Academic literature on the topic 'Érosion éolienne'
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Journal articles on the topic "Érosion éolienne"
Salomon, Jean-Noël. "Le sultanat d’Oman : un territoire d’exception pour l’étude de la tectonique des plaques et la géomorphologie." Cadernos de Geografia, no. 43 (June 30, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0871-1623_43_3.
Full textRezig, Ahmida, Ahmed Yousfi, Sylvain Fréour, Frédéric Jacquemin, and Samuel Branchu. "Nouvelle méthode de maintenance CBM pour améliorer la durée de vie des pales d’éoliennes implantées dans les zones arides." MATEC Web of Conferences 261 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926101001.
Full textRajot, Jean-Louis, Harouna Karambiri, Olivier Ribolzi, Olivier Planchon, and Jean-Pierre Thiebaux. "Interaction entre érosions hydrique et éolienne sur sols sableux pâturés au Sahel : cas du bassin-versant de Katchari au nord du Burkina Faso." Sécheresse 20, no. 1 (January 2009): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/sec.2009.0171.
Full textDeschodt, Laurent. "The contribution of archaeological operations to the knowledge of the regional Pleistocene: the example of the valley bottoms of the French catchment of the Scheldt river." Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, no. 22 (December 1, 2015): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/asgn.1032.
Full textDescamps, Isabelle, Jean-Luc Harion, and Bernard Baudoin. "Influence d’une répartition granulométrique large de particules sur les sources d’émissions diffuses par érosion éolienne." Pollution atmosphérique, N°187 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/pollution-atmospherique.1571.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Érosion éolienne"
Badr, Thérèse. "Quantification des émissions atmosphériques diffuses produites par érosion éolienne." Valenciennes, 2007. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/84e60e29-6b31-4942-adc6-855aba62b0fb.
Full textThe environmental impacts as well as the economical problems and regulation constraints related to wind erosion motivate current efforts to model and quantify erosion. The nature of the underlying processes makes quantification of fugitive dust emissions a very demanding exercise that is still subject to active research. Certain aspects were not fully apprehended, others require further development. These include the influence of the wide size distribution of granular materials and the sensitivity of the stockpiles’ wind exposure on industrial sites to various parameters, such as the geometry of the pile and its location as well as the wind conditions. The objective of this work is to improve the accuracy of fugitive dust emissions estimations, by creating precise and detailed databases for existing models. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were developed and validated in order to investigate the sensitivity of the mean flow structure to varying stockpile geometries and wind conditions. A second local approach was also applied, which aims to study flow characteristics and the evolution of the friction velocity at the wall in the presence of non-erodible elements for various configurations and roughness densities. The numerical data can be used in order to improve the current models’ accuracy and performance
Descamps, Isabelle. "Érosion éolienne d'un lit de particules à large spectre granulométrique." Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/44494702-5d08-4012-8430-5783e7c50c30.
Full textThis research deals with diffuse dust emissions on steelwork sites. It aims to estimate more accurately dust emissions due to wind erosion of exposed aggregate storage piles. Previous studies have shown the importance of the surface material's characteristics on aerodynamic entrainment. Only few recent experimental investigations focused on multiple grain-sized bed. They show that coarser particles at the bed's surface induces a temporal decrease in the emitted mass flux. In the present study, a stochastic wind erosion model, which takes into account a wide size distribution of materials, has been developed. It is based on the interaction between particles take-off and turbulent coherent structures. It allows to predict a temporal decrease in emitted mass flux from a multiple grain-size bed exposed to a turbulent flow. The rate of this decrease depends on the flow velocity and the characteristics of the particles. Numerical results were compared to experimental datas for adjustments
Sow, Mamadou. "Mesure, caractérisation et paramétrisation des flux d’aérosols terrigènes produits par érosion éolienne en zone sahélienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0056/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to link quantitatively the characteristics (intensity and sizedistribution) of the flux of fine mineral particles produced by wind-erosion in a Sahelian zone with the aerodynamic conditions prevailing during the erosion events. Achieving this goal is a prerequisite for quantifying accurately 1) the transfer of soil nutrients (N, P, Fe…) from the source areas to the deposition zones located downwind, and 2) the impact on climate of air-suspended mineral particles which are able to scatter and absorb solar and terrestrial radiation. An important part of this work has been dedicated to the collection of experimental data during the 2006 and 2007 summer campaigns of the « Analyse Multidisciplinaire de la Mousson Africaine » (AMMA) experiment. Measurements were carried out at Banizoumbou (60km east of Niamey, Niger) on a sandy agricultural field representative of the Sahelian wind erodible surfaces. After describing the original experimental set-up and associated methodology, a complete study of all the types of events monitored during the field campaigns is made. Very few transport cases accompanied by significant deposition were observed (only two over the whole measuring period), but many erosion cases were recorded. The latter could result either from the temporal strengthening of the south western monsoon winds prevailing in this season (‘monsoon events’) or to the passage of convective systems accompanied by strong surface winds and often followed by rain (‘convective events’). After rigorous cross examination of the quality of the data set 2 events of the monsoon type and one of the convective type are retained for the rest of the study. In good agreement with previous wind tunnel experiments, comparing the size distributions measured during the events confirms that the emission flux is richer in very fine particles during the energetic convective event than during the less violent monsoon ones. Then, these results are compared with the predictions of the Dust Production Model (DPM) based on the previous wind-tunnel studies. It is found that the DPM is able to simulate correctly the intensity of the emission mass flux provided adequate values are selected for the binding energies of the fine particle populations identified in the laboratory experiments. However, a more detailed analysis of the size-resolved fluxes reveals that the DPM tends to overestimate the production of particles larger than 10µm and underestimate the flux of particles with sizes between 2 and 8µm. This leads us to propose a new parameterization based on a detailed study of the 3 events selected previously. This parameterization allows prediction of the changes in emission flux intensity and sizedistribution with aerodynamic conditions. In a final step, the parameterization is tested successfully on an independent erosion event
Alfaro, Stéphane. "Simulation expérimentale et modélisation de la production d'aérosol minéral par érosion éolienne." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120065.
Full textChomette, Olivier. "Modélisation et analyse méso-échelle du cycle de l'aérosol désertique : aspects radiatifs et dynamiques." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-347.pdf.
Full textFoucaut, Jean-Marc. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des phénomènes d'envol et de saltation de particules dans une couche limite turbulente." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10132.
Full textAmory, Charles. "Érosion éolienne et rugosité de la surface neigeuse en Terre Adélie : observations et approche numérique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU007/document.
Full textThe Antarctic ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB; the result of the balance between accumulation and ablation terms) has a direct influence on variations in the global mean sea level. In the context of climate change, atmospheric models are needed to improve its current and future estimation.Intense surface winds over the coastal slopes of East Antarctica are responsible for aerodynamic entrainment of snow at the surface, which has a significant influence on the BMS. Transport of snow by the wind also produces aeolian erosion features aligned parallel to the prevailing winds at the time of their formation. The spatial distribution of these features is a major determinant of surface roughness. On the other hand, surface roughness is an obstacle to flow and directly affects the surface wind field and, by extension, aeolian snow transport.The work presented here is based on observations and numerical modeling of aeolian snow erosion in a coastal stretch of Adélie Land, East Antarctica. First, the regional atmospheric model MAR, which includes a detailed representation of aeolian transport processes, was run at a spatial resolution of 5 km over a zone including Adélie Land and model results were compared with meteorological observations made over one month in summer, including continuous measurements of the wind and the aeolian snow mass flux. Aeolian snow mass fluxes modeled by MAR were highly sensitive to parameterization of surface roughness, and a single calibration of this parameter was not enough to simulate the surface wind field at two measurement points located only 100 km apart with the same accuracy. Consequently, roughness-erosion interactions were analyzed at the scale of individual aeolian erosion events using observations. The results of this analysis underlined that (i) the barrier effect generated by aeolian erosion features had an inhibiting impact on the aeolian snow mass flux and (ii) that the barrier effect can be strongly reduced by the ability of aeolian erosion features to realign with the dominant wind during a transport event. Examination of observations made over a period of one year revealed that this adjustment process is prone to temporal variations mainly linked to past temperatures. Finally, we showed that reconfiguring the model, including introducing temperature dependence in the parameterization of surface roughness considerably improved the representation of aeolian snow mass fluxes by the MAR model for the year concerned. These results suggest that spatial and temporal distribution of surface roughness should be included in atmospheric models for realistic simulations of aeolian snow transport over Antarctica
Ferreira, Maria Clara Schuwartz. "Influence de particules non-érodables dans le processus d'érosion éolienne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S012/document.
Full textWind erosion process can lead to several environmental consequences: desertification, land degradation, air pollution, etc. This last one is related to particulate matter emissions from granular materials commonly found on industrial sites, such as ore and coal. The particle size distribution of these granular materials usually consist of a mixture of a wide range of diameters, which include larger particles that are non-erodible even with strong gusts of wind. The non-erodible particles play a protective role for erodible particles, paving the surface and reducing emissions. The main objective of this thesis is to estimate more accurately emissions due to wind erosion considering the influence of the pavement caused by non-erodible particles. An analytical model was proposed to quantify emissions from particle beds and stockpiles with a wide size distribution. The effects of pavement process are incorporated in the model through the decrease of the mean friction velocity on the erodible surface as the non-erodible particles accumulate. Previous works have defined a mathematical relation between the evolution of the friction velocity over the erodible surface and the geometry of the roughness elements. Nonetheless, the formulation was only valid to limited cover rates of non-erodible particles. Numerical simulations were carried out in this work to extend the formulation in order to include other cases encountered in real situations (with larger amounts of non-erodible particles). The proposed emission model describes the relationship between the minimum value of friction velocity (at which emissions cease), taking advantage of the numerical findings, and the final eroded depth of the bed, which in turn, provides the emitted mass. Wind tunnel experiments were carried out in order to better understand the pavement phenomenon and estimate emissions from a bed of particles containing a bimodal size distribution. The experimental results were also used to validate the modeling, including the global emitted mass and the final characteristics of the bed surface. A good agreement was found between experimental and modeled results for the global emissions and the bed eroded depth. The erosion model was extended for application in stockpiles. In this case, the erodibility of the particles is more complex as the friction velocity and the threshold conditions are not spatially homogeneous. The idea of the model was to subdivide the pile in isosurfaces in which the threshold conditions and the friction velocity are constant and then treat each one of these areas as a different source where the emission model can be applied. Wind tunnel experiments were carried out in order to estimate emissions from a sand pile containing a bimodal size distribution. The modeled and the experimental results were compared for the configuration of an isolated stockpile and a good agreement was found between the estimated and the measured emitted mass. The impact of the presence of a building and a successive parallel stockpiles on the overall particles emission was also evaluated. Wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations were carried out for several configurations evaluating the effects of: (i) main wind flow orientation, (ii) wind flow velocity, (iii) gap between the obstacle and (iv) amount of non-erodible particles. It was found that the flow interferences between the obstacles increase emissions. Therefore, all wind perturbations have a significant impact and have to be accounted in dust emission estimation and modeling
O processo de erosão eólica pode levar a várias consequências ambientais: desertificação, degradação da terra, poluição do ar, etc. Esta última está relacionada com as emissões de partículas provenientes de materiais granulares comumente encontrados em indústrias, como minério e carvão. A distribuição granulométrica destes materiais normalmente consiste em uma mistura com uma ampla gama de tamanhos, incluindo partículas maiores que não são erodíveis mesmo com fortes rajadas de vento. As partículas não erodíveis desempenham um papel protetor para as partículas erodíveis, pavimentando a superfície e reduzindo as emissões. O objetivo principal desta tese é estimar com maior acurácia as emissões devidas à erosão eólica considerando a influência da pavimentação causada pelas partículas não-erodíveis. Um modelo analítico foi proposto para quantificar as emissões de leitos de partículas e pilhas com ampla distribuição granulométrica. Os efeitos do processo da pavimentação são incorporados no modelo por meio da diminuição da velocidade de fricção média na superfície erodível à medida que as partículas nãoerodíveis se acumulam. Trabalhos anteriores definiram uma relação matemática entre a evolução da velocidade de fricção na superfície erodível e a geometria dos elementos rugosos. No entanto, a formulação é válida apenas para limitadas taxas de cobertura de partículas não-erodíveis (< 12%). Simulações numéricas foram realizadas neste trabalho para estender a formulação de modo a incluir outros casos encontrados em situações reais (com maiores quantidades de partículas nãoerodíveis). O modelo de emissão proposto descreve a relação entre o valor mínimo da velocidade de fricção (para qual as emissões cessam), utilizando os resultados numéricos, e a profundidade final erodida do leito, que, por sua vez, fornece a massa emitida. Experimentos em túnel de vento foram realizados para melhor compreender o fenômeno da pavimentação e estimar as emissões de um leito de partículas contendo uma distribuição granulométrica bimodal. Os resultados experimentais foram também utilizados para validar a modelagem, incluindo a massa global emitida e as características finais da superfície do leito. Uma boa concordância foi encontrada entre os resultados experimentais e modelados para as emissões globais e a profundidade erodida do leito. O modelo de erosão foi estendido para aplicação em pilhas de estocagem. Neste caso, a erodibilidade das partículas é mais complexa, uma vez que a velocidade de fricção e as condições de limiar não são espacialmente homogêneas. A ideia do modelo é subdividir a pilha em isosuperfícies em que as condições de limiar e a velocidade de fricção são constantes e, em seguida, tratar cada uma dessas áreas como uma fonte diferente onde o modelo de emissão pode ser aplicado. Foram realizados ensaios experimentais em túnel de vento para estimar as emissões de uma pilha de areia contendo uma distribuição de tamanho bimodal. Os resultados experimentais e modelados foram comparados para a configuração de uma pilha isolada (orientada 60 e 90° em relação a direção do escoamento) e uma boa concordância foi encontrada entre a massa estimada e a emitida. O impacto na emissão da presença de um edifício e de uma pilha de estocagem sucessiva também foi avaliado. Experimentos em túnel de vento e simulações numéricas foram realizados para várias configurações avaliando os efeitos de: (i) orientação do vento, (ii) velocidade do vento, (iii) espaçamento entre os obstáculos e (iv) quantidade de partículas não erodíveis. Verificou-se que as interferências do escoamento entre os obstáculos aumentam as emissões. Portanto, todas as perturbações no escoamento têm um impacto significativo e devem ser contabilizadas na estimativa e modelagem de emissões de partículas
Kardous, Mouldi. "Quantification de l'érosion éolienne dans les zones arides tunisiennes : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002281750204611&vid=upec.
Full textIn Tunisia, only modelling the horizontal fluxes can allow to quantify aeolian erosion. The model developed in LISA reproduces satisfyingly the erosion fluxes in hyper-arid deserts but complementary parameterizations are needed when applied to arid areas, especially to account for tilled surfaces. The effects of the tillage have been parameterized by performing wind tunnel experiments. A predictive relation for horizontal fluxes depending only on the geometric characteristics of ridges has been developed and validated for tilled surfaces. Experiments on two parcels tilled with differnet tools have also been performed. They confirm the results obtained in wind tunnel and point out that tillage generate erosion problem only for areas previously protected again erosion. These experiments have also allow to validate in situ the new parameterizations
Fall, Ousmane. "L'érosion éolienne dans le bassin arachidier du Sénégal : déclenchement, mécanismes et réactions." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIML004.
Full textBooks on the topic "Érosion éolienne"
Babeux, Patrice. Renaturalisation des surfaces décapées au voisinage des habitations dans le village nordique de Kuujjuaq. Ottawa, Ont: Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Érosion éolienne"
"Sols : érosion hydrique et éolienne." In Compendium des indicateurs agro-environnementaux de l'OCDE, 105–12. OECD, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264181243-9-fr.
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