Relevant bibliographies by topics / Error in leveling

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Error in leveling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Error in leveling"

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Li, Shuailin, Yi Zhou, Deming Ou, and Wen Wang. "Research on Electromechanical Four-Point Leveling Control System Based on MPC." Frontiers of Mechatronical Engineering 2, no. 1 (May 28, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/fme.v2i1.840.

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<p>Multi-supporting leveling platform was wildly applied in areas of normal or military industry. To complete some frocking targets, it usually requires good performance of levelness and short time adjustment. It is very meaningful to enhance the automatic level of leveling platform by mining adaptive controlling algorithm which satisfied the levelling error and used shorter time. In this paper, four-point supporting electromechanical leveling system was set as the object to study. By analyzing the leveling characteristic of the system, appropriate leveling strategies were put forward. The simulation result of the system, whose model was built based on MPC, show that this way achieves good auto leveling performance.</p>
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Chen, Shao-Hsien, and Chi-Li Ji. "Level Detection Equipment for Measuring the Influence of Different Leveling Accuracies on Linear Error." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 4, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5576999.

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This study developed a level detection equipment which is used in computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool to determine the impact of leveling accuracy on rectilinear motion accuracy. When the CNC precision machine tool has accuracy deterioration under external load or internal stress, mainly caused error is leveling error, this research and development equipment can immediate to analyze and measurement. The allowable error of leveling accuracy can be obtained after experimental validation. The kinematic error relatively increases with leveling error. When the leveling accuracy is within the allowable error, the kinematic error relatively decreases. The main kinematic error items measured in this study include EXX, EBY, EAX, and EYY. The level detection equipment is developed in this study, and the fuzzy regression analysis is used for modeling. The model that has high accuracy in the test of the X -axis is R 2 = 0.9764 and P = 0.0506 , and Y -axis is R 2 = 0.9756 and P = 0.0524 . In terms of filtering, Kalman filtering is used for signal processing, the measured values and X -axis and Y -axis after filtering are improved by 94.1% and 86.2%, respectively, the repeatability of this system is about A grade capability of precision (Cp), resolution is ±0.0001°, and the stability is at least B grade capability of accuracy (Ca). This equipment has the advantages of low cost, high precision, and 2-axis measurement. This machine tool which has the straightness increases with X and Y axes’ leveling accuracy errors, when the X / Y leveling accuracy is within ±0.01 mm/m, and there is the best straightness and conforms to the ISO230 standard (Lee et al., 2020).
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Zhou, Xian Ping, and Ming Sun. "Study on Accuracy Measure of Trigonometric Leveling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.373.

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How to reduce the errors of the total station in vertical angle measurement is a main problem for improving the accuracy of trigonometric leveling. The leveling method combining the total station with a tracking bar is becoming increasingly more popular, and also the limitations of the traditional trigonometric leveling method have been shown. After a long period of exploration, a new method is proposed for trigonometric leveling. The results show that the error sources of trigonometric leveling are reduced by the method combining with the total station on any spot, and also instrument height and prism height are unnecessarily measured in each determination, so that the field workload and the error sources for improving accuracy are reduced, and then the accuracy of trigonometric leveling is further improved and the speed of implementing the leveling becomes faster. This height determination method is with certain applicability and reference value in the practical work.
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Han, Mao, and Mao Hua Liu. "Research on the Total Station Trigonometric Leveling Using Midway Method Replaces Three/Four Grade Leveling." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1144.

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In order to improve the precise of trigonometric leveling, analysis of the midway method by theoretical analysis and experiment. A formula is derived to calculate the elevation difference and the mean square error base on the error propagation law. The result of research includes: the midway method of total station trigonometric leveling is simple operated , it can replaces the three/four grade leveling through a variety of correction under certain conditions.
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Huang, Haoping. "Airborne geophysical data leveling based on line-to-line correlations." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 3 (May 2008): F83—F89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2836674.

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A new technique removes the leveling errors in airborne geophysical data based on an assumption that the data are continuous (i.e., not renulled or recalibrated) from line to line. A single flight line is selected as a reference to level and tie all survey lines to this continuously varying datum. The leveling errors are determined in a least-squares sense from the reference line and the adjacent line to be leveled. The technique markedly improves the quality of the unleveled, raw data and works best if the reference line overlaps most of the line being leveled. This method cannot distinguish a linear geologic feature in the direction of flight lines from a leveling error. The technique initially was developed for airborne electromagnetic (EM) data in cases where tie-line leveling works poorly. However, it may also be used for airborne-magnetic and other data, in which case tie-lines used in conventional leveling techniques are not needed.
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Guo, Jin Yun, Lei Yu, Xin Liu, Qiao Li Kong, and Guo Wei Li. "Automatic Trigonometric Leveling System Based on GPS and ATR." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2897.

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Trigonometric leveling method is often used to connect the height over sea. Error analysis of trigonometric leveling is made. In order to automatically achieve the trigonometric leveling over long distance, an automatic trigonometric leveling system is put forward with the combination of GPS and the automatic target recognition (ATR) techniques in this paper. The primary design of the system prototype including the structure and the software is given. The practical principle tests are also made to prove the system performance. The results indicate that the leveling precision of the system can satisfy the requirement of fourth order leveling.
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Wang, Yuezong, Zhaodong Wang, Mengfei Guo, and Xin Zhang. "Research on an automatic leveling method with a feedback mode for a parallel 3D printer." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 7 (August 12, 2019): 1250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2019-0052.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose an automatic leveling method for a printing platform based on a three-point coordinate feedback. The proposed method is used in fused deposition modeling additive manufacturing systems. The coordinate error of the leveled plane is constrained to within  ± 0.2 mm, which is less than the printed layer thickness. Design/methodology/approach First, the model of the forward and inverse solutions of the parallel arm is obtained based on the principles of vector algebra. Second, the automatic leveling mechanism for collecting the z-coordinate is designed. The best position of the virtual origin plane is obtained by comparing the z-coordinates of the test points. Finally, after making multiple adjustments through a closed-loop z-coordinate feedback, the parallelism of the printing plane and the virtual origin plane is limited to an effective range. Findings The experimental results show that after three leveling attempts, the z-coordinate of the test points can be constrained to within  ± 0.2 mm, which shows that this method can effectively achieve automatic leveling in a delta three-dimensional (3D) printer. Originality/value This study presents a novel and distinctive delta 3D printer leveling system by designing a leveling mechanism and a leveling algorithm. The method uses a closed-loop feedback mode to make the leveling process simple, convenient and efficient without requiring major changes to the printer. The error after leveling is less than the printed layer thickness, which fully guarantees the accuracy of the leveling process.
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Song, Kang, Jun Bi Liao, Chang Qing Lin, Xue Dong Cao, Yang Yu, and Rui Ji. "Study of Improvement of Measurement Precision for Roundness Measuring Instrument." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.117.

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Based on the requirement of small errors in measuring roundness (cylindricity) error, a leveling methodology which using a dual-point vertical layout has been put forward and analyzed. According to the direction cosine of the axis of workpiece, the amount of leveling has been defined and calculated, which overcomes the problem brought by manual adjustment technology and forms theoretical bases of fast, accurate leveling and high precise measurement. The assessment of roundness (cylindricity) error is to search for a center (cylinder axis) which satisfies the minimum condition. Due to the reliance of initial solutions and relative slowness in terms of convergence precision and convergence rate when using Nelder-Mead simplex method, a combinative method of Quasi-Newton and N-M simplex method has been proposed which achieves a fast, accurate search for global optimums. With the proof of the simulation of classical testing functions using Matlab and the measured data, the convergence rate and precision will be enhanced effectively has been certified with the combination of both methods mentioned above which ensuring and improving the measuring precision of workpiece.
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SONG Kang, 宋康, 廖俊必 LIAO Jun-bi, 林长青 LIN Chang-qing, and 曹学东 CAO Xue-dong. "Leveling and cylindricity error assessment for roundness measuring instrument." Optics and Precision Engineering 22, no. 12 (2014): 3360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20142212.3360.

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Zeng, Zhi-Lin, Guo-Hua Xu, Yin Zhao, and Fei Xie. "Adaptive Backstepping Controller Design for Leveling Control of an Underwater Platform Based on Joint Space." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/989717.

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This paper focuses on high precision leveling control of an underwater heavy load platform, which is viewed as an underwater parallel robot on the basis of its work pattern. The kinematic of platform with deformation is analyzed and the dynamics model of joint space is established. An adaptive backstepping controller according to Lyapunov's function is proposed for leveling control of platform based on joint space. Furthermore, the “lowest point fixed angle error” leveling scheme called “chase” is chosen for leveling control of platform. The digital simulation and practical experiment of single joint space actuator are carried out, and the results show high precision servo control of joint space. On the basis of this, the platform leveling control simulation relies on the hardware-in-loop system. The results indicate that the proposed controller can effectively restrain the influence from system parameter uncertainties and external disturbance to realize high precision leveling control of the underwater platform.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Error in leveling"

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Moreira, Antonio Sérgio Bento. "Nivelamento trigonométrico e nivelamento geométrico classe IIN da NBR 13.133 : limites e condições de compatibilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-10062005-184700/.

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O nivelamento trigonométrico com estação total é uma técnica que tem sua aplicação revigorada em situações que até pouco tempo atrás, por razões de precisão, somente podiam ser atendidas com uso de nivelamento geométrico. A NBR 13.133 inclui este tipo de nivelamento em uma única classe e estabelece tolerâncias muito altas, e por essa razão limita a sua especificação por empresas contratantes. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a precisão do nivelamento trigonométrico usando estações totais de baixa e média precisão, comparando as diferenças de níveis obtidos por nivelamento geométrico. Na avaliação foram consideradas as influências de alguns fatores na propagação dos erros: a obtenção da altura do instrumento, os efeitos atmosférico, o posicionamento e altura dos alvos, a precisão dos equipamentos e as distâncias de visadas. Os resultados possibilitaram definir as distâncias máximas de visada nas condições avaliadas, em que alcança a tolerância do nivelamento geométrico IIN
The trigonometrical leveling with total station is a technique that has been increased in situations in that even some time, for reasons of precision, the use of the leveling was demanded. The NBR 13.133 includes this trigonometrical leveling in a single class and it establishes very high tolerances, and for that reason it limits its specification for contracting companies. The precision of the trigonometrical leveling was evaluated using total stations of low and intermediate precision, comparing the differences of levels obtained by leveling. In the evaluation the influences of some factors were considered in the propagation of the errors: the instrument height determination, the atmospheric effects, the positioning and staff height determination, the precision of the equipments and the distances of staff. The results made possible to define the sight maximum distances in the evaluated conditions, in that it reaches the IIN tolerance leveling
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Lopušanskij, Vladimir. "Niveliavimo skaitmeniniais nivelyrais tikslumo įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140617_111422-13447.

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Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe tiriamas trijų skaitmeninių nivelyrų tikslumas ir gauti tikslumo rezultatai lyginami tarpusavyje. Tyrimui atlikti panaudoti Leica Wild NA3003, Leica SPRINTER 200m ir Trimble DiNi skaitmeniniai nivelyrai. Tyrimo atlikimo vieta pasirinkta Mastaičių miestelio apylinkių teritorija ir Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto teritorija. Šio darbo tikslas – atlikti Leica Wild NA3003, Leica SPRINTER 200M ir Trimble DiNi skaitmeninių nivelyrų matavimo metu atsirandančių paklaidų analizę. Skaitmeninių nivelyrų tikslumui įvertinti atliktas skaitmeninių nivelyrų atskaitymo sistemos tikslumo įvertinimas ir skaitmeninių nivelyrų atstumo iki matuoklių įtakos skaitmeninio niveliavimo tikslumui tyrimas. Atlikus skaitmeninių nivelyrų atskaitymo sistemos tikslumo įvertinimą, nustatyta, kad didžiausio tikslumo (0,520 mm) pasiekta matuojant su skaitmeniniu nivelyru Trimble DiNi, mažiau tikslus (0,967 mm) buvo Leica SPRINTER 200M skaitmeninis nivelyras ir didžiausios paklaidos (1,467 mm) gautos matuojant su Leica Wild NA3003 skaitmeniniu nivelyru. Atlikus atstumo iki matuoklių įtakos skaitmeninio niveliavimo tikslumui tyrimą, tiksliausi rezultatai (+0,0493 mm) gauti matuojant su skaitmeniniu nivelyru Leica Wild NA3003, neženkliai didesnės paklaidos (+0,0524 mm) gautos niveliuojant su skaitmeniniu nivelyru Trimble DiNi ir mažiausio tikslumo (+0,0707 mm) pasiekta matuojant su Leica SPRINTER 200M skaitmeniniu nivelyru.
In the master thesis the accuracy of the three digital levels is researched and received results of the accuracy are compared with each other. The digital levels Leica Wild NA3003, Leica SPRINTER 200m and Trimble DiNi were used to do the research. The research was performed in the territory of Mastaičiai town outskirts and the Aleksandras Stulginskis University. The aim of this thesis is to perform the analysis of the errors when doing precise leveling of the digital levels Leica Wild NA3003, Leica SPRINTER 200m and Trimble DiNi. In order to estimate the accuracy of the digitals levels the estimation of the accuracy of the measurement system of the digital levels and the research of the impact on the accuracy of digital leveling of the range to the meter of the digital levels was performed. After the estimation of the accuracy of the measurement system of the digital levels was performed, it was assessed that greatest accuracy (0.520 mm) mistake was made when measuring with the digital level Trimble DiNi, less accurate (0.967 mm) was Leica SPRINTER 200M Digital level and the greatest error (1.467 mm) mistake was made when measuring with Leica Wild NA3003 digital level. After the estimation of the impact of the distance to the meter on the accuracy of the digital levels was performed, the most accurate result (+0.0493 mm) was gained when measuring with the digital level Leica Wild NA3003, the slightly bigger error (+0.0524 mm) mistake was made when leveling with the... [to full text]
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Zbránek, Jakub. "Měření horizontálních a vertikálních posunů gabionové zdi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226754.

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The main subject of this diploma thesis is monitoring of horizontal and vertical displacements of the supporting wall in village Smědčice. The thesis describes the whole production process, from construction of the reference net and the net of observed points to the final review. There are also displayed main theoretical basis. Final outputs of the thesis are charts, graphical sketches, tables and final word summary.
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Puzienė, Rūta. "Evaluation of the impact of vertical movements of the Earth’s crust on levelling networks." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100303_124234-28257.

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The thesis presents the analysis of the impact of the recent vertical move-ments of the Earth‘s crust on the measurements of levelling as well as levelling networks submitting the results of theoretical research and practical observa-tions. The aim of the work is to investigate the impact on the results of measure-ments in terms of levelling and levelling networks, to work out the methodology for their evaluation to be applied in compiling and maintaining of these net-works. The objectivity of the experiments deals with the levelling networks of Lithuania and data received. The following tasks were solved: 1) there was perfected the methodological approach for the evaluation of the forecasting models in terms of geoindexes of the territory with intention to improve the forecasting.; 2) there was theoretically grounded as well as worked out the methodology for the evaluation of the im-pact of the recent vertical movements of the Earth’s crust on the measurements of levelling and on levelling networks; 3) there was derived the methodology of reduction of differences of measured altitudes, taking into account the selected moment of time; 4) there were made investigations on the possibilities of up-grading the models of forecasting by applying diverse groups of geoindexes; the recommendations were prepared how to use the models of forecasting; 5) while applying the proposed methods and recommendations there were carried out the experiments and evaluation of the impact of the... [to full text]
Disertacijoje nagrinėjama dabartinių žemės plutos judesių įtaka niveliacijos matavimams ir niveliacijos tinklams. Pateikiami teorinių ir praktinių eksperi-mentų tyrimo rezultatai. Darbo tikslas – ištirti dabartinių vertikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių įtaką ni-veliavimo matavimo rezultatams ir niveliacijos tinklams, parengti jų vertinimo metodiką sudarant ir eksploatuojant šiuos tinklus. Tyrimų objektas – Lietuvos teritorijos niveliacijos tinklai ir jų matavimų duomenys. Siekiant įgyvendinti tyrimų tikslą, išspręsti šie uždaviniai: 1) siekiant page-rinti dabartinių vertikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių prognozės modelius, patobulin-ta jų sąsajų su teritorijos georodikliais vertinimo metodika; 2) teoriškai pagrįsta ir parengta dabartinių vertikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių įtakos niveliacijos mata-vimams ir niveliacijos tinklams vertinimo metodika; 3) parengta išmatuotų aukščių skirtumų redukavimo, atsižvelgiant į pasirinktą laiko momentą, metodi-ka; 4) atlikti dabartinių vertikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių prognozės modelių to-bulinimo galimybių, taikant skirtingas georodiklių grupes, tyrimai; parengtos rekomendacijos prognozės modeliams taikyti; 5) taikant parengtas metodikas ir rekomendacijas, atlikti dabartinių vertikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių įtakos, suda-rant ir eksploatuojant Lietuvos niveliacijos tinklus, tyrimai ir vertinimas; 6) api-bendrinus teorinius ir eksperimentinius tyrimus, parengtos rekomendacijos ver-tikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių įtakai vertinti, sudarant ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Chou, Yu-Te, and 周侑德. "Data quality and error analyses of precise leveling observations." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02967426544784076554.

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碩士
國立成功大學
地球科學系碩博士班
95
Abstract We used the precise leveling data of Central Geological Survey from 27 leveling lines in Taiwan between 2002 and 2006 to evaluate the data quality and their accuracy and to construct a procedure for checking the observations and analyzing the systematic errors. The measuring accuracies of about 87% of all single sections are smaller than 1.5 mm √K (K is measures section length, unit for kilometer). Based on our analysis, we found that the error from leveling ruler sinking would accumulate and the correction of this error is between -4.51 and 5.05 mm. In addition, the refraction error and the rod temperature error have significant correction (-1.629-1.519 mm) for systematic errors while estimating the elevation change. The turning point error contributes mainly to the misclosures but not to elevation change. The average misclosure of raw data is 7.3×10-1 mm. After we corrected the raw data according to our procedure, the average misclosure decreases to 1.41×10-3 mm. In the elevation change result, the difference before and after the corrections is 0.72 mm, the maximum value is 4.5mm. The systematic errors can accumulate easily in the mountainous area. If we don’t correct systematic errors, the elevation variation will reach a maximum value of 221.5 mm after 50 years. In regression analyses, the correction parameters refraction error in the plain area is -3.31×10-5 (mm/m3℃) and the correction parameters refraction error in the mountainous area is -4.70×10-5 mm/m3℃. The correction parameters of refraction error in the plain area are different from those in the mountainous area.
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Su, Zhe-Min, and 蘇哲民. "Systematic Error Analyses of TWVD2001 First-order Leveling Data." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43779820764484613610.

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碩士
國立成功大學
測量工程學系碩博士班
91
Precise leveling is a traditional technique of height difference measurement. The adjustment result of leveling network could be corrected and objective after reducing the systematic error of observations. So, To establish effective systematic errors correction models is an important task. From 2000~2002, using new electric precise leveling instrument to measure the survey field of first- and second-order leveling network which includes 2,065 benchmarks distributed along 4,253km leveling-line in Taiwan. Combining leveling, GPS and gravity observations can establish a new vertical datum of Taiwan, TWVD2001. This research is to estimating the systematic error correction parameters of electric leveling instrument using multiple linear regression analysis. This study shows that the correction parameters of refraction error, rod temperature error and turning point settlement in Taiwan, respectively, are , and 0.023mm/setup. The absolute value of each correlation coefficient between parameters is lower then 0.1. Correcting by these parameters, the average of normalized section discrepancies is —0.02mm, and close to normal distribution. Furthermore, the posteriori sigma of unit weight of minimum constant adjustment is ±0.73mm√k, improving about 7.6% compared with uncorrected.
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Hu, Hsung-Mung, and 胡先民. "A Study by Different Estimation Methods to Analyze and Calculate the Gross Error of Leveling Net." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03925586789840457413.

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碩士
國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
96
The purpose of adjustment is to find the best probable value of those unknown parameters and its standard error. In the past, the most common method is to find the solution by using the least square method to come up with the parameters. However, if we assumed that the observations which contained only with random errors, then we can ignore the effect from other factors. Nonetheless, when conducting the actual field survey, we still have to consider the effect of the systematic error and gross error. This study is focusing on using the data of leveling net measurement plus entering the parameter of the artificial gross error with different estimation methods to reject the observations data of gross error. Furthermore, by using those methods, we can also measure the gross error and detect the exact location to understand the range of the gross error and the true location. All this is to test the feasibility of the gross error measurement and the positioning ability. This raw data of this study are from one of the northren and southern Taiwan engineering survey, since the existing factory site has its own direct leveling net measurement to obtain bench mark height. Therefore, we can use the Least Square Estimation and Robust Method (The robust method is Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, also known as IGG method which is one of the counteracting gross error method.) to start the calculation to omit the gross error and find the leveling adjustment. In order to explain the existing different observation value between non-gross error and gross error; as well as better compare those two different methods to improve the different weight coefficients to come up with better results. We found out the robust method could achieve a better solution.
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Books on the topic "Error in leveling"

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Castle, Robert O. An Empirical Assessment of Refraction Error in Leveling as a Function of Survey Order and Environment: An Analysis of the Results of Three North American Field Experiments Designed to Measure the Systematic Component of the Atmospheric Refraction Error in Leveling. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Vaníček, Petr. Corrections for systematic errors in the Canadian levelling network. Mississauga, Ont: University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Survey Science, 1985.

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International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. General Assembly. Comparison of methods of analysis and evaluation of levelling errors. Mississauga, Ont: University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Survey Science, 1987.

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Kharaghani, Gholam A. Propagation of refraction errors in trigonometric height traversing and geodetic levelling. Fredericton, N.B: Dept. of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 1987.

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The errors of levels and levelling: Part II, levelling. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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The errors of levels and levelling: Part I, on the defects of levels. [Canada?: s.n., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Error in leveling"

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Jackson, David D., Wook B. Lee, and Chi-Ching Liu. "Height Dependent Errors in Southern California Leveling." In Maurice Ewing Series, 457–72. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/me004p0457.

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Lilje, M., P. A. Olsson, P. O. Eriksson, and R. Svensson. "Minimising the Error Budget in the Third Precise Levelling of Sweden." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 125–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04683-8_24.

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Stein, Ross S. "Discrimination of Tectonic Displacement from Slope-Dependent Errors in Geodetic Leveling from Southern California, 1953-1979." In Maurice Ewing Series, 441–56. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/me004p0441.

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"CAUSES OF ERROR IN WATER LEVELLING." In RILEM Technical Recommendations for the testing and use of construction materials, 1096–102. CRC Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482271362-266.

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Kubrak, Olena, Andrij Balian, and Oksana Serant. "ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC RESEARCH OF VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES ON THE TERRITORY OF PIDHORETSKYI MONASTERY." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-32.

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The aim of the study is to observe the dynamics of soil movement and deformation of the complex of buildings and structures in the Pidhoretskyi monastery on the basis of geodetic measurements in complex engineering and geological conditions in the protected area, as well as permanent monitoring of vertical displacements for analysis and further recommendations for concerning safe operation of engineering constructions. Due to significant landslides on the slopes of the terrace, the buildings and structures of the Pidhoretskyi monastery are in a state of emergency. To save the architectural monument of the 18th century, which is located on the territory of Plisnetskyi reserve, a reference geodetic planned-height network (proving ground) has been created, which allows to determine the magnitude and direction of soil landslides; to determine the deformation of buildings and structures; to determine the amount of subsidence of structures as well as monitoring these processes. The support network consists of 2 planned-height (source) soil geodetic points for control of six stationary observation stations, 4 of which are located on one top of the mountain slope, and 2 are on the other. The height basis is created by leveling of the II class. Planned-height network consists of eight lines: some are designed and laid parallel to the church buildings, others are directed towards the ravines to determine the dynamics of their movement. A total of 87 reinforcing marks for linear - angular observations are laid. To observe the deformations of buildings and structures, 35 external wall signs (benchmarks) were laid in the foundations of the buildings, 20 were laid in the retaining wall and 22 internal signs (dowels) were laid in the stone floor of the church. The total number of all wall signs are 77. We proposed the manufacture of polymer poles on the ground from the polymer pipes, with which we fixed all points of the planned height network. The convenience of their use is due to the fact that they meet the requirements of the instructions and they can be used in the territories of cultural heritage sites of national importance, without violating the Law of Ukraine. Centers can be made from improvised materials quickly and conveniently; their cost is quite low; ease and forced centering of devices and reflectors above the signs eliminates centering errors. Research methods. Geometric leveling of the second class with Ni-002 level and observation of displacements in the targets was performed at the proving ground. Research results. For the first time on the territory of Pidhoretskyi monastery a stationary geodetic proving ground was created for permanent observations of soil movements, deformations of buildings and structures. The points of the proving ground are laid down by the proposed types of centers. On the basis of geodetic observations, uneven and uniform subsidence of the marks of the studied buildings and structures, displacement of points of alignment were determined; maps of vertical movements of the earth's surface of the territory of the Pidhoretskyi monastery were created.
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Conference papers on the topic "Error in leveling"

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Shi, Xin, Fei Wu, Shunzhuo Wang, Changsheng Xie, and Zhonghai Lu. "Program error rate-based wear leveling for NAND flash memory." In 2018 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/date.2018.8342205.

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Sun, Chungeng, Jianhua Wei, Jinhui Fang, Chengzhang Huang, and Mingjie Li. "Co-Simulation ADAMS-Simulink for Analysis of Passive Four-Point Leveling System of the Hydraulic Press." In BATH/ASME 2016 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2016-1725.

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The four-point leveling hydraulic system (FLHS) is a key component of high-precision hydraulic press. To meet the development trend of leveling system of hydraulic press, such as large stroke, anti-bias load ability, big leveling torque, principle of passive FLHS with four axis synchronous controlling has been proposed, using four high-precision displacement sensors and four high-response servo-proportional valves (HSPV). Because the HSPV has a certain predictive opening, during the process of passive leveling operating, linearization of the mathematic model at operating point is necessary. In this paper, a simulation model of the system, which uses the average type synchronous control strategy, is built with ADAMS and MATLAB / Simulink, as well as the operational parameters of the model. The result of the simulation shows that the system using the average type synchronous control strategy is able to ensure the synchronization error among the four axis of the leveling system. It also suggests that the proposed leveling and the control strategy are reasonable, effective and feasible.
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Ghosh, Suhash, Chittaranjan Sahay, and Poorna Pruthvi Chandra Malempati. "Effect of Measuring Instrument Eccentricity and Tilt Error on Circularity Form Error." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11937.

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Abstract From power stations to power tools, from the smallest watch to the largest car, all contain round components. In precision machining of cylindrical parts, the measurement and evaluation of roundness (also called circularity in ASME Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing Y14.5) and cylindricity are indispensable components to quantify form tolerance. Of all the methods of measuring these form errors, the most precise is the one with accurate spindle/turntable type measuring instrument. On the instrument, the component is rotated on a highly accurate spindle which provides an imaginary circular datum. The workpiece axis is aligned with the axis of the spindle by means of a centering and tilt adjustment leveling table. In this article, the authors have investigated the dependence of circularity form error on instrument’s centering error (also known as eccentricity) and tilt error. It would be intriguing to map this nonlinear relationship within its effective boundaries and to investigate the limits beyond which the measurement costs and time remain no more efficient. In this study, a test part with different circular and cylindrical features were studied with varying levels of predetermined instrument eccentricity and tilt errors. Additionally, this article explores the significance of incorporating these parameters into undergraduate and graduate engineering curricula, and be taught as an improved toolkit to the aspiring engineers, process engineers and quality control professionals.
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Liu, Chun-tong, Zhen-xin He, Xiao-feng Zhao, and Bing Zhao. "Design of automatic leveling and centering system based on error correction and compensation algorithm." In 5th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies, edited by Xiangang Luo and Georg von Freymann. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.865500.

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Ghosh, Suhash, Chittaranjan Sahay, Poorna Pruthvi Chandra Malempati, and Swetabh Singh. "Dependence of Measuring Instrument Eccentricity and Tilt Error on the Four Mathematical Methods of Circularity Form Errors." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11954.

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Abstract In precision machining of cylindrical parts, the measurement and evaluation of circularity is an indispensable component to quantify form tolerance. Of all the methods of measuring these form errors, the most precise is the one with accurate spindle/turntable type measuring instrument. On the instrument, the component is rotated on a highly accurate spindle which provides an imaginary circular datum. The workpiece axis is aligned with the axis of the spindle by means of a centering and tilt adjustment leveling table. Based on reference circles, this paper focuses on the four modeling methods of roundness, namely, (1) Least Squares Circle (LSC), (2) Maximum Inscribed Circle (MIC), (3) Minimum Circumscribed Circle (MCC) and (4) Minimum Zone or Minimum Radial Separation (MRS) Circles. These methods have been explained in author’s previous article in the context of their implications on design applications, advantages and disadvantages. In this article, the authors have investigated the dependence of these mathematical methods based circularity form error on instrument’s centering error (also known as eccentricity) and tilt error. Some intriguing results were observed for the highly nonlinear relationship of machine’s centering/tilt error with circularity results outside its useful linear region (50–600 μin for this specific machine used in this investigation). Further, the linear and nonlinear relationship was mapped within the effective boundaries of eccentricity settings to investigate the best and worst methods of circularity measurements that are susceptible to instrument errors. Very high and low machine eccentricity settings in its nonlinear regions were not accurately compensated by the machine in circularity results processing. In this study, a master part with different circular and cylindrical features was studied with varying levels of preset instrument eccentricity and tilt errors. Off the four methods, MRS reported the least circularity results. The other three methods didn’t provide any predictable trend. Circularity results were observed to differ up to 35% within these four methods. However, in this preliminary investigation, this maximum difference doesn’t appear to follow any predictable trend with varying machine eccentricities. This article also reinforces the significance of these parameters, and the way they should be understood and be incorporated into undergraduate and graduate engineering curriculum, and be taught as an improved toolkit to the aspiring engineers.
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Deguchi, Y., A. Kobayashi, and K. Takeuchi. "47% Data-Retention Error Reduction of TLC NAND Flash Memory by Introducing Stress Relaxation Period with Round-Robin Wear-leveling." In 2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2016.b-6-01.

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Birvydienė, Rosita, Algirdas Butkus, Arūnas Būga, Ramunas Dedela, Ricardas Kolosovskis, Boleslovas Krikštaponis, Arvydas Musteikis, et al. "Final Results of Establishment of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network of Lithuania." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.166.

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The methodology of all kinds of geodetic measurements of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network, the information on the observation data received and main results of the accuracy estimation and adjustment of the network are presented. In 2006 the development of the Geodetic Vertical First Order Network of Lithuania was completed. It was the basis to adopt the Height System of Lithuania (LAS07). The densification of the Geodetic Vertical First Order Network started in 2010 by development of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network. The Second Order Network consists of 74 levelling lines, and total length of them is 3087 km. In the period of 2010–2013 the 16 levelling lines (814 km) were observed. Rest of levelling lines were observed in 2013–2016. Total number of benchmarks is 2099. The levelling was executed by digital levels Trimble DiNi12 and coded rods Nedo LD13. All ground benchmarks were positioned by GPS receivers Trimble 5700 and Trimble Zephyr Geodetic antennas. LitPOS stations served as fiducial points. The gravity accelerations at all benchmarks were observed by gravimeters Scintrex CG-5. The levellings of the Second Order Network carried out is characterized by high precision: the double run of one kilometre levelling RMS error does not exceeds 0.7 mm. The adjustments of the second order levelling lines applying least square method were executed separately in each region outlined by the First Order network lines and border of a country.
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Wyszkowska, Patrycja, and Robert Duchnowski. "Subjective Breakdown Points of R-estimators Applied in Deformation Analysis." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.250.

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This paper presents practical aspect of the breakdown point theory in deformation analysis by applying R-estimators. The main aim of the paper is to determine impact of the probability of positive (or negative) gross errors and the number of such errors on the value of breakdown point of the estimates applied. Authors consider two types of networks: a levelling network and a horizontal one. Calculations are made for two cases, namely when observations are affected by gross errors in both measurement epochs or only in the second epoch. The main results are based on the Monte Carlo method, which is a very useful tool to solve such a geodetic problem. The simulations show that the breakdown point depends on the probability of positive gross errors but also on the number of epochs in which the gross errors occur. This is especially vivid in the case of levelling networks. Another interesting finding is that even if the number of gross errors exceeds the breakdown point, we can still get reasonable results; however, not always. Thus, the paper shows the probabilities that the method breaks down for several different cases. The paper includes some numerical tests, which provided practical information about the subjective breakdown points and their importance for R-estimates applied in deformation analysis.
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Mrówczynska, Maria, and Jacek Sztubecki. "Prediction of Vertical Displacements in Civil Structures Using Artificial Neural Networks." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.220.

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This article attempts to analyse and predict vertical displacements of measurement-and- control network points located on civil structures founded on expansive soils, using artificial neural networks. Geodetic monitoring of civil structures consists in regular measurements of control point networks and interpretation of results. The obtained values of displacement provide sets of significant data which enable determination of the influence of changes in groundwater conditions of the subsoil on the deformation processes occurring in structures founded on it. Using such data sets, it is possible to draw conclusions regarding the dynamics of the occurrence of deformation and to develop a geometric model of displacements. In recent years, methods of prediction based on artificial intelligence have been increasingly prominent. Neural networks and evolutionary algorithms, which can supplement each other, make advanced tools applied in the process of prediction of deformations. In order to forecast displacements of control points, demonstrating changes in a civil structure, multi-layer artificial neural networks are employed in this article, taught using the method of error backpropagation and gradient optimization methods. The analysed results in the form of height differences were obtained through a series of measurements on a civil structure, taken by means of precise levelling at monthly intervals.
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Reports on the topic "Error in leveling"

1

An empirical assessment of refraction error in leveling as a function of survey order and environment. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2114.

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