Academic literature on the topic 'Ericsson cycle'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ericsson cycle"
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Haseli, Y. "Substance Independence of Efficiency of a Class of Heat Engines Undergoing Two Isothermal Processes." Journal of Thermodynamics 2011 (May 25, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/647937.
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Three power producing cycles have been so far known that include two isothermal processes, namely, Carnot, Stirling, and Ericsson. It is well known that the efficiency of the Carnot cycle represented by is independent of its working fluid. Using fundamental relationships between thermodynamic properties including Maxwell's relationships, this paper shows in a closed form that the Ericsson and the Stirling cycles also possess the Carnot efficiency irrespective of the nature of the working gas.
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He, Jizhou, Jincan Chen, and Chih Wu. "Optimization on the Performance Characteristics of a Magnetic Ericsson Refrigeration Cycle Affected by Multi-Irreversibilities." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 125, no. 4 (November 18, 2003): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1616037.
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A general irreversible cycle model of a magnetic Ericsson refrigerator is established. The irreversibilities in the cycle model result from the finite-rate heat transfer between the working substance and the external heat reservoirs, the inherent regenerative loss, the additional regenerative loss due to thermal resistances, and the heat leak loss between the external heat reservoirs. The cycle model is used to optimize the performance of the magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle. The fundamental optimum relation between the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance of the cycle is derived. The maximum coefficient of performance, maximum cooling rate and other relevant important parameters are calculated. The optimal operating region of the cycle is determined. The results obtained here are very general and will be helpful for the optimal design and operation of the magnetic Ericsson refrigerators.
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Baglivo, Cristina, Paolo Maria Congedo, and Pasquale Antonio Donno. "Analysis of Thermodynamic Cycles of Heat Pumps and Magnetic Refrigerators Using Mathematical Models." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040909.
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This paper proposes a critical review of the different aspects concerning magnetic refrigeration systems, and performs a detailed analysis of thermodynamic cycles, using mathematical models found in the literature. Langevin’s statistical mechanical theory faithfully describes the physical operation of a refrigeration machine working according to a magnetic Ericsson cycle. Results of mathematical and real experimental models are compared to deduce which best describes the Ericsson cycle. The theoretical data are not perfectly consistent with the experimental data; there is a maximum deviation of about 30%. Numerical and experimental data confirm that very high Coefficient of Performance (COP) values of more than 20 can be achieved. The analysis of the Brayton cycle consisted of finding the mathematical model that considers the irreversibility of these machines. Starting from the thermodynamic properties of magnetocaloric materials based on statistical mechanics, the efficiency of an irreversible Brayton regenerative magnetic refrigeration cycle is studied. Considering the irreversibility in adiabatic transformations, the lower limit of the optimal ratio of two magnetic fields is determined, obtaining a valid optimization criterion for these machines operating according to a Brayton cycle. The results show that the Ericsson cycle achieves a higher Coefficient of Performance than the Brayton cycle, which has a higher cooling capacity as it operates with a larger temperature difference between the magnetocaloric material and source.
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Yang, Hui Shan. "The Influence of Thermal Resistances and Nonperfect Regenerative Losses on the Performance of a Ferroelectric Ericsson Refrigerator." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.168.
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Using the finite-time thermodynamics, the influence of thermal resistances and nonperfect regenerative losses on the optimal performance of a ferroelectric Ericsson refrigeration-cycle is analyzed. Based on the thermodynamics properties of ferroelectric materials and a linear heat-transfer law, the inherent regenerative losses in the cycle are calculated and the fundamental optimum relations and other relevant performance parameters are determined. The ecological optimization criterion of the refrigerator is derived. The results obtained here may reveal the general characteristics of the ferroelectric Ericsson refrigeration cycle.
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Wang, Jun Yi, Gildas Diguet, Guo Xing Lin, and Jin Can Chen. "Performance Characteristics of a Magnetic Ericsson Refrigeration Cycle Using La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13H1 or Gd as the Working Substance." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.322.
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Based on the experimental characteristics of iso-field entropy varying with temperature for the room-temperature magnetic refrigeration material La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13H1 or Gd, the regenerative Ericsson refrigeration cycle using La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13H1 or Gd as the working substance is established and their thermodynamic performances are evaluated and analyzed. By means of numerical calculation, the influence of non-perfect regeneration on the main thermodynamic performances of the cycle is revealed and discussed. Furthermore, the coefficient of performance (COP), non-perfect regenerative heat quantity, and net cooling quantity of the Ericsson refrigeration cycle using La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13H1 or Gd as the working substance are compared. The results obtained show that it is beneficial to the cooling quantity of the cycles using La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13H1 or Gd as the working substance to operate in the region of Tcold >T0 and, at the condition of a same temperature span, the cooling quantity for La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13H1 is larger than that for Gd.
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Smaı̈li, A., and R. Chahine. "Composite materials for Ericsson-like magnetic refrigeration cycle." Journal of Applied Physics 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364166.
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Frost, T. H., A. Anderson, and B. Agnew. "A hybrid gas turbine cycle (Brayton/Ericsson): An alternative to conventional combined gas and steam turbine power plant." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 211, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650971537042.
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A hybrid gas turbine cycle is proposed based on the conventional Brayton cycle for the high-temperature heat addition process while adopting the Ericsson cycle for the low-temperature heat rejection process. It thus incorporates the thermodynamic advantages of a combined gas and steam turbine (CCGT) cycle without the irrevcrsibilities of the boiler and the ancillarics of the steam turbine/condenser plant. Thermodynamic analysis shows that a similar overall thermal efficiency as current CCGT plant (i.e. 0.54) would be achieved at a maximum gas temperature of 1311 °C if polytropic efficiencies of 0.90 for compression and expansion could be realized and if a maximum temperature of 77 °C was obtained during isothermal compression in the bottoming Ericsson cycle. A novel method of achieving multistage isothermal compression using heat pipe technology is proposed.
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Blank, D. A., and C. Wu. "Cooling and heating rate limits of a reversed reciprocating ericsson cycle at steady state." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 214, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650001537877.
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The optimal cooling and heating rates for the reversed reciprocating Ericsson cycle with ideal regeneration are determined for heat pump operations. These limiting rates are based on the upper and lower thermal reservoir temperature bounds and are obtained using time and entropy minimization procedures from irreversible thermodynamics. Use is made of time symmetry (a second law constraint) to minimize cycle time. This optimally allocates the thermal capacitances of the cycle and minimizes internal cycle entropy generation. Although primarily a theoretical work, a very practical and extensive parametric study using several environmentally friendly working fluids (neon, nitrogen and helium) is included. This study evaluates the relative contributions of various system parameters to rate-optimized design. The coefficient of performance (COP), and thus the quantity of cooling or heating for a given energy input, is the traditional focus; instead this work aims at the rate of cooling or heating in heat pumps under steady state conditions and using ideal gases as their working substances. The results obtained provide additional criteria for use in the study, design and performance evaluation of employing Ericsson cycles in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump applications. They give direct insight into what is required in designing a reversed Ericsson heat pump to achieve maximum heating and cooling rates. The choices of working fluids and pressure ratios were found to be very significant design parameters, together with selection of regenerator and source—sink heat transfer parameters. The parameter most influencing both the heating and cooling mode COPs and the heat transfer rates was found to be the heat conductance of the thermal sink.
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Chen, F. C., R. W. Murphy, V. C. Mei, and G. L. Chen. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Four Magnetic Heat-Pump Cycles." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906647.
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Magnetic heat pumps have been successfully used for refrigeration applications at near absolute-zero-degree temperatures. In these applications, a temperature lift of a few degrees in a cryogenic environment is sufficient and can be easily achieved by a simple magnetic heat-pump cycle. To extend magnetic heat pumping to other temperature ranges and other types of application in which the temperature lift is more than just a few degrees requires more involved cycle processes. The possible cycle applications include cooling of superconducting transmission lines, space conditioning, and industrial heating. This paper investigates the characteristics of a few better-known thermomagnetic heat-pump cycles (Carnot, Ericsson, Stirling, and regenerative) in extended ranges of temperature lift. The regenerative cycle is the most efficient one. Cycle analyses were done for gadolinium operating between 0 and 7 Tesla, and with a heat-rejection temperature of 320 K. The analysis results predicted a 42 percent reduction in coefficient of performance at 260 K cooling temperature and a 15 percent reduction in capacity at 232 K cooling temperature for the magnetic Ericsson cycle as compared with the ideal regenerative cycle. Such substantial penalties indicate that the potential irreversibilities from this one source may adversely affect the viability of certain proposed MHP concepts if the relevant loss mechanisms are not adequately addressed.
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Kussul, Ernst, Oleksandr Makeyev, Tatiana Baidyk, and Omar Olvera. "Design of Ericsson Heat Engine with Micro Channel Recuperator." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/613642.
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Stirling cycle and Rankine cycle heat engines are used to transform the heat energy of solar concentrators to mechanical and electrical energy. The Rankine cycle is used for large-scale solar power plants. The Stirling cycle can be used for small-scale solar power plants. The Stirling cycle heat engine has many advantages such as high efficiencyand long service life. However, the Stirling cycle is good for high-temperature difference. It demands the use of expensive materials. Its efficiency depends on the efficiency of the heat regenerator. The design and manufacture of a heat regenerator are not a trivial problem because the regenerator has to be placed in the internal space of the engine. It is possible to avoid this problem if we place the regenerator out of the internal engine space. To realize this idea it is necessary to develop the Ericsson cycle heat engine. We propose theoretical model and design of this engine.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ericsson cycle"
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Hussey, Joseph. "The development of a prototype external heat engine based on the Ericsson cycle." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7687.
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Includes bibliographical references.The aim of this thesis was to develop a prototype external heat engine based on the Ericsson cycle, as an alternative to the internal combustion engine, to be used as a small-scale power source for rural Africa. Subsequently test and evaluate its viability and potential to fulfil the requirements of such an application. Despite the wide range of possible prime movers, it appears there is still a need for a simple, low-tech, low-output power plant for developing countries. This created an opportunity to revisit the origins of basic engine design in order to seek an alternative solution to the modern internal combustion engine. The hot air or external heat engine developed in the l800's provides an attractive alternative as it has a number of advantages over the modem internal combustion engine. A hot air engine is a cyclical heat engine that uses an external heat source, heat exchangers, pistons and a gaseous working fluid contained within the engine to convert heat to mechanical work by volumetric expansion. The project looked at old and new engines in an attempt to capture the best of both. Two experimental engines were constructed during the course of this project, the first engine was built to provide insight into the functioning of an unconventional external heat engine and to test the validity of theoretical predictions made using a thermodynamic computer model. This engine was designed to function off a cycle consisting of a polytropic compression, a polytropic expansion with heat addition and a constant volume heat rejection process, achieved using a two-stroke principal to exchange the hot exhaust gas with cold recharge gas. Based on experience gained from this model, the second generation engine was designed to circumvent the problems experienced with the first engine. It functioned off a near Ericsson cycle, with the compression and expansion truncated for practical purposes and valve control being achieved with solenoid valves controlled by a computer. A thermodynamic computer model similar to the one used for the first engine was employed to optimise the design of this engine. Experimental investigations were carried out with the Ericsson engine to examine how closely the actual cycle resembled that predicted by the thermodynamic model and to determine engine performance. The power and mean effective pressure produced by the engine were determined and compared with friction data. Hence the potential of this engine to meet the criteria necessary to function as a small-scale rural power source was judged and resultant conclusions as to the engines feasibility were drawn. The actual pressure-volume diagrams obtained closely conformed to the theoretical expectations for the cycle and the truncated Ericsson cycle functioned sufficiently well. However, the friction in the system was too high a percentage of the total engine output and therefore the engine was unable to operate unaided. Although the hot air engine has the potential to provide cheap power efficiently, in practice these engines need to be highly pressurised and run at temperatures close to their material limit in order to obtain useful work from them. Therefore, although with the use of low friction seals and high pressurisation the engine could potentially produce the 5kW design target, due to the complexity these efforts would add to the engine it is recommended that other options be explored for rural power generation in Africa.
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Fula, Rojas Manuel Alejandro. "Modélisation thermique, thermodynamique et expérimentation d'un moteur ericsson a air chaud a cycle de joule." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3055/document.
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Avec l'épuisement des ressources naturelles, notamment les sources d’énergies fossiles, les énergies renouvelables sont à nouveau considérées comme une alternative réelle pour la transition énergétique des pays industrialisés.Les moteurs à apport de chaleur externe comme le Stirling et son « cousin » le moteur Ericsson peuvent valoriser de multiples sources -renouvelables ou non- d'énergie thermique. Le moteur Ericsson est ainsi particulièrement bien adapté pour la conversion de l’énergie solaire ou de la biomasse en électricité dans des applications de microcogénération.Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la continuation des travaux théoriques et expérimentaux sur le moteur Ericsson réalisés au LaTEP de l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes principalement intéressés auxtransferts thermiques entre le fluide de travail et les parois des cylindres de compression et de détente du moteur. Un premier modèle, global, a permis de déterminer dans quelles conditions ces transferts thermiques peuvent améliorer les performances du système énergétique considéré. Un second modèle, ‘intracycle’, a permis d’évaluer les transfertsthermiques instantanés dans les cylindres à partir des corrélations habituellement utilisées dans les moteurs à combustion interne. Le prototype de moteur Ericsson a alors été équipé de différents capteurs de pression et de températures, ces derniers étant constitués de micro-thermocouples. Les relevés de température instantanée dans lecylindre de compression sont présentés commentés et comparés aux résultats obtenus par le modèle « intracycle »With exhaustion of natural resources, in particular the fossil energy sources, renewable energies are again regarded as a real alternative for the needed energy transition of the industrialized countries. The "hot air engines" like the Stirling engine and his “cousin” the Ericsson engine, can use multiple thermal sources - renewable or not -. The Ericsson engine is thus particularly well adapted for solar or biomass energy conversion in electricity or for microcogeneration purposes. This thesis is a continuation of the theoretical and experimental work on the Ericsson engine realized in the LaTEP of theUniversity of Pau (France). In this work, we are mainly interested in the - in-cylinder - heat transfer between the working gas and the walls of the compression and expansion cylinders of the Ericsson engine. A first original model made possible to determine under which conditions these heat transfers can improve the performances of the energy system considered. A second model, “intracycle”, allowed to evaluate the instantaneous heat transfers in the cylinders starting from the correlations usually used in the internal combustion engines, reciprocating compressors and pneumatic springs. The Ericsson prototype was then equipped with various pressure and temperature gauges, the latter consisting of K-type microthermocouples of 25 and 12,5μm wires. The results of instantaneous temperature measurements in the compression cylinder are presented, commented and compared with the results obtained by the “intracycle” model
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Lontsi, Frédéric. "Modélisation dynamique des moteurs thermiques alternatifs à apport de chaleur externe à cycle de Joule : (Moteurs Ericsson)." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3014.
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Comme le moteur Stirling, le moteur Ericsson est un moteur thermique volumétrique alternatif à apport de chaleur externe. Il se distingue du moteur Stirling par le fait qu'il fonctionne selon un cycle thermodynamique de Joule. Le moteur Ericsson, dont deux configurations sont considérées dans cette étude, est particulièrement intéressant pour la conversion d'énergie solaire de petite puissance et la microcogénération à partir de combustibles fossiles ou de la biomasse. Le modèle dynamique de cette machine, objet de ce travail, est développé en vue d'en vérifier la stabilité de fonctionnement et de maîtriser son comportement dans les phases transitoires. Les modèles sont implémentés dans une plate-forme Matlab/Simulink. Le réglage optimal des soupapes du cylindre de détente ainsi que les paramètres caractéristiques du moteur sont déterminés. Ces résultats permettent d'anticiper les éventuelles difficultés liées aux transitoires et aux variations de charge, et concourent au développement des stratégies pour les éviter tout en permettant une bonne conduite des installations intégrant ces moteurs. Le moteur modélisé fonctionne en cycle ouvert. Deux configurations ont été modélisées, la première sans échangeur récupérateur, la seconde avec récupérateur. Dans les deux cas, les simulations montrent que le système réagit bien aux perturbations et que le fonctionnement du moteur simulé se stabilise après des phases transitoires de durées et d’impacts variables, selon le type de perturbation provoquéeAs the Stirling engine, the Ericsson engine is a reciprocating engine run by the help of external heat. But the Ericsson engine operates according to the Joule’s thermodynamic cycles. This engine, for which two configurations are considered in this study, is particularly suitable for the conversion of low power solar energy and micro-CHP from fossil fuels biomass. The dynamic model of this engine that forms the subject of this work is developed in order to explain its transient behaviour. The models are implemented in a Matlab / Simulink platform. The optimal adjustments of the expander valves as well as the characteristic parameters of the engine are determined. These results allow anticipating the possible difficulties connected to the transients and to the variations of load, and contribute to the development of strategies to avoid them, while enabling the correct driving of the installations that use these engines. The modelled engine operates according to an open cycle. Two configurations have been modelled, the first one without, and the second one with a recuperator heat exchanger. In both cases, the simulation results indicate that the system reacts well to disturbances and that the operation of the simulated engine stabilizes after transients phases of variable impacts and durations, according to the type of provoked disturbance
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Creyx, Marie. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d’une unité de micro-cogénération biomasse avec moteur Ericsson." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0026/document.
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La micro-cogénération, production simultanée d’électricité et de chaleur à échelle domestique, se développe actuellement en Europe du fait notamment de son intérêt en termes d’économie d’énergie primaire. L’utilisation d’un combustible biomasse dans un système de micro-cogénération contribue à augmenter la part d’énergie renouvelable dans le mix énergétique. L’objet de ce travail est le développement d’un banc d’essai d’une unité de micro-cogénération biomasse composée d’une chaudière à pellets, d’un moteur à air chaud de type Ericsson (décomposé en une partie compression et une partie détente) et d’un échangeur gaz brûlés-air pressurisé inséré dans la chaudière. Des modèles de chacun de ces composants ont été établis pour caractériser leur fonctionnement sur la plage de réglage des paramètres influents et pour dimensionner l’unité prototype. Deux modèles du moteur Ericsson, en régime permanent et en régime dynamique, ont été mis en place. Ils ont montré l’influence prépondérante sur les performances du moteur des conditions de température et pression de l’air en entrée de détente et des réglages des instants de fermeture des soupapes. L’effet de la prise en compte des pertes dynamiques (pertes de charge, pertes thermiques à la paroi du cylindre, frottements mécaniques) sur l’estimation des performances du moteur a été étudié. Deux modélisations de l’échangeur ont permis de caractériser les transferts thermiques qui le traversent, incluant le rayonnement et l’encrassement par des particules de suie du côté des gaz brûlés. Le banc d’essai de l’unité de micro-cogénération mis en placeNowadays, the micro combined heat and electrical power (micro-CHP) systems are developing in Europe, in particular because of their interest in terms of primary energy savings. The use of biomass fuel in micro-CHP systems enhances the share of renewable energy in the energy mix. The objective of this work is to develop a test bench for a biomass-fuelled micro-CHP unit composed of a pellet boiler, an Ericsson type hot air engine (decomposed into a compression and an expansion part) and a burned gas-pressurized air heat exchanger inserted in the boiler. Models of every component have been established to characterize their working conditions depending on influent parameter settings and to size the micro-CHP unit. Two models of Ericsson engine, with established and dynamic regimes, were implemented. The preponderant influence of the temperature and pressure conditions at the inlet of the expansion cylinder and of the timing of valve closing on the engine performances are shown. The dynamic model shows the effect of considering the dynamic losses (pressure loss, heat transfer at the cylinder wall, mechanical friction) on the estimation of engine performances. Two models of the heat exchanger allow the characterization of the heat transfers crossing it, taking into account the radiation and the fouling by soot particles on the side of combustion gases. Experimental measurements obtained from the test bench of the micro-CHP unit set up were used in the developed models
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Touré, Abdou. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'un moteur Ericsson à cycle de Joule pour conversion thermodynamique de l'énergie solaire ou pour micro-cogénération." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546852.
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Un moteur Ericsson est un moteur alternatif à apport de chaleur externe, à enceinte de compression et de détente distinctes, à récupérateur et à fluide de travail monophasique gazeux. Il fonctionne selon le cycle thermodynamique de Joule. Dans notre travail, nous avons tout d'abord développé un modèle théorique original de moteur volumétrique à cycle de Joule (moteur Ericsson). Les résultats théoriques obtenus sont présentés et commentés. Ensuite, nous avons caractérisé le prototype de machine de détente de moteur Ericsson qui a été réalisé au sein du LaTEP, soit la partie la plus délicate du moteur. Les résultats des essais en ‘mode moteur' et en ‘mode moteur entraîné' sont présentés, avec leurs commentaires et analyses. Les performances du prototype sont très encourageantes et sont conformes à celles de travaux théoriques antérieurs. Il a donc été décidé de concevoir et réaliser la partie compresseur du moteur qui a ainsi été ajoutée au prototype, de sorte que nous disposons à présent d'un prototype de moteur Ericsson complet.
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Touré, Abdou. "Etude théorique et expérimentale d'un moteur Ericsson à cycle de Joule pour conversion thermodynamique de l’énergie solaire ou pour micro-cogénération." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3012.
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Un moteur Ericsson est un moteur alternatif à apport de chaleur externe, à enceinte de compression et de détente distinctes, à récupérateur et à fluide de travail monophasique gazeux. Il fonctionne selon le cycle thermodynamique de Joule. Dans notre travail, nous avons tout d’abord développé un modèle théorique original de moteur volumétrique à cycle de Joule (moteur Ericsson). Les résultats théoriques obtenus sont présentés et commentés. Ensuite, nous avons caractérisé le prototype de machine de détente de moteur Ericsson qui a été réalisé au sein du LaTEP, soit la partie la plus délicate du moteur. Les résultats des essais en ‘mode moteur’ et en ‘mode moteur entraîné’ sont présentés, avec leurs commentaires et analyses. Les performances du prototype sont très encourageantes et sont conformes à celles de travaux théoriques antérieurs. Il a donc été décidé de concevoir et réaliser la partie compresseur du moteur qui a ainsi été ajoutée au prototype, de sorte que nous disposons à présent d’un prototype de moteur Ericsson completAn Ericsson engine is an external heat supply engine working according to a Joule thermodynamic cycle. Such engines have separated compression and expansion cylinders, a recuperator, and a monophasic gaseous working fluid. First of all, in this thesis we have developed an original theoretical model of a volumetric hot air Joule cycle engine. The theoretical results are presented and analyzed. Then, we have tested a prototype of the 'hot' part of an open cycle Ericsson engine developed by our laboratory. Experimental results for the ‘engine mode’ and the ‘driven engine mode’ are presented and analyzed. The performances of the prototype are in agreement with previous modeling results and assumptions. Therefore it has been decided to build and add the compression part to the prototype so that to allow the test of a complete Ericsson engine
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Ranc, Pierre. "Contribution au développement d'un Moteur à Apport de Chaleur Externe à soufflets métalliques. Étude théorique, conception, réalisation et caractérisation expérimentale." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD045.
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Ces travaux concernent l'étude d'un Moteur à Apport de Chaleur Externe (M.A.C.E.) de type Ericsson. Un état de l'art des études théoriques et expérimentales antérieures est présenté. Nous avons développé un modèle numérique basé sur le couplage des équations de la thermodynamique et de la mécanique. La modélisation des écoulements au travers des soupapes et des clapets repose sur l'équation de Barré-de-Saint-Venant. Ce modèle permet de simuler le comportement dynamique du moteur pour une large gamme de fonctionnement. La variation des paramètres de simulation comme le taux de compression, la charge mécanique, la température ou le coefficient polytropique permet d'analyser leur influence sur les performances du moteur. Nous avons construit un banc d'essais de M.A.C.E. à enceintes déformables constitué par des soufflets métalliques. Le compresseur, relié au détendeur par l'intermédiaire d'un bras de levier permet de diminuer l'effort de compression lors de la phase de détente. Ce système autorise également la variation de cylindrée entre les enceintes. Le prototype est instrumenté avec des capteurs de pression, de force, de débit, de déplacement et des microthermocouples afin de mesurer les variations temporelles des signaux au cours des essais. Le moteur a été testé avec une admission d'air comprimé à température ambiante afin de caractériser son fonctionnement. Des réchauffeurs électriques permettent de tester l'influence de la température à l'admission avec une valeur maximale en entrée de 450°C. La quantité de chaleur transmise à la culasse réduit alors la température effective dans l'enceinte à seulement 160°C au mieux. La comparaison des résultats théoriques et expérimentaux présente un très bon accord en termes de dynamique de fonctionnement du moteur (pression, déplacement, volume). Un système de refroidissement de la compression par injection d'eau est ajouté au banc d'essais afin de diminuer l'énergie de compression. La température de compression est alors toujours inférieure au cas sans injection. Enfin, le couplage fluidique des enceintes donne une estimation des pertes de charge de l'ensemble du banc d'essais et des niveaux de température. La technologie étudiée est prometteuse en particulier grâce à la capacité des soufflets à échanger de la chaleur avec le fluide de travail et par l'absence de fuite et de frottement liés à la segmentationThis thesis covers the theoretical and experimental study of the Ericsson Externally Heated Valve Engine (E.H.V.E.).Specifically, it focuses on the development of a dedicated dynamic model in order to predict a wide range of the engine's capabilities.This mathematical model is made up of thermodynamical and mechanical equations. The flow which passes through the compressor valves and expander valves is modelled on the Barré-de-Saint-Venant equation. A parametric analysis of the compressor ratio, mechanical load, temperature or polytropic coefficient is done in order to assess their effects on the engine's kinematics. Furthermore, the conception and the build of a test bench is made. It consists of metal bellows that aim to replace the traditional cylinder and piston. The compressor is linked to the expander from a lever which allows the reduction of the pressure force during the expansion stroke. It also gives the possibility to alter the working volume. Pressure, force, flow and temperature sensors are placed on the engine at strategic points in order to study it. A microthermocouple is used to monitor the temperature signal in the compression and expansion phase. Initially, the engine is tested at ambient temperature to give a point of reference. Electrical heaters are used to increase the expansion temperature starting point above 450°C. It appears that a heat flow in the cylinder head, cools down the warm airflow coming from the heater to 160°C in the best case scenario. The experimental results show a really good agreement with the model, particularly if we consider the engine dynamic in terms of pressure, displacement or volume. A compression cooling system is also added to the test bench in order to reduce energy needs. In all cases, the temperature during the compression is always lower with the injection of water mist. And finally, intake expander pipes and discharge compressor pipes are connected to measure the pressure loose and temperature fluctuations of the airflow between the bellows. The studied technology is promising particularly thanks to the use of bellows that allow a superior exchange of heat, as well as avoiding leaks and friction
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Ndame, Ngangue Max Keller. "Etude théorique, conception, réalisation et essai préliminaire d'un moteur à air chaud à pistons liquides." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3004/document.
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Un moteur Ericsson est un moteur alternatif à apport de chaleur externe fonctionnant selon un cyclethermodynamique de Joule. Ce type de moteur est particulièrement intéressant pour la valorisationde certaines "sources chaudes" (l'énergie solaire, la biomasse, les effluents gazeux chauds...).Dans cette thèse, une configuration innovante de moteur est proposée. Celle-ci permet d'une part,de s’affranchir du problème d’étanchéité autour des pistons des moteurs Ericsson, par l'usage despistons liquides en lieu et place des pistons mécaniques et d'autre part, de simplifier le système dedistribution mécanique des moteurs conventionnels par l'usage de soupapes commandéesparticulières, dont l'ouverture est déclenchée par contact avec le piston. Ce type de moteur estadapté pour la production d'électricité de petite puissance (jusqu'à... 10 kW).Trois lois différentes de commande des soupapes du cylindre de détente du moteur à air chaudproposé sont étudiées et leurs influences sur la conception et les performances énergétiques dusystème sont présentées. En raison de la masse importante d'eau dans le système, un modèle quiprend en compte la dynamique des colonnes de liquide est développé. Ce modèle permet de prédireles performances d'un premier prototype expérimental.Un prototype de machine de détente a ensuite été conçu et réalisé dans notre laboratoire. Uneprésentation du prototype et du banc d'essai est faite, et les résultats d'un essai préliminaire sontprésentés. Malgré le caractère préliminaire de ces résultats, ils sont très encourageants car d'unepart, ils n'ont pas révélés de problèmes techniquement délicats à résoudre, et d'autre part ils ontpermis de tirer de nombreux enseignements pour la suite des travaux à mener sur le prototypeAn Ericsson engine is a reciprocating external heat input engine operating on a Joule thermodynamiccycle. This type of engine is particularly interesting for the valorization of certain "hot sources" (solarenergy, biomass, hot gaseous effluents ...).In this thesis, an innovative engine configuration is proposed. This allows, on the one hand, toovercome the problem of tightness around the pistons of Ericsson engines, by the use of liquidpistons instead of mechanical pistons and on the other hand, to simplify the mechanical distributionsystem of conventional engines by the use of particular actuated valves, whose opening is triggered by contact with the piston. This type of motor is suitable for the production of electricity of smallpower (up to... 10 kW).Three different valve command laws for the proposed hot air motor expansion cylinder are studiedand their influences on the design and energy performance of the system are presented. Due to thelarge amount of water in the system, a model that takes into account the dynamics of the liquidcolumns is developed. This model makes it possible to predict the performances of a firstexperimental prototype.A prototype of the expansion machine was then designed and built in our laboratory. The prototypeand the test bench are presented together with the preliminary test results. Despite the preliminarynature of these results, they are very encouraging because, on the one hand, they have not revealedany technically difficult problems to be solved, and on the other hand they have made it possible todraw many lessons for the further work to be done lead on the prototype
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KULTUR, BEGUM. "LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT of ERICSSON’s MANAGED RURAL COVERAGE SOLUTION." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127805.
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The total number of mobile subscriptions has been announced to reach 6 billion in the market, of which 4 billion are individual users. The rest of the people on earth are potential subscribers that mainly live in rural areas lacking mobile connectivity today. Many of these users do not have access to electricity and have 6 U.S. dollar per month (USD/month) of average revenue per person. Referring to the year 2007, the telecommunication industry had a contribution of 0.6 percent of direct global carbon dioxide (CO2) or 0.4 percent of global carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). From 2007 to 2009, the number of off-grid radio base stations located in rural areas went up from 350,000 to 500,000. Nearly all of these sites use diesel generators and large amounts of fossil fuels during the operational stage. In addition the grid sites with diesel back-up were about 0.5 million in 2009. The financial and environmental consequences of the life cycle impact of the diesel fuel depleted can be significant. Adaptation of renewable energy has therefore become important for both environmental and economic reasons. In this master thesis a Life Cycle Assessment of Ericsson’s Managed Rural Coverage (MRC) solution was made. Four main life cycle stages were included: manufacturing, transportation, operation and end-of-life treatment. MRC is an off-grid site solution consisting of electronic communication equipment (radio base station, base station controller, hub, cable) photovoltaic cells, battery, antenna, and constructions part (antenna pole, tower and foundation). This study also includes the satellite connection as well as Ericsson and operator activities in the assessment. The MRC distinguishes itself from the conventional base stations, by its significant decrease of energy consumption in its operational stage as well as the business model around the offering. The assessment in this thesis was carried out in accordance with data retrieved from an Ericsson’s pilot system in Dungunab, Sudan. The ISO 1404X series of LCA standards was followed and Gabi software w used to evaluate the results. The carbon footprint was found to be 0.3 kg CO2e/subscriber for the pilot setup. These calculations were based on an assumption that each pilot site serviced 1000 users. The maximum number of subscribers can be about 3200, which would decrease the life cycle CO2 emissions per user by 2/3. According to the sensitivity analysis the maximum CO2 emissions for a conservative MRC scenario is less than 1 kg CO2e/subscriber. Although this figure represents a very conservative scenario, the result is low in comparison with an average GSM network which has an approximate carbon footprint of 15 kg CO2e/subscriber. It is important to note that the MRC is not intended to replace all conventional macro RBS sites due to limitations in performance and capabilities, but is rather a complement to conventional macro radio base station sites for applicable scenarios.Thesis registration number: EGI-2013-024MSC EKV941
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Costa, Rui Filipe Barbosa. "Analysis and comparison of thermodynamic behavior for Stirling and Ericsson cycles." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83421.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaStirling and Ericsson engines are external heat engines that offer the ability to use many different heat sources to provide reliable and sustainable power. In this thesis, we compare the Stirling and Ericsson cycles in order to determine in which situations one engine produces more net work output than the other. The net work output equations are derived and are analyzed for three different scenarios: (i) equal mass and temperature limits, (ii) equal mass and pressure or volume, and (iii) equal temperature and pressure or volume limits. The comparison is performed by calculating when both cycles produce the same net work output and then analyzing which one produces more net work output based on how the parameters are varied. In general, the results demonstrate that Stirling engines produce more net work output at higher pressures and lower volumes, and Ericsson engines produce more net work output at lower pressures and higher volumes. For certain scenarios threshold values are calculated to illustrate precisely when one cycle produces more net work output than the other. This thesis can be used to inform the design of the engines and particularly to determine when either a Stirling or Ericsson should be selected for a particular application.Stirling and Ericsson engines are external heat engines that offer the ability to use many different heat sources to provide reliable and sustainable power. In this thesis, we compare the Stirling and Ericsson cycles in order to determine in which situations one engine produces more net work output than the other. The net work output equations are derived and are analyzed for three different scenarios: (i) equal mass and temperature limits, (ii) equal mass and pressure or volume, and (iii) equal temperature and pressure or volume limits. The comparison is performed by calculating when both cycles produce the same net work output and then analyzing which one produces more net work output based on how the parameters are varied. In general, the results demonstrate that Stirling engines produce more net work output at higher pressures and lower volumes, and Ericsson engines produce more net work output at lower pressures and higher volumes. For certain scenarios threshold values are calculated to illustrate precisely when one cycle produces more net work output than the other. This thesis can be used to inform the design of the engines and particularly to determine when either a Stirling or Ericsson should be selected for a particular application.
Os motores Stirling e Ericsson são motores de calor externos que oferecem a capacidade de usar muitas fontes de calor diferentes para fornecer energia confiável e sustentável. Nesta tese, comparamos os ciclos Stirling e Ericsson para determinar em quais situações um motor produz mais trabalho do que o outro. As equações de trabalho são derivadas e são analisadas para três cenários diferentes: (i) limites de massa e temperatura iguais, (ii) massa e pressão ou volume iguais, e (iii) igual temperatura e pressão ou limites de volume. A comparação é realizada calculando quando ambos os ciclos produzem o mesmo trabalho e, em seguida, analisando em que situações um produz mais trabalho baseado em como os parâmetros são variados. Em geral, os resultados demonstram que os motores Stirling produzem mais trabalho com pressões mais altas e menores volumes, e os motores Ericsson produzem mais trabalho com pressões mais baixas e volumes maiores. Para certos cenários, os valores de limiar são calculados para ilustrar precisamente quando um ciclo produz mais trabalho do que o outro. Esta tese pode ser usada para informar o design dos motores e particularmente para determinar quando um Stirling ou Ericsson devem ser selecionados para uma aplicação específica.Os motores Stirling e Ericsson são motores de calor externos que oferecem a capacidade de usar muitas fontes de calor diferentes para fornecer energia confiável e sustentável. Nesta tese, comparamos os ciclos Stirling e Ericsson para determinar em quais situações um motor produz mais trabalho do que o outro. As equações de trabalho são derivadas e são analisadas para três cenários diferentes: (i) limites de massa e temperatura iguais, (ii) massa e pressão ou volume iguais, e (iii) igual temperatura e pressão ou limites de volume. A comparação é realizada calculando quando ambos os ciclos produzem o mesmo trabalho e, em seguida, analisando em que situações um produz mais trabalho baseado em como os parâmetros são variados. Em geral, os resultados demonstram que os motores Stirling produzem mais trabalho com pressões mais altas e menores volumes, e os motores Ericsson produzem mais trabalho com pressões mais baixas e volumes maiores. Para certos cenários, os valores de limiar são calculados para ilustrar precisamente quando um ciclo produz mais trabalho do que o outro. Esta tese pode ser usada para informar o design dos motores e particularmente para determinar quando um Stirling ou Ericsson devem ser selecionados para uma aplicação específica.
Book chapters on the topic "Ericsson cycle"
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Fredrich, O., C. Haberstroh, and H. Quack. "Studies on a Modified Ericsson Cycle with Neon as Refrigerant." In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 1255–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0373-2_158.
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Smaïli, A., and R. Chahine. "Composite Magnetic Refrigerants for an Ericsson Cycle: New Method of Selection Using a Numerical Approach." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 445–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_59.
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Kaushik, Shubhash C., Sudhir K. Tyagi, and Pramod Kumar. "Finite Time Thermodynamics of Stirling/Ericsson Refrigeration Cycles." In Finite Time Thermodynamics of Power and Refrigeration Cycles, 241–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62812-7_11.
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Kaushik, Shubhash C., Sudhir K. Tyagi, and Pramod Kumar. "Finite Time Thermodynamic Analysis of Stirling and Ericsson Power Cycles." In Finite Time Thermodynamics of Power and Refrigeration Cycles, 115–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62812-7_6.
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"O Reversed pseudo-Ericsson cycle." In Thermodynamics and Energy Systems Analysis, 435–69. EPFL Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11662-13.
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O'Brien, William. "Mining, Economy, and Society." In Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605651.003.0015.
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The opening chapter of this book considered different factors that influenced the availability of copper resources in prehistory. While geological distribution and technological expertise were critical, consideration must also be given to the wider societal context of production. The operation of early mines must be explained in terms of access to ore deposits and the desire and ability of different population groups to become involved in primary metal production. The impact on local and regional economies is also relevant, in terms of wealth generation through trade and the repercussions for society as a whole. Understanding the organization of this activity is a challenge. Key elements of the chaîne opératoire are often missing, such as the location of smelting sites or the workshops where objects were made. This makes it difficult to establish links between mines and the circulation of intermediate and final metal products in a wider settlement context. With stone tools it is possible to apply production indices to quantify the different stages involved in the use of a specific raw material, with a view to modelling a lithic production system in space (see Ericson 1984). This approach cannot be easily applied to metal objects, which generally have a more complex life cycle than stone tools. This began with a fundamentally different use of a raw material to create a finished object, requiring chemical as well as physical transformation. For this reason, scientific analysis of prehistoric metalwork is problematic in terms of source provenancing to specific ore deposits and mines. There is the further complication of recycling, which in some instances involved the mixing of metal from different mine sources. One approach has been to identify metal circulation zones where copper of a similar chemistry, lead isotope signature, and/ or alloy type was used (e.g. Northover 1982). Within these circulation zones various patterns of primary and secondary (recycled) metal use can be explored in the context of local workshop traditions. This provides a spatial and typochronological context in which to view the input of metal from particular mines.
Conference papers on the topic "Ericsson cycle"
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Proeschel, Richard A. "Afterburning Ericsson Cycle Engine." In Future Transportation Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2880.
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McWhirter, Jon. "Radiantly-Heated Brayton-Ericsson Cycle." In 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5503.
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Schmitt, Joshua, and Jordan Nielson. "Modeling and Testing of a Novel Ultra-Low Temperature sCO2 Opposing Piston Expander." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-60251.
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Abstract Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) along with Thermal Tech Holdings (TTH) have modeled, built, and tested a piston expander for generating power from low temperature heat sources. The piston was developed with the goal of creating an engine that operates as a recuperated sCO2 Ericsson cycle. A cycle model based on fluid properties from REFPROP is applied for various hot and cold temperatures to demonstrate the potential of the novel expander to improve cycle efficiency. Cycle modeling results demonstrate the potential improvements in cycle efficiency when compared to the sCO2 Brayton cycle. Small-scale bench testing is used to validate the novel piston concept for achieving a sCO2 Ericsson cycle. The concept is scaled up to a full-sized, opposing piston cylinder that acts as an expander in the theoretical Ericsson cycle. Testing is performed on the full-scale piston cylinder for a variety of inlet temperatures and pressures. The full-scale tests are run continuously to track the transient effects. The results of the full-scale test are discussed. The expander piston cylinder test results show high temperatures at the outlet, better than the ideal sCO2 Brayton cycle, but less than an ideal recuperated sCO2 Ericsson cycle. Comparisons are made to demonstrate the projected cycle efficiency improvements over a sCO2 Brayton cycle.
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Hanawa, Kirk. "An Ericsson Cycle GT Design by LNG Cryogenic Heat Utilization." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0166.
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In many LNG receiving terminals worldwide, the cryogenic heat of imported LNG which was liquefied by using 10% energy of natural gas supply1), 2), has been wasted into the sea water mainly through heat exchangers like ORVs (Open Rack Vaporizer)3). This cryogenic heat of 110 K (-256 F) class is considered, however, as an excellent energy source to apply thermodynamic cycles. Several literature, accordingly, are found to improve such high-grade energy potential of LNG regasification process as a low temperature sink, combining with fired heater at 1,100 K (1520 F) class or GT main exhaust gas at 700 K (800 F) class as a high temperature source, through Brayton and Rankine cycles5),6),7),8),9). This paper presents a typical example of closed “Ericsson” cycle which has the minimum cycle temperature of 157 K (-176 F) from LNG cryogenic heat and the maximum of 550 K (531 F) from the partial HRSG exit heat mixed with the partial GT exit gas. This closed gas turbine, from viewpoints of minor modification to existing power plants and no energy impacts for high temperature source, which would be better than the above-described idea, is able to offer 35% thermal efficiency. And it is recognized that this system would be superior to existing cryogenic generation systems of 20% class operated by Rankine Cycle.
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Jankowski, Nicholas R., Andrew N. Smith, and Brendan M. Hanrahan. "Thermal Model of a Thin Film Pulsed Pyroelectric Generator." In ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7437.
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Recent high energy density thin film material development has led to an increased interest in pyroelectric energy conversion. Using state-of-the-art lead-zirconate-titanate piezoelectric films capable of withstanding high electric fields we previously demonstrated single cycle energy conversion densities of 4.28 J/cm3. While material improvement is ongoing, an equally challenging task involves developing the thermal and thermodynamic process though which we can harness this thermal-to-electric energy conversion capability. By coupling high speed thermal transients from pulsed heating with rapid charge and discharge cycles, there is potential for achieving high energy conversion efficiency. We briefly present thermodynamic equivalent models for pyroelectric power generation based on the traditional Brayton and Ericsson cycles, where temperature-pressure states in a working fluid are replaced by temperature-field states in a solid pyroelectric material. Net electrical work is then determined by integrating the path taken along the temperature dependent polarization curves for the material. From the thermodynamic cycles we identify the necessary cyclical thermal conditions to realize net power generation, including a figure of merit, rEC, or the electrocaloric ratio, to aid in guiding generator design. Additionally, lumped transient analytical heat transfer models of the pyroelectric system with pulsed thermal input have been developed to evaluate the impact of reservoir temperatures, cycle frequency, and heating power on cycle output. These models are used to compare the two thermodynamic cycles. This comparison shows that as with traditional thermal cycles the Ericsson cycle provides the potential for higher cycle work while the Brayton cycle can produce a higher output power at higher thermal efficiency. Additionally, limitations to implementation of a high-speed Ericsson cycle were identified, primarily tied to conflicts between the available temperature margin and the requirement for isothermal electrical charging and discharging.
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Arora, Rajesh, S. C. Kaushik, and Raj Kumar. "Multi-objective optimization of solar powered ericsson cycle using genetic algorithm and fuzzy decision making." In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Applications (ICACEA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacea.2015.7164754.
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Tauveron, N., S. Colasson, and J. A. Gruss. "Available Systems for the Conversion of Waste Heat to Electricity." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37984.
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The conversion of heat into electricity, generally speaking heat-to-power generation, is a wide area of technologies and applications. This paper focuses on available systems, excepted the internal combustion cycles, applied to transform (waste) heat to power. Data of referenced market proved or time-to-market technologies are presented. A database of more than 1100 references has been built. The following categories can be found: Rankine Cycle plant, Organic Rankine Cycle plant, Steam engine, Kalina Cycle plant, Brayton cycle plant, micro gas turbine, closed cycle gas turbine plant, combined cycle gas turbine plant, Stirling engine, Ericsson engine and thermoelectric generator. We intentionally target a range of power from Watts to hundreds of MW, covering the range of temperature [80–1000°C] usually addressed by these systems. The comparison of performances is hereby discussed and compared to thermodynamic principles and theoretical results in the graph Maximum temperature [°C] versus Thermodynamic efficiency. Comparison with Carnot and Chambadal-Novikov-Curzon-Ahlborn efficiencies are performed. A more original contribution is the presentation of the graph Power [W] versus Thermodynamic efficiency. The analysis reveals a monotonous trend inside each technology. Furthermore this general behavior covers a very wide range of power, including technological transitions. Finally, the position of each technology in the map Maximum temperature [°C] versus Power [W] is also analyzed. Explanations based on thermodynamics and techno-economic approaches are proposed.
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VanOsdol, John, and Edward L. Parsons. "Using Staged Compression and Expansion to Enhance the Performance of a Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Hybrid System." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85078.
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It has long been recognized that the heat generated from a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is adequate to drive an external heat engine. The combination of the fuel cell plus the heat engine is called a gas turbine fuel cell hybrid power generation system. In most hybrid systems the heat engine consists of a single compressor and single turbine, arranged in either a Brayton cycle or a recuperated Brayton cycle. One characteristic of hybrid power cycles is that the compression costs are substantial. When this cycle is used in a coal fired hybrid system that is configured with an isolated anode stream to isolate and compress CO2, the work to compress the cathode air can greatly exceed the work to compress the CO2. It has also been shown for this same system that using intercooled compression for the cathode air reduces this compression cost. Since there have been no exhaustive studies performed which quantify these effects it is not clear exactly how much reduction in compression cost is possible. In this work we compare three hybrid systems. The first systems has a single compressor and turbine, run at a low pressure ratio as a recuperated Brayton cycle and at high pressure ratio as a simple Brayton cycle (see Figure 1). We then alter the recuperated Brayton cycle using both staged compression and staged expansion. The second system is thus configured with two compressors and two turbines. For this system an intercooler is placed between the compressors and the fuel cell stack is divided into two stacks each followed by a turbine (see Figure 3). Similarly the third system divides the compression and expansion legs of the cycle again into three compressors with intercoolers, and three fuel cell stacks each followed by its own turbine (see Figure 5). As the system configuration is altered by successive divisions of both the compression and expansion legs of the thermal heat engine cycle, the system configuration is transformed from a simple Brayton cycle to a staged approximation to an Ericsson cycle. We show that this new configuration for the gas turbine fuel cell hybrid system not only reduces the high cost of compression, but it makes more heat available for auxiliary system operations. In coal fired systems these auxiliary operations would include pre heating coal for the gasification system, reheating the syngas after cooling or even heating steam for a bottoming cycle.
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Mathieu, Ph, R. Dubuisson, S. Houyou, and R. Nihart. "New Concept of CO2 Removal Technologies in Power Generation, Combined With Fossil Fuel Recovery and Long Term CO2 Sequestration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0160.
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In this paper, the mentioned cycle has been transformed in a CO2 regenerative Ericsson-like cycle and therefore is named E-MATIANT. The removed CO2 can still be available at a pressure higher than the critical one (73 bar). When optimising the cycle, the calculated optimum pressure will be around 60 bar; this makes the technical issues easier to deal with than when using a supercritical fluid, namely the material strains and corrosion behavior. A sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the CO2 delivery pressure in order to evaluate the performance changes. The fuel flexibility is an important asset of the newly designed cycle: mixtures of CO and H2 produced either in gasification or steam reforming processes can indeed be burnt in the combustion chamber. In a future work, the combination of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and this cycle both fed by a CO and H2 mixture will be considered as an option for the improvement of the global efficiency. If not fixed in a chemical or biological system, the delivered CO2 can be used in industry or in the enhancement of fossil fuels recovery from their deposits, with a marginal compression consumption work. In this paper, CO2 injection is used to enhance methane recovery from coal seams by some 20 to 30%, in comparison with water pumping. The depleted seam can afterwards be used as the host site for long run CO2 sequestration. As a conclusion, the combination of quasi-zero emission power plants with CO2 geological storage and enhanced fuel recovery provides a CO2 flow, otherwise considered as a waste or a byproduct, with an exergetic and a commercial added value. This makes this option a serious alternative to other CO2 control technologies.
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Zhang, Bin, Benjamin Duchame, Gael Sebald, and Daniel Guyomar. "Energy harvesting based on piezoelectric ericsson cycles in a piezoceramic material." In 2014 15th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2014.6918772.
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