutensa elää hyvää elämää kotona tai kodinomaisessa ympäristössä. Etiikka ja eettinen osaaminen ovatkin tällöin keskeisessä roolissa suunnittelusta aina toteutukseen ja arviointiin saakka. Etiikkaa on tarkasteltava usealta eri näkökulmalta, mutta samalla valitettavan usein törmätään arvokonflikteihin eri eettisten arvojen ja normien välillä. Tämä suunnittelutieteellinen tutkimus tarkastelee digitaalisten terveyspalveluiden kyberturvallisuuteen liittyviä eettisiä asioita neljän eri viitekehyksen kautta: biolääketieteen etiikka, hoitoalan etiikka, terveydenhuollon informaatioteknologian ydintehtävät ja kyberturvallisuuden arvoklusterit. Tutkimus keskittyy eri näkökulmien välisiin arvokonflikteihin ja esittelee eettisen päätöksenteon avuksi käsitemallin eri viitekehysten samanaikaiseen huomioimiseen. Lisäksi artikkeli käsittelee eettistä päätöksentekoa sumean monikriteerisen päätöksenteon avulla sekä pohtii koneoppimisen ja homomorfisen salauksen avulla tuotettavan digitaalisen kaksosen hyödyntämistä tässä yhteydessä.
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Saito, Mitsumasa, Sharon Y. A. M. Villanueva, Yoshiaki Kawamura, Ken-ichiro Iida, Junko Tomida, Takaaki Kanemaru, Eri Kohno, et al. "Leptospira idonii sp. nov., isolated from environmental water." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_7 (July 1, 2013): 2457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.047233-0.
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Strain Eri-1T was isolated from a water sample on the campus of Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. The motility and morphology of the isolate were similar to those of members of the genus Leptospira , but the spiral structure of the isolate was sharper under dark-field microscopy. Cells were 10.6±1.3 µm long and 0.2 µm in diameter, with a wavelength of 0.9 µm and an amplitude of 0.4 µm. Strain Eri-1T grew in Korthof’s medium at both 13 and 30 °C, and also in the presence of 8-azaguanine. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis placed strain Eri-1T within the radiation of the genus Leptospira where it formed a unique lineage within the clade of the known saprophytic species of the genus Leptospira . The strain was not pathogenic to hamsters. Strain Eri-1T exhibited low levels (11.2–12.6 %) of similarity by DNA–DNA hybridization to the three most closely related species of the genus Leptospira . The DNA G+C content of the genome of strain Eri-1T was 42.5±0.1 mol%. These results suggest that strain Eri-1T represents a novel species of the genus Leptospira , for which the name Leptospira idonii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Eri-1T ( = DSM 26084T = JCM 18486T).
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Guo, Pengli, Mengnan Zeng, Shengchao Wang, Bing Cao, Meng Liu, Yuhan Zhang, Jufang Jia, et al. "Eriodictyol and Homoeriodictyol Improve Memory Impairment in Aβ25–35-Induced Mice by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome." Molecules 27, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082488.
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(1) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and it is now widely accepted that neuroinflammation plays a key role in its pathogenesis. Eriodictyol (Eri) and homoeriodictyol (Hom), dihydroflavonoids extracted from a variety of plants, have been confirmed to display a relationship with neuroprotection. (2) Methods: An AD mouse model was constructed by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the Aβ25–35 peptide, and Eri and Hom were administered orally for 4 weeks. UPLC-MS/MS was used to determine whether Eri and Hom cross the blood–brain barrier to exert their therapeutic effects. Histological changes in the brain and levels of Aβ were evaluated, and Y-maze and new object recognition experiments were conducted to assess the effects of Eri and Hom on Aβ25–35-induced memory impairment in mice. The levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in peripheral immune cells and progenitor cells in the hippocampal region were analyzed by flow cytometry and in vitro assays. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and inflammatory factors in the brain. The effect of nigericin (an agonist of the NLRP3 inflammasome) on Eri and Hom intervention in LPS-induced N9 microglia was examined using a High Content Screening System. (3) Results: Eri and Hom reduced neuronal damage in mouse brain tissue, decreased Aβ levels in the brain, downregulated oxidative stress and apoptosis levels, and improved learning and memory capacity by crossing the blood–brain barrier to exert its effects. Moreover, Eri and Hom inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ameliorated immune cell disorder. Furthermore, the effect of Eri and Hom on LPS-induced N9 microglia disappeared after the addition of nigericin to agonize NLRP3 receptors. (4) Conclusions: Eri and Hom improved Aβ25–35-induced memory impairment in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Djanieb, Syamsudin. "KELAYAKAN PROSES TEKNOLOGI ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION AND IDENTIFICATION PADA PELAYANAN REGIDENT RANMOR GUNA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS MUTU PELAYANAN PUBLIK." Jurnal Litbang Polri 23, no. 2 (August 27, 2020): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46976/litbangpolri.v23i2.105.
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Korlantas Polri telah meluncurkan program nasional Electronic Registration and Identification (ERI) sejak tahun 2017 ke seluruh Polda dengan tujuan untuk membangun database regident ranmor nasional, memberikan layanan terintegrasi BPKB dan STNK, dan menyediakan akses pemanfaatan data Regident Ranmor secara nasional. Penelitian ERI dilakukan untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah yaitu pengiriman data agar hemat web service, terintegrasinya layanan BPKB dan STNK agar tidak perlu entri data ulang, penyediaan akses data regident ranmor, dan penyimpanan arsip dokumen ranmor secara digital untuk menghemat ruangan dan memudahkan pengelolaan data. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dan observasi di 6 Polda, sistem ERI di Polda Lampung dan Polda Kalteng telah berjalan baik melayani BPKB dan STNK, dan telah berhasil mengirimkan data regident ranmor ke Korlantas melalui jaringan Internet. Perangkat dan jaringan ERI sudah digelar di Polda Jateng dan di Polda Bali namun belum dimanfaatkan karena masih sedang dilakukan uji coba layanan BPKB. Data regident ranmor dari Polda Jateng dan Polda Bali telah dikirimkan ke Korlantas melalui jaringan Internet. Perangkat dan jaringan ERI belum digelar di Polda Sultra dan di Polda Sumsel karena masuk dalam program ERI tahun 2019.
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Bronzato-Badial, Aline, Jonas King, and Maria Tomaso-Peterson. "Monitoring Ectotrophic Root-Infecting Fungi Associated with Bermudagrass Putting Green Roots Using Quantitative Multiplex Assays." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-02-20-0010-rs.
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Bermudagrass decline (BD) is a destructive root rot disease of hybrid bermudagrass putting greens in the southeastern United States. Previous studies reported a single ectotrophic root-infecting (ERI) fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis, associated with BD. Recently, three novel ERI fungi, Gaeumannomyces sp., Magnaporthiopsis cynodontis, and Candidacolonium cynodontis, have also been associated with BD. Current diagnostic methods for identification can be inconclusive and inaccurate for distinguishing these ERI fungal species. Here, we present the development and application of novel real-time PCR assays designed to detect four selected ERI fungi associated with BD. The distribution of these ERI fungi in hybrid bermudagrass samples collected from putting greens and fairways throughout the southeastern United States was also assessed. In addition, we established a reliable and rapid protocol to simultaneously detect these selected fungi directly from bermudagrass root tissue. The limit of detection for each assay was as low as 1 pg/µl of DNA per reaction, proving the sensitivity of the method to detect low quantities of fungal DNA when present in bermudagrass roots. The presence of the selected ERI fungi was detected in 36 of 37 bermudagrass root samples, with one fungus having a wider distribution among the samples tested and two fungi with greater DNA quantities when compared with the bermudagrass roots. The novel assays provide a reliable method for accurate detection of the four selected ERI fungi. The acute sensitivity of each assay makes it a viable tool for early detection of ERI fungi in hybrid bermudagrass roots.
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Wang, Shuo, Kristy Sanderson, Alison Venn, Terence Dwyer, and Seana Gall. "Association between childhood health, socioeconomic and school-related factors and effort-reward imbalance at work: a 25-year follow-up study." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 1 (August 5, 2017): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104308.
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ObjectivesStress pathways can have origins in childhood, but few early predictors have been explored in relation to adult job stress. This study examined whether childhood school, health or socioeconomic factors were associated with adult job stress.MethodsData came from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study that began in 1985 with children aged 7–15 years who reported effortreward imbalance (ERI) scales at ages 31–41 years. Linear regression assessed the association between childhood factors and adult ERI adjusted for age and socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and adulthood.ResultsThere were between 999 and 1390 participants in each analysis. Lower adulthood ERI, indicating less job stress, was predicted by several school-related factors in men. For example, each higher category of learner self-concept was associated with a 19% (95% CI – 32% to 6%) reduction in adult ERI, and each unit increase in academic attainment was associated with a 15% (95% CI –28% to 3%) reduction in adult ERI. Childhood health was associated with adult ERI. For example, in women, overweight children had 14% (95% CI 5% to 22%) higher adult ERI scores compared with healthy weight children, and each unit of negative affect was associated with 2% (95% CI 1% to 4%) increase in adult ERI. Adult SEP had no effect on these associations for men but explained some of the effect in women. Childhood SEP had inconsistent associations with adult ERI.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a range of childhood socioeconomic, school- and health-related factors might contribute to the development of job stress in adulthood.
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Wang, Wen Zhong, Li Shan Fan, Mei Du, Lei Zhao, and Ting Zhu. "The Development of 14.5Tex Eri-Silk/Bamboo Fiber 65/35 Blended Yarn for Knitting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.378.
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In order to develope the eri-silk/bamboo fiber blended yarn for knitting, the authors analyze the main qualities of eri-silk and bamboo pulp, explain the method of pre-processing the eri-silk stapes in detail and the spinning technique of the eri-silki staple and bamboo pulp fiber blended yarn. Various measures are taken to deal with the problems such as the smooth surface, weak cohesive force, too much yarn hairness. This kind of new yarn has a good prospect. It can further improve the technique, improve the yarn strength and production effectiveness, lower the cost and better satisfy the consumers.
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R.P., Kavane. "REARING PERFORMANCE OF ERI SILKWORM (PHILOSAMIA RICINI) FROM WARANA HILLY REGION AREA, KOLHAPUR, MAHARASHTRA." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 01 (January 31, 2023): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16020.
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An attempt was made to rear the eri silkworm, Philosamia ricini on the leaves of caster and reared under laboratory condition. It was observed that the caster is a primary potential host of eri silkworm. The growth parameters and cocoon characters of the eri silkworm reared on caster leaves were normal. The eri silkworm successfully lasted its life cycle ranged from 38 to 40 days. The effective rate of rearing, weight of pre-spinning larvae, cocoon, shell and pupae ranged from 70 to 75 per cent, 6 to 7 g, 3.01 to 3.05 g, 0.40 to 0.45g, 2.50 to 2.70g, respectively. Parameters such as length of cocoon shell, width of shell, shell thickness etc. The fecundity ranged from 400 to 425 eggs. Rearing performance of eri silkworm is a need in western Maharashtra for a future development of raw silk production.
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Zhou, Jun, Jiule Ding, Jie Chen, Qiong Wu, Dehui Xiang, and Wei Xing. "Association between Quantitative Classification of Renal Surface Nodularity and Early Renal Injury in Patients with Arterial Hypertension." International Journal of Hypertension 2022 (March 4, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1553700.
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Background. This study sought to explore the association between quantitative classification of renal surface nodularity (qRSN) based on computed tomography (CT) imaging and early renal injury (ERI) in patients with arterial hypertension. Methods. A total of 143 patients with a history of hypertension were retrospectively enrolled; clinical information (age, sex, hypertension grade, and hypertension course), laboratory tests, and qRSN were collected or assessed. The subjects were divided into an ERI group (n = 60) or a control group (CP, n = 83) according to ERI diagnosis based on the following criteria: cystatin C > 1.02 mg/L. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the association between ERI and qRSN. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to compare multiple logistic regression models with or without qRSN for differentiating the ERI group from the control group. Results. In univariate analysis, hypertension grade, hypertension course, triglycerides (TG), and qRSN were related to ERI in patients with arterial hypertension (all P < 0.1 ), with strong interrater agreement of qRSN. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.697 in the model without qRSN and 0.790 in the model with qRSN, which was significantly different (Z = 2.314, P = 0.021 ). Conclusion. CT imaging-based qRSN was associated with ERI in patients with arterial hypertension and may be an imaging biomarker of early renal injury.
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Jackson, Bradley C., Iordanka A. Ivanova, and Lina Dagnino. "An ELMO2-RhoG-ILK network modulates microtubule dynamics." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 14 (July 5, 2015): 2712–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1444.
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ELMO2 belongs to a family of scaffold proteins involved in phagocytosis and cell motility. ELMO2 can simultaneously bind integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and RhoG, forming tripartite ERI complexes. These complexes are involved in promoting β1 integrin–dependent directional migration in undifferentiated epidermal keratinocytes. ELMO2 and ILK have also separately been implicated in microtubule regulation at integrin-containing focal adhesions. During differentiation, epidermal keratinocytes cease to express integrins, but ERI complexes persist. Here we show an integrin-independent role of ERI complexes in modulation of microtubule dynamics in differentiated keratinocytes. Depletion of ERI complexes by inactivating the Ilk gene in these cells reduces microtubule growth and increases the frequency of catastrophe. Reciprocally, exogenous expression of ELMO2 or RhoG stabilizes microtubules, but only if ILK is also present. Mechanistically, activation of Rac1 downstream from ERI complexes mediates their effects on microtubule stability. In this pathway, Rac1 serves as a hub to modulate microtubule dynamics through two different routes: 1) phosphorylation and inactivation of the microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin and 2) phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3β, which leads to the activation of CRMP2, promoting microtubule growth. At the cellular level, the absence of ERI species impairs Ca2+-mediated formation of adherens junctions, critical to maintaining mechanical integrity in the epidermis. Our findings support a key role for ERI species in integrin-independent stabilization of the microtubule network in differentiated keratinocytes.
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Wang, Wen Zhong, Lei Zhao, and Li Shan Fan. "The Study on Eri-Silk Degumming Process Optimization and its Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.384.
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Study the influence of eri-silk degumming process for degumming results of 2709 alkaline protease; combined with the orthogonal experimental analysis of high degumming rate and breaking strength of the best eri-silk degumming process, and then compare the optimized extracted eri-silk with mulberry silk, virgin silk, cotton, wool and ramie fibers for their fineness, mechanical properties, and friction performance comparison. The results show that the 2709 alkaline protease can effectively remove silkgum, and that the amount of enzyme is the main factor affecting degumming rate; pH value is the main factors for the breaking strength. Comparing with other fibers, eri-silks average fineness is smaller, breaking strength and initial modulus tend to be larger, but their coefficient of variation also tend to be larger. Besides, eri-silkis breaking elongation is not as good as wool and silk, but better than other fibers. Natural silks dynamic and static coefficient of tangential impedance is lower in comparison with other natural fibers. Ramie has the largest tangential resistance factor. Among the natural silks, the eri-silks tangential impedance coefficient is greater than tussah and smaller than mulberry silk.
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Locatelli, Francesco, Simeone Andrulli, Sara Maria Viganò, Massimo Concetti, Sauro Urbini, Franca Giacchino, Roberto Broccoli, et al. "Evaluation of the Impact of a New Synthetic Vitamin E-Bonded Membrane on the Hypo-Responsiveness to the Erythropoietin Therapy in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Study." Blood Purification 43, no. 4 (2017): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453442.
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Background: Oxidative stress has been related to hypo-response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to verify whether vitamin E (ViE) on a synthetic polysulfone dialyzer can improve ESA responsiveness. Methods: This controlled, multicenter study involved 93 HD patients on stable ESA therapy, who were randomized to either ViE-coated polysulfone dialyzer or to a low-flux synthetic dialyzer. The primary outcome measure was the change in ESA resistance index (ERI) from baseline. Results: Mean ERI decreased in the ViE group by 1.45 IU/kg*g/dl and increased in the control group by 0.53 IU/kg*g/dl, with a mean difference of 1.98 IU/kg*g/dl (p = 0.001 after adjusting for baseline ERI, as foreseen by the study protocol). Baseline ERI was inversely related to its changes during follow-up only in the control group (R2 = 0.29). Conclusions: The ViE dialyzer can improve ESA response in HD patients. Changes in ERI during follow-up are independent from baseline ERI only in the ViE group. Video Journal Club ‘Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco' at http://www.karger.com/?doi=453442.
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Vieira, Charles de Souza, Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida, Alfredo Anderson Teixeira-Araujo, Loumaíra Carvalho da Cruz, Thamires Santos do Vale, and Sérgio Rodrigues Moreira. "Óleo essencial de eucalipto e resposta cardiovascular em idosos após sessão aguda de exercício isométrico." Saúde e Pesquisa 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2020v13n3p561-570.
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O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar o efeito agudo do óleo essencial de eucalipto (OEE) nas respostas cardiovasculares de repouso e após sessão de exercício resistido isométrico (ERI). Vinte idosos, após serem submetidos a sessões experimentais com inalação de OEE ou condição controle, permaneceram em recuperação durante 60 min (Rec-60’) para depois realizaram três séries de 1 min (1 min de recuperação entre séries) no ERI, para membro superior dominante em aparelho de preensão manual, com intensidade de 30% da contração voluntária máxima (ERI-30%). Intervalos R-R (iRR) e medidas no domínio da frequência (low frequency – LF e high frequency – HF) além da pressão arterial (PA), frequência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP) foram avaliados. Não ocorreram diferenças (p>0,05) quando comparadas as sessões (OEE vs.controle) na Rec-60’ e ERI-30%. Diferenças foram encontradas no fator tempo do repouso para Rec-60’ nas variáveis FC e iRR e do repouso para ERI-30% na PA sistólica, PA diastólica e DP. A inalação do OEE não proporcionou alterações significativas nas respostas cardiovasculares e autonômicas de idosos no repouso e após sessão de ERI-30%.
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Hwang, Jung Eun, Na Jin Kim, Nani Kwon, and Su Young Kim. "An Effort-Reward Imbalance Model to Study Engagement and Burnout: A Pilot Study." Journal of Education and Development 3, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v3i2.542.
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Introduction: Medical students are motivated to engage actively in their studies. Yet at least 50% of medical students suffer from academic burnout. Using a social environmental perspective, this pilot study tested six hypotheses to account for medical student engagement and burnout via an effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model.Methods: This study measured ERI, over-commitment, engagement, burnout, negative affect, demographic variables, and test results during 2017. Seventy-nine medical students at a college of medicine in Seoul, Republic of Korea completed the online questionnaires (response rate: 20.73%). We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine the effects of ERI ratio, over-commitment, and the interaction between ERI ratio and over-commitment on engagement and burnout after adjusting for demographic variables and negative affect.Results: The ERI ratio was negatively related to engagement (p < 0.05), but over-commitment was positively related to engagement (p < 0.05). For burnout, affiliation, age, and negative affect were significant predictors. The ERI ratio was positively associated with burnout (p < 0.05). When we performed regression analyses on three sub-dimensions of engagement and burnout, the factors that affected each sub-dimension were different.Discussion: This pilot study revealed that the ERI ratio in school settings is a common factor for explaining the engagement and burnout of medical students. In addition, over-commitment significantly accounted for engagement, but it did not significantly account for burnout. These results for over-commitment may be explained by the unique characteristics of medical students.
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Diederich, Toni. "swager, -eri m. der Schwager." Geschichte in Köln 54, no. 1 (December 2007): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/gik.2007.54.1.241.
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