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Journal articles on the topic 'Eritrea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Hirt, Nicole, and Abdulkader Saleh Mohammad. "Eritrea’s self-reliance narrative and the remittance paradox: Reflections on thirty years of retrogression." Remittances Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v6i1.1056.

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This article explores the role of remittances in Eritrea’s transnational authoritarian system. The government exercises a policy of active control over Eritrean citizens living abroad, and the country’s economy relies heavily on private remittances to ensure the subsistence of the population. This stands in stark contrast to the official doctrine of economic self-reliance, which has been hampered by an open-ended national service that can last for decades and deprives Eritrean citizens in productive age from making a living. The government also puts extreme restraints on the private sector. As

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2

Graf, Samuel, and Susan Thieme. ""We look similar and have the same geographical origin": translocal encounters of second-generation Eritreans with a new generation of refugees from Eritrea." Geographica Helvetica 71, no. 4 (2016): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-71-331-2016.

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Abstract. This article addresses the encounters of second-generation Eritreans with a new generation of refugees from Eritrea in Switzerland and identifies two main types of encounter: direct personal encounters and indirect in the public discourse. It suggests that the recently arrived Eritrean refugees present a new actor within the translocal social field with whom the second-generation Eritreans have to renegotiate their relation. We argue that these encounters frame the second-generation Eritreans' positionality within the translocal social field and influence their identity and their aff

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3

Bereketeab, Redie. "The Morality of the U.N. Security Council Sanctions against Eritrea: Defensibility, Political Objectives, and Consequences." African Studies Review 56, no. 2 (2013): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2013.46.

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Abstract:This article seeks to examine the sanctions imposed on Eritrea by the U.N. Security Council (UNSC) based on Eritrea’s alleged involvement in Somalia and its border dispute with Djibouti. It argues that the UNSC’s failure to sanction the parties for reneging on their commitment to implement the Permanent Court of Arbitration’s verdict on the border dispute between Eritrea and Ethiopia casts doubt on the morality of the sanctions. It also argues that the decision may have been driven by political motives. These sanctions will hurt the people of Eritrea and the Eritrean nation, and indee

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4

Plastow, Jane. "Theatre of Conflict in the Eritrean Independence Struggle." New Theatre Quarterly 13, no. 50 (1997): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00011003.

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Eritrea is a newly independent country whose performing arts history, based on the music and dance of her nine ethnic groups, is only just beginning to be systematically researched. Western-influenced drama was introduced to the country by the Italians in the early twentieth century, but Eritreans only began to use this form of theatre in the 1940s. The three-part series here inaugurated is the first attempt to piece together the history of Eritrean drama, beginning below with an outline of its history from the 1940s to national independence in 1991. The author explores the highly political ro

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Poole, Amanda, and Jennifer Ann Riggan. "Oscillating Imaginaries: War, Peace, and the Precarious Relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 10, no. 1 (2022): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v10i1.413.

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While the 2018 peace declaration between Ethiopia and Eritrea was widely celebrated, Eritrean refugees expressed concern that peace would be destabilising, and their status in Ethiopia would change. Their concerns were shaped by a long history of oscillating imaginaries of how Eritrea “fits” with Ethiopia. Drawing from historical analysis and ethnographic fieldwork leading up to the peace agreement, we explore how these oscillating imaginaries create an uncomfortable and unstable situation for Eritreans in Ethiopia, rendering refugees vulnerable to unpredictable violence. Better understanding

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Weldehaimanot, Simon M. "African Law of Coups and the Situation in Eritrea: A Test for the African Union's Commitment to Democracy." Journal of African Law 54, no. 2 (2010): 232–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855310000069.

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AbstractThis article contends that the severely repressive manner in which Eritrea has been governed in the last ten years violates the right of the Eritrean people to democratic governance. In particular, the refusal of the transitional Government of Eritrea (GoE) to end its transitional tenure in utter defiance of its own promises, transitional laws and the Constitution of Eritrea fits the definition of unconstitutional change of government proscribed by the African Union (AU). This article calls upon the AU's Peace and Security Council to urge the GoE expeditiously to establish democratic g

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Stefanos, Asgedet. "Women and Education in Eritrea: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis." Harvard Educational Review 67, no. 4 (1997): 658–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.67.4.282l602nw5445414.

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In this article, Asgedet Stefanos examines women and education in the east African nation of Eritrea. She tackles as her central questions whether, and to what extent, Eritrean women have been achieving emancipation; and, if so, what role education has played in that process. Stefanos begins by providing a historical overview that delineates Eritrean women's general social condition and access to education in pre-colonial traditional society and during the eras of Italian and British colonialism. She then evaluates developments during Eritrea's protracted national liberation struggle against E

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Bodansky, Daniel, and J. Romesh Weeramantry. "Diplomatic Claims (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea ' s Claim 20/Ethiopia ' s Claim 8, Partial Awards; Economic Loss Throughout Ethiopia (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia ' s Claim 7, Partial Award; Jus ad Bellum (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia ' s Claims 1-8, Partial Award; Loss of Property in Ethiopia Owned by Non-Residents (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea ' s Claim 24, Partial Award; Pensions (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea ' s Claims 15, 19 & 23, Final Award; Ports (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia ' s Claim 6, Final Award; Western & Eastern Fronts (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia ' s Claims 1 & 3, Partial Award; Western Front, Aerial Bombardment & Related Claims (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea ' s Claims 1, 3, 5, 9-13, 14, 21, 25 & 26, Partial Award." American Journal of International Law 101, no. 3 (2007): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000029833.

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Diplomatic Claims (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea's Claim 20/Ethiopia's Claim 8, Partial Awards. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Economic Loss Throughout Ethiopia (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia's Claim 7, Partial Award. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Jus ad Bellum (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia's Claims 1–8, Partial Award. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Loss of Property in Ethiopia Owned by Non-Residents (Eritrea v. Ethiopia)

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9

Müller, Tanja R. "Universal Rights versus Exclusionary Politics: Aspirations and Despair among Eritrean Refugees in Tel Aviv." Africa Spectrum 50, no. 3 (2015): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971505000301.

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By investigating contemporary refugees, this paper analyses the contradictory dynamics of a global order whereby universal rights are distributed unequally through nation-state politics. It uses an ethnographic case study of Eritrean refugees in Tel Aviv as its empirical base in order to investigate refugeeness as a condition of everyday life. The paper demonstrates how a repressive environment within Eritrea has made people refugees, and how that condition is being reinforced by the Israeli government's refusal to recognise these refugees as such. It further interrogates the relationship betw

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Muhammad, Noverino Faiz Adi, Galvin Hapsari Putri, Dhika Fadhlan Aulia, and Septyanto Galan Prakoso. "Unraveling the Political Motives of Eritrea in the Tigray Conflict." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 13, no. 1 (2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.13.1.19-30.2024.

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Eritrea is one of the countries that has a significant influence in the Horn of Africa. In maintaining its influence and achieving its national interest, Eritrea has enrolled itself in the Tigray War. Participating in the Tigray War would drive themselves to be the regional superior in the Horns of Africa. This research will focus on how Eritrea's political motives in the Tigray War affected the achievement of its interests. This study will use the national interest concept and geopolitical theory to analyze the formulation of the problem that has been described. These theoretical frameworks w

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O’Kane, David, Sabine Mohammed, and Magnus Treiber. "Introduction: Eritrea’s Uneasy Futures and their Historical Contingencies." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 10, no. 1 (2022): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v10i1.417.

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To introduce this special issue of Modern Africa, the editors review Eritrea’s current condition and consider its historical roots: they place this Horn of Africa state in a broader historical context, one where neither relevant comparative cases nor past precedents are limited to its region. Hopes that were once invested in Eritrea as a model developmental state have now, thirty years since its independence, been thoroughly disappointed. The human rights violations and persistent underdevelopment that make an Eritrean transition necessary are very real: equally real are the risks and dangers

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Reid, Richard. "Old Problems in New Conflicts: Some Observations on Eritrea and its Relations with Tigray, from Liberation Struggle to Inter-State War." Africa 73, no. 3 (2003): 369–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2003.73.3.369.

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AbstractThis article examines the problematic relationship between Eritrea and Tigray as represented by the Eritrean and Tigray Peoples’ Liberation Fronts. The EPLF won independence for Eritrea in 1991, at the same time as the TPLF seized power in Ethiopia; the two movements had had a difficult relationship, beginning in the mid-1970s, during their respective armed struggles, and the issues which had caused disagreement remained unresolved as the movements made the transition to government. This paper examines the nature of those issues and the degree to which the war of 1998-2000 between the

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13

Taddia, Irma. "Modern Ethiopia and Colonial Eritrea." Aethiopica 5 (May 8, 2013): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.5.1.450.

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The article develops some reflections on present-day Eritrea in the light of the colonial past and in the context of modern Ethiopia. If we consider Eritrea and its path towards independence, some differences and analogies emerge in comparison with other African colonies. The Eritrean independence is taking place today in a very specific context in post-colonial Africa. It is not a simple case of delayed decolonization, postponed by 30 years with respect to other former African colonies. The history of Eritrea must be studied within the colonial context: colonialism created a national identity

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D’Agostino, Gabriella. "La construction de la mémoire coloniale en Érythrée: les Erythréens, les Métis, les Italiens. — The construction of memory in colonial Eritrea: Eritreans, Mestizos and Italians." Sign Systems Studies 34, no. 2 (2006): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2006.34.2.12.

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The construction of memory in colonial Eritrea: Eritreans, Mestizos and Italians. Focusing on some passages of life histories collected in Asmara and based on the ‘memory of Italy’, I study the representation of the past in order to reveal the shaping of the subjective experience by the colonial discourse in Eritrea. If the main aim of my essay is the understanding of the play of interactions between individuals and collectivity, one more important element I take into account is ‘memory’ seen as a “social selection of remembering” (Halbwachs). I try to connect the social position and narrative

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15

Andreoni, Helen. "Necessity the Mother of Invention: Australian and Eritrean Early Childhood Educators Sharing Skills and Experiences." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 23, no. 1 (1998): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919802300103.

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Australian and Eritrean early childhood educators are working together to establish early childhood education in Eritrea. Eritrea, in East Africa, devastated by a 30-year war and severe droughts, is rebuilding from scratch with minimal resources. In a country with some nine ethnic groups and languages, as well as three main religions, fundamental questions have to be asked about the role and nature of early childhood education. Australian early childhood educators in Eritrea are learning a great deal about the management of multicultural and multilingual communities; Eritrean early childhood e

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16

Magnet, Joseph Eliot. "Ethiopia-Eritrea Rapproachment." African Journal of Legal Studies 12, no. 1 (2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340041.

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Abstract On July 9, 2018 Ethiopia and Eritrea signed a Joint Declaration of Peace and Friendship. On July 17, 2018 Ethiopia announced plans for landlocked Ethiopia to use Eritrea’s port of Assab. Ethiopia’s proposed use of Assab has implications for the indigenous Afar people who have lived in the port area for two thousand years. The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of Human Rights in Eritrea and the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Eritrea found that Eritrea engaged in widespread persecution of the Afar people, including evicting them from the port ar

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17

Weeramantry, J. Romesh. "Eritrea’s Damages Claims (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Final Award. Ethiopia’s Damages Claims (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Final Award." American Journal of International Law 104, no. 3 (2010): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.104.3.0480.

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ERITREA'S DAMAGES CLAIMS (ERITREA V. ETHIOPIA), FINAL AWARD. Athttp://www.pca-cpa.org.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, August 17, 2009.ETHIOPIA'S DAMAGES CLAIMS (ETHIOPIA V. ERITREA), FINAL AWARD. Athttp://www.pca-cpa.org.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, August 17, 2009.

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Le Houérou, Fabienne. "Les femmes érythréennes dans la guerre d'indépendance 1971-1991 : L'émergence de « nouvelles actrices politiques ». Une enquête en chantier." Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine 47, no. 3 (2000): 604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rhmc.2000.2034.

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The subject of this paper is to study the emergence of « new feminine actors » in politics in Eritrea. The women freedom fighters from the early seventies to the nineties have had a very important role in the success of the Eritrean Popular Liberation Front (E.P.L.F.) in winning eritran indépendance. What were their motivations to join the guerilla warfare ? What is their place today among the institutions and the social life in the country ? This research is based on filmed interviews made by video, using new techniques to answer these questions.

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Markakis, John. "The Nationalist Revolution in Eritrea." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (1988): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010326.

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Now in its third decade, the nationalist revolution in Eritrea is Africa's longest conflict, and one whose nature is often misunderstood by friend and foe alike. Its supporters see it as an anti-colonial campaign, the same as that waged by people elsewhere for independence. Certainly, colonialism has something to do with it, since Eritrea itself was its creation. However, Eritrean nationalism did not emerge as a reaction to the colonial situation. It made its appearance after the collapse of Italian rule, when the fate of the former colony hung in the balance. The issue that proved the catalys

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Riley, Dylan, and Rebecca Jean Emigh. "Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration and Integration." Comparative Sociology 1, no. 2 (2002): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913302100418484.

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AbstractThe effect of Italian colonialism on migration to Italy differed according to the pre-colonial social structure, a factor previously neglected by immigration theories. In Eritrea, precolonial Christianity, sharp class distinctions, and a strong state promoted interaction between colonizers and colonized. Eritrean nationalism emerged against Ethiopia; thus, no sharp break between Eritreans and Italians emerged. Two outgrowths of colonialism, the Eritrean national movement and religious ties, facilitate immigration and integration. In contrast, in Somalia, there was no strong state, few

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Metassebia Hailu Zeleke. "Nationality Laws in Ethiopia and Eritrea: Overview of Evolution, Attainments and Gaps." Mizan Law Review 19, no. 1 (2025): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v19i1.1.

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This article briefly examines Ethiopia’s nationality law since 1930 and highlights Eritrea’s post-1992 nationality law. It also discusses the attainments and current challenges relating to nationality laws in Ethiopia's federal system and Eritrea's unitary structure. Historically, the two nations shared common nationality law, political and social landscapes up to the Eritrean secession in 1993. Even though Ethiopia’s 1995 Constitution empowers the federal government to legislate a nationality law, bureaucratic impediments and the influence of ethnic federalism complicate equitable access to n

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Taddia, Irma. "The Regional Archive at Addi Qäyyeh, Eritrea." History in Africa 25 (1998): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172198.

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During the past few years of researching in Eritrea I had the chance to discover an important but little known source for the history of colonial Eritrea that the government that came to power in 1991 is evaluating: the regional archive of Addi Qäyyeh. This archive is in the main town of an area of the Eritrean highlands, Akkälä Guzay, and comprises a large number of documents on Italian colonialism. This documentation is exceptional; indeed, the great bulk of such documents remain in Italy, conserved in the unexploited Archivio Eritrea within the Ministerio degli Affari Esteri in Rome. To my

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Ryazantsev, Sergey V., and Semerelul B. Debesay. "THE ECONOMIC ROLE OF MIGRANTS REMITTANCE IN ERITREA." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 1-2 (2023): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2023-1-2-02.

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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognizes the positive role of migrants in sustainable economic development and precisely include migration in three targets, and it’s linked indirectly to many more [1], [2]. Many experts of economic development also agree that remittances are perhaps the most highly visible and tangible benefit of emigration to the origin countries, especially for developing countries like Eritrea [3]. There is an emerging consensus in the literature that migration and remittance are part and parcel of an overall liveli

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TEWELDE, Yonatan. "ERITREA BASININDA DIŞ ÜLKE HABERLERİ a" ERITREA PROFILE GAZETESİ İNCELEMESİ/ FOREIGN NEWS COVERAGE IN ERITREAN NEWSPAPER – ERITREA PROFILE." Journal of Yaşar University 9, no. 35 (2014): 6175. http://dx.doi.org/10.19168/jyu.80551.

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Reid, Richard. "Caught in the headlights of history: Eritrea, the EPLF and the post-war nation-state." Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 3 (2005): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05001059.

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A little over a decade after the achievement of independence, Eritrea is confronted by a range of social and political problems, problems which are rooted both in the nation's past and in the ruling movement's interpretation of that past. This paper is concerned with the widening gulf between the nation-state, as envisaged by the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) during the liberation struggle and as currently ‘imagined’ by the government, and the socio-political reality. Eritrean society is now marked by widening divisions between the ‘struggle generation’ and the membership of the fo

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Reid, Richard. "Writing Eritrea: History and Representation in a Bad Neighborhood." History in Africa 41 (May 6, 2014): 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.16.

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AbstractThis paper reflects on the ways in which Eritrea has been written about since circa 2001, the point at which the country entered a new phase of heightened authoritarianism and increased international isolation. It considers the ways in which Eritrea has been seen largely in “presentist” terms, due in no small way to the Eritrean government’s own intrinsic hostility to independent historical research, with an overwhelming fixation on its dire human rights and governance record, and on the nature of the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), which governs in all but name. The paper u

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Massimo, Rugge. "Uterine Cervical Cancer Prevention in Eritrea: Development and Results of a Pilot Project." Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health 4, no. 1 (2018): 008–12. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000033.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide; almost 85%-90% of UCCs, and UCC-related deaths occur in low-income countries. No UCC prevention programs are currently running in Eritrea.  <strong>Aims: </strong>This manuscript describes a stepwise initiative aiming to establish an UCC prevention project in Eritrea, which combines Pap-smear and colposcopy.  <strong>Methods: </strong>In 2013, an Italian multidisciplinary team submitted a project to the Eritrean Ministry of Health with a view to establishing an Eritre

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Scott, Mitchell G., Susan Morin, Karl G. Hock, Melles Seyoum, and Jack H. Ladenson. "Establishing a Simple and Sustainable Quality Assurance Program and Clinical Chemistry Services in Eritrea." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 11 (2007): 1945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.093039.

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Abstract Background: As chronic diseases become more prevalent in developing nations, establishment of sustainable clinical chemistry services will become increasingly important. The complexity of automated instruments, coupled with a lack of resources and skilled workers, will present a challenge for these countries. Methods: A system emphasizing simplified instrumentation, single source reagents, technical education and support, and simple QC algorithms was established in the small African nation of Eritrea. The same reagents were used on different analyzers, as well as the same lot numbers

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Arega, Natnael Terefe. "The plights of Eritrean refugees in the Shimelba Refugee Camp, Ethiopia." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, no. 1 (2017): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2016-0007.

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Purpose Thousands of Eritrean youth flee due to extreme domestic discontent with Eritrean Government. Little research has been done on Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia. The purpose of this paper is to explore the difficulties facing Eritrean refugees in the Shimelba Refugee Camp in northern Ethiopia. The study explores the refugees’ pre-migration experiences as well as their life difficulties in the refugee camp. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a cross-sectional qualitative approach. Relevant data were collected through personal interviews with a sample of 15 refugees. The study w

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Kibreab, Gaim. "Forced labour in Eritrea." Journal of Modern African Studies 47, no. 1 (2009): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x08003650.

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ABSTRACTUsing fieldwork data collected in Eritrea, Rome, Milan and Stockholm, and supplemented by human rights organisation reports and discussions with key informants in four cities in the UK, this article examines the extent to which the Eritrean national service and its concomitant Warsai-Yikaalo Development Campaign qualify as forced or compulsory labour as defined by the relevant international conventions.

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Kochetov, Dmitriy V. "A friend among foes, a foe among friends: Ascari, Amedeo Guillet and the formation of Eritrean identity in the context of Italian colonialism in the late nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 21, no. 1 (2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-1-67-71.

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The article draws attention to the extraordinary, by African standards, respect in Eritrea for the soldiers of the Italian colonial troops, the Ascari, and even for some of their Italian officers, such as Amedeo Guillet. The author reveals the reason for this respect, which was not present in another former Italian colony Libya. After studying the materials on the number and combat path of the Ascari, colonial Libya, Eritrea, and Italy’s policy in it, the author came to the conclusion that Italian colonialism from a clean slate formed an anti-Ethiopian identity in Eritrea. It was expressed in

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Senet, Awolker, Tekeste Yohannes, Tesfamichael Daniel, et al. "Incidence of blood transfusion reactions in Eritrea: a retrospective cross-sectional study." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (2020): 206–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4268212.

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Blood Transfusion is among the life-saving medical interventions that has significant impact in preventing and/or reducing mortality. It has however been associated with life-threatening adverse outcomes. In Eritrea, the burden of blood transfusion reaction is unknown. This study is conducted to estimate the incidence and determine the nature of blood transfusion reactions in all Eritrean hospitals using historical data. This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in all Eritrean hospitals. Data was collected from all Eritrean hospitals’, Eritrean Pharmacovigilan

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Locatelli, Francesca. "The Archives of the Municipality and the High Court of Asmara, Eritrea: Discovering the Eritrea “Hidden from History”." History in Africa 31 (2004): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003636.

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Eritrean independence in 1993 raised fundamental questions regarding the Eritrean past. Inevitably, scholars initially focused their analysis on the history of the Eritrean nationalist movement and liberation struggle. The long guerrilla war against the Ethiopian regime attracted the interest of numerous researchers, not only because of its implications for the redefinition of the political landscape of the Horn of Africa, but also because of the ways in which it had mobilized and reorganized Eritrean society. While this literature has shed much light upon interesting aspects of the political

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Magnet, Joseph Eliot. "Constitution Making in Eritrea: Why It Is Necessary to Go Back to the Future." African Journal of Legal Studies 8, no. 3-4 (2015): 237–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342064.

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Eritrea went through a constitutional process from 1995 to 1997, which resulted in a text that provides for the rule of law, democratic institutions and human rights. The text was ratified by the National Assembly, but never implemented. The United Nations, the usa and the eu support the 1997 Constitution. They have called on Eritrea to “(i)mplement (it) fully and without further delay”. This recommendation is challenged here. Eritrea is multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-lingual. The 1997 Constitution creates a highly centralized Stalinist structure that experience teaches does not work

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Lyons, Scott W. "Joint Declaration of Peace and Friendship between Eritrea and Ethiopia." International Legal Materials 58, no. 1 (2019): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2019.4.

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Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki signed a historic agreement on July 9, 2018, in Asmara, Eritrea, ending over two decades of open hostilities and war. The Joint Declaration of Peace and Friendship (Joint Declaration) marks a fundamental change for the Horn of Africa, with the reconciliation possibly altering the economic and political dynamics of the region. The Joint Declaration resulted from several key developments occurring over a few weeks from June through early July 2018. Ethiopia announced its acceptance of the original Algiers Agreement, dated

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Hagos, Yohannes, Yohannes Yacob, Medhanie Ghebrehiwet, and Jeheskel Shoshani. "The elephants (Loxodonta africana) of Gash-Barka, Eritrea: Part 1. Historical perspective and related findings." Pachyderm 34 (June 30, 2003): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v34i1.1129.

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This article reviews the historic range of elephant in Eritrea, as gleaned from archaeological and literary sources, notes taxonomic knowledge, and provides recent field data on the presence and status of elephant in the Gash-Barka area in the south-west. The shrinking habitat in Eritrea is due to both human settlement and lack of water resources. Two recent ground surveys, December 2001 and January-February 2003, implemented by the fourth author, as well as regular low flying United Nations flights between Ethiopia and Eritrea provided invaluable information of Eritrea's southwestern region.

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Weldehaimanot, Simon M., and Daniel R. Mekonnen. "The Nebulous Lawmaking Process in Eritrea." Journal of African Law 53, no. 2 (2009): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855309990027.

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AbstractThis article contrasts the lawmaking process in the Eritrean transitional legal framework with experience in South Africa, which offers insightful lessons for future improvement in Eritrea. Indeed, the Eritrean lawmaking process retains many imperfections in terms of the design of the interim constitution and ensuing practice. On paper, the competence of the executive and the legislature is not clearly demarcated. Rather, it is nebulously shared between both branches, resulting inevitably in competing interests. The lawmaking process lacks democratic characteristics and defies the requ

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Plastow, Jane. "The Eritrea Community-Based Theatre Project." New Theatre Quarterly 13, no. 52 (1997): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00011544.

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Following Jane Plastow's contextual history of Eritrean theatre in NTQ50, Paul Warwick gave an account in the following issue of its previously undocumented role during the thirty-year Eritrean struggle for independence, describing the efforts of the freedom fighters to create theatre for the first time in a rural context. The Eritrean People's Liberation Front not only deployed theatre as a propaganda weapon, but also recognized its value as an agent for educating the people in matters ranging from women's rights to the benefits of modern medicine and farming methods: and with victory came me

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Afsar Alam, Mohammad, and Masihulla Khan. "A Comparative Analysis of Life style of the Local People before and after the Construction of the Dams in the Sub Zone of Mendefera: A Case Study of Adi-Mengoti and Mai-Aron Dams." Journal for Geography 9, no. 1 (2014): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rg.9.1.3918.

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Eritrea is one of the Sahelian countries in the Horn of Africa facing acute shortage of water. In areas where rainfall is low and unreliable, the construction of dams is utmost important for irrigation, domestic and livestock uses. Agriculture is the mainstay of Eritrean people; it has been playing a vital role in the process of economic development. It is estimated that about 75 per cent of the population depends on agriculture and allied activities. In such a country where agriculture is the backbone of the economy regular supply of water for irrigation is as important as the veins and arter

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Amahazion, Fikresus. "Dragon Meets Camel: An Exploration of China’s Engagement with Eritrea." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 12, no. 4(S) (2022): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v12i4(s).3267.

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Over the past several decades, the People’s Republic of China’s engagement with African countries has grown tremendously. China has emerged as Africa’s largest trading partner, while Chinese investment in and lending to African countries has grown rapidly. In Eritrea, a young, developing country located in the Horn of Africa, Chinese involvement has also considerably increased in recent years. However, although there has been extensive study of China’s partnerships across the continent, very little work has been dedicated to examining its ties with Eritrea. What are the history and current sca

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Hayle, Makda Gebru, and Maham Zahoor. "Optimizing Available International Remedies for the Return of Cultural Artifacts: The Case of Eritrea." East African Journal of Law and Ethics 7, no. 1 (2024): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajle.7.1.2427.

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The identity of the artifacts taken from the origin states belongs to the state, as identity cannot be altered or modified. Besides, these cultural assets in their states of origin enjoy the living spirit, value, and respect of the people they belong to and provide the essence of historical legacy to their future generations. Eritrea, a small country in the east of Africa, had been under subjective colonizers for more than 100 years, where colonizers, primarily Italy and Ethiopia, confiscated many of the cultural artifacts of this country. Ethiopia started to seize historical objects in the ea

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Kumar, V. Raj, Priya Yadav, Efrem Kahsu, Farhana Girkar, and Rajnish Chakraborty. "Prevalence and Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction in Eritrean Population: A Retrospective Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 2 (2017): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1998.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The most commonly impacted tooth in the oral cavity is the mandibular third molar. Various etiologic factors have been suggested for impacted mandibular third molars. The pattern and prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars vary with different population and region. This study throws light on the prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular third molars in Eritrea, East Africa. This is the first reported study regarding the same from Eritrea. Aim To assess the prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular third molars in the population of Eritrea, East Africa by co

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Belloni, Milena. "Breaking Free from Tradition: Women, National Service and Migration in Eritrea." Migration Letters 16, no. 4 (2019): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v16i4.795.

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Drawing from ethnographic research with five young women living in Asmara (Eritrea), this article investigates the intersection between migration aspirations and the desire for gender –and sexual – emancipation. While an increasing amount of studies focuses on the effect of migration on gender roles and sexuality, this article aims to understand the gendered nature of migration aspirations at their outset. After a brief review of the role of women in Eritrean history, I illustrate how limited social and political freedom across the country specifically impacts on young women’s education and li

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Schmidt, Peter R., and Matthew C. Curtis. "Urban precursors in the Horn: early 1st-millennium BC communities in Eritrea." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (2001): 849–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089420.

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Eritrea fought a war of liberation for three decades between the early 1960s and 1991. While professional research stagnated because of the war, amateur archaeologists provided the sole source of information for ancient material culture in the country during this era. With the coming of independence in 1993, awareness of the potential value of Eritrea’s heritage resources began to grow, leading to an initiative in 1997 to teach archaeology and heritage management at the University of Asmara.Out of the combined training and research programmes conducted by the University of Asmara have come sev

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Gebrewahd, Meressa Tsehaye. "Securitization and Militarization of The Border: Security Dilemma in Post-1998 Ethiopia and Eritrea." Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 12, no. 4. (2019): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2018.12.4.6.

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The post-1991 Ethiopia and Eritrea were hoped to become promising and exemplary states in Africa. But, after seven years of euphoria, national stability and security trapped both countries into a bloody conflict, and their relation is now in structural crisis: the ‘no war, no peace’ dilemma. Their security dilemmas are basically centered on the antagonistic foreign and national security as well as nation-building policies. The post-independence nation-building attempt to forge a militarized single national identity in Eritrea, under the motto of “one people, one heart” and the remaking of the

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Andegiorgis, Ghebrehiwet Eyasu. "Counselling approaches used in solving students’ disciplinary problems in secondary schools in Keren sub-zone, Anseba region, Eritrea." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 10, no. 1 (2020): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v10i1.4263.

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Counselling service is new to the Eritrean education system and its implementation has not been easy. Despite counselling services being part of the educational policy and the curriculum, the use of counselling service is in its initial stages in many schools in Eritrea. This study assessed counselling approaches used in solving students’ disciplinary problems in secondary schools in Keren sub-zone, Anseba Region, Eritrea. This study adopted a mixed method research design across a target population that comprised 5 schools, 1,500 students, 100 teachers, 5 teacher counsellors and 5 head teacher

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Abbay, Futsum. "Eritrea." African Disability Rights Yearbook 3, no. 1 (2015): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-7138/2015/v3n1a7.

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Hagos, Muluberhan Berhe. "ERITREA." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 1059–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01232.

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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "ERITREA." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00384.

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O’Kane, David, and Anna Arnone. "Eritrea." Anthropology Today 32, no. 5 (2016): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12301.

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