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Journal articles on the topic "ERK MAP Kinases"

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Yamboliev, Ilia A., Kevin M. Wiesmann, Cherie A. Singer, Jason C. Hedges, and William T. Gerthoffer. "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases regulate ERK and p38 MAP kinases in canine colonic smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 279, no. 2 (2000): C352—C360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.2.c352.

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In canine colon, M2/M3 muscarinic receptors are coupled to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. We tested the hypothesis that this coupling is mediated by enzymes of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase family. RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated expression of two isoforms, PI 3-kinase-α and PI 3-kinase-γ. Muscarinic stimulation of intact muscle strips (10 μM ACh) activated PI 3-kinase-γ, ERK and p38 MAP kinases, and MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-2, whereas PI 3-kinase-α activation was not detected. Wortmannin (25 μM) abolished the activation of PI 3-kinase-γ, ERK, and p38 MAP kinases. MAP kinase inhibition was a PI 3-kinase-γ-specific effect, since wortmannin did not inhibit recombinant activated murine ERK2 MAP kinase, protein kinase C, Raf-1, or MAP kinase kinase. In cultured muscle cells, newborn calf serum (3%) activated PI 3-kinase-α and PI 3-kinase-γ isoforms, ERK and p38 MAP kinases, and stimulated chemotactic cell migration. Using wortmannin and LY-294002 to inhibit PI 3-kinase activity and PD-098059 and SB-203580 to inhibit ERK and p38 MAP kinases, we established that these enzymes are functionally important for regulation of chemotactic migration of colonic myocytes.
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Cook, Amy K., Michael Carty, Cherie A. Singer, Ilia A. Yamboliev, and William T. Gerthoffer. "Coupling of M2 muscarinic receptors to ERK MAP kinases and caldesmon phosphorylation in colonic smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 278, no. 3 (2000): G429—G437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.3.g429.

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Coupling of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors to activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and phosphorylation of caldesmon was studied in canine colonic smooth muscle strips in which M3 receptors were selectively inactivated by N, N-dimethyl-4-piperidinyl diphenylacetate (4-DAMP) mustard (40 nM). ACh elicited activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1, ERK2, and p38 MAP kinases in control muscles and increased phosphorylation of caldesmon (Ser789), a putative downstream target of MAP kinases. Alkylation of M3 receptors with 4-DAMP had only a modest inhibitory effect on ERK activation, p38 MAP kinase activation, and caldesmon phosphorylation. Subsequent treatment with 1 μM AF-DX 116 completely prevented activation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase and prevented caldesmon phosphorylation. Caldesmon phosphorylation was blocked by the MAP kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor PD-98509 but not by the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB-203580. These results indicate that colonic smooth muscle M2 receptors are coupled to ERK and p38 MAP kinases. Activation of ERK, but not p38 MAP kinases, results in phosphorylation of caldesmon in vivo, which is a novel function for M2receptor activation in smooth muscle.
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Yamboliev, Ilia A., Jason C. Hedges, Jack L. M. Mutnick, Leonard P. Adam, and William T. Gerthoffer. "Evidence for modulation of smooth muscle force by the p38 MAP kinase/HSP27 pathway." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278, no. 6 (2000): H1899—H1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.h1899.

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Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases signal to proteins that could modify smooth muscle contraction. Caldesmon is a substrate for extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK) and p38 MAP kinases in vitro and has been suggested to modulate actin-myosin interaction and contraction. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is downstream of p38 MAP kinases presumably participating in the sustained phase of muscle contraction. We tested the role of caldesmon and HSP27 phosphorylation in the contractile response of vascular smooth muscle by using inhibitors of both MAP kinase pathways. In intact smooth muscle, PD-098059 abolished endothelin-1 (ET-1)-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK MAP kinases and caldesmon, but p38 MAP kinase activation and contractile response remained unaffected. SB-203580 reduced muscle contraction and inhibited p38 MAP kinase and HSP27 phosphorylation but had no effect on ERK MAP kinase and caldesmon phosphorylation. In permeabilized muscle fibers, SB-203580 and a polyclonal anti-HSP27 antibody attenuated ET-1-dependent contraction, whereas PD-098059 had no effect. These results suggest that ERK MAP kinases phosphorylate caldesmon in vivo but that activation of this pathway is unnecessary for force development. The generation of maximal force may be modulated by the p38 MAP kinase/HSP27 pathway.
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SCHLIESS, Freimut, Ralf SINNING, Richard FISCHER, Corinne SCHMALENBACH, and Dieter HÄUSSINGER. "Calcium-dependent activation of Erk-1 and Erk-2 after hypo-osmotic astrocyte swelling." Biochemical Journal 320, no. 1 (1996): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3200167.

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The influence of hypo-osmotic cell swelling on the activity of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases Erk-1 and Erk-2 (where Erk stands for extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) was studied in cultured rat astrocytes. Hypo-osmotic treatment led within 10 min to an increased activity of Erk-1 and Erk-2, which became maximal at 20 min and returned to the basal level within 60 min. Moreover, exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions induced a biphasic increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i): a rapid peak-like increase was followed by a sustained plateau. The absence of extracellular Ca2+ completely abolished Erk activation as well as the plateau of the [Ca2+]i response after hypo-osmotic stimulation. Application of wortmannin and agents to elevate intracellular cAMP levels also completely blocked Erk activation but were without effect on the biphasic [Ca2+]i response to hypo-osmotic treatment of the cells, suggesting a role of PtdIns 3-kinase and the Ras/Raf pathway downstream of the calcium signal. Protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinases are unlikely to play a role in the hypo-osmolarity-induced signalling towards MAP kinases, as revealed by the blockage of PKC and CaM kinases. Inhibition of tyrosine kinases, pertussis-toxin- or cholera-toxin-sensitive G-proteins and phospholipase C had no effect on the [Ca2+]i response; the Erk response to hypo-osmolarity was also largely unaltered. This is different from the swelling-induced MAP kinase activation in hepatocytes, which was shown to occur via a calcium-independent but G-protein- and tyrosine kinase-dependent mechanism. Thus osmo-signalling towards MAP kinases might exhibit cell-type-specific features.
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Wilsbacher, Julie L., Elizabeth J. Goldsmith, and Melanie H. Cobb. "Phosphorylation of MAP kinases by MAP/ERK kinases involves multiple regions of MAP kinases." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 34 (1999): 24440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)55580-6.

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Frost, J. A., S. Xu, M. R. Hutchison, S. Marcus, and M. H. Cobb. "Actions of Rho family small G proteins and p21-activated protein kinases on mitogen-activated protein kinase family members." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 7 (1996): 3707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.7.3707.

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The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that are regulated by distinct extracellular stimuli. The currently known members include extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 (ERK1), ERK2, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinases (JNK/SAPKs), and p38 MAP kinases. We find that overexpression of the Ste20-related enzymes p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and PAK2 in 293 cells is sufficient to activate JNK/SAPK and to a lesser extent p38 MAP kinase but not ERK2. Rat MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1 can stimulate the activity of each of these MAP kinases. Although neither activated Rac nor the PAKs stimulate ERK2 activity, overexpression of either dominant negative Rac2 or the N-terminal regulatory domain of PAK1 inhibits Ras-mediated activation of ERK2, suggesting a permissive role for Rac in the control of the ERK pathway. Furthermore, constitutively active Rac2, Cdc42hs, and RhoA synergize with an activated form of Raf to increase ERK2 activity. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized connection between Rho family small G proteins and the ERK pathway.
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Chen, R. H., C. Sarnecki, and J. Blenis. "Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 3 (1992): 915–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.3.915.

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We demonstrate that members of the erk-encoded family of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (pp44/42mapk/erk) and members of the rsk-encoded protein kinases (RSKs or pp90rsk) are present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HeLa cells. Addition of growth factors to serum-deprived cells results in increased tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation and in the activation of cytosolic and nuclear MAP kinases. Activated MAP kinases then phosphorylate (serine/threonine) and activate RSKs. Concurrently, a fraction of the activated MAP kinases and RSKs enter the nucleus. In addition, a distinct growth-regulated RSK-kinase activity (an enzyme[s] that phosphorylates recombinant RSK in vitro and that may be another member of the erk-encoded family of MAP kinases) was found associated with a postnuclear membrane fraction. Regulation of nuclear MAP kinase and RSK activities by growth factors and phorbol ester is coordinate with immediate-early gene expression. Indeed, in vitro, MAP kinase and/or RSK phosphorylates histone H3 and the recombinant c-Fos and c-Jun polypeptides, transcription factors phosphorylated in a variety of cells in response to growth stimuli. These in vitro studies raise the possibility that the MAP kinase/RSK signal transduction pathway represents a protein-Tyr/Ser/Thr phosphorylation cascade with the spatial distribution and temporal regulation that can account for the rapid transmission of growth-regulating information from the membrane, through the cytoplasm, and to the nucleus.
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Chen, R. H., C. Sarnecki, and J. Blenis. "Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 3 (1992): 915–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.3.915-927.1992.

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We demonstrate that members of the erk-encoded family of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (pp44/42mapk/erk) and members of the rsk-encoded protein kinases (RSKs or pp90rsk) are present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HeLa cells. Addition of growth factors to serum-deprived cells results in increased tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation and in the activation of cytosolic and nuclear MAP kinases. Activated MAP kinases then phosphorylate (serine/threonine) and activate RSKs. Concurrently, a fraction of the activated MAP kinases and RSKs enter the nucleus. In addition, a distinct growth-regulated RSK-kinase activity (an enzyme[s] that phosphorylates recombinant RSK in vitro and that may be another member of the erk-encoded family of MAP kinases) was found associated with a postnuclear membrane fraction. Regulation of nuclear MAP kinase and RSK activities by growth factors and phorbol ester is coordinate with immediate-early gene expression. Indeed, in vitro, MAP kinase and/or RSK phosphorylates histone H3 and the recombinant c-Fos and c-Jun polypeptides, transcription factors phosphorylated in a variety of cells in response to growth stimuli. These in vitro studies raise the possibility that the MAP kinase/RSK signal transduction pathway represents a protein-Tyr/Ser/Thr phosphorylation cascade with the spatial distribution and temporal regulation that can account for the rapid transmission of growth-regulating information from the membrane, through the cytoplasm, and to the nucleus.
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Whitmarsh, A. J., S. H. Yang, M. S. Su, A. D. Sharrocks, and R. J. Davis. "Role of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases in the activation of ternary complex factors." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 5 (1997): 2360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.5.2360.

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The transcription factors Elk-1 and SAP-1 bind together with serum response factor to the serum response element present in the c-fos promoter and mediate increased gene expression. The ERK, JNK, and p38 groups of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases phosphorylate and activate Elk-1 in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. In contrast, SAP-1 is activated by ERK and p38 MAP kinases but not by JNK. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) activates JNK and p38 MAP kinases and induces the transcriptional activity of Elk-1 and SAP-1. These effects of IL-1 appear to be mediated by Rho family GTPases. To examine the relative roles of the JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways, we examined the effects of IL-1 on CHO and NIH 3T3 cells. Studies of NIH 3T3 cells demonstrated that both the JNK and p38 MAP kinases are required for IL-1-stimulated Elk-1 transcriptional activity, while only p38 MAP kinase contributes to IL-1-induced activation of SAP-1. In contrast, studies of CHO cells demonstrated that JNK (but not the p38 MAP kinase) is required for IL-1-stimulated Elk-1-dependent gene expression and that neither JNK nor p38 MAP kinase is required for IL-1 signaling to SAP-1. We conclude that (i) distinct MAP kinase signal transduction pathways mediate IL-1 signaling to ternary complex transcription factors (TCFs) in different cell types and (ii) individual TCFs show different responses to the JNK and p38 signaling pathways. The differential utilization of TCF proteins and MAP kinase signaling pathways represents a potential mechanism for the determination of cell-type-specific responses to extracellular stimuli.
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Below, Sabine, Anne Konkel, Cathrin Zeeck, et al. "Virulence factors ofStaphylococcus aureusinduce Erk-MAP kinase activation and c-Fos expression in S9 and 16HBE14o- human airway epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 296, no. 3 (2009): L470—L479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.90498.2008.

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Part of the innate defense of bronchial epithelia against bacterial colonization is regulated secretion of salt, water, and mucus as well as defensins and cytokines involving MAP kinase activation and alterations in early gene expression. We tested two different types of immortalized human airway epithelial cells (S9, 16HBE14o-) for activation of Erk-type MAP kinases and for expression of c-Fos on treatment with Staphylococcus aureus culture supernatants from the stationary growth phase [optical density (OD)540nm= 10] or with recombinant S. aureus hemolysins A and B (Hla, Hlb). OD10 supernatants activated Erk-type MAP kinases and c-Fos expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Hla induced Erk-type kinase phosphorylation in S9 but not in 16HBE14o- cells. Hlb induced Erk activation in either cell type. Basal and stimulated levels of Erk-type MAP kinase phosphorylation were sensitive to the Mek1 inhibitor PD-98059, indicating that the bacterial products activated the entire signaling cascade that coregulates IL-8 induction and secretion. While c-Fos expression was enhanced by OD10 supernatants, Hla, and Hlb in S9 cells, 16HBE14o- cells responded to OD10 supernatant and Hlb but not to Hla. In S9 cells, PD-98059 suppressed c-Fos upregulation by OD10 supernatant, Hla, or Hlb, indicating that c-Fos expression requires activation of Erk-type MAP kinases. In 16HBE14o- cells, however, c-Fos expression by OD10 supernatant was sensitive to PD-98059, while that induced by Hlb was not. This indicates that ingredients of OD10 supernatants other than Hla or Hlb are activating Erk-type MAP kinases in 16HBE14o- cells and that other intracellular signaling systems apart from Erk-type MAP kinases contribute to Hlb-mediated regulation of c-Fos. Thus interaction of bacterial factors with airway epithelial cells may be highly cell type specific.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ERK MAP Kinases"

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Samuels, Ivy S. "The roles of ERK₁ and ERK₂ MAP kinase in neural development and disease." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1214495630.

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Aoidi, Rifdat. "Étude du rôle de la voie ERK/MAPK dans le développement embryonnaire chez la souris." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27476.

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Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2016-2017<br>Les mammifères possèdent deux MAP kinases kinases (MEK1 et MEK2), impliquées dans l’activation de la voie ERK/MAPK essentielle pour la différenciation, la prolifération et la survie cellulaire. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de déterminer si les fonctions des kinases MEK1 et MEK2 sont redondantes durant le développement embryonnaire. Les souris Mek1-/- meurent à mi-gestation d’une malformation du placenta. Les souris Mek2-/- ne présentent aucun phénotype majeur, suggérant que ces deux protéines ont des rôles différents. Cependant, la plupart des mutants Mek1+/-Mek2+/- meurent pendant la gestation d’un sous-développement du placenta, indiquant que Mek1 et Mek2 ont chacun un rôle dans le développement des tissus extraembryonnaires. À ce jour aucune évidence claire ne permet de statuer sur la redondance fonctionnelle de MEK1 et MEK2. Afin de vérifier la spécificité fonctionnelle de Mek1 et Mek2, nous avons généré au laboratoire un allèle « knockin », exprimant l’ADNc de Mek2 sous contrôle du locus Mek1 (Mek12). L’analyse de ces souris a révélé la redondance fonctionnelle entre MEK1 et MEK2. L’analyse de combinaisons alléliques de Mek a démontré qu’une expression minimale de protéines MEK est cruciale pour le développement embryonnaire et la survie. Le second objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser les mutants Mp1. Les protéines d’échafaudage permettent de moduler l’activité de la voie ERK/MAPK et facilitent la transmission rapide du signal. Parmi les protéines d’échafaudage connues, seule MP1 (Mek Partner 1) a été identifiée comme étant un partenaire spécifique de MEK1 et ERK1. Cette spécificité suggère que MP1 pourrait contribuer à la différence d’activation de MEK1 et MEK2 en spécifiant le signal qui passe par Mek1. Afin d’étudier le rôle de Mp1 au cours du développement chez la souris, nous avons généré des souris Mp1-/-. L’analyse de ces mutants indique que le gène Mp1 est essentiel pour la survie et que sa fonction est nécessaire suite à la post-implantation. La dérégulation de la voie ERK/MAPK dans le développement chez l’homme a aussi des conséquences phénotypiques. Au cours des dernières années, une classe de syndromes a été caractérisée : Les « Rasophaties ». Ces syndromes partagent des caractéristiques communes qui sont, une mutation dans des gènes de la voie ERK/MAPK, une dysmorphologie cranio-faciale, des malformations cardiaques et cutanées ainsi qu’un retard mental. Parmi les mutations de la voie ERK/MAPK qui ont été identifiées, une mutation ponctuelle dans le gène Mek1 (Mek1Y130C) cause le syndrome Cardio-Facio-Cutané (CFC). Le dernier objectif de cette thèse était de générer un modèle animal pour le CFC portant la mutation Mek1Y130C. Les souris portant l’allèle Mek1Y130C présentent les phénotypes associés au CFC (i.e sténose pulmonaire, dysmorphologie cranio-faciale et défauts neurologiques).<br>Mammals possess two MAP kinase kinase (MEK1 and MEK2), involved in ERK/MAPK pathway. This pathway is essential for proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. The first objective of my thesis was to determinate if MEK1 and MEK2 kinases are redundant during embryonic development. Mek1-/- mice die at embryonic day E10.5 due to placental defects, whereas Mek2-/- mice survive with a normal lifespan suggesting that MEK1 possesses functions not shared by MEK2. However, most Mek1+/-Mek2+/- embryos also die from placental defects, indicating that both Mek genes contribute to placental development. To date, no clear evidence on MEK1 and MEK2 redundancy has been provided. To assess the functional specificity of the Mek1 and Mek2 genes, we produced a Mek1-knockin allele in which the Mek2 coding sequences were placed under the control of Mek1 regulatory sequences. Analyzing these mice allowed us to demonstrate that MEK1 and MEK2 can substitute for each other and that a minimal amount of MEK is critical for placenta development and embryo survival. The second objective of my thesis was to characterize Mp1 mutants. Scaffold proteins modulate MAPK pathway by providing spatial and temporal specificity. Among known ERK/MAPK scaffold proteins, only MP1 (Mek Partner 1) is specific to MEK1 and ERK1, raising the question of the specificity of MP1 in the regulation of ERK/MAPK pathway via MEK1. In order to investigate Mp1 function in vivo, we generated Mp1 knock-out mice. Analyzing these mice enable us to suggest that Mp1 is required for embryonic development and is essential during post-implantation. Deregulation of Ras/MAPK pathway also causes developmental phenotypes in human. During the last decade, a new class of syndromes, which share common phenotypes such as mutations in Ras/MAPK pathway, cranio-facial dysmorphology, cardiac and cutaneous malformations and neurological delay has been described and named Rasophaties. Among the DNA mutations found in rasopathies, the Mek1 mutation, Mek1Y130C, causes cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC). The last objective of my thesis was to generate a mouse model of CFC, with the Mek1Y130C mutation. I found that mice carrying the Mek1Y130C mutation partially recapitulate CFC syndrome (i.e pulmonary stenosis, crani-facial dysmophia and neurological defects).
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Guégan, Jean-philippe. "Spécificités fonctionnelles des MAP kinases MEK/ERK dans la prolifération et suivie des hépatocytes transformés." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S122.

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La voie de signalisation ERK1/2 occupe une place centrale dans la régulation d'un grand nombre de processus physiologiques. Par conséquent, ses dérégulations sont liées au développement de diverses pathologies, dont le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC), 3ème cause de mortalité par cancer à travers le monde. Au sein de cette signalisation, les protéines kinases MEK1 et MEK2, comme ERK1 et ERK2, présentent une forte homologie de séquence et ont ainsi été largement considérées comme redondantes. Cependant, un nombre grandissant d'études montre que ces protéines ne sont pas totalement interchangeables. Au cours de ce travail, notre objectif fut de progresser dans la compréhension des mécanismes régulant la voie ERK1/2, en focalisant notre étude sur l'existence ou non d'une spécificité fonctionnelle entre les kinases. Nous montrons ici que malgré leur forte redondance, ces protéines peuvent également remplir certaines fonctions de façon spécifique. Par l'utilisation d'ARN interférents et de souris ERK1-/-, nous démontrons en effet un rôle prépondérant de la kinase ERK1 dans la survie des hépatocytes tumoraux. Son inhibition protège les cellules de la toxicité de l'agent chimiothérapeutique cisplatine et l'augmentation de son activité, causée par l'extinction de l'isoforme ERK2, les sensibilise à l'action de la drogue. Nous montrons aussi que la prolifération des cellules de CHC est uniquement dépendante de l'activité de MEK1. Son inhibition spécifique bloque la croissance cellulaire et ce défaut n'est corrigé que par la réexpression de MEK1, non par celle de MEK2. Ces travaux supportent ainsi l'intérêt d'une inhibition ciblée de la voie MAPK dans le traitement du CHC<br>The ERK1/2 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. Therefore, its deregulations are linked to the development of various human diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Within the MAPK pathway, the kinases MEK1 and MEK2, as well as ERK1 and ERK2, share a high sequence homology and have been widely regarded as redundant isoform. However, a growing number of studies show that these kinases are not completely interchangeable. In order to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the MAPK pathway, we focused our study on the existence of functional specificity between the kinases. Here, we ascertained that despite their high redundancy, the protein kinases could also perform certain functions in a specific manner. Using RNA interference and ERK1-/- mice, we show a predominant role of the kinase ERK1 in tumor hepatocyte survival. Indeed, ERK1 specific targeting protects cells from the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, whereas its increased activity, caused by ERK2 specific extinction, sensitizes them to the drug. In addition, we show that HCC cell proliferation solely depends on MEK1 activity. MEK1 specific inhibition impairs cell growth and this defect can only be reversed by MEK1 re-expression, not by MEK2. In conclusion, this work supports that targeted inhibition of the MAPK pathway could represent an interesting strategy for HCC treatment
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Bermudez, Olga. "Régulation post-transcriptionnelle et post-traductionnelle de DUSP6, une phosphatase des MAP kinases ERK 1/2." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4054.

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Les MAP kinases phosphatases (MKPs) appartiennent à la famille des Dual-Specificity Phosphatases (DUSP) et déphosphorylent les résidus thréonine et tyrosine des MAP kinases activées. DUSP6/MKP-3 est une phosphatase cytoplasmique qui déphosphoryle et donc inactive de façon spécifique les MAP kinases ERK1/2. DUSP6 a un rôle important au cours du développement, particulièrement dans la régulation du signal induit par le FGF, et son absence provoque des effet phénotypiques majeurs chez la Drosophile, le poulet, le poisson-zèbre et la souris. DUSP6 pourrait jouer également un rôle important au cours de la formation et du développement des tumeurs car son expression se trouve altérée dans divers cancers. Pour ces raisons, je me suis intéressée aux mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation de son expression, au niveau post-transcriptionnel et post-traductionnel. Des données antérieures du laboratoire ont indiqué que DUSP6 était phosphorylée et dégradée après stimulation des cellules avec des facteurs de croissance, de façon MEK/ERK-dépendante (Marchetti et al. , 2005). Dans la première partie de ma thèse, j’ai étudié le rôle d’autres voies de signalisation dans la régulation de DUSP6. Nous avons montré qu’une autre voie de signalisation, la voie PI3K/mTOR, est responsable d’une partie de la phosphorylation et de la dégradation de DUSP6 induite par les facteurs de croissance (Bermudez et al. , 2008). Toutefois, une activité basale de MEK est nécessaire pour que la phosphorylation de DUSP6 par mTOR ait lieu. Des études de mutagenèse ont montré que la sérine 159 est le résidu phosphorylé par mTOR. La phosphatase DUSP6 pourrait donc constituer un nouveau point d’interaction entre deux grandes voies de signalisation cellulaire activées par les facteurs de croissance, la voie MEK/ERK et la voie PI3K/mTOR. Dans la deuxième partie de mon travail, je me suis intéressée à la régulation de dusp6 au niveau de son ARNm. D’autres équipes ont montré que la voie MEK/ERK jouait un rôle dans l’activation transcriptionnelle de dusp6. Nous avons confirmé que l’inhibition de MEK/ERK réduit fortement les quantités d’ARNm de dusp6. Afin d’étudier la régulation de la stabilité de l’ARNm de dusp6, nous avons cloné dans un vecteur d’expression un gène rapporteur luciférase en amont de la région non codante 3’UTR de dusp6, qui contient des sites consensus pour différents facteurs qui déstabilisent/stabilisent les ARNm. Nous avons trouvé que la voie MEK/ERK stabilise l’ARNm de dusp6. Par ailleurs, des conditions d’hypoxie, une caractéristique de nombreuses tumeurs in vivo, induisent une augmentation des niveaux d’ARNm de dusp6, augmentation qui dépend de HIF-1alpha. Finalement, nous avons identifié deux facteurs qui déstabilisent l’ARNm de dusp6, TTP (tristetraprolin) et PUM2, un homologue du gène pumilio de la drosophile. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse montrent donc que la voie MEK/ERK est impliquée dans la régulation de DUSP6 à différents niveaux, de la régulation de son ARNm au niveau post-traductionnel, dans une boucle de rétrocontrôle. L’étude de la régulation de DUSP6 apporte des éléments supplémentaires pour la compréhension des mécanismes complexes impliqués dans l’activation d’ERK1/2 au sein du réseau de signalisation des MAPKs, où des régulations positives et négatives contribuent à un contrôle subtil de l’activation des MAP Kinases ERKs dans l’espace et le temps<br>MAP kinases phosphatases (MKPs) belong to the Dual-Specificity Phophatase family (DUSP) and dephosphorylate phospho-threonine and phospho-tyrosine within MAP kinases. DUSP6/MKP-3 is a cytoplasmic phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates the MAP Kinases ERK ½. DUSP6 has an important role during animal embryogenesis, specially in the regulation of FGF signaling, and its absence leads to major phenotypic effects in Drosophila, chicken, zebrafish and mice. The expression of DUSP6 can also be regulated in some cancers: its expression is upregulated in melanoma and myeloma but downregulated in invasive stages of pancreas cancer. Given the importance of dusp6 regulation in physiological and pathological cases, I focused my attention on studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of dusp6. As the transcriptional regulation of dusp6 has been previously reported, I concentrated on dusp6 mRNA stability and the degradation of the protein DUSP6. Previous results in the lab have shown that at the protein level, DUSP6 was phosphorylated and degraded upon growth factor stimulation, in a MEK-dependent manner (Marchetti et al. , 2005). In the first part of my PhD, I studied the role of other signaling pathways in DUSP6 regulation and I showed that another pathway involved in growth factor signaling, the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, also accounts for a part of the phosphorylation and degradation of DUSP6 induced by serum growth factors (Bermudez et al. , 2008, Oncogene). However, a basal activity of MEK was required for the mTOR pathway-mediated phosphorylation to occur. Mutagenesis studies identified serine 159 within DUSP6 as the target of the mTOR pathway. The ERK phosphatase DUSP6 may thus constitute a novel branch-point of the cross-talk between two major signaling pathways induced by growth factors, the MEK/ERK pathway and the PI3K/mTOR pathway. In a second part of my work, I investigate the molecular basis of dusp6 regulation at the mRNA level. Others have shown a role for the MEK/ERK pathway in transcriptional activation of dusp6, and we confirmed that their inhibition strongly diminished the amount of dusp6 mRNA. To determine whether the stability of dusp6 mRNA could be subjected to regulation, a luciferase reporter was cloned upstream of the non coding 3’UTR of dusp6, which contains consensus sequences for various stabilization/destabilization factors. The MEK/ERK pathway was found to stabilize dusp6 mRNA. Hypoxic conditions, a hallmark of many tumors in vivo, induce a modest but reproducible increase in dusp6 mRNA levels, which is HIF1-alpha dependent. Consistent with increased dusp6 mRNA levels in hypoxia, we found that pERK levels are diminished under hypoxia in several albeit not all cancer cell lines tested. Finally, I identified two different mRNA-binding proteins, tristetraprolin (TTP) and PUM2 as factors destabilizing dusp6 mRNA. Altogether, these results indicate that the regulation of DUSP6 involves the MEK/ERK pathway at different levels, at the mRNA level as well as at the post-translation level, in a feedback loop. The study of dusp6 expression brings additional information about the complex mechanisms involved in ERK1/2 activity within the network of MAPKs, where positive and negative regulations lead to a subtle but tight control of ERK activation in space and time
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Sampey, Brante P. "Studies of the adduction of hepatocellular proteins by 4-HNE in animals [sic] models of alcoholic liver disease : systematic analysis of hepatocellular Erk 1/2 modulation and dysregulation of the Erk-Elk-AP1 signal transduction pathway /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Toxicology) -- University of Colorado, 2005.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-156). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Arachiche, Amal. "Recherche des signaux effecteurs dans l'exposition membranaire de la phosphatidylsérine procoagulante : exploration des voies MAPK/ERK et pro-apoptotique mitochondriale." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077090.

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L'exposition de la phosphatidylserine (PS) à la surface des plaquettes et cellules activées joue un rôle important dans la coagulation. En effet, la PS exposée catalyse l'assemblage et l'activation des facteurs de la coagulation à la surface membranaire. Un défaut d'exposition de la PS peut générer des événements hémorragiques, comme dans le syndrome de Scott, alors qu'un excès conduit à des événements thrombotiques. L'exposition de la PS caractérise aussi les cellules en apoptose, et est essentielle à leur élimination par les phagocytes. Le but de ce travail est d'identifier, dans les cellules hématopoïétiques (plaquettes et lignées de lymphocytes), les mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant l'exposition rapide, dépendante du calcium (Ca²⁺), de la PS. La connaissance de ce mécanisme est essentielle pour moduler le degré d'exposition de la PS dans les pathologies thrombotiques. Dans ce travail, l'implication dans l'exposition de la PS des voies des MAPK/ERK1/2, et l'hypothèse que le processus soit un phénomène d'apoptose rapide dépendant de la chute du potentiel membranaire mitochondrial (ΔΨm), ont été examinées. Les résultats montrent que, bien que pouvant avoir lieu en même temps, ni l'activation de la voie des MAPK/ERK, ni la chute du ΔΨm ne contrôlent l'exposition rapide de la PS procoagulante. Les résultats soulignent de plus le rôle clef d'un influx massif de Ca²⁺. Ainsi, l'importance d'autres éléments associés à (et dépendants de) l'influx du Ca²⁺ doit être analysée, tels que l'activation de canaux ioniques (K⁺, Na⁺. . . ) membranaires, qui influencent la réorganisation des phospholipides membranaires dans divers modèles cellulaires<br>Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the surface of activated platelets or cells is important in coagulation. Indeed, exposed PS can promote assembly and activation of the coagulation factors. Impaired PS exposure can be responsible for bleeding events, as in Scott syndrome, while excessive PS exposure leads to thrombotic events. PS exposure also occurs at the membrane of apoptotic cells, and is essential for their clearance by phagocytes. The aim of this work was to identify in hematopoietic cells (platelets and lymphocytic cell lines) the molecular mechanisms controlling the rapid Ca²⁺-dependent PS exposure. Understanding this mechanism is essential to modulate PS exposure in thrombotic disorders. In this work, the involvement in PS exposure of the MAPK/ERK pathway, and the hypohesis that the process is a rapid apoptotic phenomenon controlled by loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) were examined. The results show that although they may occur concurrently, neither the MAPK/ERK pathway activation, nor the loss of A\|/m control the rapid procoagulant PS exposure. The data also highlight the key role of an increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ brought about by a massive influx in the process. Therefore, the importance of other factors associated to (and dependent on) Ca²⁺ influx must be analyzed, such as activation of membrane ion channels (K⁺, Na⁺. . . ), which has been shown to influence phospholipid membrane remodelling in different cells models
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Jager, Jennifer. "Implication de la voie de signalisation des MAP kinases ERK dans l'inflammation du tissu adipeux et l'insulinorésistance lors de l'obésité." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4082.

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L’obésité et le diabète de type 2 sont caractérisés par une résistance des tissus périphériques à l’action de l’insuline. Lors de l’obésité, les cytokines inflammatoires (TNFα, IL-1β) produites par le tissu adipeux jouent un rôle clé dans le développement de la résistance à l’insuline. L’identification des mécanismes reliant inflammation et insulinorésistance permettrait de trouver des cibles pharmacologiques pour prévenir le diabète de type 2. Nous avons montré in vitro que l’inhibition pharmacologique de la voie des MAP kinases ERK prévenait l’insulinorésistance des adipocytes induite par l’IL-1β. Afin de valider l’implication in vivo de la voie ERK dans l’insulinorésistance induite par l’obésité, nous avons invalidé ERK1 chez des souris obèses et insulinorésistantes. Les souris ob/ob-Erk1-/- obtenues sont obèses et présentent une amélioration de la sensibilité à l’insuline, une diminution de l’inflammation du tissu adipeux et sont partiellement protégées de la stéatose hépatique. Par la suite, nous avons identifié la kinase Tpl2 comme étant un médiateur spécifique de l’IL-1β et du TNFα sur l’activation de la voie ERK, la stimulation de la lipolyse, et la phosphorylation d’IRS1 sur des résidus sérine, dans les adipocytes. De plus, l’IL-1β et le TNFα augmentent l’expression de Tpl2 via la voie de signalisation IKKβ/NFκB, pouvant expliquer la dérégulation de l’expression de Tpl2 observée dans le tissu adipeux d’animaux et de patients obèses. Ces résultats suggèrent une implication de la voie ERK dans le développement de l’insulinorésistance induite par l’obésité, et que la kinase Tpl2 pourrait être une nouvelle cible pharmacologique pour prévenir le diabète de type 2<br>Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by a resistance of the peripheral tissue to insulin action. In obesity, proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β) produced by adipose tissue are involved in the development of insulin resistance. Identification of the mechanisms linking inflammation and insulin resistance would be helpful to design new therapeutic targets to prevent type 2 diabetes. We have shown in vitro that pharmacological inhibition of the MAP kinase ERK pathway prevents IL-1β-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. To investigate the role of ERK pathway in obesity-induced insulin resistance in vivo, we have invalidated ERK1 in obese and insulin resistant mice. The ob/ob-Erk1-/- mice obtained are obese but show an improvement of the insulin sensitivity, a decrease in adipose tissue inflammation and these mice are partially protected from hepatic steatosis. In a second part we have shown that the kinase Tpl2 specifically mediates inflammatory cytokines effects on ERK activation, lipolysis activation and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in adipocytes. Moreover, we have shown that IL-1β and TNFα up-regulate Tpl2 expression in an IKKβ/NF-κB-dependant maner, which could explain the deregulated expression of Tpl2 in adipose tissue of obese mice and patients. These results show the implication of ERK pathway in obesity-induced insulin resistance, and that the Tpl2 kinase could be a new pharmacological target to fight type 2 diabetes
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Boulven, Isaline. "Réseaux de transduction stimulés par les récepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase et les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G dans les cellules myométriales : rôle dans l'activation des protéines ERK et impact sur la prolifération cellulaire." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112007.

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Cette étude concerne les réseaux de signalisation impliqués dans la régulation de la prolifération des cellules musculaires lisses utérines (cellules myomètriales), celle-ci jouant un rôle essentiel dans le contrôle des activités de l'utérus. Nous avons démontré, dans des cellules de myomètre de rate en culture primaire, l'implication des MAP kinases de type ERK dans l'effet mitogène de différents agents: le PDGF, un facteur de croissance qui interagit avec un récepteur à activité tyrosine kinase, l'endothéline-1 (ET-1), un peptide mitogénique qui interagit avec un récepteur couplé aux protéines Gi et Gq dans le myomètre, et le pervanadate (PV), un inhibiteur de protéines tyrosine phosphatases. Nos résultats ont démontré que le PDGF et le PV stimulent les voies PLCγ1/InsP3 et ERK qui conduisent à la libération d'acide arachidonique et à la biosynthèse de prostaglandines impliquées dans la production d'AMPc. L'effet inhibiteur de l'AMPc sur l'activation de ERK et la synthèse d'ADN induites par les PDGF et le PV souligne l'existence d'une boucle de rétroinhibition au niveau des réponses médiées par ces deux agents. Nous avons également montré la présence et l'activation par le PV des protéines tyrosine kinases de la famille Src dans les cellules de myomètre. Ces protéines sont impliquées dans l'activation de la PLCγ1 et la production d'InsP3 dues au PV, et dans l'activation de ERK par ET-1. En effet, l'activation de ERK par ET-1 met en jeu la stimulation séquentielle de PKC, Src et Ras. Par ailleurs, deux voies de transduction contribuent à l'activation PKC-dépendante de ERK par ET-l: une voie Gq/PLCβ/InsP3/PKC conventionnelles et nouvelles, et une voie Gi/PI3-kinase/PKC atypiques. L'ensemble de cette étude contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de régulation de la prolifération des cellules de myomètre, qui intervient dans des conditions physiologiques (gestation) mais aussi pathologiques (fibromes) et physiopathologiques (préterme)<br>In this study, we aimed to analyse the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of myometrial cells proliferation which plays an essential role in uterine functions. We demonstrated, in rat myometrial cells in primary culture, the involvement of MAP kinases of the ERK type in the mitogenic effect of various agents: PDGF, a growth factor acting through a receptor tyrosine kinase, endothelin-1 (ET -1), a mitogenic peptide which interacts in the myometrium with receptors coupled to Gi and Gq proteins, and pervanadate (PV), a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. Our results showed that PDGF and PV induced PLC-γ1/Ins3 stimulation and ERK activation that both contribute to cAMP production by increasing the release of arachidonic acid and the biosynthesis of prostaglandin. The inhibition of ERK activation and DNA synthesis by cAMP constitutes a potentially important negative feedback loop for PDGF and PV- mediated responses. The presence and the activation by PV of tyrosine kinases of the Src family was also demonstrated in rat myometrial cells. These kinases contributed to the activation of PLCγ1 and the production of InsP3 triggered by PV, and to the activation of ERK induced by ET-1. Indeed, we demonstrated that ET-1-mediated ERK activation involves the sequential activation of PKC, Src and Ras. We also showed that two signalling pathways contribute to the PKC-dependant ERK activation induced by ET-1: a Gq-PLCβ-InsP3-conventional/novel PKC and a Gi-PI3kinase-atypical PKC pathway. Altogether, the results demonstrate the presence of signalling networks required for the regulation of myometrial cells proliferation which play an essential role in physiological conditions (gestation) as well as pathological (fibroma) and physiopathological (preterm) conditions
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Falin, Rebecca A. "Acute Inhibition of the Epithelial Sodium Channel." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1190724697.

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Mariani, Louise-Laure. "Biosensor imaging of dopamine and glutamate signaling in striatal projection neurons in a mouse model of dopamine depletion." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS511.

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La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est la seconde maladie neurodégénérative la plus fréquente. Il n’y a pas de traitement curatif de la maladie. Les traitements symptomatiques s’appuient principalement sur le remplacement de la dopamine (DA). Le traitement par L-DOPA, particulièrement efficace initialement, se complique à long terme par des fluctuations et dyskinésies. Les mécanismes de la plasticité striatale anormale sous-tendant l’apparition de ces dyskinésies sont mal compris. Le but de ce projet était d’identifier les anomalies des voies de signalisation dans les neurones de projection du striatum en l’absence de DA. Nous avons utilisé chez des souris avec lésion ou non des neurones DA par la 6-OHDA, des biosenseurs permettant l’étude de voies de signalisation en imagerie cellulaire multiphotonique de neurones vivants dans des tranches corticostriatales. Nous avons d’abord mis au point ce modèle combinant injection stéréotaxique de toxine et de vecteur viral chez des souris adultes. Dans certaines expériences nous avons étudié spécifiquement les réponses des neurones de projection striataux des voies directe (NPSd) ou indirecte (NPSi) en utilisant des biosenseurs activés par la recombinase Cre et des lignées transgéniques exprimant spécifiquement cette enzyme dans l’une ou l’autre population. Nous avons utilisé des biosenseurs FRET pour mesurer l’activité de la kinase dépendante de l’AMPc (PKA, sonde AKAR3) ou ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, sonde EKAR-EV) et le senseur calcique GcAMP6S pour le Ca2+ libre cytosolique avec une bonne résolution spatiale et temporelle. Nous avons modulé pharmacologiquement les récepteurs de la DA, du glutamate et de l’adénosine, ainsi que les activités des kinases et phosphodiestérases. Nous avons observé que la lésion augmentait les réponses ERK à la stimulation des récepteurs D1 de la DA dans les NPSd. Nous avons montré une augmentation des réponses PKA dans ces neurones pouvant être liée à une augmentation de la protéine G stimulatrice d’adénylyle cyclase, Gαolf, ainsi qu’à une inhibition des phosphodiestérases. L’imagerie calcique a mis en évidence une augmentation de l’activité spontanée des NPSd et, de manière inattendue, de la sensibilité à la stimulation des récepteurs AMPA du glutamate des NPSi. En conclusion notre travail utilise pour la première fois l’imagerie biphotonique par biosenseurs dans le striatum dépourvu de DA de souris adulte. Il met en évidence des déficits multiples et distincts de la signalisation dans les deux populations de neurones de projection du striatum et suggère des mécanismes possibles de ces altérations<br>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. There is currently no cure for PD. Symptomatic drug therapy essentially relies on dopamine (DA) replacement therapy. The spectacular antiparkinsonian effect of levodopa in PD is however hampered by long-term complications, motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in all patients at some time during the disease course. The mechanisms of the maladaptive striatal plasticity leading to dyskinesia are not well understood. The aim of this project was to identify the dysregulations of signaling pathways in striatal projection neurons (SPN) in the absence of dopamine. We used a mouse model of lesion of DA neurons with 6-OHDA and virally transduced biosensors to monitor signaling pathways in live neurons with two-photon imaging of corticostriatal slices. We focused our attention on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Ca2+ which are known to be altered in the absence of DA. We first set up a reliable experimental model in adult mice, successfully combining 6-OHDA and viral vector in the same unilateral stereotactic injection into the dorsal striatum. In some experiments we targeted the biosensor expression to specific neuronal populations using Cre-dependent “flexed” biosensors. We used mice expressing Cre under the control of the D1 DA receptor (D1R) promoter to target specifically striatal projection neurons of the direct pathway (dSPNs) or the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) to target SPNs of the indirect pathway (iSPNs). We used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors EKAR-EV and AKAR-3 to monitor ERK and PKA activities, respectively. We also monitored cytosolic free Ca2+ with the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6S. We used pharmacological tools to modulate glutamate, DA, and adenosine receptors as well as phosphodiesterases (PDE) and kinases activities. We observed that the DA lesion increased ERK responsiveness to stimulation of D1R. Since ERK activation depends on both cAMP and Ca2+ signals, we then investigated these two pathways. We observed an increased activation of PKA in response to D1R but not A2AR. We explored the mechanism of this increased sensitivity using mice deficient for Gαolf, the G protein that couples striatal receptors to adenylyl cyclase. We provided evidence that increased levels of Gαolf contributed to enhanced D1 responses after 6-OHDA lesions and identified a deficit in PDE activity in D1 neurons that was likely to amplify this effect. By monitoring Ca2+ signals we showed an increased spontaneous activity of D1 neurons in lesioned mice. However, unexpectedly the Ca2+ responses to stimulation of AMPA glutamate receptors were increased in iSPNs and not dSPNs. In conclusion, our work using for the first time 2-photon biosensor imaging in the DA-depleted striatum of adult mice confirms and extends previous observations on signaling dysregulations in the absence of DA. It reveals distinct cell type-specific alterations of cAMP, Ca2+ and ERK responses in the two populations of SPNs and suggests possible mechanisms for these alterations
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Books on the topic "ERK MAP Kinases"

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Elowe, Sabine. Regulation of the ERK MAP kinase cascade by the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases. 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "ERK MAP Kinases"

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Monteiro, Hugo P., Fernando T. Ogata, and Arnold Stern. "H2O2-Induced ERK 1/2 MAP Kinases Activity Mediating the Interaction between Thioredoxin-1 and the Thioredoxin Interacting Protein." In Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism in Health and Disease. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154831-22.

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Marchi, Matilde, Riccardo Parra, Mario Costa, and Gian Michele Ratto. "Localization and Trafficking of Fluorescently Tagged ERK1 and ERK2." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_17.

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Procaccia, Shiri, Sarah Kraus, and Rony Seger. "Determination of ERK Activity: Anti-phospho-ERK Antibodies and In Vitro Phosphorylation." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_2.

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Mendoza, Michelle C., Ekrem Emrah Er, and John Blenis. "ERK-MAP Kinase Signaling in the Cytoplasm." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_11.

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Indrigo, Marzia, Alessandro Papale, Daniel Orellana, and Riccardo Brambilla. "Lentiviral Vectors to Study the Differential Function of ERK1 and ERK2 MAP Kinases." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_12.

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McKay, Melissa M., and Deborah K. Morrison. "Proteomic Analysis of Scaffold Proteins in the ERK Cascade." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_19.

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Galabova-Kovacs, Gergana, and Manuela Baccarini. "Deciphering Signaling Pathways In Vivo: The Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk Cascade." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_26.

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Caunt, Christopher J., Stephen P. Armstrong, and Craig A. McArdle. "Using High-Content Microscopy to Study Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Regulation of ERK." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_32.

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Pinto, Adán, and Piero Crespo. "Analysis of ERKs’ Dimerization by Electrophoresis." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_20.

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Essafi-Benkhadir, Khadija, Jacques Pouysségur, and Gilles Pagès. "Implication of the ERK Pathway on the Post-transcriptional Regulation of VEGF mRNA Stability." In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "ERK MAP Kinases"

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Ali-Osman, Francis, Tatsunori Okamura, Ryan Turley, et al. "Abstract B229: Novel ezatiostat analogues disrupt binding of GSTP1 to all three major MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38) and exhibit context-dependent antitumor activity." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics--Nov 12-16, 2011; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-b229.

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Sheikh, Abdul Q., Andrei Kogan, and Daria A. Narmoneva. "Electromagnetic Field Mediates Capillary-Like Network Formation via MAPK/ERK Signaling Cascade." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206710.

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Abnormal angiogenesis (formation of capillaries) plays an important role in the impaired diabetic wound healing and has emerged as a new target area for therapeutic interventions. Pulsed magnetic field therapy, which was initially used for healing of bone fractures, has been recently introduced as a potential therapy to treat diabetic and chronic wounds [1], although the mechanisms responsible for improved healing are still unclear. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been shown to act as a directional cues in cellular responses such as migration and activations of several signal transduction cascades [2]. Recent literature delineates an important role of GHz EMF (i.e., with an oscillation period of a fraction of a nanosecond) in inducing rapid and sustained phosphorylation of mitrogen-activated kinase and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) [3]. Recent studies have also implicated MAP kinase in mediating the phosphorylation of Connexin-43 (Cx43) that accompanies regulation of cell-cell communication via connexin gap junctions [4]. Importantly, both MAPK/ERK pathway and Cx43 signaling are involved in the process of angiogenesis [5,6]. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that high-frequency (7.5GHz) EMFs promote angiogenesis in vitro via MAPK/ERK and/or Cx43 signaling. We used a custom-built EMF exposure setup and a self-assembling peptide nanoscaffold as a controlled angiogenic microenvironment [7] to quantify the effect of EMF on capillary formation and underlying cellular responses.
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Newton, Robert, Elizabeth M. King, Wei Gong, Christopher F. Rider, and Neil S. Holden. "Induction Of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase (MKP) 1 By Glucocorticoids Inhibits Extracellular-Regulated Kinases (ERKs) To Suppress GM-CSF Synthesis." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4948.

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Kashyap, Meghana, Kristen T. Carter, Brent C. Sauer та Christopher T. Chen. "NF-κB Mediates Cartilage Degradation Induced by Trauma Injury and Interleukin-1". У ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14513.

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Chondrocyte death, induced by impact injury (necrosis) and/or apoptotic inducers such as cytokines, and high level of nitric oxide, is important for the development of post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) [1–3]. The upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin −1 (IL-1) and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, is known to mediate cartilage degradation in inflammatory diseases and after trauma injury [1,2, 6–9]. IL-1 induces the degradation of proteoglycan (PG) in cartilage through NF-κB and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK: p38, ERK and JNK) pathways [1,2,6]. IL-1 is highly upregulated in synovial joint after impact injury, but the role of IL-1 induced chondrocyte death and matrix/PG degradation in injured cartilage is not completely clear.
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Tzouvelekis, A., T. Karampitsakos, K. Min, et al. "Role of Mitogen activated-kinase (MAPK)-phosphatase (MKP)-5 in pulmonary fibrosis." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.lsc-1111.

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Jackson, Ryan M., Ethan J. Brock, Seema Shah, et al. "Abstract B28: Induced expression of Sprouty4 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma cells inhibits ERK MAP kinase and reduces malignant phenotype." In Abstracts: AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.pmccavuln16-b28.

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Racke, Kurt, Ahmedat S. Ahmedat, Mareille Warnken, and Uwe R. Juergens. "Endothelin-1-Induced Stimulation Of Collagen Synthesis In Human Lung Fibroblasts Is Mediated Via Activation Of ERK – MAP Kinase Pathway." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1929.

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Vengethasamy, Leanda, Rik Gijsbers, Annelies Michiels, et al. "IL18 induces p38 MAP kinase activation and adhesion capacities in BMPRII knocked down human lung microvascular endothelial cells." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa5089.

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Numata, Takanori, Jun Araya, Satoko Nojiri, et al. "Inhibition Of Poly-IC Induced Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Apoptosis By Insulin-dependent PI3-Kinase/Akt And ERK Signaling Pathways." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4928.

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Makena, Patrudu S., Manik C. Ghosh, Vijay K. Gorantla, et al. "Regulation Of ERK-1,2 By Apoptosis Signal Regulating Kinase-1 (ASK-1) Is Required For Ventilator Induced-Apoptosis And Lung Injury." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5435.

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