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Journal articles on the topic 'Erosion diffuse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

López-Pintor, Antonio, Javier Sanz-Cañada, Ernesto Salas, and Alejandro Rescia. "Assessment of Agri-Environmental Externalities in Spanish Socio-Ecological Landscapes of Olive Groves." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (2018): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082640.

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Traditional agricultural systems and their spatial context constitute socio-ecological landscapes for their long co-evolutionary history. However, these systems not only generate positive but also negative agri-environmental externalities, such as soil erosion, diffuse pollution and potential wild biodiversity degradation. In this paper, we present a methodological approach for developing and testing indicators to estimate the effects of these externalities, especially designed to be used to help guide land-use policy changes. Our results show that the indicators proposed can recognize the dif

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2

Afshar-Mohajer, Nima, and Ayoob Torkian. "Diffuse Emissions of Particles from Iron Ore Piles by Wind Erosion." Environmental Engineering Science 28, no. 5 (2011): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2010.0055.

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3

Pineux, N., B. Michel, X. Legrain, C. L. Bielders, A. Degré, and G. Colinet. "Diachronic soil surveys: A method for quantifying long-term diffuse erosion?" Geoderma Regional 10 (September 2017): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2017.06.001.

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4

Nanney, R. D., D. W. Fryrear, and T. M. Zobeck. "Wind Erosion Prediction and Control." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (1993): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0455.

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Few regions of the United States are entirely safe from wind erosion. Whenever the soil surface is loose and dry with limited crop residue cover, and the wind sufficiently strong, soil erosion will occur. Soil erosion by wind causes diffuse pollution, loss of topsoil, reduced crop production, and damage to both public and private facilities. Factors contributing to the wind erosion process can vary daily. This complex process presents a challenge to the science of wind erosion prediction and control. USDA Agricultural Research Service is developing a new Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) t

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Vašát, R., R. Kodešová, A. Klement, and O. Jakšík. "Predicting oxidizable carbon content via visible- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in soils heavily affected by water erosion." Soil and Water Research 10, No. 2 (2016): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2015-swr.

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6

Conboy, P. J., I. J. M. Johnson, T. Jaspan, and N. S. Jones. "Idiopathic diffuse erosion of the skull base presenting as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 7 (1998): 679–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100141441.

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AbstractWe present an unusual case of generalized erosion of the skull base. We have not found a similar case reported in the world literature. The presenting symptom was spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea which arose from a bony defect associated with herniation of the right temporal lobe into the sphenoid sinus. We discuss the management of such a case including imaging of the skull base and the endoscopic repair of the bony defect.

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7

Cerdan, Olivier, Magalie Delmas, Philippe Négrel, et al. "Contribution of diffuse hillslope erosion to the sediment export of French rivers." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 344, no. 11-12 (2012): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2012.10.011.

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8

Sheley, Roger L., James S. Jacobs, and Michael F. Carpinelli. "Distribution, Biology, and Management of Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea maculosa)." Weed Technology 12, no. 2 (1998): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00043931.

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Diffuse knapweed, a biennial or short-lived perennial, and spotted knapweed, a perennial, are taprooted Eurasian weeds invading rangeland in the western United States and Canada. Knapweed (Centaureaspp.) invasion is associated with reductions in biodiversity, wildlife, and livestock forage, and increased erosion. Spotted knapweed grows to about 1 m and usually has purple flowers, whereas diffuse knapweed is slightly shorter, usually with white flowers. Persistent flower bracts on diffuse knapweed bear a rigid terminal spine about 8 mm long with four or five pairs of shorter lateral spines. Bra

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9

Clark, Heather Lynn, Lijo C. Illipparambil, and Sandhya Khurana. "Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst masquerading as diffuse alveolar haemorrhage." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 7 (2021): e240677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240677.

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Pancreatic pseudocyst formation with extension into the mediastinum is an uncommon complication of pancreatitis that can result in numerous pulmonary and cardiac complications. We present a case of a 56-year-old man with a history of recurrent pancreatitis who presented with haemoptysis. His initial workup was consistent with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage for which he was treated with glucocorticoids. After failure to improve, further imaging demonstrated a complex fluid collection in the mediastinum consistent with extension of his pre-existing pancreatic pseudocyst, leading to erosion into th

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10

Behrendt, H., and A. Bachor. "Point and diffuse load of nutrients to the Baltic Sea by river basins of North East Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 10 (1998): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0396.

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The results of a study on the riverine nutrient emissions and loads of nine river basins of the country Mecklenburg-Vorpommern to the Baltic Sea are presented for the period 1992 to 1994. The basins represent about 76% of the Baltic Sea catchment area of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The population living in the basins causes point emissions of 1752 tN/a and 293 tP/a. The analysis of diffuse emissions of nutrients is based on digitized maps of the land use and the soil types, the livestock numbers in the basins and measurements on the nutrient concentrations in the groundwater and drainage areas. Th

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11

Warkentin, B. P. "Diffuse pollution: lessons from soil conservation policies." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (2001): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0423.

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Diffuse pollution of water from various land uses requires a control approach different from the uniform regulations that were successful for point sources. Local solutions, designed by local watershed councils, are preferred over national directives. Soil erosion control policy, based on voluntary measures coordinated by local conservation districts, provides a guide for improvement of water quality in watersheds. Local planning and action are supplemented by government provision of free technical advice, economic incentives and public education programs. There are no national standards, beca

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12

Jeng, Bennie H. "Relapsing Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis After Laser In Situ KeratomileusisAssociated With Recurrent Erosion Syndrome." Archives of Ophthalmology 122, no. 3 (2004): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.122.3.396.

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13

Cândido, Bernardo M., John N. Quinton, Mike R. James, et al. "High-resolution monitoring of diffuse (sheet or interrill) erosion using structure-from-motion." Geoderma 375 (October 2020): 114477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114477.

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14

Werner, W., and H. P. Wodsak. "The role of non-point nutrient sources in water pollution - present situation, countermeasures, outlook." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (1995): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0270.

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In a recent estimation of the quantitative importance of diffuse and point sources on the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of surface waters in both parts of Germany just before the reunification, the share of the diffuse sources on the total input was found very similar in the case of N (56 and 57%), but different in the case of P (42% in the old FRG and 33% in the former GDR). The diffuse N and P inputs are dominated by the joint pathways ground water/drain water and soil erosion/surface run off, respectively. The reduction of the diffuse pollution potential until 1995 (compared to 1987/89)

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15

Syversen, N. "Effect of a cold-climate buffer zone on minimising diffuse pollution from agriculture." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 9 (2002): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0207.

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Vegetative buffer zones adjacent to streams can filter diffuse pollution from agriculture. Under Nordic climatic conditions, major runoff from agriculture occurs during winter and especially during snowmelt. Field experiments documenting runoff and retention processes in buffer zones during winter conditions are essential. Agricultural runoff and buffer zone retention of nutrients and particles during winter and summer are compared. The study is based upon 8 years of data collected from 5 to 10 m wide buffer zones compared to plots without buffer zones. Volume proportional samples were collect

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16

Novotny, Vladimir. "Diffuse pollution from agriculture - a worldwide outlook." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (1999): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0124.

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Until the 1950s most farming was carried out on smaller family farms that used organic fertilizers and essentially their waste production was easily assimilated by soils and receiving water bodies. The period post 1950 has seen a worldwide shift to larger monocultural, intensively operated farm units. The farm yields have increased dramatically, however, to sustain the increasing yields and productivity farms are using large quantities of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. At the same time, deforestation has occurred on a large scale since the 1950s and the deforested land has been converted

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17

Vagstad, N., P. Stålnacke, H. E. Andersen, et al. "Regional variations in diffuse nitrogen losses from agriculture in the Nordic and Baltic regions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 4 (2004): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-651-2004.

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Abstract. This paper describes nitrogen losses from, and the characteristics of, 35 selected catchments (12 to 2000 ha) in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Average annual losses of N in 1994–1997 ranged from 5 to 75 kg ha-1, generally highest and characterised by significant within-country and interannual variations, in Norway and the lowest losses were observed in the Baltic countries. An important finding of the study is that the average nutrient losses varied greatly among the studied catchments. The main explanations for this variability were water runoff, fertiliser use (especially the am

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18

Zainal Abidin, Siti Salwa, Thean Yean Kew, Mawaddah Azman, and Marina Mat Baki. "Pseudomonas laryngeal perichondritis: unexpected diagnosis." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 12 (2020): e237129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237129.

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A 57-year-old male chronic smoker with underlying diabetes mellitus presented with dysphonia associated with cough, dysphagia and reduced effort tolerance of 3 months’ duration. Videoendoscope finding revealed bilateral polypoidal and erythematous true and false vocal fold with small glottic airway. The patient was initially treated as having tuberculous laryngitis and started on antituberculous drug. However, no improvement was observed. CT of the neck showed erosion of thyroid cartilage, which points to laryngeal carcinoma as a differential diagnosis. However, the erosion was more diffuse an

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19

Mohaupt, V., U. Sieber, J. van den Roovaart, C. G. Verstappen, F. Langenfeld, and M. Braun. "Diffuse sources of heavy metals in the Rhine basin." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (2001): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0385.

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An estimate of diffuse sources of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni) in the Rhine catchment stressed the urban storm water discharges in the German part and drainage flow in the Dutch part as the most important pathways. Additional sources are erosion and, to a far lesser extent, atmospheric deposition on open water areas. All other pathways were of minor importance. Meanwhile, after reduction of the point sources by between 72-95%, the diffuse sources dominate the total emissions. For several metals the anthropogenic diffuse sources amounted to 40-80%, the point sources to 15-40% and t

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20

GOMES, Alexandre, Thelma Larocca SKARE, Manoel Alberto PRESTES, Maiza da Silva COSTA, Roberta Dombroski Petisco, and Gabriela Piovezani RAMOS. "CONVENTIONAL VIDEOENDOSCOPY CAN IDENTIFY HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS?" ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 29, no. 2 (2016): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720201600020002.

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ABSTRACT Background: Studies with latest technologies such as endoscopy with magnification and chromoendoscopy showed that various endoscopic aspects are clearly related to infection by Helicobacter pylori (HP). The description of different patterns of erythema in gastric body under magnification of images revived interest in identifying these patterns by standard endoscopy. Aim: To validate the morphologic features of gastric mucosa related to H. pylori infection gastritis allowing predictability of their diagnosis as well as proper targeting biopsies. Methods: Prospective study of 339 consec

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21

Asano-Kato, Naoko, Ikuko Toda, and Kazuo Tsubota. "Severe late-onset recurrent epithelial erosion with diffuse lamellar keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 29, no. 10 (2003): 2019–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(03)00228-1.

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22

Schellekens, H., and M. B. Schulman. "Contact temperature and erosion in high-current diffuse vacuum arcs on axial magnetic field contacts." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 29, no. 3 (2001): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.928943.

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23

Tetzlaff, B., P. Kreins, R. Kunkel, and F. Wendland. "Area-differentiated modelling of P-fluxes in heterogeneous macroscale river basins." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 3 (2007): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.080.

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A model (MEPhos) for the calculation of the total phosphorus output from diffuse sources by drainage, wash-off, groundwater outflow, soil erosion and rainwater sewers as well as from point sources is presented. The model is based on a pathway- and area-differentiated emissions approach and calculates mean long-term P-inputs to surface waters. Phosphotopes are used for spatial discretization and modelling of diffuse P-inputs. Based on the modelling results “hot spots” for high P-loads can be localized and a management option for the input reduction to surface waters can be proposed which are ad

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24

Tonmanee, N., and N. Kanchanakool. "Agricultural diffuse pollution in Thailand." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (1999): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0137.

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Over the past two decades there have been a number of changes in Thailand, changes in the environment and quality of life for its people, changes in its communities and in the foundations of its economy. Before 1970, Thailand was a rural society in which local communities depended on the natural resources which surrounded them, and the national economy relied on the export of native crops. The sustainable use of resources was a fundamental aspect of rural life, people understood the interrelationships between the different components of their local environment and their activities which were d

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25

Kim, Bong Hwan, Sangh Wan Lee, and Sang Mok Lee. "Formation Behavior of Intermetallic Layer on Die Material in Casting Al-Si Alloy with the Variation of Fe Content." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1735.

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This study aims to investigate the formation behavior of intermetallic phases on casting mold die and its effect on erosion tendency in molten Al-Si alloy with the variation of Fe content. For these purposes, dipping tests of die material into molten Al-Si alloys with 0.98 and 1.33wt%Fe were carried out as a function of dipping time. Three kinds of intermetallic phases, α-AlFeSi, β-AlFeSi and θ-AlFe, were found to form on the interface between die and molten alloy in sequence, as iron and aluminum solutes diffuse into the molten alloy and die steel, respectively. It was discussed that the eros

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Bronikowski, Michael J., and Melissa King. "Rhenium and Molybdenum as Diffusion Inhibitors in Catalytic Metal Particles for growth of Ultra-Long Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)." MRS Advances 5, no. 31-32 (2020): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.162.

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ABSTRACTBulk production by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of ultra-long Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with lengths greater than several centimeters is desirable for materials applications, but is not presently feasible. A principal reason for this limitation is cessation of CNT growth due to erosion of the nano-sized catalyst particles from which the CNTs nucleate and grow: at elevated CVD growth temperatures, atoms of catalytic metal detach and diffuse away from the particles, resulting in erosion and eventual deactivation of the particles. Recently, a novel idea was introduced to slow this diffus

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27

Vilela, Vagner Moysés, Hélder de Castro Marques, Rodolfo Elias Diniz da Silva Carvalho, Erika Zavelinske, André Geraldo da Silva Duque, and Bruno Landim Dutra. "Cavernous sinus syndrome due to rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis." Radiologia Brasileira 46, no. 3 (2013): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-39842013000300016.

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The present report describes the case of a 43-year-old diabetic patient with facial pain, protruding eyes, nasal congestion and decreased right vision (involvement of the ipsilateral cranial nerves III, IV and V). Computed tomography showed diffuse sinusitis at right, cribriform plate erosion and presence of a hypodense collection in the frontal lobe with peripheral enhancement. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a cerebral abscess. Samples were collected from the lesion, confirming hyphae compatible with mucormycosis.

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Goebel, Joel A., Peter G. Smith, John L. Kemink, and Malcolm D. Graham. "Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Temporal Bone Mimicking Paragangliomas: Radiographic and Clinical Recognition." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 96, no. 3 (1987): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988709600302.

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Three cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the temporal bone which simulated a glomus jugulare tumor (on the basis of a thorough preoperative evaluation) are detailed. In each case, a vascular mass was seen beneath an intact tympanic membrane and angiography revealed the presence of a highly vascular mass centered on the jugular bulb. Computed tomography revealed erosive changes within the jugular fossa that were characteristic of a glomus jugulare tumor; in two cases, a significant posterior fossa extension was documented. The intraoperative findings failed to suggest a lesion different from pa

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29

Angheloiu, George O., Joseph T. Arendt, Markus G. Müller, et al. "Intrinsic Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Identify Superficial Foam Cells in Coronary Plaques Prone to Erosion." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 26, no. 7 (2006): 1594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.0000225699.36212.23.

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30

Allen, Christopher A., W. Nicholas G. Hitchon, Steven C. Aceto, et al. "Erosion rates of diffuse and constricted magnetron discharges in helium over aluminium, gallium, molybdenum, and tantalum." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 52, no. 43 (2019): 435203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab33e1.

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31

von Sperling, E., and A. D. Souza. "Long-term monitoring and proposed diffuse pollution control of a tropical reservoir." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 3 (2007): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.084.

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This paper presents the results of 30 years of water quality monitoring in a tropical water supply reservoir (Vargem das Flores, Brazil). This water body is subjected to eutrophication problems caused by point sources (discharge of untreated sewage) and diffuse pollution (agricultural use in the drainage basin). Emphasis is given here on the estimation of nutrient loads and on the study of the N/P ratio in the water body. In spite of the prevalence of high N/P values, there is a clear trend in the dominance of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton, which contradicts results from research in tempe

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32

Gapienko, P. E. "Semantic diffuseness in Art History terminology." Professional Discourse & Communication 2, no. 4 (2020): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2020-2-4-43-62.

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The aim of the research is to determine the degree of influence of semantic diffuseness on the strength of the Art History terminology system. This paper examines topical issues of Art History. At the moment, the development of diffuseness of Art History terms can lead to the erosion of the Art History terminology system’s borders and even to the loss of the scholarly style of the language of the entire discipline. In this study, the following linguistic methods are used: semantic analysis, definitional analysis, contextual analysis, as well as elements of semasiological and cognitive analysis

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33

Collins, Adrian L., Steven G. Anthony, Julia Hawley, and Tony Turner. "Predicting potential change in agricultural sediment inputs to rivers across England and Wales by 2015." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 7 (2009): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08033.

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Recent work has evaluated the gap between current and compliant suspended sediment losses due to farming across England and Wales and the potential for change by 2015. The study adopted the guideline annual average sediment threshold of 25 mg L–1 cited by the European Union Freshwater Fish Directive. Compliance testing required national scale sediment source apportionment to assess the current contributions of diffuse agricultural and urban sector losses, channel bank erosion and point source discharges to the total suspended sediment loads delivered to all rivers. Results suggested that the a

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34

Kongpolprom, Napplika. "Tracheal Perforation following Chemotherapy of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma." Case Reports in Acute Medicine 1, no. 1-3 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000491829.

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Tracheal perforation is a rare and life-threatening complication following the treatment of lymphoma. There are only a few published cases of tracheal disruption from invasive lymphoma, and most of the patients did not survive. Tumor erosion and nodal necrosis from rapid tumor growth or chemotherapeutic response can cause tracheal disruption. We report here a case of tracheal perforation after chemotherapy of lymphoma. A 69-year-old Thai man presented with upper airway obstruction from a large neck mass encasing and invading the trachea. The patient was intubated to bypass the tracheal obstruc

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Yasinskiy, S. V., E. V. Venitsianov, and I. A. Vishnevskaya. "Diffuse pollution of waterbodies and assessment of nutrient removal under diff erent land-use scenarios in a catchment area." Водные ресурсы 46, no. 2 (2019): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321-0596462232-244.

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The concept of the process of diffuse pollution of waterbodies of various dimensions is presented. The algorithm for calculating the average annual volume of removal and migration of the main nutrients—nitrogen and phosphorus—from the catchment into the ravine and river network of a small river is demonstrated. The results of simulating the characteristics of the spring runoff, soil erosion, and removal of nutrients from the catchment area into the Istra River (Russia) with hypothetical changes in its landscape structure under the influence of urbanization and reforestation are developed throu

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Lipscomb, T. P., R. K. Harris, R. B. Moeller, J. M. Pletcher, R. J. Haebler, and B. E. Ballachey. "Histopathologic Lesions in Sea Otters Exposed to Crude Oil." Veterinary Pathology 30, no. 1 (1993): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101.

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Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, sea otters ( Enhydra lutris) that appeared to be contaminated with oil, that were in danger of becoming contaminated, or that were behaving abnormally were captured and taken to rehabilitation centers. Exposure to oil was assessed by visual examination when otters arrived at the centers. Degree of oil exposure was graded according to the following criteria: oil covering greater than 60% of the body—heavily contaminated; oil covering 30–60% of the body—moderately contaminated; oil covering less than 30% of the body or light s

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Puchkarev, V. F., and S. M. Chesnokov. "Erosion rate and voltage distribution in contracted (with cathode spot) and diffuse (spotless) low-current vacuum arcs." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 25, no. 12 (1992): 1760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/25/12/011.

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38

Pineux, N., J. Lisein, G. Swerts, et al. "Can DEM time series produced by UAV be used to quantify diffuse erosion in an agricultural watershed?" Geomorphology 280 (March 2017): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.12.003.

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Scherer, U., S. Fuchs, H. Behrendt, and T. Hillenbrand. "Emissions of heavy metals into river basins of Germany." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (2003): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0696.

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The input of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) into the large river basins of Germany via various point and diffuse pathways were estimated for the period of 1985 through 2000. To quantify the emissions via point sources a nationwide survey on heavy metal data of municipal wastewater treatment plants and industrial direct discharges was carried out. The input via diffuse pathways was calculated using an adapted version of the model MONERIS. This model accounts for the significant transport processes, and it includes a Geographical Information System (GIS) that provides digital

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40

Tetzlaff, B., and F. Wendland. "P-pollution in a heavily urbanized river basin from point and diffuse sources: the River Ruhr case study (Germany)." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (2007): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.433.

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An area-differentiated model approach (MEPhos) for the quantification of mean annual P-inputs from point and diffuse sources is presented. The following pathways are considered: artificial drainage, wash-off, groundwater outflow, soil erosion, rainwater sewers, combined sewer overflows, municipal waste water treatment plants and industrial effluents. Based on the modelling results “hot spots” for high P-loads can be localized and management option for the input reduction to surface waters proposed. The model is applied to the River Ruhr basin (4,485 km2) in Germany with contrasting natural con

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Kovacs, A. "Comparative study of two watershed scale models to calculate diffuse phosphorus pollution." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (2006): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.062.

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The aim of this study was to compare and assess models having different principles to calculate diffuse phosphorus emissions on a selected watershed. The empirical MONERIS model and the physically based SWAT model were evaluated for comparative purposes. The approaches were applied for a sub-basin of the Hungarian Zala River watershed for five years. The calculated river loads were checked by the measured values at the catchment outlet. Due to the dissimilar results of water balance and erosion calculations, a highly different phosphorus emission was computed. It was also concluded that in the

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Wang, Siyuan, Xiaobo Feng, Ping Liu, Youxiu Wei, and Baojun Xiao. "Blending of PLGA-PEG-PLGA for Improving the Erosion and Drug Release Profile of PCL Microspheres." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 11 (2020): 1079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200101104116.

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Background: PCL has a long history as an industrialized biomaterial for preparing microspheres, but its hydrophobic property and slow degradation rate often cause drug degeneration, quite slow drug release rate and undesirable tri-phasic release profile. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used the blending material of PLGA-PEG-PLGA and PCL to prepare microspheres. The microspheres degradation and drug release behaviors were evaluated through their molecular weight reduction rate, mass loss rate, morphology erosion and drug release profile. The hydrophilic PLGA-PEG-PLGA is expected to imp

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Giere, S., T. Heinz, A. Lawall, C. Stiehler, E. D. Taylor, and S. Wethekam. "Control of Diffuse Vacuum Arc Using Axial Magnetic Fields in Commercial High Voltage Switchgear." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 1 (2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2019.1.19.

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During the development of a commercial vacuum interrupter for application in HV (high voltage) switchgear at a rated voltage of 145kV, we investigated the behavior of vacuum arcs controlled by axial magnetic fields (AMF). AMF arc control is already extensively used in medium voltage (1-52kV) applications, the key difference is the 2-3 times larger contact gap and the corresponding reduction of the AMF strength for HV applications. We conducted several stress tests with short circuit currents up to 40kA, thus not only testing the interrupting capability, but also the electrical endurance of suc

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Carro, Marco Mijangos, Jorge Izurieta Dávila, Antonieta Gómez Balandra, et al. "Importance of diffuse pollution control in the Patzcuaro Lake Basin in Mexico." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 11 (2008): 2179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.820.

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In the catchment area of the Lake Patzcuaro in Central Mexico (933 km2) the apportionments of erosion, sediment, nutrients and pathogen coming from thirteen micro basins were estimated with the purpose of identifying critical areas in which best management practices need to be implemented in order to reduce their contribution to the lake pollution and eutrophication. The ArcView Generalized Watershed Loading Functions model (AV-GWLF) was applied to estimate the loads and sources of nutrients. The main results show that the total annual contribution of nitrogen from point sources were 491 tons

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Deasy, C., and J. N. Quinton. "Use of rare earth oxides as tracers to identify sediment source areas for agricultural hillslopes." Solid Earth Discussions 2, no. 2 (2010): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-2-195-2010.

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Abstract. Understanding sediment sources is essential to enable more effective targeting of in-field mitigation approaches to reduce diffuse pollution from agricultural land. In this paper we report on the application of rare earth element oxides to arable soils at hillslope scale in order to determine sediment source areas and their relative importance, using a non-intrusive method of surface spraying. Runoff, sediments and rare earth elements lost from four arable hillslope lengths at a site in the UK with clay soils were monitored from three rainfall events after tracer application. Measure

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Deasy, C., and J. N. Quinton. "Use of rare earth oxides as tracers to identify sediment source areas for agricultural hillslopes." Solid Earth 1, no. 1 (2010): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-1-111-2010.

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Abstract. Understanding sediment sources is essential to enable more effective targeting of in-field mitigation approaches to reduce diffuse pollution from agricultural land. In this paper we report on the application of rare earth element oxides to arable soils at hillslope scale in order to determine sediment source areas and their relative importance, using a non-intrusive method of surface spraying. Runoff, sediments and rare earth elements lost from four arable hillslope lengths at a site in the UK with clay soils were monitored from three rainfall events after tracer application. Measure

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Rodríguez Sousa, Antonio Alberto, Carlos Parra-López, Samir Sayadi-Gmada, Jesús M. Barandica, and Alejandro J. Rescia. "Impacts of Erosion on the Sustainability of Organic Olive Groves: A Case Study (Estepa Region, Southwestern Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147983.

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Spain has more than 2.5 M ha of olive groves, with 60% of this area (i.e., 1.5 M ha) concentrated in the region of Andalusia (Southern Spain). Assuming the socio-ecological characteristics of these crops, of which their contribution to ecosystemic services (ES) is fundamental for society, it is highly relevant to direct their management towards practices that guarantee their durability. Organic management of olive groves constitutes a multifunctional model that contributes to ensuring its sustainability and represents 2.4–3.5% of the olive grove area in Spain. Taking the Protected Designation

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Konečná, Jana, Petr Karásek, Hana Beitlerová, et al. "Using WaTEM/SEDEM and HEC-HMS models for the simulation of episodic hydrological and erosion events in a small agricultural catchment." Soil and Water Research 15, No. 1 (2019): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/202/2018-swr.

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A careful analysis of rainfall-runoff events and patterns of sediment and pollution load to water bodies is crucial for the proper management of agricultural land. This study simultaneously employed the WaTEM/SEDEM long-term erosion model and the HEC-HMS episodic hydrological and erosion model to describe the runoff and sediment load evoked by extreme rainfall events in a small agricultural catchment in Czechia, using the long-term monitoring discharge and water quality episodic data. WaTEM/SEDEM helped to delineate the runoff and sediment critical source areas, subsequently incorporated into

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Lim, Huei-Wen, Benny Yiu Wong, David Elkowitz, and Keith Sultan. "An elderly patient’s complete response to steroid therapy for collagenous gastritis." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 9, no. 8 (2018): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2040622318759628.

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An 85-year-old woman presented with 9.1 kg (20 lb) weight loss over 5 months and an acute onset crampy abdominal pain. Examination revealed a diffusely tender abdomen, with gastric wall thickening noted on CT scan. Upper endoscopy showed diffuse severe erythema and friability. Histologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed collagenous gastritis characterized by active chronic inflammation with sub-epithelial collagen deposition and erosion. The patient was started on steroid therapy with rapid clinical improvement and tapered off over 2.5 months. At 6 months, the patient r

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Žáková, Z., D. Beránková, E. Kocková, and P. Kríž. "Influence of Diffuse Pollution on the Eutrophication and Water Quality of Reservoirs in the Morava River Basin." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (1993): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0406.

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Diffuse (nonpoint) pollution from the river basin is responsible for a substantial part of Czech reservoirs' deterioration caused by eutrophication and water pollution. The research results of two model drinking water supply reservoirs (different area and depth) in the Morava river basin showed that the main nutrient sources in the period 1960-1991 were: agricultural land use (overland and subsurface transport of nutrients, effects of drainage and erosion), point sources (urban activities, agricultural farms) and atmospheric depositions of N and P compounds. The accelerated eutrophication was

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