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Journal articles on the topic 'Error separation technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Linxiang, Cao, Wang Hong, Li Xiongua, and Shen Qinghong. "Full-harmonic error separation technique." Measurement Science and Technology 3, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/3/12/002.

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2

Liu, Wenwen, JunSen Fu, Biao Wang, and Shanlin Liu. "Five-point cylindricity error separation technique." Measurement 145 (October 2019): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.05.072.

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3

Ma, Yu Zhen, Xin Hua Wang, Yan Hui Kang, and Xiao Dong. "Roundness Measurement and Error Separation Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.390.

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A new three-point method for spindle roundness error measuring was introduced, three capacitive sensors were installed on the measured shaft circularly, and with a certain angle each other, while the spindle was rotating with a certain speed, the capacitive sensors had measurement on the circular profile simultaneously, then through linear combination for three-sensor output signals, the roundness error was effectively separated from the spindle error. There were no strict requirement to initial installation position by using capacitive sensors, as long as ensuring the change of measured rotor error within the linear range of sensors, we could realize effective measurement. The experiment results have verified the effectiveness of roundness error measuring system based on three capacitive sensors.

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4

Huang, Li Ling, and Fu Gui Huang. "Characteristics Identification of Straightness Error on Error Separation Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1410.

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The straightness error was measured from a certain part surface by CMM. The paper expounded the principle of error separation technique, and separated the straightness error into deterministic error and random error. It proved strictly an opinion that random error is obedient to normal distribution. Extraction point of random error far outweighs the extraction point which is obtained from deterministic error. Based on the principle of sampling signal, a conclusion can be pointed out that utilizing the characteristic of random error to recover the signal of straightness error without distortion is feasible and normal distribution model can be used in the computer simulation to study the problem of extraction point.

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Liu, Wenwen, Hao Zeng, Shanlin Liu, HongTao Wang, and Wanyu Chen. "Four-point error separation technique for cylindricity." Measurement Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (May 29, 2018): 075007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aac15b.

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6

Cui, Min, and Wei Yi Deng. "Application of Error Separation Technique on the Virtual Detector of Gear Error." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 3038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.3038.

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On the foundation of conventional double-flank gear rolling tester, a virtual detector of gear error taking personal computer as the core is developed with the use of virtual instrument technology. Systematic error is analyzed through error separation technique. The structure of the detecting system , the design of the system software based on LabVIEW, and the separation of different radial component deviations of gear are presented.

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7

Cappa, S., D. Reynaerts, and F. Al-Bender. "A sub-nanometre spindle error motion separation technique." Precision Engineering 38, no. 3 (July 2014): 458–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2013.12.011.

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8

Zhang, Lei, Yu Zhang, and Lin Ba. "Conditions of Precision Measurement for Error Separation by Multi-Probe Method." Advanced Materials Research 24-25 (September 2007): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.24-25.315.

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There are some applications of error separation technique in actual measurement. However there exists a series of theoretical and technical obstacles, and the error separation technique lacks the objective assessment. The further discussion about the character of error separation technique by multi-probe method is made in this paper and six criteria for precision measurement of error separation technique by multi-probe method is also advanced. That is, (1) The criterion for veracity of error separation; (2) The criterion for periodicity of combination signal; (3) The criterion for the remnant first-harmonic in combination signal; (4) The criterion for validity of error separation results; (5) The criterion for validity of probes’ fixing angles ; (6) The criterion for nonzero character of weight function. These criteria are significant for the objective evaluation of the measuring apparatus’ measurement precision, the validity of the sampling data, and the confidence level of error separation results. The validity of the measuring condition was proved by the online measurement experiment.

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9

ZHANG, Lei. "Theory and Experiment of Three-probe Error Separation Technique." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45, no. 06 (2009): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2009.06.256.

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10

Fung, Eric H. K., and S. M. Yang. "An error separation technique for measuring straightness motion error of a linear slide." Measurement Science and Technology 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2000): 1515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/11/10/313.

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11

Fung, Eric H. K., and S. M. Yang. "A New Method for Roundness Control in Taper Turning Using FCC Techniques." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 4 (September 1, 2000): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1372196.

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This paper describes a methodology of online measuring and compensating spindle error motions without using a precalibrated master. The method is based on a combination of forecasting compensatory control (FCC) and error separation techniques. The real time recursive ARMA modeling technique is used for the modeling and forecasting of workpiece errors while the error compensation is performed by means of two-dimensional piezo-actuated tool movements. Experimental results have shown that an improvement of 42–47 percent was achieved for the roundness error of workpieces in the taper turning operations.

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12

Yin, Zi-qiang, and Sheng-yi Li. "High accuracy error separation technique for on-machine measuring straightness." Precision Engineering 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2005.07.006.

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13

Fu, Xingyu, Guo Bing, Qingliang Zhao, Zhimin Rao, Kai Cheng, and Kabwe Mulenga. "Improved error separation technique for on-machine optical lens measurement." Measurement Science and Technology 27, no. 4 (March 9, 2016): 045005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/27/4/045005.

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14

Marsh, Eric, Jeremiah Couey, and Ryan Vallance. "Nanometer-Level Comparison of Three Spindle Error Motion Separation Techniques." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 1 (April 21, 2005): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2118747.

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This work demonstrates the state of the art capabilities of three error separation techniques for nanometer-level measurement of precision spindles and rotationally-symmetric artifacts. Donaldson reversal is compared to a multi-probe and a multi-step technique using a series of measurements carried out on a precision aerostatic spindle with a lapped spherical artifact. The results indicate that subnanometer features in both spindle error motion and artifact form are reliably resolved by all three techniques. Furthermore, the numerical error values agree to better than one nanometer. The paper discusses several issues that must be considered when planning spindle or artifact measurements at the nanometer level.

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15

Wang, Peng Qing, Hong Jun Wang, Peng Wan, and He Peng Gao. "Research of Spindle Error Separation Mixed Method." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1201.

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This paper introduces a spindle error separation technique called orthogonal mixed method. The problem of harmonic suppression is solved by the orthogonal mixed method, which exists in the process of measurement based on three point method.The measuring system consisting of a displacement sensor and a angle sensor is developed for spindle error and roundness measurement. Two sensors, which are placed in the same plane perpendicular to the spindle axis, are mutual into 900. The principle of the critical angle method of total reflection are used by two sensors to separate rotation error from spindle error. Above all, the measured results show that this method indeed solve the problem of harmonic suppression, make the results of measurement more accurate.

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16

TALBI, MOURAD, SABEUR ABID, and ADNEN CHERIF. "EMD-BASED ECG DENOISING USING SOURCE SEPARATION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 05 (October 2015): 1550082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415500827.

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We consider the problem of electrocardiogram (ECG) denoising using source separation. In this study, a hybrid technique using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and source separation, is proposed. This technique consists of two steps, the first step consists in applying the EMD to two different mixtures. These mixtures are obtained by corrupting in additive manner, the same ECG signal by a white Gaussian noise with two different values of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The second step consists in computing the entropy of each obtained intrinsic mode function (IMF) and finds the two IMFs having the minimal entropy. These two IMFs are used to estimate the separation matrix of the ECG signal from noise by using the source separation. The proposed technique is evaluated by comparing it to the denoising technique based on source separation in time domain using runica and the technique based on Bionic wavelet transform (BWT) and also using source separation. The obtained results from SNR and the mean square error (MSE) computations, show that the proposed technique outperforms the other two techniques used in this evaluation.

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17

Fung, Eric H. K. "A New Method for Measuring Straightness and Yawing Motion Errors of a Linear Slide." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 2 (October 6, 2005): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2162903.

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In this paper, an on-machine Fourier five-sensor (F5S) measurement method is developed using Fourier series and sensor integration techniques to determine the straightness and yawing motion errors of a linear slide. The profile of the slide is also determined in this error separation technique. The method is an extension of the previous Fourier three-sensor (F3S) method (Fung, E. H. K., and Yang, S. M., 2000, “An Error Separation Technique for Measuring Straightness Motion Error of a Linear Slide,” Meas. Sci. Technol., 11, pp. 1515–1521; Yang, S. M., Fung, E. H. K., and Chiu, W. M., 2002, “Uncertainty Analysis of On-Machine Motion and Profile Measurement With Sensor Reading Errors,” Meas. Sci. Technol., 13, pp. 1937–1945) by including the effects of yawing error in the straightness motion error and profile measurements. The principles and operation of the F5S measurement method are described. The uncertainty analysis of the method in the presence of a sensor reading error is studied both in the frequency domain and the spatial domain. The spatial domain parameter is first optimized to yield the 12 possible sensor configurations and the final configuration is chosen based on the frequency domain parameter values. The method is evaluated by computer simulation where the simulated sensor outputs are derived from the predefined profile, straightness, and yawing motion errors. By comparing the calculated results with the input data, the F5S method is found to be superior to the F3S method as far as accuracy is concerned. The results reported in this simulation study not only confirm the feasibility of the F5S method but also encourage the author to perform an experimental study in the near future.

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18

Baek, Sang-Woo, Min-Gyu Kim, Dong-Hyeok Lee, and Nahm-Gyoo Cho. "Multi-probe system design for measuring the roundness and rotation error motion of a spindle using an error separation technique." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 5 (June 22, 2018): 1547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405418782281.

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Fourier model–based multi-probe-error-separation is an error separation method that is useful for precise measurement of the rotation error motion of spindles or roundness profile of rotating machine parts. However, it is not yet widely used, because it suffers from the critical problem of harmonic distortion. This study explores the phenomenon of harmonic distortion in detail and analytically clarifies the principles behind its occurrence. The position at which harmonic distortion occurs can be calculated exactly and easily using principles related not only to probe arrangement angles, but also to measurement conditions such as data length and undulation range of interest. Based on these principles, we propose multi-probe system design guidelines for the effective selection of probe arrangement angles and avoidance of harmonic distortion. The reliability and usability of the proposed design method are verified by simulation tests; stable multi-probe-error-separation can easily be achieved using the proposed design technique. We conduct experimental tests using a special measuring system based on four probes composed of two different probe arrangement sets and verify that this multi-probe-error-separation method can acquire rotation error motion or roundness profile precisely without harmonic distortion.

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19

Baek, Sang Woo, and Nahm Gyoo Cho. "A Precision Line Profile Measurement Technique Using Multi Probe Error Separation Method." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 37, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/jkspe.020.052.

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20

Zhao, Weiqian, Jiubin Tan, Zi Xue, and Shaoliang Fu. "SEST: A new error separation technique for ultra-high precision roundness measurement." Measurement Science and Technology 16, no. 3 (February 12, 2005): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/16/3/027.

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21

Jiao, Yang, Ming Huang, and Pinkuan Liu. "Optimal measurement angles of the three-probe spindle error motion separation technique." Measurement Science and Technology 30, no. 9 (July 19, 2019): 095001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab20af.

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22

Linxiang, C. "The measuring accuracy of the multistep method in the error separation technique." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 22, no. 11 (November 1989): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/22/11/002.

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23

Liu, Song Yong, and Chen Xu Luo. "Shearer Shaft Roundness Error of Signal Processing." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.427.

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For the measurement of shearer shaft geometry signal contain the axis of rotation error and the measurement error, made of two separate programs from shearer shaft the geometric method of measuring signal acquisition and signal processing error. The program is based on the analysis of the shearer shaft Two-point method of roundness measurement method and error separation technique. Using two displacement sensors and a combination of programs to measure the angle sensor, and an equation using the Fourier transform of elimination and separated from the measurement signal roundness. Then, 53H, and wavelet signal Noise algorithm such as the error of roundness error signal separation. Simulation results show that the method has a higher real value and better convergence for coal mining shaft roundness error in the separation of signal processing.

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24

Liu, Wenwen, XuHuai Zhou, Yi Hu, and Penghao Hu. "A V-block three-probe error separation technique for portable measurement of cylindricity." Precision Engineering 59 (September 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2019.05.013.

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25

Jywe, Wenyuh, and Chun-Jen Chen. "A new 2D error separation technique for performance tests of CNC machine tools." Precision Engineering 31, no. 4 (October 2007): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2007.03.004.

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26

Zhang, Lei, Ying Zhao, and Lin Ba. "Research and Practice on the On-Line Measurement of Cylindricity Error in a Grinding Machine." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.176.

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This paper researches the theory of multi-probes EST (Error Separation Technique) further. The computer simulation on the three-probes EST is also carried out. Several contrastive experiments of the on-line measurement are carried out in a grinding machine (MB1332A). The workpieces used in the experiments had been measured by TALYROND 262 Geometrical Error Measurement Instrument. The results of these experiments successfully verify that the theory and mathematical models of this paper are correct. The contrast of the measuring results in these experiments proves that the three-probes method can realize the complete separation of all kinds of errors basically and this method is applicable to on-line measurement of a workpiece and it can also make the measurement accuracy very high.

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27

Intarakumthornchai, Thanasan, and Ramil Kesvarakul. "Double yolk eggs detection using fuzzy logic." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0241888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241888.

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Chicken egg products increased by 60% worldwide resulting in the farmers or traders egg industry. The double yolk (DY) eggs are priced higher than single yolk (SY) eggs around 35% at the same size. Although, separating DY from SY will increase more revenue but it has to be replaced at the higher cost from skilled labor for sorting. Normally, the separation of double yolk eggs required the expertise person by weigh and shape of egg but it is still high error. The purpose of this research is to detect double-yolked (DY) chicken eggs with weight and ratio of the egg’s size using fuzzy logic and developing a low cost prototype to reduce the cost of separation. The K-means clustering is used for separating DY and SY, firstly. However, the error from this technique is still high as 15.05% because of its hard clustering. Therefore, the intersection zone scattering from using the weight and ratio of the egg’s size to input of DY and SY is taken into consider with fuzzy logic algorithm, to improve the error. The results of errors from fuzzy logic are depended with input membership functions (MF). This research selects triangular MF of weight as low = 65 g, medium = 75 g and high = 85 g, while ratio of the egg is triangular MF as low = 1.30, medium = 1.40 and high = 1.50. This algorithm is not provide the minimum total error but it gives the low error to detect a double yolk while the real egg is SY as 1.43% of total eggs. This algorithm is applied to develop a double yolk egg detection prototype with Mbed platform by a load cell and OpenMV CAM, to measure the weight and ratio of the egg respectively.

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28

Wang, Fei Fei, and Wei Ming He. "Online Measurement Experiment and Data Analysis of the Slideway Straightness Motion Error for CMM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.329.

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The paper introduces the principle of the sequential two points (STP) method, using the error separation technique to isolate slideway straightness error and workpiece straightness error, by means of measurement and data analysis to study the slideway straightness error. Using least square method for fitting to improve the accuracy of three coordinate measuring machine. Last to assess and maintain the accuracy of the measurement machine.

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29

Okuyama, Eiki, Kohei Konda, and Hiromi Ishikawa. "Surface Profile Measurement Based on the Concept of Multi-Step Division of Length." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0716.

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Many error separation techniques to separate a surface profile from the parasitic motion of the instrument using multiple sensors and/or multiple scans have been proposed. In recent years, large-scale surface profile measurements have become required. When a measured surface profile is large, the number of sampling points becomes large. As the result, the influence of random error becomes large. Previously, a multi-step technique for the division of length was used to decide the short scale from the large scale. An important requirement of this multi-step technique for the division of length is to keep high accuracy at several key points. We applied this technique to the integration method for surface profile measurement and proposed a combination of the large-scale integration method and the short-scale integration method. The results of the theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiment show that this combination method decreases the influence of random error propagation for surface profile measurement.

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30

Hou, Maosheng, Lirong Qiu, Weiqian Zhao, Fan Wang, Entao Liu, and Lin Ji. "Single-step spatial rotation error separation technique for the ultraprecision measurement of surface profiles." Applied Optics 53, no. 3 (January 20, 2014): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.000487.

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31

He, Liang Yu, Yin Biao Guo, Hao Huang, Zhe Wang, and Jian Wang. "The Technique of Online Measurement and Data Processing for Aspheric Machining." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 4313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4313.

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In the traditional precision machining, it is easy to introduce positioning error because of the separation of the machining and the measurement. In order to solve this problem, an online measurement technique for aspheric grinding has been put forward. It measured the workpiece with sensor which was fixed to the high-precision machine tool. It processed data with the algorithm of Two-dimensional weighted average filtering and curve fitting based on Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt least-square method. The experimental results indicated that the fitting residual error was less than 3×10-6 mm. In the grinding process, the measurement error was of the order of the magnitude of 10-3 mm. It can be concluded that the technique measures the surface exactly, and improves the machining accuracy effectively by providing accurate data for compensation.

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32

Eckhardt, K. "Technical Note: Analytical sensitivity analysis of a two parameter recursive digital baseflow separation filter." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (October 25, 2011): 9469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-9469-2011.

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Abstract. A sensitivity analysis for a well established baseflow separation technique, a two parameter recursive digital filter, is presented. The propagation of errors or uncertainties of the two filter parameters into the calculated baseflow index is analytically ascertained. Representative sensitivity indices (defined as the ratio between the relative error of the baseflow index and the relative error of the respective parameter) are derived by application of the resulting equations to a great number of catchments. It is found that in the mean the parameter a, the recession constant, has a stronger influence on the calculated baseflow index than the second filter parameter BFImax. This is favourable in that a can be determined by a recession analysis and therefore should be less uncertain. Whether this finding also applies for a specific catchment can easily be checked by means of the derived equations.

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33

Eckhardt, K. "Technical Note: Analytical sensitivity analysis of a two parameter recursive digital baseflow separation filter." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 13, 2012): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-451-2012.

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Abstract. A sensitivity analysis for a well-established baseflow separation technique, a two parameter recursive digital filter, is presented. The sensitivity of the calculated baseflow index to errors or uncertainties of the two filter parameters and of the initial baseflow value is analytically ascertained. It is found that the influence of the initial baseflow value is negligible for long time series. The propagation of errors or uncertainties of the two filter parameters into the baseflow index is expressed by a dimensionless sensitivity index, the ratio between the relative error of the baseflow index and the relative error of the respective parameter. Representative index values are derived by application of the resulting equations to 65 North American catchments. In the mean the parameter a, the recession constant, has a stronger influence on the calculated baseflow index than the second filter parameter BFImax. This is favourable in that a can be determined by a recession analysis and therefore should be less uncertain. Whether this finding also applies for a specific catchment can easily be checked by means of the derived equations.

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Anandan, K. Prashanth, and O. Burak Ozdoganlar. "A multi-orientation error separation technique for spindle metrology of miniature ultra-high-speed spindles." Precision Engineering 43 (January 2016): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2015.07.002.

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35

Jiao, Yang, Ye Ding, Zeguang Dong, Ming Huang, and Pinkuan Liu. "Optimal-arrangement-based four-scanning-heads error separation technique for self-calibration of angle encoders." Measurement Science and Technology 29, no. 8 (July 5, 2018): 085005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aacc8a.

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36

Li, C. James, Shengyi Li, and Jianming Yu. "High-resolution error separation technique for in-situ straightness measurement of machine tools and workpieces." Mechatronics 6, no. 3 (April 1996): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-4158(95)00077-1.

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37

Li, Ning, Hai Ting Chen, and Shao Peng Liu. "Rotating Machine Monitoring Based on Blind Source Separation of Correlated Source Signals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1299.

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Blind source separation (BSS) which separate the unknown sources from the observed signals is a new signal processing technique. The most methods for solving this problem rely on assumptions of independence or uncorrelation of source signals at least. However, the observed signal is always interfered by signals with common frequency in the rotating machine, and difficult to be separated by the conventional BSS method. In this paper, it is proved that the source signals with common frequencies are correlative, and the separating error brought by the cross-correlation of the source signals is analyzed. A new separating method for the correlated source signals with frequency overlapping is presented and it is successfully applied to separate the monitoring signals of rotor test stand.

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38

Gardner, Peter, and Andrew Deamer. "An evaluation of methods for assessing the removal efficiency of a grit separation device." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 9 (April 1, 1996): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0228.

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The paper considers the many problems which can beset any attempt to verify or measure the performance of a grit removal device, including contractual ambiguities, the difficulties of assessing any flow dependency, sampling difficulties, uncertainty about analytical techniques and efficiency definitions. The different definitions of efficiency are discussed and it is concluded that the ‘partial penetration’ would be the most applicable to the situation. The usefulness is discussed of attempting to separate grits which do not damage machinery and improve the handleability of the primary sludge. In the measurement of efficiency only two process streams need be sampled. Different protocols are considered which specify which streams should be sampled, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are set out. Solid stream sampling of recovered grit and primary sludges over a lengthy period is rejected as an unwieldy technique which may be impracticable on certain sites. The analysis of sludges for a small quantity of grit is problematic and subject to error, but this is also true of settled liquid stream samples. Rather it is concluded that supplementary grit addition coupled with liquid effluent stream sampling would give an efficiency subject to little error. The results of recent significant work carried out in the testing of a Grit KingR Separator, both in-situ and under controlled conditions, using different methods are presented in this paper. The recommended technique is described together with the sampling methods and further work required to verify/validate the procedure.

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39

Sattar, Muhammad Awais, Matheus Martinez Garcia, Robert Banasiak, Luis M. Portela, and Laurent Babout. "Electrical Resistance Tomography for Control Applications: Quantitative Study of the Gas-Liquid Distribution inside A Cyclone." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 25, 2020): 6069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216069.

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Phase separation based centrifugal forces is effective, and thus widely explored by the process industry. In an inline swirl separator, a core of the light phase is formed in the center of the device and captured further downstream. Given the inlet conditions, this gas core created varies in shape and size. To predict the separation behavior and control the process in an optimal way, the gas core diameter should be measured with the minimum possible intrusiveness. Process tomography techniques such as electrical resistance tomography (ERT) allows us to measure the gas core diameter in a fast and non-intrusive way. Due to the soft-field nature and ill-posed problem in solving the inverse problem, especially in the area of low spatial resolution, the reconstructed images often overestimate the diameter of the object under consideration leading to unreliable measurements. To use ERT measurements as an input for the controller, the estimated diameters should be corrected based on secondary measurements, e.g., optical techniques such as high-speed cameras. In this context, image processing and image analysis techniques were adapted to compare the diameter calculated by an ERT system and a fast camera. In this paper, a correction method is introduced to correct the diameter obtained by ERT based on static measurements. The proposed method reduced the ERT error of dynamic measurements of the gas core size from over 300% to below 20%, making it a reliable sensing technique for controlled separation processes.

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Hussein, Shilan Othman. "Splitting the One-Dimensional Wave Equation. Part I: Solving by Finite-Difference Method and Separation Variables." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 2(SI) (June 22, 2020): 0675. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.2(si).0675.

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In this study, an unknown force function dependent on the space in the wave equation is investigated. Numerically wave equation splitting in two parts, part one using the finite-difference method (FDM). Part two using separating variables method. This is the continuation and changing technique for solving inverse problem part in (1,2). Instead, the boundary element method (BEM) in (1,2), the finite-difference method (FDM) has applied. Boundary data are in the role of overdetermination data. The second part of the problem is inverse and ill-posed, since small errors in the extra boundary data cause errors in the force solution. Zeroth order of Tikhonov regularization, and several parameters of regularization are employed to decrease errors for output force solution. It is obvious from figures how error affects the results and zeroth order stables the solution.

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HEGDE, VEENA N., RAVISHANKAR DEEKSHIT, and P. S. SATYANARAYANA. "RANDOM NOISE CANCELLATION IN BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS USING VARIABLE STEP SIZE GRIFFITH LMS ADAPTIVE LINE ENHANCER." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 04 (September 2012): 1240020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412400209.

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This paper presents a new method of random noise cancellation for removing artefacts from biomedical signals using an adaptive line enhancer (ALE). The ALE is implemented using proposed time domain variable step size Griffith least mean square (VSGLMS) algorithm. The technique is based on the adaptation of the gradient of the error surface. The method makes both the step size and the gradient free from observation noise and reduces the gradient mis-adjustment error. Here, both the gradient and the scale factor for the step size are free from the input noise effects, which makes the algorithm robust to both stationary and non-stationary observation noise. Further the additional computational load involved for this is marginal. The VSGLMS adaptive filter technique for ALE is tested on noise cancellation of two types of bio-medical signals — separation of electro cardiogram (ECG) signal from a background of electro myogram (EMG) and heart sound signal (HSS) from lung sound signal (LSS). Application of VSGLAM–ALE for the separation of HSS from LSS and ECG from EMG has been demonstrated using synthetic White Gaussian noise (WGN). It is found that VSGLMS–ALE can separate the desired signals like ECG or HSS at an input SNR of -5 dB to 27 dB. The performance of VSGLMS is compared with state-of-the-art least mean square LMS–ALE and normalised LMS–ALE. The results of PSDs, time domain waveforms, and mean square error (MSE) have proven that VSGLMS performs better than advanced techniques.

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Oh, Soon-Soo, Woo-Su Kim, and Young-Hwan Lee. "EIRP Characterization of Electrically Large Wireless Equipment with Integrated Signal Generator in a Compact Environment." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/383925.

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We describe a measurement technique to characterize the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of electrically large wireless equipment in a compact environment. A modified phase-measurement method was proposed and, thus, the separation of the signal generator and radiating element was not required during the measurement. A Fresnel-to-far-field transformation was used for the fast measurement time in a compact anechoic chamber. An experimental verification of the method was carried out in a compact anechoic chamber, where the source-detector separation was approximately 1/5 of the far-field distance. The measured magnitude and phase pattern exhibited only a small error. The EIRP obtained using a Fresnel-to-far-field transformation was compared with a reference value, and the error was within 0.5 dB.

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Kent, Elizabeth C., and Peter G. Challenor. "Toward Estimating Climatic Trends in SST. Part II: Random Errors." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1844.1.

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Abstract Random observational errors for sea surface temperature (SST) are estimated using merchant ship reports from the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) for the period of 1970–97. A statistical technique, semivariogram analysis, is used to isolate the variance resulting from the observational error from that resulting from the spatial variability in a dataset of the differences of paired SST reports. The method is largely successful, although there is some evidence that in high-variability regions the separation of random and spatial error is not complete, which may have led to an overestimate of the random observational error in these regions. The error estimates are robust to changes in the details of the regression method used to estimate the spatial variability. The resulting error estimates are shown to vary with region, time, the quality control applied, the method of measurement, the recruiting country, and the source of the data. SST data measured using buckets typically contain smaller random errors than those measured using an engine-intake thermometer. Errors are larger in the 1970s, probably because of problems with data transmission in the early days of the Global Telecommunications System. The best estimate of the global average random error in ICOADS ship SST for the period of 1970–97 is 1.2°C if the estimates are weighted by ocean area and 1.3°C if the estimates are weighted by the number of observations.

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Austin, R. E., W. W. Hauck, G. S. Aldea, A. E. Flynn, D. L. Coggins, and J. I. Hoffman. "Quantitating error in blood flow measurements with radioactive microspheres." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 257, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): H280—H288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.1.h280.

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Accurate determination of the reproducibility of measurements using the microsphere technique is important in assessing differences in blood flow to different organs or regions within organs, as well as changes in perfusion under various experimental conditions. The sources of error of the technique are briefly reviewed. In addition, we derived a method for combining quantifiable sources of error into a single estimate that was evaluated experimentally by simultaneously injecting eight or nine sets of microspheres (each with a different radionuclide label) into four anesthetized dogs. Each nuclide was used to calculate blood flow in 145–190 myocardial regions. We compared each flow determination (using a single nuclide label) with a weighted mean for the piece (based on the remaining nuclides). The difference was defined as “measured” error. In all, there were a total of 5,975 flow observations. We compared measured error with theoretical estimates based on the Poisson error of radioactive disintegration and microsphere entrapment, nuclide separation error, and reference flow error. We found that combined estimates based on these sources completely accounted for measured error in the relative distribution of microspheres. In addition, our estimates of the error in measuring absolute flows (which were established using microsphere reference samples) slightly, but significantly, underestimated measured error in absolute flow.

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Fayadh, Rashid A., F. Malek, and Hilal A. Fadhil. "Pulse Sign Separation Technique for the Received Bits in Wireless Ultra-Wideband Combination Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/919681.

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When receiving high data rate in ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, many users have experienced multiple-user interference and intersymbol interference in the multipath reception technique. Structures have been proposed for implementing rake receivers to enhance their capabilities by reducing the bit error probability (Pe), thereby providing better performances by indoor and outdoor multipath receivers. As a result, several rake structures have been proposed in the past to reduce the number of resolvable paths that must be estimated and combined. To achieve this aim, we suggest two maximal ratio combiners based on the pulse sign separation technique, such as the pulse sign separation selective combiner (PSS-SC) and the pulse sign separation partial combiner (PSS-PC) to reduce complexity with fewer fingers and to improve the system performance. In the combiners, a comparator was added to compare the positive quantity of positive pulses and negative quantities of negative pulses to decide whether the transmitted bit was 1 or 0. ThePewas driven by simulation for multipath environments for impulse radio time-hopping binary phase shift keying (TH-BPSK) modulation, and the results were compared with those of conventional selective combiners (C-SCs) and conventional partial combiners (C-PCs).

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Chen, Qiang, Xueheng Tao, Jinshi Lu, and Xuejun Wang. "Cylindricity Error Measuring and Evaluating for Engine Cylinder Bore in Manufacturing Procedure." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4212905.

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On-line measuring device of cylindricity error is designed based on two-point method error separation technique (EST), which can separate spindle rotation error from measuring error. According to the principle of measuring device, the mathematical model of the minimum zone method for cylindricity error evaluating is established. Optimized parameters of objective function decrease to four from six by assuming thatcis equal to zero andhis equal to one. Initial values of optimized parameters are obtained from least square method and final values are acquired by the genetic algorithm. The ideal axis of cylinder is fitted in MATLAB. Compared to the error results of the least square method, the minimum circumscribed cylinder method, and the maximum inscribed cylinder method, the error result of the minimum zone method conforms to the theory of error evaluation. The results indicate that the method can meet the requirement of engine cylinder bore cylindricity error measuring and evaluating.

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Arkharov, I. A., and I. D. Kakorin. "Technique for flowrate calculation of cryogenic two-phase flows in Venturi flowmeters without separation." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 7 (2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-7-34-42.

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A technique for calculating the flowrate of cryogenic two-phase flows in separationless flowmeters based on a venturi is proposed. The technique takes into account the equation of state of the two-phase medium, that is changes in density, mass vapour quality and temperature of cryogens two-phase flows against pressure in the venturi. It is shown that without an accounting of the flow parameters evolution, an additional flowrate error appears and therefore it is impossible to correctly determine the sensitivity and measurement range of the flowmeter. The most optimal measurement range of the pressure drop is chosen as well as a method of the flowrate measuring by the temperature difference across the venturi is proposed. The problem of determining the flowrate of two-phase cryogenic flows is topical for accelerator, aerospace and gas-transport engineering.

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Wang, Tengfei, Junmin Li, and Shu Tang. "Adaptive Synchronization of Nonlinearly Parameterized Complex Dynamical Networks with Unknown Time-Varying Parameters." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/592539.

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A new adaptive learning control approach is proposed for a class of nonlinearly parameterized complex dynamical networks with unknown time-varying parameters. By using the parameter separation and reparameterization technique, the adaptive learning laws of periodically time-varying and constant parameters and an adaptive control strategy are designed to ensure the asymptotic convergence of the synchronization error in the sense of square error norm. Then, a sufficient condition of the synchronization is given by constructing a composite energy function. Finally, an example of the complex network is used to verify the effectiveness of proposed approach.

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49

Pereira de Farias, R., R. Pinheiro Neto, W. Pereira da Silva, and A. G. Barbosa de Lima. "A Theoretical Investigation of Banana Drying Using Diffusion Model." Defect and Diffusion Forum 369 (July 2016): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.369.142.

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This work presents a drying theoretical study of banana fruit using diffusion model (Fick ́s law). The governing equation was solved by using the separation of variables technique. For validation, whole banana were peeled manually and dried in an oven at temperatures 40 and 70°C. Predicted results were obtained by fitting to experimental data using the least square error technique. Results revealed which air temperature affect significantly drying of banana. The fitted results presented good concordance with the experimental data.

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Elsayed, M., and K. A. Fathalah. "Solar Flux-Density Distribution due to Partially Shaded/Blocked Mirrors Using the Separation of Variables/Superposition Technique With Polynomial and Gaussian Sunshapes." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2847971.

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In a previous work (El Sayed et al., 1994), the separation of a variable/superposition technique was used to predict the flux density distribution on the receiver surfaces of solar central receiver plants. In this paper further developments of the technique are given. A numerical technique is derived to carry out the convolution of the sunshape and error density functions. Also, a simplified numerical procedure is presented to determine the basic flux density function on which the technique depends. The technique is used to predict the receiver solar flux distribution using two sunshapes, polynomial and Gaussian distributions. The results predicted with the technique are validated by comparison with experimental results from mirrors both with and without partial shading/blocking of their surfaces.

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