Academic literature on the topic 'Erich Fromm -having mode'

Friday the thirteenth is supposed to be the unlucky day, but for ex-King Eric XIV of Sweden it must have been a Thursday, because Thursdays are pea-soup days, at least in Sweden and Finland. It may only be a persistent myth that the arsenic trioxide (As2O3), which probably killed him, was put in his pea-soup on the order of his half-brother John III. That is, the pea-soup bit may be a myth, not that his brother John was the instigator. He had already held his schizophrenic older brother Eric prisoner for nine years, and a number of incriminating documents have been preserved. Eric died in 1577, and his fate mirrors that of Mary Stuart, who was sentenced to a more conventional execution by her cousin Elizabeth I ten years later. Oddly enough Eric had, with a certain hubris one must say, tried to negotiate marriages with both these distinguished ladies, and was only a few days from sailing off to meet Elizabeth in person when his father Gustav Wasa died in 1560 distracting him with other matters for a while. In 1577 there was no good way to analyse arsenic and establish murder by poison, but in 1829 the situation was different. When John Bodle was tried for having murdered his grandfather, octogenarian George Bodle, on his farm in Plumstead near Woolwich, the prosecution could provide an expert witness, James Marsh, inventor and (among other things) assistant to Michael Faraday. Marsh, through the foresight of the local police, who were already suspicious, and had preserved both the last coffee George Bodle had drunk and his stomach contents, analysed both for arsenic. This he did by adding hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a foul-smelling, flammable, and poisonous gas that used to haunt undergraduate chemistry labs when I was young. Dangerous as it may be, rather elementary precautions make it safe to handle H2S even for first-year students, and it was used in much the same way as by Marsh—for hunting down metal ions.

Zachary T. Ball of Rice University found (Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 1401) that the on-bead performance of a designed Rh- peptide complex was markedly superior to the corre­sponding solution catalysis for the addition of 2 to 1 to give 3. Jin-Quan Yu of Scripps/La Jolla achieved (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 8138) remarkable ee in the conversion of 4 to 5. Adriaan J. Minnaard of the University of Groningen developed (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2014, 356, 2061) practical conditions for enantioselective conjugate addi­tion– enolate trapping, converting 6 to 8. Alexandre Alexakis of the University of Geneva had reported (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 118) related results. Jérôme Waser of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne assembled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 6239) the amino cyclopentane 11 by adding 9 to 10. Jean-Luc Vasse of the Université de Reims used (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 1506) the Schwartz reagent to cyclize 12 to 13. Eric V. Johnston and Armando Córdova of the University of Stockholm combined (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 3447) Pd and organocatalysis in a cascade of first oxi­dation of 14, then conjugate addition by 15, then cyclization to 16. Professor Alexakis found (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 2006) that the enolate from con­jugate addition to 17 could be trapped with a nitroalkene 18 to give, after in situ Nef reaction, the 1,4-diketone 19. Fangzhi Peng and Zhihui Shao of Yunnan University added (Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 6112) malonate to the nitro alkene 20 to give an inter­mediate that could be carried to the cyclohexanone 21. Masahisa Nakada of Waseda University devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2014, 55, 1100) a cascade conjugate reduc­tion—intramolecular conjugate addition to cyclize 22 to 23. Hye-Young Jang of Ajou University dimerized (Synthesis 2014, 46, 1329) cinnamaldehyde 24 with nitrometh­ane to give the fully-substituted cyclohexanol 25. In a remarkable cascade transformation, Joëlle Prunet of the University of Glasgow used (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 3300) the Zhang Ru catalyst to cyclize 26 to the taxol skeleton 27. In an even more remarkable transformation, Professor Nakada showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2014, 55, 1597) that cascade conjugate addition– conjugate addition converted 28 to 29, having the rare chair- boat- chair skeleton of the biologically potent fusidic acid and brasilicardin A.